Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular mechanisms underlying the close association between soil burkholderia and fungi. | bacterial species belonging to the genus burkholderia have been repeatedly reported to be associated with fungi but the extent and specificity of these associations in soils remain undetermined. to assess whether associations between burkholderia and fungi are widespread in soils, we performed a co-occurrence analysis in an intercontinental soil sample collection. this revealed that burkholderia significantly co-occurred with a wide range of fungi. to analyse the molecular basis of the interacti ... | 2015 | 25989372 |
| diagnosis by inclusion. | 2008 | 25983932 | |
| the pho regulon: a huge regulatory network in bacteria. | one of the most important achievements of bacteria is its capability to adapt to the changing conditions of the environment. the competition for nutrients with other microorganisms, especially in the soil, where nutritional conditions are more variable, has led bacteria to evolve a plethora of mechanisms to rapidly fine-tune the requirements of the cell. one of the essential nutrients that are normally found in low concentrations in nature is inorganic phosphate (pi). bacteria, as well as other ... | 2015 | 25983732 |
| biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. | in the past decade, extracellular vesicles (evs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. this is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. while intensive investigation has targeted the role of evs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the ev-mediated ... | 2015 | 25979354 |
| potential transmission pathways of streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus. | streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (s. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus), a member of group d streptococci, is an inhabitant of the animal and human gastrointestinal tract. furthermore, it is a facultative pathogen which causes e.g. endocarditis, septicemia and mastitis. s. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between animals and humans. however, the transmission routes are an unsolved issue. in this study, we present systematic analyses o ... | 2015 | 25978355 |
| prevalence of classic, mlb-clade and va-clade astroviruses in kenya and the gambia. | infectious diarrhea leads to significant mortality in children, with 40 % of these deaths occurring in africa. classic human astroviruses are a well-established etiology of diarrhea. in recent years, seven novel astroviruses have been discovered (mlb1, mlb2, mlb3, va1/hmo-c, va2/hmo-b, va3/hmo-a, va4); however, there have been few studies on their prevalence or potential association with diarrhea. | 2015 | 25975198 |
| an integrative view of microbiome-host interactions in inflammatory bowel diseases. | the intestinal microbiota, which is composed of bacteria, viruses, and micro-eukaryotes, acts as an accessory organ system with distinct functions along the intestinal tract that are critical for health. this review focuses on how the microbiota drives intestinal disease through alterations in microbial community architecture, disruption of the mucosal barrier, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system. inflammatory bowel disease is used as a model ... | 2015 | 25974300 |
| structural biology of bacterial rna polymerase. | since its discovery and characterization in the early 1960s (hurwitz, j. the discovery of rna polymerase. j. biol. chem. 2005, 280, 42477-42485), an enormous amount of biochemical, biophysical and genetic data has been collected on bacterial rna polymerase (rnap). in the late 1990s, structural information pertaining to bacterial rnap has emerged that provided unprecedented insights into the function and mechanism of rna transcription. in this review, i list all structures related to bacterial rn ... | 2015 | 25970587 |
| development and validation of a biomarker for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in human subjects. | diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is diagnosed through clinical criteria after excluding "organic" conditions, and can be precipitated by acute gastroenteritis. cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is produced by bacteria that cause acute gastroenteritis, and a post-infectious animal model demonstrates that host antibodies to cdtb cross-react with vinculin in the host gut, producing an ibs-like phenotype. therefore, we assessed circulating anti-cdtb and anti-vinculin antibodies ... | 2015 | 25970536 |
| perr controls oxidative stress defence and aerotolerance but not motility-associated phenotypes of campylobacter jejuni. | the foodborne bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni is an obligate microaerophile that is exposed to atmospheric oxygen during transmission through the food chain. survival under aerobic conditions requires the concerted control of oxidative stress systems, which in c. jejuni are intimately connected with iron metabolism via the perr and fur regulatory proteins. here, we have characterized the roles of c. jejuni perr in oxidative stress and motility phenotypes, and its regulon at the level of ... | 2015 | 25968890 |
| clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-dependent, biofilm-specific death of pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated by increased expression of phage-related genes. | the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated (crispr/cas) system is an adaptive immune system present in many archaea and bacteria. crispr/cas systems are incredibly diverse, and there is increasing evidence of crispr/cas systems playing a role in cellular functions distinct from phage immunity. previously, our laboratory reported one such alternate function in which the type 1-f crispr/cas system of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa str ... | 2015 | 25968642 |
| vaccines against enteric infections for the developing world. | since the first licensure of the sabin oral polio vaccine more than 50 years ago, only eight enteric vaccines have been licensed for four disease indications, and all are given orally. while mucosal vaccines offer programmatically attractive tools for facilitating vaccine deployment, their development remains hampered by several factors: -limited knowledge regarding the properties of the gut immune system during early life; -lack of mucosal adjuvants, limiting mucosal vaccine development to live ... | 2015 | 25964464 |
| a community-based gastroenteritis outbreak after typhoon haiyan, leyte, philippines, 2013. | three weeks after typhoon haiyan, an increasing number of acute gastroenteritis cases were reported in kananga, leyte, an area where evacuated residents had returned home two days after the disaster. an outbreak investigation was conducted to identify the source and risk factors associated with the increase of gastroenteritis. | 2015 | 25960917 |
