Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the significance of the number of submitted samples and patient-related factors for faecal bacterial diagnostics. | the sensitivity of bacteriological testing of faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea has not been properly determined. the present study analysed the association between the results of stool sample examinations and the number of samples examined per patient and other patient-related factors. data concerning faecal specimens referred for culture for enteric bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and yersinia) to the central microbiological laboratory in denmark between 1995 ... | 2007 | 17727686 |
| an inducible lambdoid prophage encoding cytolethal distending toxin (cdt-i) and a type iii effector protein in enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are inhibitory cyclomodulins, which block eukaryotic cell proliferation and are produced by a diverse group of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli strains associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections. however, the mode of transmission of the toxin gene clusters among diverse bacterial pathogens is unclear. we found that cdt-i produced by enteropathogenic e. coli strains associated with diarrhea is encoded by a lambdoid prophage, whi ... | 2007 | 17726095 |
| effect of the nonreducing end of shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific oligosaccharides on their immunogenicity as conjugates in mice. | endemic and epidemic shigellosis, an acute invasive disease of the lower intestines, afflicts millions of people worldwide with an estimated one million fatalities per annum at a low infectious dose. our approach to vaccine development against shigella is based on the hypothesis that serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domains of the lps of these organisms confer protection to infection. the synthetic oligosaccharides corresponding to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit o ... | 2007 | 17726093 |
| bacterial, fungal and parasitic contamination of cockroaches in public hospitals of hamadan, iran. | to determine the possible role of cockroaches in dissemination of medically important microorganisms, a study was carried out in public hospitals and residential areas of hamadan city, west of iran. bacteria, fungi and parasites of medical importance were isolated and identified. the total number of blattella germanica collected from hospitals were 133 as the case group. the cockroaches collected from residential areas were 45 as the control group. | 2007 | 17722863 |
| spontaneous zygogenesis, a wide-ranging mating process in bacteria. | spontaneous zygogenesis (or z-mating) in escherichia coli, unlike f-mediated conjugation, promotes formation of complete zygotes. most z-mating products have proven to be phenotypically unstable, losing part of the phenotype for which they were selected. persistent z-mating products appear as stable genetic recombinants or yield subclones of two types: either both parental types or one of them plus a recombinant type, and the ability to promote spontaneous zygogenesis can appear in all emerging ... | 2007 | 17720456 |
| a bacterial effector targets mad2l2, an apc inhibitor, to modulate host cell cycling. | the gut epithelium self-renews every several days, providing an important innate defense system that limits bacterial colonization. nevertheless, many bacterial pathogens, including shigella, efficiently colonize the intestinal epithelium. here, we show that the shigella effector ipab, when delivered into epithelial cells, causes cell-cycle arrest by targeting mad2l2, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc) inhibitor. cyclin b1 ubiquitination assays revealed that apc undergoes unscheduled ... | 2007 | 17719540 |
| first detection and sequence analysis of the bla-ctx-m-15 gene in lebanese isolates of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing shigella sonnei. | the emergence in shigella species of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) that impart resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is a growing concern world-wide. so far, however, esbl-producing shigella have only been reported seven times, albeit from seven different countries. in lebanon, three esbl-producing clinical isolates of s. sonnei were recovered from 30 cases of shigellosis diagnosed between july 2004 and october 2005. all three were found to be resistant to amoxycillin, cefotax ... | 2007 | 17716434 |
| omptin proteins: an expanding family of outer membrane proteases in gram-negative enterobacteriaceae. | the escherichia coli k-12 outer membrane protein ompt is a prototype of a unique family of bacterial endopeptidases known as the omptins. this family includes ompt and ompp of e. coli, sopa of shigella flexneri, pgte of salmonella enterica, and pla of yersinia pestis. despite their sequence similarities, the omptins vary in their reported functions. the ompt protease is characterized by narrow cleavage specificity defined by the extracellular loops of the beta-barrel protruding above the lipid b ... | 2007 | 17710644 |
| brucella abortus requires the heme transporter bhua for maintenance of chronic infection in balb/c mice. | the gene annotated bab2_1150 in the brucella abortus 2308 genome sequence is predicted to encode a homolog of the well-characterized heme transporter shua of shigella dysenteriae and accordingly has been given the designation bhua (brucella heme utilization). phenotypic analysis of an isogenic bhua mutant derived from b. abortus 2308 verified that there is a link between bhua and the ability of the parent strain to use heme as an iron source in in vitro assays. maximum expression of bhua in b. a ... | 2007 | 17709407 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (rosmarinus officinalis l. and salvia officinalis l., lamiaceae) essential oils. | the essential oils of rosemary ( rosmarinus officinalis l.) and sage ( salvia officinalis l.) were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and 6 fungi, including candida albicans and 5 dermatomycetes. the most important antibacterial activity of both essential oils was expressed on escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, s. enteritidis, and shigella sonei. ... | 2007 | 17708648 |
| effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in persistent diarrhea in indian children: a randomized controlled trial. | to evaluate the role of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) as probiotic in persistent diarrhea (pd) in children of north bengal, india. | 2007 | 17700424 |
| differential regulation of caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and autophagy via ipaf and asc in shigella-infected macrophages. | shigella infection, the cause of bacillary dysentery, induces caspase-1 activation and cell death in macrophages, but the precise mechanisms of this activation remain poorly understood. we demonstrate here that caspase-1 activation and il-1beta processing induced by shigella are mediated through ipaf, a cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor (nlr) family, and the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containin ... | 2007 | 17696608 |
| use of the tna operon as a new molecular target for escherichia coli detection. | a quantitative real-time pcr targeting the tnaa gene was studied to detect escherichia coli and distinguish e. coli from shigella spp. these microorganisms revealed high similarity in the molecular organization of the tna operon. | 2007 | 17693560 |
| [intrafamilial outbreak of shigella flexneri gastroenteritis in madrid]. | 2007 | 17692266 | |
| [ekiri syndrome complicating shigellosis]. | 2007 | 17692219 | |
| explaining unexplained diarrhea and associating risks and infections. | gastrointestinal illnesses are common afflictions. however, knowledge of their etiology is often lacking. moreover, most cases of infections with reportable enteric pathogens (campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, cryptosporidia and giardia) have sporadic modes of acquisition, yet control measures are often biased towards mitigation of risks discerned by outbreak analysis. to determine the etiology of unexplained diarrhea it is important to study populat ... | 2007 | 17692144 |
| part ii. analysis of data gaps pertaining to shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005. | the global incidence of shigella infection has been estimated at 80-165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes occurring in the developing world. to identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the english-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. our review yielded 11 population-based studies of shigella burden from seven countries. no pop ... | 2008 | 17686195 |
| reduced selection leads to accelerated gene loss in shigella. | obligate pathogenic bacteria lose more genes relative to facultative pathogens, which, in turn, lose more genes than free-living bacteria. it was suggested that the increased gene loss in obligate pathogens may be due to a reduction in the effectiveness of purifying selection. less attention has been given to the causes of increased gene loss in facultative pathogens. | 2007 | 17686180 |
| postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: a long-term consequence of bacterial gastroenteritis. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a commonly diagnosed disease characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms that may be associated with psychological illness and emotional problems. the prevalence rate worldwide for ibs ranges from 10 to 20% and is higher for women than for men. ibs imposes a substantial financial burden on both patients and employers because of increased medical costs and decreased work productivity. recent studies indicate that inflammatory processes involving the gastrointestin ... | 2007 | 17685356 |
| outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. part 1. description of the problem, methods, and agents involved. | food workers in many settings have been responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks for decades, and there is no indication that this is diminishing. the committee on control of foodborne illnesses of the international association for food protection was tasked with collecting and evaluating any data on worker-associated outbreaks. a total of 816 reports with 80,682 cases were collected from events that occurred from 1927 until the first quarter of 2006. most of the outbreaks reviewed were from ... | 2007 | 17685355 |
| escherichia coli, shigella and salmonella species in acute diarrhoea in hamedan, islamic republic of iran. | this study investigated the frequency of escherichia col, shigella and salmonella species in stool specimens from patients with diarrhoea presenting to health centres in hamedan province, islamic republic of iran. from 144 samples, shigella strains were isolated in 17 cases (11.8%): 10 sh. flexneri, 3 sh. sonnei, 2 sh. boydii and 2 untyped strains. no salmonella strains were isolated. using molecular diagnostic methods, diarrheogenic e. coli were detected in 37 cases (25.7%), the majority were e ... | 2007 | 17684844 |
| serum sperm antibodies after diarrhoeal diseases. | the origin of 'natural' anti-sperm antibodies found in fertile humans, virgin girls, and boys before puberty, is quite obscure. one hypothetical mechanism relates their existence to inflammatory gastrointestinal entities: as a result of the disease, cross-reactive antibodies produced against gastrointestinal flora bind spermatozoa. to test this assumption, we evaluated the level of serum sperm antibodies after diarrhoeal infections. serum samples from 17 patients with shigellosis and 12 patients ... | 2007 | 17683470 |
| recent gene conversions between duplicated glutamate decarboxylase genes (gada and gadb) in pathogenic escherichia coli. | escherichia coli have evolved adaptive systems to resist strongly acidic habitats in part through the production of 2 biochemically identical isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gad), encoded by the gada and gadb genes. these genes occur in e. coli and other members of the genospecies (e.g., shigella spp.) and originated as part of a genomic fitness island acquired early in escherichia evolution. the present duplicated gad loci are widely spaced on the e. coli chromosome, and the 2 genes are 97 ... | 2007 | 17675652 |
| genes under positive selection in escherichia coli. | we used a comparative genomics approach to identify genes that are under positive selection in six strains of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri, including five strains that are human pathogens. we find that positive selection targets a wide range of different functions in the e. coli genome, including cell surface proteins such as beta barrel porins, presumably because of the involvement of these genes in evolutionary arms races with other bacteria, phages, and/or the host immune system. st ... | 2007 | 17675366 |
