Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of vegetation on the presence and genetic diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in soil. | bacillus thuringiensis isolates were obtained from soil samples collected at different sites located in the same region but with different vegetation. the sites showed different frequencies of b. thuringiensis, depending on the type of vegetation. strains of b. thuringiensis were found to be less common in samples of riparian forest soil than in soil of other types of vegetation. the rate of occurrence of b. thuringiensis in the samples also varied according to the vegetation. these results show ... | 2013 | 23391226 |
| dynamics of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and lysinibacillus sphaericus spores in urban catch basins after simultaneous application against mosquito larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) and lysinibacillus sphaericus (lsph) are extensively used in mosquito control programs. these biocides are the active ingredients of a commercial larvicide. quantitative data on the fate of both bti and lsph applied together for the control of mosquitoes in urban drainage structures such as catch basins are lacking. we evaluated the dynamics and persistence of bti and lsph spores released through their concomitant application in urban catch basins in ... | 2013 | 23390547 |
| activity of the bacillus thuringiensis nprr-nprx cell-cell communication system is co-ordinated to the physiological stage through a complex transcriptional regulation. | nprr is a quorum sensor of the rnpp family found in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. in association with its cognate peptide nprx, nprr controls the expression of genes essential for survival and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis during its necrotrophic development in insects. here, we report that the nprr-nprx genes are not autoregulated and are co-transcribed from a σ(a) -dependent promoter (pa ) located upstream from nprr. the transcription from pa starts at the onset of the station ... | 2013 | 23388036 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of cichorium intybus root extract using orthogonal matrix design. | solvent, impregnation time, sonication repetitions, and ultrasonic power were important factors in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction from chicory (cichorium intybus) root, while there were no studies about optimizing these 4 factors for extract yield, total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of the extracts using orthogonal matrix design. the present research demonstrated that the solvent composition played a significant role in the improving ... | 2013 | 23387896 |
| a phenylalanine clamp controls substrate specificity in the quorum-quenching metallo-γ-lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis. | autoinducer inactivator a (aiia) is a metal-dependent n-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase that displays broad substrate specificity but shows a preference for substrates with long n-acyl substitutions. previously, crystal structures of aiia in complex with the ring-opened product n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine revealed binding interactions near the metal center but did not identify a binding pocket for the n-acyl chains of longer substrates. here we report the crystal structure of an aiia mutant, f107w ... | 2013 | 23387521 |
| [purification and physicochemical properties of bacillus thuringiensis imb b-7324 peptidase with elastolytic and fibrinolytic activity]. | the scheme of isolation and purification of bacillus thuringiensis imv b-7324 peptidase has been developed. this scheme includes ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on neutral and charged tsk-gels. it was found that the enzyme hydrolyzes elastin and fibrin. the molecular weight is 26 kda. it was shown that the enzyme is an alkaline serine peptidase. the optimal ph of hydrolysis of elastin and fibrin were 9.0 and 10.0, respectively. the optimal temperature of elastin and fibrin hydr ... | 2015 | 23387266 |
| bacillus thuringiensis isolates from great nicobar islands. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains were isolated from soil samples of great nicobar islands, one of the "hottest biodiversity hotspots," where no collection has been characterized previously. the 36 new bt isolates were obtained from 153 samples analyzed by crystal protein production with light/phase-contrast microscopy, determination of cry gene profile by sds-page, evaluation of toxicity against coleopteran, and lepidopteran insect pests, finally cloning and sequencing. majority of the isolat ... | 2013 | 23377491 |
| proteome response of tribolium castaneum larvae to bacillus thuringiensis toxin producing strains. | susceptibility of tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae was determined against spore-crystal mixtures of five coleopteran specific and one lepidopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin producing strains and those containing the structurally unrelated cry3ba and cry23aa/cry37aa proteins were found toxic (lc(50) values 13.53 and 6.30 µg spore-crystal mixture/µl flour disc, respectively). using itraq combined with lc-ms/ms allowed the discovery of seven novel differentially expressed proteins in ... | 2013 | 23372850 |
| overexpression of polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk) increases bioinsecticide production by bacillus thuringiensis. | polyphosphate (polyp), synthesized by polyp kinase (ppk) using the terminal phosphate of atp as substrate, performs important functions in every living cell. the present work reports on the relationship between polyp metabolism and bioinsecticide production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti). the ppk gene of bti was cloned into vector pht315 and the effect of its overexpression on endotoxin production was determined. endotoxin production by the recombinant strain was found to be ... | 2013 | 23369305 |
| dynamic staining of bacillus endospores with thioflavin t. | rapid detection and identification of endospores presents a range of complex challenges. dynamic staining approach, developed in our lab, utilizes the time-course fluorescence enhancement of an amyloid-staining dye, thioflavin t (tht), after mixing with intact endospores. we examined the kinetics of staining bacillus atrophaeus and bacillus thuringiensis endospores, and the rates of staining were different for the two bacilli when intact endospores were treated with tht. this finding demonstrate ... | 2012 | 23365938 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis misting for control of aedes in cryptic ground containers in north queensland, australia. | in australia, dengue is not endemic, although the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is established in far north queensland (fnq). aedes albopictus has recently invaded the torres strait region, but is not established on mainland australia. to maintain dengue-free, public health departments in fnq closely monitor introduced dengue infections and confine outbreaks through rigorous vector control responses. to safeguard mainland australia from ae. albopictus establishment, pre-emptive strategies are re ... | 2013 | 23358637 |
| genetic structure and gene flow among brazilian populations of heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | population genetic studies are essential to the better application of pest management strategies, including the monitoring of the evolution of resistance to insecticides and genetically modified plants. bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) crops have been instrumental in controlling tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a pest that has developed resistance to many common insecticides once used for its management. in our study, microsatellite markers were applied to ... | 2012 | 23356080 |