| genetic diversity and host associations in campylobacter jejuni from human cases and broilers in 2000 and 2008. | campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen, with a global distribution. it can colonize numerous host species, including both domestic and wild animals, but is particularly associated with birds (poultry and wild birds). for human campylobacteriosis, poultry products are deemed the most significant risk factor for acquiring infection. we conducted a genotyping and host attribution study of a large representative collection of c. jejuni isolated from humans and broilers in sweden in ... | 2015 | 25960333 |
| studies on tridecaptin b(1), a lipopeptide with activity against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria. | previously other groups had reported that paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30507 produces srcam 37, a type iia bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against campylobacter jejuni. genome sequencing and isolation of antimicrobial compounds from this p. polymyxa strain show that the antimicrobial activity is due to polymyxins and tridecaptin b1. the complete structural assignment, synthesis, and antimicrobial profile of tridecaptin b1 is reported, as well as the putative gene cluster responsible for ... | 2015 | 25959079 |
| extensive characterization of campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates to uncover genes involved in the ability to compete for gut colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is responsible for human foodborne enteritis. this bacterium is a remarkable colonizer of the chicken gut, with some strains outcompeting others for colonization. to better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to extensively characterize the phenotypic performance of c. jejuni chicken strains and associate their gut colonizing ability with specific genes. | 2015 | 25958385 |
| reactive arthritis in relation to internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: a case control study. | the aim of this study was to find out if reactive arthritis was involved in the aetiology of chronic closed lock of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) by looking for bacterial antigens in the synovial membrane of the tmj, and by studying the antibody serology and carriage of human leucocyte antigen (hla) b27 in patients with chronic closed lock. patients with reciprocal clicking and healthy subjects acted as controls. we studied a total of 43 consecutive patients, 15 with chronic closed lock, 13 ... | 2015 | 25957137 |
| genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy and diseased ostriches (struthio camelus). | clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich (struthio camelus). necrotic enteritis (ne) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (gi) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by c. perfringens. pathogenicity and lesions are correlated with the toxins produced, thus toxin typing of the bacterium has diagnostic and epidemiological significance. the ... | 2014 | 25954489 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef meat in poland between 2009 and 2013. | the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacter in poultry, pork, and beef meat at the retail level and to identify the main categories of meat representing the most significant reservoirs of campylobacter. a monitoring study was conducted throughout poland from 2009 to 2013. a total of 1,700 fresh meat samples were collected from supermarkets, large retail outlets, and smaller stores. thermophilic campylobacter species were detected in 690 (49.3%) ... | 2015 | 25951401 |
| development of a comparative genomic fingerprinting assay for rapid and high resolution genotyping of arcobacter butzleri. | molecular typing methods are critical for epidemiological investigations, facilitating disease outbreak detection and source identification. study of the epidemiology of the emerging human pathogen arcobacter butzleri is currently hampered by the lack of a subtyping method that is easily deployable in the context of routine epidemiological surveillance. in this study we describe a comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) method for high-resolution and high-throughput subtyping of a. butzleri. co ... | 2015 | 25947176 |
| crispr diversity in e. coli isolates from australian animals, humans and environmental waters. | seventy four snp genotypes and 54 e. coli genomes from kangaroo, tasmanian devil, reptile, cattle, dog, horse, duck, bird, fish, rodent, human and environmental water sources were screened for the presence of the crispr 2.1 loci flanked by cas2 and iap genes. crispr 2.1 regions were found in 49% of the strains analysed. the majority of human e. coli isolates lacked the crispr 2.1 locus. we described 76 crispr 2.1 positive isolates originating from australian animals and humans, which contained a ... | 2015 | 25946192 |
| structure of cryptosporidium imp dehydrogenase bound to an inhibitor with in vivo antiparasitic activity. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) is a promising target for the treatment of cryptosporidium infections. here, the structure of c. parvum impdh (cpimpdh) in complex with inosine 5'-monophosphate (imp) and p131, an inhibitor with in vivo anticryptosporidial activity, is reported. p131 contains two aromatic groups, one of which interacts with the hypoxanthine ring of imp, while the second interacts with the aromatic ring of a tyrosine in the adjacent subunit. in addition, the amine an ... | 2015 | 25945705 |
| structures of bacteroides fragilis uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (bflpxa). | uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (lpxa) catalyzes a reversible reaction for adding an o-acyl group to the glcnac in udp-glcnac in the first step of lipid a biosynthesis. lipid a constitutes a major component of lipopolysaccharides, also referred to as endotoxins, which form the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ligand-free and udp-glcnac-bound crystal structures of lpxa from bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343, the most common path ... | 2015 | 25945572 |
| interplay of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori with toll-like receptors. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are crucial for pathogen recognition and downstream signaling to induce effective immunity. the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is a paradigm of persistent bacterial infections and chronic inflammation in humans. the chronicity of inflammation during h. pylori infection is related to the manipulation of regulatory cytokines. in general, the early detection of h. pylori by tlrs and other pattern recognition receptors (prrs) is believed to induce a regulatory cytoki ... | 2015 | 25945326 |
| genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of immune genes in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), is a destructive pest that attacks cruciferous crops worldwide. immune responses are important for interactions between insects and pathogens and information on these underpins the development of strategies for biocontrol-based pest management. little, however, is known about immune genes and their regulation patterns in p. xylostella. a total of 149 immune-related genes in 20 gene families were identified through comparison of p. xylostella genome ... | 2015 | 25943446 |