| prevalence of bacterial pathogens in biofilms of drinking water distribution systems. | water for human consumption is required to be free from any bacteria that might pose a health risk. the presence of biofilms in the drinking water distribution system may play a role in the presence of potential pathogens in the drinking water supply. ninety-five biofilm samples from various parts of south africa were tested for the presence of escherichia coli, aeromonas, pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella and vibrio spp. members of these genera were quantified by the three-tube most probable nu ... | 2007 | 17674571 |
| shigella flexneri phagosomal escape is independent of invasion. | infections with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri result in mucosal inflammation in response to epithelial cell invasion and macrophage cytotoxicity. these processes are mediated by type iii secretion systems encoded in homologous virulence loci in the two species, namely, salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1), carried in the genome, and the shigella entry region (ser), carried in a large virulence plasmid. here we show that spi-1 can functionally complement a del ... | 2007 | 17664266 |
| the acid-resistance pathways of shigella flexneri 2457t. | the stationary-phase acid-resistance pathways of shigella flexneri 2457t have not previously been studied. the two acid-resistance systems, the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (gdar) and the oxidative pathways, reported elsewhere for escherichia coli and s. flexneri 3136, were both detected in s. flexneri 2457t. however, s. flexneri 2457t cells grown overnight under fermentative conditions and acid-shocked in minimal media in the absence of glutamate, an acid test often described as a negati ... | 2007 | 17660423 |
| identification of minor inner-membrane components of the shigella type iii secretion system 'needle complex'. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss or secretons) are central virulence factors of many gram-negative bacteria, used to inject protein effectors of virulence into eukaryotic host cells. their overall morphology, consisting of a cytoplasmic region, an inner- and outer-membrane section and an extracellular needle, is conserved in various species. a portion of the secreton, containing the transmembrane regions and needle, has been isolated biochemically and termed the 'needle complex' (nc). however, ... | 2007 | 17660405 |
| anaerobic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence: arca regulates fur and iron acquisition genes. | invasion and plaque formation in epithelial monolayers are routinely used to assess the virulence of shigella flexneri, a causative agent of dysentery. a modified plaque assay was developed to identify factors contributing to the virulence of s. flexneri under the anaerobic conditions present in the colon. this assay demonstrated the importance of the ferrous iron transport system feo, as well as the global transcription factors fur, arca, and fnr, for shigella plaque formation in anoxic environ ... | 2007 | 17660284 |
| the two-faced role of cad genes in the virulence of pathogenic escherichia coli. | in enterobacteria, acid stress induces expression of the cad system which is involved in maintaining intracellular ph at levels compatible with cell survival. despite its crucial role, the cad operon is silenced in shigella and in other pathogenic escherichia coli. in the present review, we will address the question of why and how the cad locus has been sacrificed for the sake of optimal expression of virulence traits. | 2007 | 17656072 |
| [study on molecular epidemiology of shigella in hangzhou district during 1998 to 2005]. | 2007 | 17649701 | |
| report on a condition affecting foxes caused by shigella organisms. | 1950 | 17648461 | |
| high prevalence of ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among contacts of patients with shigellosis due to shigella flexneri carrying ctx-m-15. | 2007 | 17646198 | |
| drastic decrease of salmonella enteritidis isolated from humans in belgium in 2005, shift in phage types and influence on foodborne outbreaks. | in belgium, non-typhoidal salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are the two most frequently reported foodborne illnesses. during 2005, a 71% decrease of salmonella enteritidis infections compared with the average annual number cases in the period 2000-2004 was recorded by the belgian national reference centre for salmonella and shigella. after the peak of 1999, the total number of salmonellosis cases decreased gradually, with the exception of 2003 when an increase was again recorded due to the ri ... | 2008 | 17645812 |
| diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in hanoi, vietnam. | a case-control study was conducted to identify the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in pre-school children in a suburban area of hanoi where the use of untreated wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture is a common practice. stool specimens and clinical information were collected from 111 pairs of children with diarrhoea and healthy controls. a total of 73 cases (66 %) and 41 controls (36 %) had an enteric pathogen. the pathogens most often associated with diarrhoea were rotavirus (17 % of case ... | 2007 | 17644717 |
| changing resistance pattern of shigella isolates in a delhi hospital: an alarming trend. | 2004 | 17642737 | |
| study of predominant bacterial antigens triggering antibody response in salmonella reactive arthritis: apropos of a case. | reactive arthritis (rea) is a sterile arthritis triggered by distal mucosal infection, which suggests a contribution from bacterial products. the pathogenesis of rea is unclear. there are no international standards for the serological methods used to confirm rea. in the present work, we analyzed the predominant bacterial component that triggered an immune response in a 24-year-old woman with acute rea. the candidate bacterial trigger was investigated by measuring the antibacterial antibodies (al ... | 2007 | 17642539 |