| susceptibility and selectivity of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to different cry toxins. | effectiveness of four cry toxins (cry1ac, cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1c) on cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), collected from paddy fields in jiaxing, zhejiang province, china, was evaluated in the laboratory. bioassays showed that c. medinalis had different susceptibilities against four cry toxins. the lc50 values of cry1ac, cry1ab, cry1aa, and cry1c against c. medinalis were 0.405, 1.111, 1.939, and 1.246 microg/ml, respectively. furthermore, the mortality of c. medinalis ... | 2012 | 23356078 |
| impact of six transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on four nontarget thrips species attacking rice panicles in the paddy field. | as a key component of ecological risk assessments, nontarget effects of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice have been tested under laboratory and field conditions for various organisms. a 2-yr field experiment was conducted to observe the nontarget effects of six transgenic rice lines (expressing the cry1ab or fused protein of cry1ab and cry1ac) on four nontarget thrips species including frankliniella intonsa (trybom), f. tenuicornis (uzel), haplothrips aculeatus (f.), and h. tritici (kurd), as com ... | 2013 | 23339799 |
| does changing the predicted dynamics of a phospholipase c alter activity and membrane binding? | the enzymatic activity of secreted phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) enzymes is associated with bacterial virulence. although the pi-plc active site has no obvious lid, molecular-dynamics simulations suggest that correlated loop motions may limit access to the active site, and two pro residues, pro(245) and pro(254), are associated with these correlated motions. whereas the region containing both pro residues is quite variable among pi-plcs, it shows high conservation in vir ... | 2013 | 23332071 |
| application of box-behnken experimental design to optimize the extraction of insecticidal cry1ac from soil. | a validated method for analyzing cry proteins is a premise to study the fate and ecological effects of contaminants associated with genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis crops. the current study has optimized the extraction method to analyze cry1ac protein in soil using a response surface methodology with a three-level-three-factor box-behnken experimental design (bbd). the optimum extraction conditions were at 21 °c and 630 rpm for 2 h. regression analysis showed a good fit of the exper ... | 2013 | 23327690 |
| laboratory assessment of the impacts of transgenic bt rice on the ecological fitness of the soil non-target arthropod, folsomia candida (collembola: isotomidae). | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) endotoxins (bt rice) for pest control is considered an important solution to food security in china. however, tests for potential effects on non-target soil organisms are required for environmental risk assessment. the soil collembolan folsomia candida l. (collembola: isotomidae) is a potential non-target arthropod that is often used as a biological indicator in bio-safety assessments of transgenic crops. in the present study, the roots, ste ... | 2013 | 23322316 |
| interaction between the predator podisus nigrispinus (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis. | plutella xylostella (l.) is susceptible to both the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the predator, brazilian spined soldier bug [podisus nigrispinus (dallas)]. the objective of this study was to measure the interaction between the bacterium b. thuringiensis and the predator p. nigrispinus. we also studied the behavior of p. nigrispinus in relation to its choice between b. thuringiensis-infected and healthy p. xylostellais larvae. in the first treatment, p. nigrispinus nymphs were fed da ... | 2012 | 23321092 |
| electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunosensor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac based on fe3o4@au nanoparticles. | a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ecl) immunosensor for cry1ac was fabricated. the primary antibody anti-cry1ac was immobilized onto core-shell structural fe(3)o(4)@au nanoparticles. the antigen and glucose-oxidase-labeled secondary antibody were then successively combined to form sandwich-type immunocomplexes through a specific interaction. the magnetic particles loaded with sandwich immune complexes were attracted to a magnet-controlled glass carbon electrode (gce) by an external ma ... | 2013 | 23317307 |
| cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis enhances mosquitocidal activity of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 against aedes aegypti but not culex quinquefasciatus. | the cyt1aa protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is known to synergize mosquitocidal proteins of b. thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus strains. cyt1aa is highly lipophilic, and after binding in vivo to the midgut microvillar membrane serves as a "receptor" for mosquitocidal cry proteins, which subsequently form cation channels that kill mosquito larvae. here we report that cyt1aa can serve a similar function for lepidopteran-specific cry proteins of b. thuringiensis in certain ... | 2013 | 23314373 |
| health effects of selected microbiological control agents. a 3-year follow-up study. | microbiological control agents (mbca) are widely used in greenhouses, replacing chemical pesticides. the presented study aims to describe health effects of exposure to three types commonly used: bacillus thuringiensis, verticillium lecanii, and trichoderma harzenianum covering seven different products in greenhouse workers with emphasis on sensitization and respiratory effects. | 2012 | 23311779 |
| [comparison of codon optimizations of cry1ah1 gene in rice]. | cry1ah1, one of holo-type cry genes, cloned in this laboratory from bacillus thuringiensis strain has been patented in china, and it encoded a protein with strong insecticidal activity against certain lepidopteran insect pests, such as chilo suppressalis. cry1ah1 gene is exhibiting good application prospects. in order to improve the expression level of cry1ah1 gene in rice, and investigate the effect of codon usage preference of gene expression, we designed five different optimized schemes for c ... | 2012 | 23311133 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry34ab1/cry35ab1 interactions with western corn rootworm midgut membrane binding sites. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry34ab1/cry35ab1 are binary insecticidal proteins that are co-expressed in transgenic corn hybrids for control of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. bt crystal (cry) proteins with limited potential for field-relevant cross-resistance are used in combination, along with non-transgenic corn refuges, as a strategy to delay development of resistant rootworm populations. differences in insect midgut membrane binding site interactions are one li ... | 2013 | 23308139 |
| new variants of lepidoptericidal toxin genes encoding bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa proteins. | bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium characterized by producing parasporal proteinaceous insecticidal crystal inclusions during sporulation. many strains are capable of also expressing other insecticidal proteins called vip during the vegetative growing phase. particularly, vip3a proteins have activity against certain lepidoptera species through a unique mechanism of action which emphasized their possible use in resistance management strategies against resistant pests. the aim ... | 2012 | 23307196 |