| impact of disinfectant wipes on the risk of campylobacter jejuni infection during raw chicken preparation in domestic kitchens. | in the present study, we conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment forecasting the exposure to campylobacter jejuni contaminated surfaces during preparation of chicken fillets and how using a disinfectant-wipe intervention to clean a contaminated work area decreases the risk of infection following the preparation of raw chicken fillet in a domestic kitchen. | 2015 | 25939813 |
| microbial food safety: potential of dna extraction methods for use in diagnostic metagenomics. | the efficiency of ten widely applied dna extraction protocols was evaluated for suitability for diagnostic metagenomics. the protocols were selected based on a thorough literature study. chicken fecal samples inoculated with about 1×10(3) and 1×10(6) cfu/g campylobacter jejuni were used as a model. the evaluation was performed based on total dna yield measured by fluorometry, and quality and quantity of c. jejuni dna measured by real-time pcr. there was up to a 25-fold variance between the lowes ... | 2015 | 25937085 |
| comparison of epidemiologically linked campylobacter jejuni isolated from human and poultry sources. | campylobacter jejuni is responsible for most foodborne bacterial infections worldwide including australia. the aim of this study was to investigate a combination of typing methods in the characterization of c. jejuni isolated from clinical diarrhoeal samples (n = 20) and chicken meat (n = 26) in order to identify the source of infection and rank isolates based on their relative risk to humans. sequencing of the flaa short variable region demonstrated that 86% of clinical isolates had genotypes t ... | 2015 | 25936829 |
| targeting surface-layer proteins with single-domain antibodies: a potential therapeutic approach against clostridium difficile-associated disease. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal infections in north america. antibiotic therapy is effective, but the high incidence of relapse and the rise in hypervirulent strains warrant the search for novel treatments. surface layer proteins (slps) cover the entire c. difficile bacterial surface, are composed of high-molecular-weight (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) subunits, and mediate adherence to host cells. passive and active immunization against slps has enh ... | 2015 | 25936376 |
| the intestinal microbiota influences campylobacter jejuni colonization and extraintestinal dissemination in mice. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. the interactions between this pathogen and the intestinal microbiome within a host are of interest as endogenous intestinal microbiota mediates a form of resistance to the pathogen. this resistance, termed colonization resistance, is the ability of commensal microbiota to prevent colonization by exogenous pathogens or opportunistic commensals. although mice normally demonstrate colonization resistance to c. jej ... | 2015 | 25934624 |
| la35 poultry fecal marker persistence is correlated with that of indicators and pathogens in environmental waters. | disposal of fecally contaminated poultry litter by land application can deliver pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (fib) into receiving waters via runoff. while water quality is regulated by fib enumeration, fib testing provides inadequate information about contamination source and health risk. this microbial source tracking (mst) study compared the persistence of the brevibacterium sp. strain la35 16s rrna gene (marker) for poultry litter with that of pathogens and fib under outdoor, enviro ... | 2015 | 25934617 |
| the role of probiotics in the inhibition of campylobacter jejuni colonization and virulence attenuation. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenterocolitis worldwide, leading to diarrhea and other serious post-infectious complications. probiotics form an attractive alternative intervention strategy for most of the enteric infections. however, the role of probiotics in c. jejuni infections requires detailed investigations in order to delineate the probiotic strains that are effective against c. jejuni. although there are several biological mechanisms involve ... | 2015 | 25934376 |
| how do base-pairing small rnas evolve? | the increasing numbers of characterized base-pairing small rnas (srnas) and the identification of these regulators in a broad range of bacteria are allowing comparisons between species and explorations of srna evolution. in this review, we describe some examples of trans-encoded base-pairing srnas that are species-specific and others that are more broadly distributed. we also describe examples of srna orthologs where different features are conserved. these examples provide the background for a d ... | 2015 | 25934120 |
| multiplex real-time pcr method for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of clostridium difficile from stool samples. | the aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 25932438 |
| real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from clinical samples. | timely accurate diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) infections is important. we evaluated a laboratory-developed real-time pcr (ld-pcr) assay targeting stx1, stx2, and rfbeo157 with 2,386 qualifying stool samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care pediatric center between july 2011 and december 2013. broth cultures of pcr-positive samples were tested for shiga toxins by enzyme immunoassay (eia) (immunocard stat! enterohemorrhagic e. coli [ehec]; me ... | 2015 | 25926491 |
| spinal hydatidosis mimicking guillain barre syndrome: in case of doubt there is no rush to perform lumbar puncture. | guillain barre syndrome (gbs) is a challenging pathology which diagnosis is based essentially on the clinical examination and the results of lumbar puncture. differential diagnosis must be discussed if the clinical picture is not complete. we present the case of a patient who presented to the emergency department with symptoms evoking both gbs and spinal cord compression. the radiology showed a diffused spinal hydatidosis. the lumbar puncture must be carefully considered. in this case, it would ... | 2014 | 25922637 |
| molecular pathogenesis of malt lymphoma. | approximately 8% of all non-hodgkin lymphomas are extranodal marginal zone b cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt), also known as malt lymphoma, which was first described in 1983 by isaacson and wright. malt lymphomas arise at a wide range of different extranodal sites, with the highest frequency in the stomach, followed by lung, ocular adnexa, and thyroid, and with a low percentage in the small intestine. interestingly, at least 3 different, apparently site-specific, chromos ... | 2015 | 25922601 |