| [prevalence of the bacteria causing diarrea in a rosario hospital, argentina]. | bacterial agents causing diarrea in patients attended in a hospital of rosario, argentina. the frequency of bacterial agents causing diarrhea can vary in patients of different areas, and through the time. in an epidemiological surveillance we studied 304 patients with diarrheal diseases looking for salmonella enterica, shigella spp, campylobacter spp, aeromonas spp, yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheogenic escherichia coli. c. jejuni was isolated in 30 patients (9,9 %), salmonella in 18 (5,9 % ... | 2006 | 17639815 |
| [prevention and treatment of acute diarrhea in infants]. | the prognosis of acute diarrhoea in infants is most often satisfactory in industrialized countries. however, it has been estimated that 10 to 15 children die every year in france from acute dehydration due to acute diarrhoea. in spite of an increasing use over the least few years, oral rehydration solutions (ors) are used in only 70% of infants presenting with acute diarrhoea. the use of homemade ors, plain water or fizzy drink should be strictly avoided. in case of acute diarrhoea there is no i ... | 2007 | 17629685 |
| core-linked lps expression of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen in live salmonella typhi vaccine vector ty21a: preclinical evidence of immunogenicity and protection. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (s. dysenteriae 1) causes severe shigellosis that is typically associated with high mortality. antibodies against shigella serotype-specific o-polysaccharide (o-ps) have been shown to be host protective. in this study, the rfb locus and the rfp gene with their cognate promoter regions were pcr-amplified from s. dysenteriae 1, cloned, and sequenced. deletion analysis showed that eight rfb orfs plus rfp are necessary for biosynthesis of this o-ps. a tandemly-linked ... | 2007 | 17629369 |
| site-specific modification of shigella flexneri virf mrna by trna-guanine transglycosylase in vitro. | shigella flexneri is an enteropathogen responsible for severe dysentery in humans. virf is a key transcriptional regulator that activates the expression of the downstream virulence factors required for cellular invasion and cell-to-cell spread of this pathogen. there are several environmental factors that induce the translation of virf including temperature, ph, osmolarity and post-transcriptional rna modification. durand and colleagues (vacc, a virulence-associated chromosomal locus of shigella ... | 2007 | 17626052 |
| detection of the causative agent of furunculusis, aeromonas salmonicida in salmonids of the krka river. | in this paper we describe the bacterial community associated with salmonids from the krka river. diversity analysis demonstrated that majority of the recovered bacteria were related to aeromonadaceae group. bacterial analysis also revealed the presence of shigella spp. and pseudomonas fluorescens. isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from trout, presents first isolation of this bacteria croatian rivers. | 2008 | 17624808 |
| distribution of serogroups and serotypes of multiple drug resistant shigella isolates. | summary | 2007 | 17622331 |
| differences in the electrostatic surfaces of the type iii secretion needle proteins prgi, bsal, and mxih. | gram-negative bacteria use a needle-like protein assembly, the type iii secretion apparatus, to inject virulence factors into target cells to initiate human disease. the needle is formed by the polymerization of approximately 120 copies of a small acidic protein that is conserved among diverse pathogens. we previously reported the structure of the bsal needle monomer from burkholderia pseudomallei by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and others have determined the crystal structure o ... | 2007 | 17617421 |
| prevalence of enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus and shigella spp. in some raw street vended indian foods. | in india, the street food trade is a growing sector with its expansion linked with urbanisation and the need of urban populations for both employment and food. however, the microbiological status of popularly consumed raw street foods, general hygienic and vending practices are not known. we visited 75 vendors (50 having fixed stalls and 25 with mobile stalls) operating in three major locations: mandi (open market place), bus terminus and railway station in new delhi and patiala city. a total of ... | 2007 | 17616871 |
| pathogenic bacteria associated with oysters (crassostrea brasiliana) and estuarine water along the south coast of brazil. | oysters and estuarine water samples were collected monthly, from june 1998 to march 1999, in the cananéia estuary, on the south coast of são paulo, brazil, and analyzed for bacterial hazards with and without depuration in filtered estuarine water. aeromonas spp., plesiomonas shigelloides, vibrio cholerae o1, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus were counted in oyster samples using the most probable number (mpn) and their presence verified in the surrounding estuarine water samples. the ... | 2007 | 17613090 |
| rapid and simultaneous quantitation of escherichia coli 0157:h7, salmonella, and shigella in ground beef by multiplex real-time pcr and immunomagnetic separation. | the objective of this study was to establish a multiplex real-time pcr for the simultaneous quantitation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella. genomic dna for the real-time pcr was extracted by the boiling method. three sets of primers and corresponding taqman probes were designed to target these three pathogenic bacteria. multiplex real-time pcr was performed with taqman universal pcr master mix in an abi prism 7700 sequence detection system. final standard curves were calculat ... | 2007 | 17612065 |
| in vitro activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and trace elements. | evidences supporting the introduction of metallic elements in several biological processes are rapidly accumulating. likewise, many drugs possess modified toxicological and pharmacological properties when in the form of metal complexes. in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various cephalosporins, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and ... | 2007 | 17604254 |
| risk areas and neighborhood-level risk factors for shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri. | annually, there are 165 million cases of shigellosis resulting in 1.1 million deaths in the developing world. two species of the causative agent, shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, are responsible for acute diarrheal illness. vaccines are being developed against both but many questions remain about the disease burden, distribution of species in space and time, and community-level risk factors. this study answers two questions. what are the differences in neighborhood-level risk factor ... | 2008 | 17602851 |