| parasporin 1ac2, a novel cytotoxic crystal protein isolated from bacillus thuringiensis b0462 strain. | two novel parasporin (ps) genes were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis b0462 strain. one was 100 % identical even in nucleotide sequence level with that of parasporin-1aa (ps1aa1) from b. thuringiensis a1190 strain. the other (ps1ac2) showed significant homology (99 % identity) to that of ps1ac1 from b. thuringiensis 87-29 strain. the 15 kda (s(113)-r(250)) and 60 kda (i(251)-s(777)) fragments consisting of an active form of ps1ac2 were expressed as his-tag fusion. upon purification under denat ... | 2013 | 23306354 |
| production of a thermostable and alkaline chitinase by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hbk-51. | this paper reports the isolation and identification of chitinase-producing bacillus from chitin-containing wastes, production of a thermostable and alkaline chitinasese, and enzyme characterization. bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hbk-51 was isolated from soil and was identified. chitinase was obtained from supernatant of b. thuringiensis hbk-51 strain and showed its optimum activity at 110°c and at ph 9.0. following 3 hours of incubation period, the enzyme showed a high level of activity ... | 2012 | 23304523 |
| sex differences in host defence interfere with parasite-mediated selection for outcrossing during host-parasite coevolution. | the red queen hypothesis proposes that coevolving parasites select for outcrossing in the host. outcrossing relies on males, which often show lower immune investment due to, for example, sexual selection. here, we demonstrate that such sex differences in immunity interfere with parasite-mediated selection for outcrossing. two independent coevolution experiments with caenorhabditis elegans and its microparasite bacillus thuringiensis produced decreased yet stable frequencies of outcrossing male h ... | 2013 | 23301667 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriocin isolated from brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. | a bacteriocin-producing (11,000 au ml(-1)) strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy algerian plants ononis angustissima lam., and identified as brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. the bacteriocin, called bac-gm100, was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant, and, based on maldi-tof/ms analysis, was a monomer protein with a molecular mass of 4375.66 da. the 21 n-terminal residues of bac-gm100 displayed 65% homology with thurincin h from bacillus thuringiensis. bac-gm100 wa ... | 2013 | 23291759 |
| inactivation of foodborne pathogens in ground beef by cooking with highly controlled radio frequency energy. | the consumer demand for fresh tasting, high quality, low salt, preservative-free meals which require minimal preparation time magnifies the safety concern and emphasizes the need to use innovative technologies for food processing. a modern technique to uniformly heat and cook foods is based on a combination of convection and controlled radio frequency (rf) energy. however any advantage conferred on meat cooked by this method would be lost if application of the technology results in decreased saf ... | 2013 | 23290228 |
| non-recessive bt toxin resistance conferred by an intracellular cadherin mutation in field-selected populations of cotton bollworm. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have been planted widely to control insect pests, yet evolution of resistance by the pests can reduce the benefits of this approach. recessive mutations in the extracellular domain of toxin-binding cadherin proteins that confer resistance to bt toxin cry1ac by disrupting toxin binding have been reported previously in three major lepidopteran pests, including the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. here we report a novel allele from ... | 2012 | 23285292 |
| greenhouse-selected resistance to cry3bb1-producing corn in three western corn rootworm populations. | transgenic corn producing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry3bb1 has been useful for controlling western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, one of the most economically important crop pests in the united states. however, rapid evolution of resistance by this beetle to bt corn producing cry3bb1 has been reported previously from the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. here we selected in the greenhouse for resistance to cry3bb1 corn in three colonies of wcr derived from k ... | 2012 | 23284656 |
| ochratoxin a management in vineyards by lobesia botrana biocontrol. | grape berries attacked by lobesia botrana larvae are more easily infected by aspergillus section nigri (black aspergilli) ochratoxigenic species. two-year field trials were carried out in apulia (italy) to evaluate a bioinsecticide control strategy against l. botrana and the indirect effect on reducing ochratoxin a (ota) contamination in vineyards. a commercial bacillus thuringiensis formulate and an experimental beauveria bassiana (item-1559) formulate were tested in two vineyards cultivated wi ... | 2013 | 23282670 |
| selectivity and self-assembly in the control of a bacterial toxin by an antitoxic noncoding rna pseudoknot. | bacterial small rnas perform numerous regulatory roles, including acting as antitoxic components in toxin-antitoxin systems. in type iii toxin-antitoxin systems, small processed rnas directly antagonize their toxin protein partners, and in the systems characterized the toxin and antitoxin components together form a trimeric assembly. in the present study, we sought to define how the rna antitoxin, toxi, inhibits its potentially lethal protein partner, toxn. we show through cross-inhibition exper ... | 2012 | 23267117 |
| bacillus thuringiensis suppresses bacterial wilt disease caused by ralstonia solanacearum with systemic induction of defense-related gene expression in tomato. | bacillus thuringiensis is a naturally abundant gram-positive bacterium and a well-known, effective bio-insecticide. recently, b. thuringiensis has attracted considerable attention as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of plant diseases. in this study, the bacterial wilt disease-suppressing activity of b. thuringiensis was examined in tomato plants. treatment of tomato roots with b. thuringiensis culture followed by challenge inoculation with ralstonia solanacearum suppresse ... | 2012 | 23257909 |
| characteristics of a broad lytic spectrum endolysin from phage btcs33 of bacillus thuringiensis. | endolysins produced by bacteriophages lyse bacteria, and are thus considered a novel type of antimicrobial agent. several endolysins from bacillus phages or prophages have previously been characterized and used to target bacillus strains that cause disease in animals and humans. b. thuringiensis phage btcs33 is a siphoviridae family phage and its genome has been sequenced and analyzed. in the btcs33 genome, orf18 was found to encode an endolysin protein (plybt33). | 2012 | 23249212 |
| affinity maturation of cry1aa toxin to the bombyx mori cadherin-like receptor by directed evolution. | improvement of the activity and insecticidal spectrum of cloned cry toxins of bacillus thuringiensis should allow for their wider application as biopesticides and a gene source for gene-modified crops. the insecticidal activity of cry toxins depends on their binding to the receptor. therefore, as a model, we aimed to generate improved binding affinity mutant toxins against bombyx mori cadherin-like receptor (btr175) using methods of directed evolution with the expectation of insecticidal activit ... | 2013 | 23247992 |
| mortality and repellent effects of microbial pathogens on coptotermes formosanus (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | two entomopathogenic fungi, isaria fumosorosea and metarhizium anisopliae, and one bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, were tested for their ability to cause mortality of formosan subterranean termites (fst), coptotermes formosanus (shiraki), after liquid exposure, and for their lack of propensity to repel fst. | 2012 | 23241169 |