| the smeyz efflux pump of stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to drug resistance, virulence-related characteristics, and virulence in mice. | the resistance-nodulation-division (rnd)-type efflux pump is one of the causes of the multidrug resistance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the roles of the rnd-type efflux pump in physiological functions and virulence, in addition to antibiotic extrusion, have attracted much attention. in this study, the contributions of the constitutively expressed smeyz efflux pump to drug resistance, virulence-related characteristics, and virulence were evaluated. s. maltophilia kj is a clinical isolate of m ... | 2015 | 25918140 |
| nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenase required for l-lactate utilization in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501. | nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenases (l-ildhs) play important roles in l-lactate utilization of different organisms. all of the previously reported l-ildhs were flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidation of l-lactate by the flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-dependent mechanism. based on comparative genomic analysis, a gene cluster with three genes (llda, lldb, and lldc) encoding a novel type of l-ildh was identified in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501. when the gene cluster was expressed in escherichia c ... | 2015 | 25917905 |
| antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence types of finnish campylobacter jejuni isolates from multiple sources. | antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 805 domestic campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from broilers (n = 459), bovines (n = 120), human patients (n = 95), natural waters (n = 80), wild birds (n = 35) and zoo animals/enclosures (n = 16) with known multilocus sequence types (mlst) for 450 isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values for erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and the quinolones ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were determined with the vetm ... | 2016 | 25917650 |
| towards fluorescence in vivo hybridization (fivh) detection of h. pylori in gastric mucosa using advanced lna probes. | in recent years, there have been several attempts to improve the diagnosis of infection caused by helicobacter pylori. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a commonly used technique to detect h. pylori infection but it requires biopsies from the stomach. thus, the development of an in vivo fish-based method (fivh) that directly detects and allows the visualization of the bacterium within the human body would significantly reduce the time of analysis, allowing the diagnosis to be performe ... | 2015 | 25915865 |
| in vivo volatile organic compound signatures of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of a chronic enteric disease of ruminants. available diagnostic tests are complex and slow. in vitro, volatile organic compound (voc) patterns emitted from map cultures mirrored bacterial growth and enabled distinction of different strains. this study was intended to determine vocs in vivo in the controlled setting of an animal model. vocs were pre-concentrated from breath and feces of 42 goats (16 controls and 26 map-inocula ... | 2015 | 25915653 |
| activation of nlrc4 downregulates tlr5-mediated antibody immune responses against flagellin. | bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp), which can be recognized by surface localized toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and the cytosolic nod-like receptor (nlr) protein 4 (nlrc4) receptors. activation of the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. however, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways orches ... | 2015 | 25914934 |
| activation of nlrc4 downregulates tlr5-mediated antibody immune responses against flagellin. | bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp), which can be recognized by surface localized toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and the cytosolic nod-like receptor (nlr) protein 4 (nlrc4) receptors. activation of the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. however, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways orches ... | 2015 | 25914934 |
| impact of oxidative stress defense on bacterial survival and morphological change in campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. | campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic foodborne pathogen, inescapably faces high oxygen tension during its transmission to humans. thus, the ability of c. jejuni to survive under oxygen-rich conditions may significantly impact c. jejuni viability in food and food safety as well. in this study, we investigated the impact of oxidative stress resistance on the survival of c. jejuni under aerobic conditions by examining three mutants defective in key antioxidant genes, including ahpc, kata, and so ... | 2015 | 25914692 |
| heat shock-enhanced conjugation efficiency in standard campylobacter jejuni strains. | campylobacter jejuni, the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the united states, displays significant strain diversity due to horizontal gene transfer. conjugation is an important horizontal gene transfer mechanism contributing to the evolution of bacterial pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. it has been observed that heat shock could increase transformation efficiency in some bacteria. in this study, the effect of heat shock on c. jejuni conjugation efficiency and the und ... | 2015 | 25911489 |
| dynamics of escherichia coli virulence factors in dairy herds and farm environments in a longitudinal study in the united states. | pathogenic escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. however, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of e. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. this study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four e. coli virulence factors (eae, stx1, stx2, and the gamma allele of the tir gene [γ-tir]) on three u.s. dairy farms. fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk fil ... | 2015 | 25911478 |
| distribution and characterization of salmonella enterica isolates from irrigation ponds in the southeastern united states. | irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by salmonella enterica. therefore, the distribution of s. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern georgia and northern florida. all ponds and 28.2% of all samples (n = 635) were positive for salmonella, with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [mpn]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for riv ... | 2015 | 25911476 |
| draft genome sequences of paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and paenibacillus terrae nrrl b-30644, strains from a poultry environment that produce tridecaptin a and paenicidins. | paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and paenibacillus terrae nrrl b-30644 produce tridecaptin a that is inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni, as well as lantibiotics in the paenicidin family. here, we report the draft genome sequences of p. polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and p. terrae nrrl b-30644 that contain gene clusters for various nonribosomal lipopeptides. | 2015 | 25908148 |