| introduction to united states department of agriculture vetnet: status of salmonella and campylobacter databases from 2004 through 2005. | in 2003 the united states department of agriculture established usda vetnet. it was modeled after pulsenet usa, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance. the objectives of usda vetnet are: to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to subtype zoonotic pathogens submitted to the animal arm of the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms); examine vetnet and pulsenet pfge patterns; and use the data for surveillance and investigation of suspe ... | 2007 | 17600492 |
| nada and nadb of shigella flexneri 5a are antivirulence loci responsible for the synthesis of quinolinate, a small molecule inhibitor of shigella pathogenicity. | the evolution of bacterial pathogens from commensal organisms involves virulence gene acquisition followed by pathoadaptation to the new host, including inactivation of antivirulence loci (avl). avl are core ancestral genes whose expression is incompatible with the pathogenic lifestyle. previous studies identified cada (encoding lysine decarboxylase) as an avl of shigella spp. in this study, avl of shigella were identified by examining a phenotypic difference from its non-pathogenic ancestor, es ... | 2007 | 17600080 |
| analysis of the aerobactin and ferric hydroxamate uptake systems of yersinia pestis. | yersinia pestis genomes contain genes homologous to the aerobactin receptor (iuta) and biosynthetic genes (iucabcd) as well as the ferric hydroxamate uptake system (fhucdb) of escherichia coli. however, iuca is disrupted by a frameshift mutation. an e. coli strain carrying the cloned y. pestis aerobactin region was unable to produce aerobactin, but could use the siderophore as an iron source. repair of the frameshift mutation in iuca did not allow aerobactin production in e. coli or y. pestis. i ... | 2007 | 17600077 |
| [study of antibiotic sensitivity of diarrheal microorganisms]. | as it was shown previously, detailed bacteriological analyses of 159 strains, among them museum and newly isolated strains of diarrheal patients from various clinics and bacteriology laboratories of tbilisi was carried out. study of antibiotic susceptibility of 52 strains of salmonella groups a, b, c, d, e and 42 shigella strains, among them 30 shigella flexneri and 12 shigella sonnei strains to 20 antibiotics and 1 chemical preparation was performed. 63% of salmonella strains were susceptible t ... | 2007 | 17595461 |
| [identification and characterization of diarrheal microorganisms]. | acute diarrhea belongs to group of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms - salmonella, shigella and pathogenic strains of e.coli. despite the prophylactic measurements morbidity rate of diarrheal diseases remains very high especially in children and in traveling persons. among the main causes of illness is emerging of new strains of microorganisms, new serological versions of already known pathogens or antibiotic resistant strains of these pathogens. struggle against the resistant forms o ... | 2007 | 17595460 |
| etiology of bacterial diarrhea in a major referral center in saudi arabia. | a total of 34, 856 stool specimens from 19, 437 patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis were analyzed for bacterial enteropathogens during the period of january 1, 1985, to december 31, 1989, at a major tertiary care referral hospital in saudi arabia. bacterial pathogens were isolate from 1426 (7.3%) patients, with salmonella being the most frequent (3.8%), followed by campylobacter (2.0%), shigella (1.1%), and aeromonas hydrophila (0.34%). salmonella serogroups b and c and shigella b and d co ... | 1991 | 17590814 |
| genetic relatedness among isolates of shigella sonnei carrying class 2 integrons in tehran, iran, 2002-2003. | shigella spp. are major cause of diarrhoeal disease in both developing and developed countries. shigella sonnei is the serogroup of shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. in recent years the emergence and spread of s. sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integron have been frequently reported in many countries. recently, s. sonnei has been reported as the prevalent serogroup of shigella in iran. the present study was carried out to investiga ... | 2007 | 17587439 |
| shigella flexneri bacteriuria in a saudi child. | 1992 | 17587005 | |
| genetic structure of the nada and nadb antivirulence loci in shigella spp. | comparison of nada and nadb in 14 shigella strains and enteroinvasive escherichia coli versus e. coli showed that at least one locus is altered in all strains. these observations explain the characteristic nicotinic acid auxotrophy of shigella organisms and are consistent with the previously identified antivirulence nature of these genes for these pathogens. | 2007 | 17586625 |
| a deafness-associated mutant human connexin 26 improves the epithelial barrier in vitro. | a large proportion of recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss is due to mutations in the gjb2 gene encoding connexin 26 (cx26), a component of a gap junction. within different ethnic groups there are specific common recessive mutations, each with a relatively high carrier frequency, suggesting the possibility of heterozygous advantage. carriers of the r143w gjb2 allele, the most prevalent in the african population, present with a thicker epidermis than noncarriers. in this study, we show that (r143w ... | 2007 | 17581693 |
| emerging resistance to newer antimicrobial agents among shigella isolated from finnish foreign travellers. | in finland, most cases of shigellosis are related to travel abroad. antimicrobial drug resistance of 1814 shigella strains isolated from finnish patients during 1990-2005 was studied using discs of 12 antimicrobial agents. since 2000, the e-test has been performed to determine ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates. the proportion of multi-resistant strains (resistant to >or =4 antimicrobials) was highest among isolates from china and india, but is i ... | 2008 | 17578602 |