| [activity of four cry gene promoters in spoiiid mutant of bacillus thuringiensis]. | we studied the influence of spoiiid gene deletion on the activity of cry1ac, cry3a, cry4a and cry8e gene promoters in bacillus thuringiensis and compared the activity among these promoters in spoiiid mutant (hd-delta spoiiid). | 2012 | 23236841 |
| effects of cry1ab transgenic maize on lifecycle and biomarker responses of the earthworm, eisenia andrei. | a 28-day study was conducted to determine the effects of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin on the earthworm eisenia andrei. previously, investigations have been limited to life-cycle level effects of this protein on earthworms, and mostly on e. fetida. in this study several endpoints were compared which included biomass changes, cocoon production, hatching success, a cellular metal-stress biomarker (neutral red retention time; nrrt) and potential genotoxic effects in terms of randomly ampl ... | 2012 | 23235452 |
| agcad2 cadherin in anopheles gambiae larvae is a putative receptor of cry11ba toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan. | in an effort to study the mode of action of cry11ba, we identified toxin binding proteins in anopheles gambiae larval midgut and investigated their receptor roles. previously, an aminopeptidase (agapn2) and an alkaline phosphatase (agalp1) were identified as receptors for cry11ba toxin in a. gambiae. however, an a. gambiae cadherin (agcad1) that bound cry11ba with low affinity (k(d) = 766 nm) did not support a receptor role of agcad1 for cry11ba. here, we studied a second a. gambiae cadherin (ag ... | 2013 | 23231770 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of a new cry1ab gene from dor bt-1, an indigenous isolate of bacillus thuringiensis. | a new cry1ab gene was cloned from the promising local isolate, dor bt-1, a bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from castor semilooper (achaea janata l.) cadavers from castor bean (ricinus communis l.) field. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cry1ab gene indicated that the open reading frame consisted of 3,465 bases encoding a protein of 1,155 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular weight of 130 kda. homology comparisons revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cry1ab had ... | 2013 | 23224937 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ia10 and vip3aa protein interactions and their toxicity in spodoptera spp. (lepidoptera). | the polyphagous pests belonging to the genus spodoptera are considered to be among the most important causes of damage and are widely distributed throughout the americas'. due to the extensive use of genetically modified plants containing bacillus thuringiensis genes that code for insecticidal proteins, resistant insects may arise. to prevent the development of resistance, pyramided plants, which express multiple insecticidal proteins that act through distinct mode of actions, can be used. this ... | 2013 | 23220241 |
| histopathological effects and determination of the putative receptor of bacillus thuringiensis cry1da toxin in spodoptera littoralis midgut. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain hd133, known by its effectiveness against spodoptera species, produces many insecticidal proteins including cry1ab, cry1ca and cry1da. in the present study, the insecticidal activity of cry1da against spodoptera littoralis was investigated. it showed toxicity with an lc(50) of 224.4 ng/cm(2) with 95% confidence limits of (178.61-270.19) and an lc(90) of 467.77 ng/cm(2) with 95% confidence limits of (392.89-542.65). the midgut histopathology of cry1da ... | 2013 | 23220238 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores host bacteria that affect nutrient biodynamics and biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens. | the aim of this research was to isolate and characterize bacteria from spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). we designated these bacteria 'probable endobacteria' (pe). three bacterial strains were isolated from approximately 500 spores of gigaspora margarita (becker and hall) using a hypodermic needle (diameter, 200 μm). the bacteria were identified by morphological methods and on the basis of ribosomal gene sequences as bacillus sp. (ktcigm01), bacillus thuringiensis (ktcigm02), and pae ... | 2011 | 23213368 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar sichuansis strain mc28. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial insecticide used in the control of agricultural pests. here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar sichuansis strain mc28, which can form parasporal crystals consisting of cry4cc1, cry30fa1, cry53ab1, cry54aa1, cry54ab1, cry68aa1, cry69aa1, cry69aa2, cry70ba1, cyt1da1, and cyt2aa3. it is also highly toxic to lepidopterous and dipterous insects. | 2012 | 23209229 |
| development and validation of a confirmative lc-ms/ms method for the determination of ß-exotoxin thuringiensin in plant protection products and selected greenhouse crops. | bacterial products based on bacillus thuringiensis are registered in many countries as plant protection products (ppps) and are widely used as insecticides and nematocides. however, certain b. thuringiensis strains produce harmful toxins and are therefore not allowed to be used as ppps. the serotype b. thuringiensis thuringiensis produces the beta-exotoxin thuringiensin (ßet) which is considered to be toxic for almost all forms of life including humans (who 1999). the use of a non-registered ppp ... | 2013 | 23208288 |
| molecular characterization and genetic diversity of insecticidal crystal protein genes in native bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | the western ghats of karnataka natural ecosystem are among the most diverse and is one of the eight hottest hotspots of biological diversity in the world, that runs along the western part of india through four states including karnataka. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains were isolated from soils of western ghats of karnataka and characterized by molecular and analytical methods as a result of which 28 new bt-like isolates were identified. bt strains were isolated from soil samples using sodium ... | 2013 | 23207696 |
| lengthening of insect development on bt zone results in adult emergence asynchrony: does it influence the effectiveness of the high dose/refuge zone strategy? | the “high dose/refuge” strategy (hd/r) is the currently recommended insect resistance management strategy (irm) to limit resistance development to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) plants. this strategy requires planting a “refuge zone” composed of non-bt plants suitable for the target insect and in close proximity to a “bt zone” expressing a high toxin concentration. one of the main assumptions is that enough susceptible adults mate with resistant insects. however, ... | 2012 | 23202319 |
| characterisation and profiling of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis by maldi-tof mass fingerprinting. | the bacillus genus includes species such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, some of which may be pathogenic or causative agents in the spoilage of food products. the main goal of this work was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting to the classification of these bacillus species. genetic analyses were also compared to phyloproteomic analyses. a collection of 57 bacillus strains isolated from fresh and pro ... | 2013 | 23200657 |