| whole-genome sequences of eight campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds. | we present here the draft genome sequences of 8 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from wild birds. the strains were initially isolated from swabs taken from resident wild birds in the tokachi area of japan. the genome sizes range from 1.65 to 1.77 mbp. | 2015 | 25908133 |
| perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. | plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (mamps/pamps) which are microorganism molecular signatures. located at the plant plasma membrane, the prrs are generally receptor-like kinases (rlks) or receptor-like proteins (rlps). mamp detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called mamp-triggered i ... | 2015 | 25904927 |
| genome-wide dna methylation analysis of haloferax volcanii h26 and identification of dna methyltransferase related pd-(d/e)xk nuclease family protein hvo_a0006. | restriction-modification (rm) systems have evolved to protect the cell from invading dnas and are composed of two enzymes: a dna methyltransferase and a restriction endonuclease. although rm systems are present in both archaeal and bacterial genomes, dna methylation in archaea has not been well defined. in order to characterize the function of rm systems in archaeal species, we have made use of the model haloarchaeon haloferax volcanii. a genomic dna methylation analysis of h. volcanii strain h2 ... | 2015 | 25904898 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiling and virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in pakistan. | to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections, cattle and healthy broilers. | 2015 | 25902160 |
| phosphoethanolamine transferase lpta in haemophilus ducreyi modifies lipid a and contributes to human defensin resistance in vitro. | haemophilus ducreyi resists the cytotoxic effects of human antimicrobial peptides (aps), including α-defensins, β-defensins, and the cathelicidin ll-37. resistance to ll-37, mediated by the sensitive to antimicrobial peptide (sap) transporter, is required for h. ducreyi virulence in humans. cationic aps are attracted to the negatively charged bacterial cell surface. in other gram-negative bacteria, modification of lipopolysaccharide or lipooligosaccharide (los) by the addition of positively char ... | 2015 | 25902140 |
| type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown. | the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing rapidly across the globe. though the prevalence of the disease is similar in population of upper middle income and high income countries, the age of affected population is lower in upper middle income countries. this is attributed to genetic as well as changing life style factors. the contributing factors for type 2 diabetes range from genetic/epigenetic disposal, intra uterine nutrition, dietary pattern to sedentary lifestyle. the role of the g ... | 2015 | 25901889 |
| reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. | 2015 | 25897046 | |
| the serine protease autotransporter pic modulates citrobacter rodentium pathogenesis and its innate recognition by the host. | bacterial pathogens produce a number of autotransporters that possess diverse functions. these include the family of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) produced by enteric pathogens such as shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. of these spates, one termed "protein involved in colonization," or pic, has been shown to possess mucinase activity in vitro, but to date, its role in in vivo enteric pathogenesis is unknown. testing a pic null (δpicc) muta ... | 2015 | 25895966 |
| description of a putative oligosaccharyl:s-layer protein transferase from the tyrosine o-glycosylation system of paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051(t). | surface (s)-layer proteins are model systems for studying protein glycosylation in bacteria and simultaneously hold promises for the design of novel, glyco-functionalized modules for nanobiotechnology due to their 2d self-assembly capability. understanding the mechanism governing s-layer glycan biosynthesis in the gram-positive bacterium paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051(t) is necessary for the tailored glyco-functionalization of its s-layer. here, the putative oligosaccharyl:s-layer protein transfer ... | 2012 | 25893145 |
| molecular survey of occurrence and quantity of legionella spp., mycobacterium spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and amoeba hosts in municipal drinking water storage tank sediments. | to examine the occurrence and quantity of potential pathogens and an indicator of microbial contamination in the sediments of municipal drinking water storage tanks (mdwsts), given the absence of such data across the united states. | 2015 | 25891145 |
| clear distinction between burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei using fluorescent motb primers. | a frame-shift mutation in the flagellum motor gene motb coding for the chemotaxis motb protein of burkholderia mallei has been utilized to design a conventional duplex pcr assay with fluorescent labelled primers. | 2015 | 25887130 |
| presence of zoonotic agents in engorged ticks and hedgehog faeces from erinaceus europaeus in (sub) urban areas. | european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are hosts for ixodes hexagonus and i. ricinus ticks, which are vectors for zoonotic microorganisms. in addition, hedgehogs may carry several enteric zoonoses as well. it is unclear to what extent a presence of pathogens in hedgehogs poses a risk to public health, as information on the presence of zoonotic agents in hedgehogs in urban areas is relatively scarce. | 2015 | 25885888 |
| optical nano antennas: state of the art, scope and challenges as a biosensor along with human exposure to nano-toxicology. | the concept of optical antennas in physical optics is still evolving. like the antennas used in the radio frequency (rf) regime, the aspiration of optical antennas is to localize the free propagating radiation energy, and vice versa. for this purpose, optical antennas utilize the distinctive properties of metal nanostructures, which are strong plasmonic coupling elements at the optical regime. the concept of optical antennas is being advanced technologically and they are projected to be substitu ... | 2015 | 25884787 |
| epidemiology of norovirus infections among diarrhea outpatients in a diarrhea surveillance system in shanghai, china: a cross-sectional study. | norovirus is an important cause of gastroenteritis both in children and adults. in china, few studies have been conducted on adult populations. this study aimed to determine the contribution of norovirus to gastroenteritis, characterize the features of norovirus infections, compare them with other pathogens, and test the effectiveness of the surveillance system. | 2015 | 25884557 |