| serotyping, pcr, phage-typing and antibiotic sensitivity testing of salmonella serovars isolated from urban drinking water supply systems of nepal. | to study the occurrence and diversity of salmonella serovars in urban water supply systems of nepal. | 2007 | 17576218 |
| dna sequencing of a pathogenicity-related plasmid of an avian septicemic escherichia coli strain. | a 43-mda conjugative plasmid isolated from an avian septicemic escherichia coli (apec) strain possessing genes related to the adhesion and invasion capacities of in vitro-cultured cells was sequenced. the results demonstrated that the 43-mda plasmid harbors bacterial pathogenicity-related sequences which probably allow the wild-type pathogenic strain to adhere to and invade tissues and to cause septicemia in poultry. the existence of homology sequences to sequences belonging to other human patho ... | 2007 | 17573664 |
| preparation and characterization of translocator/chaperone complexes and their component proteins from shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri causes a severe form of bacillary dysentery also known as shigellosis. onset of shigellosis requires bacterial invasion of colonic epithelial cells which is initiated by the delivery of translocator and effector proteins to the host cell membrane and cytoplasm, respectively, by the shigella type iii secretion system (ttss). the shigella translocator proteins, ipab and ipac, form a pore complex in the host cell membrane to facilitate effector delivery; however, prior to their se ... | 2007 | 17571858 |
| antimicrobial activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes. | thirty-four thiosemicarbazones and s-alkyl thiosemicarbazones, and some of their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes were obtained and purified to investigate antimicrobial activity. mic values of the compounds were determined by the disc diffusion method against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, and candida albicans. the thiosemicarbazones show antibacterial and antifungal effec ... | 2007 | 17571790 |
| novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in shigella sonnei. | 2007 | 17561568 | |
| the inner gel component of aloe vera suppresses bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells. | the present study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the inner leaf gel component of aloe barbadensis miller. a simple in vitro assay was designed to determine the effect of the inner gel on bacterial-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, namely tnf-alpha and il-1 beta, from peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with shigella flexneri or lps. this report describes the suppression of both cytokines with a freeze-dried inner gel powder and a commercial health dri ... | 2007 | 17560326 |
| screening methods used to determine the anti-microbial properties of aloe vera inner gel. | the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains is a growing problem and is an important concern for patients, physicians, healthcare managers, and policymakers as it results in poorer health and economic outcomes. this has led to an urgent global call for new antimicrobial drugs, particularly from natural resources. we have been studying the antimicrobial properties of the inner leaf gel component of aloe barbadensis miller and have used a number of different, simple in vitro assays to ... | 2007 | 17560318 |
| clinical trials of shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road. | more than 50 years of research has yielded numerous shigella vaccine candidates that have exemplified both the promise of vaccine-induced prevention of shigellosis and the impediments to developing a safe and effective vaccine for widespread use, a goal that has yet to be attained. this review discusses the most advanced strategies for shigella vaccine development, the immune responses that are elicited following disease or vaccination, the factors that have accelerated or impeded shigella vacci ... | 2007 | 17558427 |
| emergence of shiga toxin 1 genes within shigella dysenteriae type 4 isolates from travelers returning from the island of hispañola. | shiga toxins are produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and certain strains of escherichia coli. three cases of shiga toxin-producing s. dysenteriae type 4 were identified among travelers to the island of hispañola between 2002 and 2005. clinical and public health practitioners should be aware of this newly identified strain. | 2007 | 17556630 |
| ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, washington state. | 2007 | 17552121 | |
| genetic flux over time in the salmonella lineage. | dna sequences that are shared between closely related organisms while being absent from their common ancestor and from sister lineages of that ancestor are likely to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. over time, the composition of those sequences tends to become more similar to the compositional signature of their host (amelioration). | 2007 | 17547764 |
| control and regulation of kple1 prophage site-specific recombination: a new recombination module analyzed. | kple1 is one of the 10 prophage regions of escherichia coli k12, located at 2464 kb on the chromosome. kple1 is defective for lysis, but it is fully competent for excisive recombination. in this study, we have mapped the binding sites of the recombination proteins, namely ints, tori, and ihf on attl and attr, and the organization of these sites suggests that the intasome is architecturally different from the lambda canonical form. we also measured the relative contribution of these proteins to b ... | 2007 | 17545146 |
| different probiotic properties for lactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from swine and poultry. | systematic procedures were used to evaluate the probiotic properties of lactobacillus fermentum (l. fermentum) strains isolated from swine and poultry. the major properties included their capabilities to adhere to the intestinal epithelium of swine and poultry, the inhibition on pathogenic bacteria, and their tolerance to the gastric juice and bile salts. results showed that l. fermentum strains from poultry digestive tract showed better adherence to the swine intestine and chicken crop epitheli ... | 2007 | 17544731 |
| [using neosmectin in the complex therapy of patients with acute intestinal infections]. | 2007 | 17539357 | |