| role of mechanical vs. chemical action in the removal of adherent bacillus spores during cip procedures. | this study was designed to evaluate the respective roles of mechanical and chemical effects on the removal of bacillus spores during cleaning-in-place. this analysis was performed on 12 strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis) or to less related bacillus species (bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus subtilis). adherent spores were subjected to rinsing-in-place (mechanical action) and cleaning- ... | 2013 | 23200646 |
| the lipid moiety of the gpi-anchor of the major plasma membrane proteins in paramecium primaurelia is a ceramide: variation of the amide-linked fatty acid composition as a function of growth temperature. | the major membrane proteins of paramecium are anchored in the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi). the expression of these gpi-proteins, the surface antigen (sag) and the surface gpi-proteins (sgps), is temperature-dependent, different sets are expressed at 23°c and at 32 °c. to characterize the gpi-anchor lipid moieties of these proteins, a new strategy of biosynthetic radiolabeling was developed. cells of paramecium primaurelia, grown at 23°c or at 32 °c, were fed with [(1 ... | 1998 | 23196112 |
| increase in larval gut proteolytic activities and bti resistance in the dengue fever mosquito. | the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) is increasingly used worldwide for mosquito control. although no established resistance to bti has been described in the field so far, a resistant aedes aegypti strain (litox strain) was selected in the laboratory using field-collected leaf litter containing bti toxins. this selected strain exhibits a moderate resistance level to bti, but a high resistance level to individual cry toxins. as bti contains four different toxins, gener ... | 2013 | 23192850 |
| current status of genetic engineering in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l): an assessment. | cotton is considered as the foremost commercially important fiber crop and is deemed as the backbone of the textile industry. the productivity of cotton crop, worldwide, is severely hampered by the occurrence of pests, weeds, pathogens apart from various environmental factors. several beneficial agronomic traits, viz., early maturity, improved fiber quality, heat tolerance, etc. have been successfully incorporated into cotton varieties employing conventional hybridization and mutation breeding. ... | 2014 | 23190258 |
| effects of oral bt-maize (mon810) exposure on growth and health parameters in normal and sensitised atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. | responses to gm maize bt-maize, mon810) expressing cry1ab protein from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in diets for both normal and immune-sensitised (with soyabean meal (sbm)-induced enteropathy) post-smolt atlantic salmon were investigated following 33 and 97 d of exposure. triplicate tanks of salmon were fed one of four diets, all containing 20% whole-kernel meal maize, either bt-maize or its near-isogenic maternal line, without or with 15% extracted sbm inclusion. the fish fed ... | 2013 | 23182224 |
| effect of silver nanoparticles on oryza sativa l. and its rhizosphere bacteria. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. this study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of agnps on oryza sativa l. and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. in order to study the complex interaction of the agnps l ... | 2013 | 23174269 |
| salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of jaffna, sri lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis to aedes aegypti larvae. | dengue, chikungunya, malaria, filariasis and japanese encephalitis are common mosquito-borne diseases endemic to sri lanka. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, were recently shown to undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water bodies in the island. a limited survey of selected coastal localities of the jaffna district in northern sri lanka was carried out to identify mosquito species undergoing pre-imaginal development in brackish and saline waters. the effect ... | 2012 | 23174003 |
| eco-physiological response of two marine bivalves to acute exposition to commercial bt-based pesticide. | microbial products based on the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are among the most common biopesticides used worldwide to suppress insect pests in forests, horticulture and agricultural crops. some of the effects of commercial bt have been recorded for terrestrial and freshwater non-target organisms but little research is available on marine fauna. nevertheless, due to the contiguity of agro-ecosystems and coastal habitats, marine fauna may be highly influenced by this con ... | 2013 | 23168358 |
| effectiveness of the high dose/refuge strategy for managing pest resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) plants expressing one or two toxins. | to delay resistance development to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) plants expressing their own insecticide, the application of the insect resistance management strategy called "high dose/refuge strategy" (hd/r) is recommended by the us environmental protection agency (us epa). this strategy was developed for bt plants expressing one toxin. presently, however, new bt plants that simultaneously express two toxins are on the market. we used a mathematical model to evaluate the efficiency of the hd/r st ... | 2012 | 23162699 |
| distribution and diversity analysis of bacillus thuringiensis cry genes in different soil types and geographical regions of india. | molecular characterization of 117 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates from various geographical locations was previously done by pcr amplification of cry genes. in present investigation, diversity of cry genes from different soil types and climatic environments was studied using rarefaction method. presence of cry1, cry2, cry3, 7, 8, cry4, cry5, 12, 14, 21, cry11, cry13 and cyt1 genes from bt strains isolated from various regions of india was determined by pcr amplification. a varied distributi ... | 2013 | 23160085 |
| mortality of adult stomoxys calcitrans fed isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | we examined the ability of five isolates of bacillus thuringiensis berliner to cause mortality in adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). isolates bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi 4l3 (serotype 9), bacillus thuringiensis darmstadiensis 4m1 (serotype 10a10b), bacillus thuringiensis thompsoni 401 (serotype 12), bacillus thuringiensis thuringiensis hd2 (serotype 1), and bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki hd945 (serotype 3a3b3c) were administered to adult flies in diets containing blood only, sug ... | 2012 | 23156187 |
| evaluation of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1a.105, cry2ab2, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1 against southern united states insect pests. | studies were conducted across the southern united states to characterize the efficacy of multiple bacillus thuringiensis (bt) events in a field corn, zea mays l., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. cry1f protein in event tc1507 and cry1a.105 + cry2ab2 proteins in event mon 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. cry34ab1/cry35ab1 proteins in event das-59122-7 and cry3bb1 in event mon 88017 w ... | 2012 | 23156183 |
| early season host plants of apolygus lucorum (heteroptera: miridae) in northern china. | apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) (heteroptera: miridae) has become a severe pest of cotton and many other crops in northern china as a result of the widespread adoption of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) cotton, with a corresponding reduction of broad-spectrum insecticide application in cotton fields. from the middle of april to middle june, a. lucorum feeds and develops on other host plants before dispersing to cotton fields. effective suppression of a. lucorum populations before they enter cotto ... | 2012 | 23156156 |