| comprehensive mapping of o-glycosylation in flagellin from campylobacter jejuni 11168: a multienzyme differential ion mobility mass spectrometry approach. | glycosylation of flagellin is essential for the virulence of campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. here, we demonstrate comprehensive mapping of the o-glycosylation of flagellin from campylobacter jejuni 11168 by use of a bottom-up proteomics approach that incorporates differential ion mobility spectrometry (also known as high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry or faims) together with proteolysis with proteinase k. proteinase k provides complementar ... | 2015 | 25884275 |
| a child with acute encephalopathy associated with quadruple viral infection. | pediatric acute encephalopathy (ae) was sometimes attributed to virus infection. however, viral infection does not always result in ae. the risk factors for developing infantile ae upon virus infection remain to be determined. here, we report an infant with ae co-infected with human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and three picornaviruses, including coxsackievirus a6 (cva6), enterovirus d68 (ev-d68), and human parechovirus (hpev). ev-d68 was vertically transmitted to the infant from his mother. cva6 and h ... | 2015 | 25883930 |
| comparison of an automated nucleic acid extraction system with the column-based procedure. | here, we assessed the extraction efficiency of a deployable bench-top nucleic acid extractor ez1 in comparison to the column-based approach with complex sample matrices. a total of 48 edta blood samples and 81 stool samples were extracted by ez1 automated extraction and the column-based qiaamp dna mini kit. blood sample extractions were assessed by two real-time malaria pcrs, while stool samples were analyzed by six multiplex real-time pcr assays targeting bacterial, viral, and parasitic stool p ... | 2015 | 25883797 |
| campylobacter jejuni serine protease htra plays an important role in heat tolerance, oxygen resistance, host cell adhesion, invasion, and transmigration. | campylobacter jejuni is an important pathogen of foodborne illness. transmigration across the intestinal epithelial barrier and invasion are considered as primary reasons for tissue damage triggered by c. jejuni. using knockout mutants, it was shown that the serine protease htra may be important for stress tolerance and physiology of c. jejuni. htra is also secreted in the extra-cellular environment, where it can cleave junctional host cell proteins such as e-cadherin. aim of the present study w ... | 2015 | 25883795 |
| reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny. | with microbiome research being a fiercely contested playground in science, new data are being published at tremendous pace. the review at hand serves to critically revise four microbial metabolites widely applied in research: butyric acid, flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, and propionic acid. all four metabolites are physiologically present in healthy humans. nevertheless, all four are likewise involved in pathologies ranging from cancer to mental retardation. their inflammatory potential is equally ... | 2015 | 25883790 |
| survival and digestibility of orally-administered immunoglobulin preparations containing igg through the gastrointestinal tract in humans. | oral immunoglobulin (ig) preparations are prime examples of medicinal nutrition from natural sources. plasma products containing ig have been used for decades in animal feed for intestinal disorders to mitigate the damaging effects of early weaning. these preparations reduce overall mortality and increase feed utilization in various animal species leading to improved growth. oral administration of ig preparations from human serum as well as bovine colostrum and serum have been tested and proven ... | 2015 | 25880525 |
| heterologous surface display on lactic acid bacteria: non-gmo alternative? | lactic acid bacteria (lab) are food-grade hosts for surface display with potential applications in food and therapy. alternative approaches to surface display on lab would avoid the use of recombinant dna technology and genetically-modified organism (gmo)-related regulatory requirements. non-covalent surface display of proteins can be achieved by fusing them to various cell-wall binding domains, of which the lysine motif domain (lysm) is particularly well studied. fusion proteins have been isola ... | 2015 | 25880164 |
| mycoplasma iowae: relationships among oxygen, virulence, and protection from oxidative stress. | the poultry-associated bacterium mycoplasma iowae colonizes multiple sites in embryos, with disease or death resulting. although m. iowae accumulates in the intestinal tract, it does not cause disease at that site, but rather only in tissues that are exposed to atmospheric o2. the activity of m. iowae catalase, encoded by kate, is capable of rapid removal of damaging h2o2 from solution, and kate confers a substantial reduction in the amount of h2o2 produced by mycoplasma gallisepticum kate trans ... | 2015 | 25880161 |
| notes from the field: campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with consuming undercooked chicken liver pâté - ohio and oregon, december 2013-january 2014. | on january 8, 2014, the ohio department of health notified the oregon public health division (ophd) of campylobacteriosis in two ohio residents recently returned from oregon. the travelers reported consuming chicken liver pâté* at an oregon restaurant. on january 10, ophd received additional reports of campylobacteriosis in two persons who had consumed chicken liver pâté at another oregon restaurant. campylobacter jejuni was isolated in cultures of fecal specimens from three patients. ophd inves ... | 2015 | 25879900 |
| extensive infectious myelitis post bariatric surgery. | inflammatory myelopathy is an inflammatory neurological disorder of the spinal cord (myelopathy). it occurs in 1 (severe) to 8 (mild) cases/million per year. it is often referred to in the literature as "transverse myelitis" or "acute transverse myelitis". myelopathy and by extension myelitis, can present as pyramidal (motor), sensory, and/or autonomic dysfunction to varying degrees. symptoms typically develop over hours to days and worsen over days to weeks. sensory symptoms usually present as ... | 2015 | 25879204 |
| collapsing glomerulopathy after plasmodium falciparum infection. | 2014 | 25878787 | |
| respiratory paralysis in a child: the severe axonal variant of childhood guillain-barré syndrome. | guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is a common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. axonal variants of this disease are rare, and frequently life-threatening or debilitating. the course and outcome of a 17-month-old child with acute flaccid paralysis including severe respiratory involvement are presented. gbs was suspected. nerve conduction studies demonstrated acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy including both phrenic nerves. the difficulties with the diagnosis and management of this seve ... | 2015 | 25878751 |
| agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. | one of the major breakthroughs in the history of medicine is undoubtedly the discovery of antibiotics. their use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine has resulted in healthier and more productive farm animals, ensuring the welfare and health of both animals and humans. unfortunately, from the first use of penicillin, the resistance countdown started to tick. nowadays, the infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasing, and resistance to antibiotics is probably the major ... | 2015 | 25878509 |
| [effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)]. | we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ... | 2015 | 25876285 |
| the signalling molecule autoinducer-2 is not internalised in campylobacter jejuni. | bacteria recognise and constantly adjust to changing situations by sensing environmental and self-produced signals. autoinducer-2 (ai-2) is a signal molecule, found in many bacterial species and thus proposed to enable interspecies com- munication. two classes of ai-2 receptors have been identified so far. one class of ai-2 receptors sense ai-2 by a two component signalling system.the other class, the lsrb family, internalises and phosphorylates ai-2. campylobacter (c.) jejuni is known to produc ... | 2015 | 25876270 |
| changes within the intestinal flora of broilers by colonisation with campylobacter jejuni. | in most european countries human campylobacteriosis is the most important bacterial zoonotic foodborne infection. chicken meat is considered the main source of infection. since most strategies assessed so far, in reducing campylobacter colonization in chickens or in the reduction of human disease, have not been very effective, new knowledge regarding campylobacter's interaction with the host is needed. in this study we analysed fecal and cecal samples of five chicken flocks of different austrian ... | 2015 | 25876269 |
| murine infection models for the investigation of campylobacter jejuni--host interactions and pathogenicity. | despite the socioeconomic burden of campylobacteriosis, our insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying campylobacter (c.) jejuni-induced intestinal immunopathogenesis are limited.the absence and the ban of convenient murine infection models caused fundamental restrictions in campylobacter research. the development of novel and modified murine infection models in the last years has greatly contributed to our knowledge in cjejuni--host interactions and pathogenicity. novel findings revealed ... | 2015 | 25876268 |
| campylobacter jejuni: components for adherence to and invasion of eukaryotic cells. | campylobacter (c.) jejuni is the most important reported cause for bacterial diarrhoea. the infection can be accompanied by fever and abdominal cramps and in rare cases the guillain-barré syndrome or reactive arthritis can develop as a post-infection complication. several biological properties of cjejuni, e. g. motility and chemotaxis, contribute to the biological fitness of the pathogen. for this, deficiencies in the function of these features clearly reduce the pathogenicity of c. jejuni witho ... | 2015 | 25876267 |
| xylo-oligosaccharides and virginiamycin differentially modulate gut microbial composition in chickens. | the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens have led to a restriction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (agps) in animal feed in some countries. the potential negative after-effects of a ban on agps could be mitigated by improving animal intestinal health with prebiotic dietary fibers such as xylo-oligosaccharides (xos). however, the mechanism(s) by which an antibiotic or prebiotic contributes to the health and growth of animals are not well understood. here, we evalua ... | 2015 | 25874109 |
| serum sickness following rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin for acute vascular renal allograft rejection. | a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipient developed serum sickness manifesting with severe upper limb allodynia, arthralgia and myalgia 17 days following rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ratg) infusion for biopsy-proven vascular rejection. rapid resolution of symptoms followed treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids. ratg is increasingly favoured over equine atg in solid-organ transplantation, and although ratg has a superior safety profile, it is important to maintain a high index of ... | 2012 | 25874092 |
| phylogenomic analysis and predicted physiological role of the proton-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) across bacteria. | the proton-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) is a multisubunit integral membrane enzyme found in the respiratory chains of both bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. although much research has focused on the enzyme's central role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, comparatively little is known about its role in the diverse energetic lifestyles of different bacteria. here, we used a phylogenomic approach to better understand the distribution of complex i across bacteria, th ... | 2015 | 25873378 |
| septic abortion caused by campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia. | a 20-year-old female patient, 14 weeks pregnant, was admitted to hospital with anamnestic and clinical features of acute pyelonephritis. clinical signs of septic abortion developed and after obstetric examination the therapy was changed to ampicillin, gentamicin and clindamycin. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from blood cultures. pathohistological findings confirmed diagnosis of purulent chorioamnionitis. after 2 weeks of ciprofloxacin administration the patient fully recovered. campylobacter ... | 2016 | 25872616 |
| host-adapted metabolism and its regulation in bacterial pathogens. | 2015 | 25870851 | |
| cryo-em structure of the tetracycline resistance protein tetm in complex with a translating ribosome at 3.9-å resolution. | ribosome protection proteins (rpps) confer resistance to tetracycline by binding to the ribosome and chasing the drug from its binding site. current models for rpp action are derived from 7.2- to 16-å resolution structures of rpps bound to vacant or nontranslating ribosomes. here we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the rpp tetm in complex with a translating ribosome at 3.9-å resolution. the structure reveals the contacts of tetm with the ribosome, including interaction betwee ... | 2015 | 25870267 |
| the type vi secretion system modulates flagellar gene expression and secretion in citrobacter freundii and contributes to adhesion and cytotoxicity to host cells. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) as a virulence factor-releasing system contributes to virulence development of various pathogens and is often activated upon contact with target cells. citrobacter freundii strain cf74 has a complete t6ss genomic island (gi) that contains clpv, hcp-2, and vgr t6ss genes. we constructed clpv, hcp-2, vgr, and t6ss gi deletion mutants in cf74 and analyzed their effects on the transcriptome overall and, specifically, on the flagellar system at the levels of transc ... | 2015 | 25870231 |