| a comparative assessment of the antimicrobial effects of garlic (allium sativum) and antibiotics on diarrheagenic organisms. | antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out on escherichia coli, shigella sp, salmonella sp, and proteus mirabilis using standard procedures. significant differences (p < 0.01) were seen in the effect of the antimicrobial agents (garlic, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin), and in the sensitivities of the microbial species (p < 0.01) to the antimicrobial agents were observed. the gram-negative diarrheagenic pathogens from the stool samples were highly sensitive to garlic, while ciprofloxacin (cpx ... | 2007 | 17539285 |
| plasmids derived from gifsy-1/gifsy-2, lambdoid prophages contributing to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: implications for the evolution of replication initiation proteins of lambdoid phages and enterobacteria. | gifsy-1 and gifsy-2 are lambdoid prophages which contribute to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the nucleotide sequence of the replication region of both prophages is identical, and similar in organization to the replication region of bacteriophage lambda. to investigate the replication of the gifsy phages and the relationship between gifsy and host chromosome replication, a plasmid which contained all the genes and regulatory sequences required for autonomous replicatio ... | 2007 | 17526845 |
| icsa surface presentation in shigella flexneri requires the periplasmic chaperones degp, skp, and sura. | a shigella flexneri degp mutant, which was defective for plaque formation in henle cell monolayers, had a reduced amount of icsa detectable on the bacterial surface with antibody. however, the mutant secreted icsa to the outer membrane at wild-type levels. this suggests that icsa adopts an altered conformation in the outer membrane of the degp mutant with reduced exposure on the cell surface. icsa is, therefore, unlikely to be accessible to actin-nucleating proteins within the eukaryotic cell cy ... | 2007 | 17526712 |
| crystal structures of trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) in complex with novel and potent inhibitors unravel pronounced induced-fit adaptations and suggest dimer formation upon substrate binding. | the bacterial trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is a trna modifying enzyme catalyzing the exchange of guanine 34 by the modified base preq1. the enzyme is involved in the infection pathway of shigella, causing bacterial dysentery. as no crystal structure of the shigella enzyme is available the homologous zymomonas mobilis tgt was used for structure-based drug design resulting in new, potent, lin-benzoguanine-based inhibitors. thorough kinetic studies show size-dependent inhibition of these com ... | 2007 | 17524419 |
| [shigellosis in karachaevo-cherkes republic in 1996-2005]. | incidence and etiologic structure of shigellosis in karachaevo-cherkes republic for 10 years are analyzed and compared with same characteristics in russia overall. sharp rise of shigellosis cases number is detected in 2003-2005 as well as predominance of shigella sonnei represented by biovar ilg. it was shown that shigella strains with different resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol circulate in karachaevo-cherkes republic. | 2007 | 17523488 |
| [mathematical modeling and prognosis of incidence of enteric anthroponoses with aqueous route of transmission]. | using data on long-term dynamics of epidemic process of acute enteric infections enteric with aqueous route of transmission (typhoid fever, shigellosis caused by shigella flexneri, hepatitis a, rotavirus gastroenteritis, etc.)the equation of regression was developed with the help of chebyshev's polynoms. predicted incidences of these infections for 2005 were on 61.2-99.5% in agree with the real ones on two territories of north region of west siberia. predicted incidence for 2006 is reflecting te ... | 2007 | 17523473 |
| rapid engineering of bacterial reporter gene fusions by using red recombination. | reporter gene fusions are essential tools for the investigation of gene regulation. such fusions are traditionally generated by transposon mutagenesis and identified by a suitable selection procedure. alternatively, specific reporter fusions can be generated by cloning of dna fragments containing promoters or other regulatory elements in reporter plasmids. here, we describe a novel approach for the rapid generation of reporter gene fusions in single copies at defined positions in bacterial genom ... | 2007 | 17513596 |
| bacterial reduction of selenate to elemental selenium utilizing molasses as a carbon source. | selecting an inexpensive and effective organic carbon source is the key to reducing the cost in selenium (se) remediation. five bacteria were screened based on their ability in using molasses as an organic carbon source to reduce selenate [se(vi)] in drainage water. efficiency of se removal differed in the molasses-added drainage water containing different bacteria, with an order of enterobacter taylorae>pantoea sp. sss2>klebsiella sp. wrs2>citerobacter freundii>shigella sp. dw2. by using e. tay ... | 2008 | 17512724 |
| etiologic agents of diarrhea in solid organ recipients. | after transplantation, diarrhea may be caused by infectious agents, drug-specific effects, metabolic conditions, or mechanical complications of surgery. determining the cause helps to determine whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy and the duration of treatment. in this study we aimed to determine the causes of diarrhea in kidney or liver recipients. fifty-two diarrhea episodes among 43 solid organ recipients were evaluated. the cause of diarrhea was detected in 43 patients (82.6%). infectio ... | 2007 | 17511817 |
| identification of a group of shigella-like isolates as shigella boydii 20. | infections by shigella species are an important cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. of 4198 shigella isolates received by the french national reference centre for escherichia coli and shigella, 180 from patients with diarrhoea and dysentery in 2000-2004 did not react with any available polyclonal rabbit antisera used to identify the established shigella serogroups. this study describes the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of these isolates in seroagglutination tests, molecular serotyp ... | 2007 | 17510258 |