| proteome analysis of cry4ba toxin-interacting aedes aegypti lipid rafts using gelc-ms/ms. | lipid rafts are microdomains in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. among their many functions, lipid rafts are involved in cell toxicity caused by pore forming bacterial toxins including bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. we isolated lipid rafts from brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of aedes aegypti larvae as a detergent resistant membrane (drm) fraction on density gradients. cholesterol, aminopeptidase (apn), alkaline phosphatase (alp) and the raft marker flotillin were preferen ... | 2012 | 23153095 |
| effect of wolbachia on insecticide susceptibility in lines of aedes aegypti. | two stable infections of wolbachia pipientis, wmelpop and wmel, now established in aedes aegypti, are being used in a biocontrol program to suppress the transmission of dengue. any effects of wolbachia infection on insecticide resistance of mosquitoes may undermine the success of this program. bioassays of ae. aegypti were conducted to test for differences in response to insecticides between wolbachia infected (wmelpop, wmel) and uninfected lines. insecticides screened were bifenthrin, the pyret ... | 2013 | 23149015 |
| withdrawn: effects of oral administration of bacillus thuringiensis as spore-crystal strains cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac or cry2aa on hematologic and genotoxic endpoints of swiss albino mice. | this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. | 2012 | 23146696 |
| cry1aa binding to the cadherin receptor does not require conserved amino acid sequences in the domain ii loops. | characterizing the binding mechanism of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) cry toxin to the cadherin receptor is indispensable to understanding the specific insecticidal activity of this toxin. to this end, we constructed 30 loop mutants by randomly inserting four serial amino acids covering all four receptor binding loops (loops α8, 1, 2 and 3) and analysed their binding affinities for bombyx mori cadherin receptors via biacore. high binding affinities were confirmed for all 30 mutants containing loop ... | 2012 | 23145814 |
| mechanistic and single-dose in vivo therapeutic studies of cry5b anthelmintic action against hookworms. | hookworm infections are one of the most important parasitic infections of humans worldwide, considered by some second only to malaria in associated disease burden. single-dose mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths, including hookworms, relies primarily on albendazole, which has variable efficacy. new and better hookworm therapies are urgently needed. bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein cry5b has potential as a novel anthelmintic and has been extensively studied in the roundw ... | 2012 | 23145203 |
| dna-based diagnostics for genetically modified cotton: decaplex pcr assay to differentiate mon531 and mon15985 bt cotton events. | the adoption rate and global area under cultivation of genetically modified (gm) crops is dramatically increasing in recent past. gm cotton has occupied 25.0 million hectares (mha) comprising 15.6% of the global area under gm cultivation. bt cotton, expressing delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), is the only commercialized crop in india that is planted on an area of 10.6 mha. with the increase in development and commercialization of gm crops, it is necessary to develop appropriate ... | 2013 | 23143489 |
| cis-acting motifs in artificially synthesized expression cassette leads to enhanced transgene expression in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.). | efficacy of artificial synthetic expression modules was compared with native camv35s and decamv35s promoter in transgenic tomato developed by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the promoters under trial were camv35s-mec (pcami), camv35s (pcamii), decamv35s (pcamiii), synthetic minimal expression cassette (pmec), complete expression cassette (pcec), double enhancer expression cassette (pdec) and triple enhancer expression cassette (ptec) for driving the uida gene for β-glucuronidase (gus) act ... | 2012 | 23137727 |
| evaluation of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation for the control of chironomid midge larvae (diptera: chironomidae) in establishing rice crops in south-eastern australia. | a commercial formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) was evaluated for its potential to control chironomid midge larvae in newly sown rice crops in south-eastern australia. two replicated small-plot field trials were conducted using product application rates of 0.5-6 kg/ha. in trial 1 application rates between 2 and 6 kg product/ha all significantly (p<0.05) reduced populations of target chironominae/orthocladiinae by between 71% and 93% over the 19 day post-treatment mon ... | 2013 | 23131719 |
| construction and characterisation of an antifungal recombinant bacillus thuringiensis with an expanded host spectrum. | a novel antifungal bacillus thuringiensis strain 19-22, ssp. kurstaki (h3a3b3c), was characterised. this strain included cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry1d, which have high insecticidal activities against lepidopteran larvae other than spodoptera exigua. to expand the host spectrum, a cry1e gene whose product is active against s. exigua was introduced into the isolate. the transformant successfully expressed the cry1e protein without any loss of its original antifungal activities. these results i ... | 2012 | 23124760 |
| bacillus thuringiensis metalloproteinase bmp1 functions as a nematicidal virulence factor. | some bacillus thuringiensis strains have high toxicity to nematodes. nematicidal activity has been found in several families of crystal proteins, such as cry5, cry6, and cry55. the b. thuringiensis strain ybt-1518 has three cry genes that have high nematicidal activity. the whole genome sequence of this strain contains multiple potential virulence factors. to evaluate the pathogenic potential of virulence factors, we focused on a metalloproteinase called bmp1. it encompasses a consecutive n-term ... | 2013 | 23124228 |
| homology modeling of mosquitocidal cry30ca2 of bacillus thuringiensis and its molecular docking with n-acetylgalactosamine. | to investigate the theoretical model of the three-dimensional structure of mosquitocidal cry30ca2 and its molecular docking with n-acetylgalactosamine. | 2012 | 23122318 |
| [isolation of bacillus thuringiensis imv b-7324 fibrinolytic peptidase]. | fibrinolytic peptidase of bacillus thuringiensis imv b-7324 was isolated by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel-filtration and ion exchange chromatography on tsk-gels--toyopearl hw-55 and deae 650 (m). fibrinolytic activity of the purified enzyme was 87.9 u/mg of protein that was 19.9 times higher compared with the supernatant cultural liquid, the yield on its activity reached 31%. the gel-filtration on sepharose 6b and by sds-page electrophoresis demonstrated the homogeneity of the purified fib ... | 2013 | 23120980 |
| synthesis of bioactive microcapsules using a microfluidic device. | bioactive microcapsules containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores were generated by a combination of a hydro gel, microfluidic device and chemical polymerization method. as a proof-of-principle, we used bt spores displaying enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) on the spore surface to spatially direct the egfp-presenting spores within microcapsules. bt spore-encapsulated microdroplets of uniform size and shape are prepared through a flow-focusing method in a microfluidic device and conve ... | 2012 | 23112592 |