| narrow-spectrum inhibitors of campylobacter jejuni flagellar expression and growth. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne illness due to its ability to reside within the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens. multiple studies have identified the flagella of c. jejuni as a major determinant of chicken colonization. an inhibitor screen of approximately 147,000 small molecules was performed to identify compounds that are able to inhibit flagellar expression in a reporter strain of c. jejuni. several compounds that modestly inhibited motility of wild-type c. jejuni in s ... | 2015 | 25870073 |
| complex of gm1- and gd1a-like lipo-oligosaccharide mimics gm1b, inducing anti-gm1b antibodies. | molecular mimicry between campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (loss) and human gangliosides gm1 and gd1a induces the production of anti-gm1 and anti-gd1a antibodies, and the development of guillain-barré syndrome. complexes of two different gangliosides form new molecular shapes capable of enhancing recognition by anti-ganglioside antibodies. to test the hypothesis that the complex of gm1-like and gd1a-like loss of c. jejuni induces the development of anti-gm1b antibodies in guillain-barr ... | 2015 | 25867522 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in thai children with diarrhea. | campylobacter species are common causes of bacterial diarrhea, and campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are known as the predominant causative agents in humans. recent studies suggested that loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an efficient and practical tool for rapid detection of c. jejuni and c. coli in clinical samples. we used lamp to screen 151 stool samples for campylobacter; these samples were collected in 2012 from thai children with diarrhea. the pcr method discriminated c. jej ... | 2015 | 25866115 |
| involvement of cholesterol in campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin-induced pathogenesis. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether cholesterol plays a pivotal role in cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) mediated pathogenic effects in hosts. | 2015 | 25865189 |
| application of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to type campylobacter jejuni. | pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is generally accepted as one of the most discriminatory methods available for genotyping campylobacter jejuni. pfge has been extensively used in epidemiological studies, including outbreak investigation, persistence of genotypes in a human population, environmental diversity of sporadic infection isolates, dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains, and comparison of genotypes within and between hosts. the main purpose of this chapter is to present a wo ... | 2015 | 25862055 |
| antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria in dairy products and gut: effect on pathogens. | the food industry seeks alternatives to satisfy consumer demands of safe foods with a long shelf-life able to maintain the nutritional and organoleptic quality. the application of antimicrobial compounds-producing protective cultures may provide an additional parameter of processing in order to improve the safety and ensure food quality, keeping or enhancing its sensorial characteristics. in addition, strong evidences suggest that certain probiotic strains can confer resistance against infection ... | 2015 | 25861634 |
| slipping through the cracks: linking low immune function and intestinal bacterial imbalance to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. | autoimmune diseases (ads) are considered to be caused by the host immune system which attacks and destroys its own tissue by mistake. a widely accepted hypothesis to explain the pathogenic mechanism of ads is "molecular mimicry," which states that antibodies against an infectious agent cross-react with a self-antigen sharing an identical or similar antigenic epitope. however, this hypothesis was most likely established based on misleading antibody assay data largely influenced by intense false p ... | 2015 | 25861466 |
| the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance mutations. | antibiotic resistance is increasing in pathogenic microbial populations and is thus a major threat to public health. the fate of a resistance mutation in pathogen populations is determined in part by its fitness. mutations that suffer little or no fitness cost are more likely to persist in the absence of antibiotic treatment. in this review, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the fitness costs associated with single mutational events that confer resistance. generally, these mutations we ... | 2014 | 25861385 |
| the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance mutations. | antibiotic resistance is increasing in pathogenic microbial populations and is thus a major threat to public health. the fate of a resistance mutation in pathogen populations is determined in part by its fitness. mutations that suffer little or no fitness cost are more likely to persist in the absence of antibiotic treatment. in this review, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the fitness costs associated with single mutational events that confer resistance. generally, these mutations we ... | 2014 | 25861385 |
| antibiotics in agriculture and the risk to human health: how worried should we be? | the use of antibiotics in agriculture is routinely described as a major contributor to the clinical problem of resistant disease in human medicine. while a link is plausible, there are no data conclusively showing the magnitude of the threat emerging from agriculture. here, we define the potential mechanisms by which agricultural antibiotic use could lead to human disease and use case studies to critically assess the potential risk from each. the three mechanisms considered are as follows 1: dir ... | 2014 | 25861382 |
| antibiotics in agriculture and the risk to human health: how worried should we be? | the use of antibiotics in agriculture is routinely described as a major contributor to the clinical problem of resistant disease in human medicine. while a link is plausible, there are no data conclusively showing the magnitude of the threat emerging from agriculture. here, we define the potential mechanisms by which agricultural antibiotic use could lead to human disease and use case studies to critically assess the potential risk from each. the three mechanisms considered are as follows 1: dir ... | 2014 | 25861382 |
| enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children from households with high socioeconomic level in uruguay. | infectious diarrhea, a common disease of children, deserves permanent monitoring in all social groups. to know the etiology and clinical manifestations of acute diarrhea in children up to 5 years of age from high socioeconomic level households, we conducted a descriptive, microbiological, and clinical study. stools from 59 children with acute community-acquired diarrhea were examined, and their parents were interviewed concerning symptoms and signs. rotavirus, adenovirus, and norovirus were dete ... | 2015 | 25861274 |