| epidemiology and evolution of genotype and antimicrobial resistance of an imported shigella sonnei clone circulating in central taiwan. | shigella sonnei replaced shigella flexneri to become the predominant species for shigellosis in 2001 to 2003 in central taiwan. a total of 425 s. sonnei isolates collected from 1996 to 2004 were available for characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), inter-is1 spacer typing (ist), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the results showed that at least 21 ist clones had emerged for the s. sonnei infections in 1996 to 2004. most ist clones lasted for a short time; some circul ... | 2007 | 17509797 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy offered by a ribosomal-based vaccine from shigella flexneri 2a. | shigellosis is a major form of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella infection. shigella ribosome-based vaccines (srv), considered among the potent vaccine candidates, are composed of o-antigen and ribosome isolated from s. flexneri 2a. to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of srv, mice were vaccinated with srv via the intranasal (i.n.) route. interestingly, robust levels of shigella-derived lps-specific igg and iga abs and antibody-forming cells were elicited in systemic an ... | 2007 | 17507120 |
| relationships between bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators. | occurrence and prevalence of different bacterial enteric pathogens as well as their relationships with conventional (total and fecal coliforms) and alternative fecal indicators (host-specific bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers) were investigated for various water samples taken from different sites with different degrees of fecal contamination. the results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens could be detected in both municipal wastewater treatment plant samples and in surface water ... | 2007 | 17507075 |
| [pathogens trapped in neutrophils nets]. | 2007 | 17502056 | |
| metal-based antibacterial and antifungal agents: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), and zn(ii) complexes with amino acid-derived compounds. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal amino acid-derived compounds and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii), and zinc(ii) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, and ir, and electronic spectral measurements. ligands (l(1))-(l(5)) were derived by condensation of beta-diketones with glycine, phenylalanine, valine, and histidine and act as bidentate towards metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc) via the ... | 2006 | 17497020 |
| [bacillary dysentery shigellosis]. | 2007 | 17491367 | |
| [analysis about epidemic situation of dysentery near upon fourteen years in beijing]. | to realize the epidemiological and drug-resistance characteristics of dysentery during 1990 to 2003 in beijing. | 2007 | 17484213 |
| [pfge of shigella flexneri 4c isolates from food-poisoning outbreaks and sporadic diarrhea patients]. | to know the molecular characteristic of shigella flexneri 4c isolates from patients in two food-poisoning outbreaks and one sporadic diarrhea case in hangzhou, china. | 2007 | 17484212 |
| mutations in the gyra subunit of dna gyrase and the parc subunit of topoisomerase iv in clinical strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella in anhui, china. | in this research 26 shigella isolates were examined by pcr and direct nucleotide sequencing for genetic alterations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (qrdrs). we tested for the presence of qnr genes by pcr in 91 strains, but no qnr genes were found. the results did show, however, some novel mutations at codon 83 of gyra (ser-->ile) and codon 64 of parc (ala64-->cys, ala64-->asp), which were related to fluroquinolone resistance. | 2007 | 17483803 |
| protective role of lactobacilli in shigella dysenteriae 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | studies on lactic acid bacteria exemplify their use against various enteropathogens in vitro. nevertheless, in vivo effects of lactobacillus during shigella infection have not been evaluated. the present study evaluated the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus on neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation during shigella dysenteriae 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | 2007 | 17483010 |
| effects of heating, storage, and ultraviolet exposure on antimicrobial activity of garlic juice. | this study was designed to investigate the effect of heating, storage, and ultraviolet exposure on antimicrobial activity of garlic juice and its bacteriocidal activity against common human pathogens. antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic juice was tested against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus hemolyticus b, s. hemolyticus a, klebsiella sp., shigella dysenteriae, and candida albicans using the disc method. the dilution method was performed by addition of garlic juice to ... | 2007 | 17472490 |
| rotavirus mortality confirmed by etiologic identification in venezuelan children with diarrhea. | hospital-based studies to determine the etiology of deaths from diarrhea are scarce. in this study, we specifically analyzed deaths due to rotavirus to assess the rotavirus impact on diarrhea mortality. | 2007 | 17468648 |
| sensitivity of escherichia albertii, a potential food-borne pathogen, to food preservation treatments. | escherichia albertii is a potential food-borne pathogen because of its documented ability to cause diarrheal disease by producing attachment and effacement lesions. its tolerances to heat (56 degrees c), acid (ph 3.0), and pressure (500 mpa [5 min]) were evaluated and found to be significantly less than those of wild-type e. coli o157:h7. | 2007 | 17468283 |
| erythema nodosum associated with shigella colitis in a 7-year-old boy. | 2007 | 17459754 | |
| ubiquitin trafficking to the lysosome: keeping the house tidy and getting rid of unwanted guests. | bacterial killing by autophagic delivery to the lysosomal compartment has been shown for mycobacteria, streptococcus, shigella, legionella and salmonella, indicating an important role for this conserved trafficking pathway for the control of intracellular bacterial pathogens.(1-5) in a recent study we found that solubilized lysosomes isolated from bone marrow-derived macrophages had potent antibacterial properties against m. tuberculosis and m. smegmatis that were associated with ubiquitin and u ... | 2007 | 17457035 |
| [current status of multi-drug resistant bacteria in infectious diarrheal diseases and its control]. | 2007 | 17455674 |