| effects of cry34/35ab1 corn on the survival and development of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is a major agricultural pest that is managed with transgenic corn, zea mays l., expressing genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt). the effects of bt corn producing cry34/35ab1 (event das-59122-7) and entomopathogens on the survival and development of larval d. v. virgifera were examined in laboratory, field and greenhouse experiments. | 2013 | 23109348 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin-binding glycoconjugates present on the brush border membrane and in the peritrophic membrane of the douglas-fir tussock moth are peritrophins. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxin-binding sites in the douglas fir tussock moth (dftm) larval gut were localized using immunofluorescence microscopy. cry1aa, cry1ab and cry1ac all bound strongly to the dftm peritrophic membrane (pm); weaker binding of the cry1a toxins was observed along the apical brush border of the midgut epithelium. comparative analysis of the cry1a toxin-binding molecules in the pm and brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) showed that a similar toxin-binding complex w ... | 2013 | 23108174 |
| multiplex pcr assay for the detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus group strains and its application in food matrices. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are the major concerns for the food safety in terms of frequency and/or seriousness of the disease. being members of the same group and sharing dna homology to a larger extent, they do create problems when their specific detection/identification is attempted from different food and environmental sources. numerous individual polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and few multiplex pcr (mpcr) methods have been employed to detect these organis ... | 2010 | 23100823 |
| characterization of native bacillus thuringiensis strains by pcr-rapd based fingerprinting. | seventy isolates of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil samples collected from cotton fields. these isolates were characterized by randomly amplified poylmorphic dna (rapd) markers to determine their genetic diversity pattern based on their source of origin. different random decamer primers were used for rapd amplification, which generated a total of 1935 fragments; of these 1865 were polymorphic and 68 monomorphic. the primers opa03, opa08, opd14, opd19, opd20, ope17 and opd19 produc ... | 2010 | 23100804 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in the rice field soils of different ecologies in india. | diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in the rice field soils of different ecologies viz. the island (port blair), the himalayan (srinagar), brackish water (mahe) and coastal mesophilic (mangalore) habitats was analyzed by phenotypic characterization of 5, 66, 14 and 54 bt isolates, respectively. the bt isolates produced either monotypic (bipyramidal or spherical) or heterotypic (polymorphic-bipyramidal or bipyramidal-rhomboidal) crystals. the organisms were generally resistant to the pen ... | 2007 | 23100691 |
| effect of different additives on the persistence and insecticidal activity of native strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | the persistence and insecticidal activity of native strains of bacillus thuringiensis was evaluated in formulations containing different additives such as arrow-root powder, carboxy methyl cellulose (cmc), gum acacia, non-food grade (nfg) starch, and soluble starch. persistence of b. thuringiensis varied with different additives used in the formulations. among the different additives used, nfg starch provided maximum protection to b. thuringiensis and native strain 42 showed maximum persistence ... | 2007 | 23100638 |
| transgenerational effects of feeding genetically modified maize to nulliparous sows and offspring on offspring growth and health. | this study assessed the effect of feeding genetically modified maize expressing a truncated form of the cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt mon810 maize) to sows during gestation and lactation and their offspring from weaning to 115 d postweaning on offspring growth and health. after weaning at approximately 28 d of age (d 0), individually penned, mixed sex pigs (approximately 8 kg bw) from sows fed isogenic or bt maize diets were blocked by sow treatment, sex, and bw and randomly ass ... | 2013 | 23097397 |
| early murine immune responses from endotracheal exposures to biotechnology-related bacillus strains. | an immunology-based in vivo screening regime was used to assess the potential pathogenicity of biotechnology-related microbes. strains of bacillus cereus (bc), bacillus subtilis (bs), bacillus thuringiensis (bt), and bt commercial products (cps) were tested. balb/c mice were endotracheally instilled with purified spores, diluted cp, or vegetative cells (vc) (live or dead). exposed mice were evaluated for changes in behavioral and physical symptoms, bacterial clearance, pulmonary granulocytes, an ... | 2011 | 23087536 |
| spray application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti strain am65-52) against aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus skuse populations and impact on dengue transmission in a dengue endemic residential site in malaysia. | a one year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spray application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), strain am65-52 on vector populations and dengue transmission in a dengue endemic state in malaysia. residential sites with similar populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse were studied. one site was treated with spray application of bti into all outdoor target vector habitats, which consisted of natural and artificial containers. the other site was not treat ... | 2012 | 23082582 |
| field evolved resistance in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in pakistan. | helicoverpa armigera (hübner) is one of the most destructive pests of several field and vegetable crops, with indiscriminate use of insecticides contributing to multiple instances of resistance. in the present study we assessed whether h. armigera had developed resistance to bt cotton and compared the results with several conventional insecticides. furthermore, the genetics of resistance was also investigated to determine the inheritance to cry1ac resistance. to investigate the development of re ... | 2012 | 23077589 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny. | the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ... | 2013 | 23073664 |
| antibiotic producing microorganisms from river wiwi, lake bosomtwe and the gulf of guinea at doakor sea beach, ghana. | microorganisms have provided a wealth of metabolites with interesting activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer. in this study, a total of 119 aquatic microbial isolates from 30 samples (taken from water bodies in ghana) were screened by the agar-well diffusion method for ability to produce antibacterial-metabolites. | 2012 | 23072432 |
| differential proteomic analysis of trichoplusia ni cells after continuous selection with activated cry1ac toxin. | development of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins threatens the sustained successful application of bt-based biological control tactics. multi-mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, such as alteration of toxin-binding proteins, changes of proteases in midgut and so on. the other responses of the cry1ac-selected insects might also contribute to the evolution of resistance. here, the cry1ac-selected trichoplusia ni tnh5 cells with high resistance were subjected to analys ... | 2012 | 23070538 |
| neurobactrus, a novel, highly effective, and environmentally friendly recombinant baculovirus insecticide. | a novel recombinant baculovirus, neurobactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties, such as a higher insecticidal activity and improved recovery, compared to wild-type baculovirus. for the construction of neurobactrus, the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene (here termed cry1-5) was introduced into the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) genome by fusion of the polyhedrin-cry1-5-polyhedrin genes under the c ... | 2013 | 23064343 |
| risk assessment of cry toxins of bacillus thuringiensis on the predatory mites euseius concordis and neoseiulus californicus (acari: phytoseiidae). | genetically modified plants carrying cry toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used for pest control. possible adverse effects as a result of the use of this control technique to non-target organisms is still a concern; however, few studies have addressed the effects of bt crops on phytoseiid predatory mites. phytoseiids are important for the natural control of phytophagous mites, but they can also feed on pollen, plant exudates, etc. thus, phytoseiids may ingest bt toxins through sev ... | 2013 | 23053912 |
| a new gene superfamily of pathogen-response (repat) genes in lepidoptera: classification and expression analysis. | repat (response to pathogens) genes were first identified in the midgut of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in response to bacillus thuringiensis and baculovirus exposure. since then, additional repat gene homologs have been identified in different studies. in this study the comprehensive larval transcriptome from s. exigua was analyzed for the presence of novel repat-homolog sequences. these analyses revealed the presence of at least 46 repat genes in s. exigua, establishing a new gen ... | 2013 | 23036664 |
| the susceptibility of five african anopheles species to anabaena pcc 7120 expressing bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquitocidal cry genes. | malaria, one of the leading causes of death in africa, is transmitted by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito. problems associated with the development of resistance to chemical insecticides and concerns about the non-target effects and persistence of chemical insecticides have prompted the development of environmentally friendly mosquito control agents. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of a genetically engineered cyanobacterium, anabaena pcc 7120#11, ag ... | 2012 | 23036082 |
| cytotoxicity analysis of three bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis δ-endotoxins towards insect and mammalian cells. | three members of the δ-endotoxin group of toxins expressed by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, cyt2ba, cry4aa and cry11a, were individually expressed in recombinant acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strains for in vitro evaluation of their toxic activities against insect and mammalian cell lines. both cry4aa and cry11a toxins, activated with either trypsin or spodoptera frugiperda gastric juice (gj), resulted in different cleavage patterns for the activated toxins as seen by sds-page. ... | 2012 | 23029407 |
| system wide analysis of the evolution of innate immunity in the nematode model species caenorhabditis elegans and pristionchus pacificus. | the evolution of genetic mechanisms used to combat bacterial infections is critical for the survival of animals and plants, yet how these genes evolved to produce a robust defense system is poorly understood. studies of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans have uncovered a plethora of genetic regulators and effectors responsible for surviving pathogens. however, comparative studies utilizing other free-living nematodes and therefore providing an insight into the evolution of innate immunity have ... | 2012 | 23028509 |
| ph-controlled bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac protoxin loading and release from polyelectrolyte microcapsules. | crystal proteins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been used as biopesticides because of their toxicity to the insect larval hosts. to protect the proteins from environmental stress to extend their activity, we have developed a new microcapsule formulation. poly (acrylic acid) (pah) and poly (styrene sulfonate) (pss) were fabricated through layer-by-layer self-assembly based on a caco(3) core. cry1ac protoxins were loaded into microcapsules through layer-by-layer self-assembly at l ... | 2012 | 23024810 |
| hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate producing abilities of bacillus spp. from glucose in two stage system. | metabolic activities of four bacillus strains to transform glucose into hydrogen (h(2)) and polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) in two stages were investigated in this study. under batch culture conditions, bacillus thuringiensis egu45 and bacillus cereus egu44 evolved 1.67-1.92 mol h(2)/mol glucose, respectively during the initial 3 days of incubation at 37°c. in the next 2 days, the residual glucose solutions along with b. thuringiensis egu45 shaken at 200 rpm was found to produce phb yield of 11.3% of ... | 2011 | 23024402 |
| superstructure of the centromeric complex of tubzrc plasmid partitioning systems. | bacterial plasmid partitioning systems segregate plasmids into each daughter cell. in the well-understood parmrc plasmid partitioning system, adapter protein parr binds to centromere parc, forming a helix around which the dna is externally wrapped. this complex stabilizes the growth of a filament of actin-like parm protein, which pushes the plasmids to the poles. the tubzrc plasmid partitioning system consists of two proteins, tubulin-like tubz and tubr, and a dna centromere, tubc, which perform ... | 2012 | 23010931 |
| detection and tracking of a novel genetically tagged biological simulant in the environment. | a variant of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki containing a single, stable copy of a uniquely amplifiable dna oligomer integrated into the genome for tracking the fate of biological agents in the environment was developed. the use of genetically tagged spores overcomes the ambiguity of discerning the test material from pre-existing environmental microflora or from previously released background material. in this study, we demonstrate the utility of the genetically "barcoded" simulant in a c ... | 2012 | 23001670 |
| fate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the field: evidence for spore recycling and differential persistence of toxins in leaf litter. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is a bioinsecticide increasingly used worldwide for mosquito control. despite its apparent low level of persistence in the field due to the rapid loss of its insecticidal activity, an increasing number of studies suggested that the recycling of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis can occur under specific, unknown conditions. decaying leaf litters sampled in mosquito breeding sites in the french rhône-alpes region several months after a treatment were sho ... | 2012 | 23001669 |
| genetic barcodes for improved environmental tracking of an anthrax simulant. | the development of realistic risk models that predict the dissemination, dispersion and persistence of potential biothreat agents have utilized nonpathogenic surrogate organisms such as bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii or commercial products such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. comparison of results from outdoor tests under different conditions requires the use of genetically identical strains; however, the requirement for isogenic strains limits the ability to compare other desira ... | 2012 | 23001658 |