Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| serum inhibitory titers and serum bactericidal titers for human subjects receiving multiple doses of the antibacterial oxazolidinones eperezolid and linezolid. | in phase i trials subjects received multiple doses of eperezolid (pnu-100592; formerly u-100592) and linezolid (pnu-100766; formerly u-100766), and steady-state samples were drawn at the projected peak and trough timepoints. serum inhibitory titer and serum bactericidal titer values were determined using single strains of staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. serum inhibitory titer values generally correlated with drug concentration in serum and inherent org ... | 1997 | 9327249 |
| extracellular matrix heparan sulfate modulates endothelial cell susceptibility to staphylococcus aureus. | the ability of extracellular matrix heparan sulfate to alter the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to s. aureus was investigated. endothelial cells grown on extracellular matrix synthesized by s. aureus-infected endothelial cells were more susceptible to subsequent staphylococcal infection than endothelial cells grown on the extracellular matrix synthesized by untreated endothelial cells. endothelial cells were more susceptible to s. aureus infection when 1) grown on heparitinase-treated ... | 1997 | 9326454 |
| vbeta-dependent stimulation of bovine and human t cells by host-specific staphylococcal enterotoxins. | staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine and ovine species produce unique molecular variants of type c staphylococcal enterotoxin (sec). the sec animal variants have greater than 98% amino acid sequence identity with sec1, a human-associated sec. the two sec animal variants have been designated sec(bovine) and sec(ovine) according to their corresponding host species. we showed previously that these toxins induce quantitatively different levels of t-cell stimulation in several animal species. t ... | 1997 | 9317006 |
| production of interferon-alpha/beta by murine dendritic cell lines stimulated by virus and bacteria. | the interferon-alpha and -beta (ifn-alpha/beta) producing ability of the two murine dendritic cell (dc) lines d2sc/1 and fsdc was studied. the d2sc/1 cells produced ifn-alpha and -beta when stimulated by herpes simplex virus (hsv), sendai virus (sv) or by the bacteria escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus cowan i. precultivating (priming) d2sc/1 cells with recombinant ifn-beta or a combination of ifn-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increased production of ifn-alpha/ ... | 1997 | 9315110 |
| abrogation of in vitro suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication mediated by cd8+ t lymphocytes of asymptomatic hiv-1 carriers by staphylococcal enterotoxin b and phorbol esters through induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha. | cd8+ t lymphocytes of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) carriers (ac) suppress hiv-1 replication in vitro. failure of host defense mechanisms and increased virus proliferation are associated with disease progression. the exact mechanisms inducing these changes at the advanced stage of the disease are still obscure. in this study, we searched for experimental conditions favoring the abrogation of the suppression of viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pb ... | 1997 | 9311836 |
| monocyte-dependent regulation of t lymphocyte activation through cd98. | cd98 is a 125 kda heterodimer, which is strongly expressed on the surface of activated and proliferating cells. its expression is strikingly regulated during t cell differentiation and activation, but the role of cd98 during t lymphocyte responses is not yet understood. we report here that proliferation of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) induced by lectin, superantigen (sag) or conventional antigens was blocked by anti-cd98 heavy chain (cd98hc) mab. in contrast, anti-cd98hc did ... | 1997 | 9310825 |
| [human specific transfer factor to staphylococcus aureus antigens]. | immunobiological properties of human specific transfer factor (tf) to staphylococcus aureus antigens were studied. it is shown that this tf activated human leucocytes in vitro as well as in vivo. antigen specificity of tf's immunomodulating effects is also shown. in vitro we used leucocyte migration inhibition test (iml), macrophage inhibition test (mpi) and rosette formation (e-ros). for testing in vivo we used delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) skin tests. | 1997 | 9303798 |
| greater omentum flaps and granulocyte transfusions as combined therapy of liver abscess in chronic granulomatous disease. | we report the case of a 17-year-old boy with gp91phax-deficient chronic granulomatous disease who developed a liver abscess due to staphylococcus aureus. despite treatment with appropriate antibiotics and gamma interferon for three months as well as incision and drainage, the abscess persisted unchanged in size. after surgical debridement, the abscess cavity was filled with two pedunculated greater omentum flaps as a direct feeder road of granulocytes to the infectious focus. an average of 48.5 ... | 1997 | 9297520 |
| b cell subpopulations separated by cd27 and crucial collaboration of cd27+ b cells and helper t cells in immunoglobulin production. | b cell immunoglobulin production is regulated by helper t cells through direct interaction and secreted cytokines. in the present study, we functionally analyzed cd27 in cord and peripheral blood b cells. adult peripheral blood b cells were separated into cd27+ and cd27- cells, which differed in their morphology. cord blood b cells did not express cd27, and cd27 expression on peripheral blood b cells increased with age. only cd27+ b cells had the ability to produce immunoglobulin, which was incr ... | 1997 | 9295047 |
| interleukin-11 inhibits macrophage interleukin-12 production. | il-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by phagocytic and other cells with important physiologic and pathologic properties. regulated il-12 production is crucial for the generation of protective th1 responses to infectious agents. in contrast, il-12 excess contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. to further understand the processes regulating il-12 production, we determined whether il-11 regulated monocyte/macrophage production of this cytokine mo ... | 1997 | 9278303 |
| comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides. | the relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established. | 1997 | 9276546 |
| levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, or vancomycin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-susceptible or -resistant staphylococcus aureus. | levofloxacin is the l isomer of ofloxacin, a racemic mixture in which the l stereochemical form carries the antimicrobial activity. levofloxacin is more active than former quinolones against gram-positive bacteria, making it potentially useful against such pathogens. in this study, levofloxacin was compared to ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, and vancomycin for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to two methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and two methicillin-resistant s ... | 1997 | 9257737 |
| seb is cytotoxic and alters ec barrier function through protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro. | we studied whether staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) has direct effects on endothelial cells (ec) in the absence of effector cells or their products. bovine or human pulmonary artery ec were grown to confluence on filters mounted in chemotaxis chambers. barrier function was assessed by placing [14c]bovine serum albumin in the chamber and sampling the lower well for 14c activity. seb exposures induced a significant (p < 0.001) dose- and time-dependent increase in albumin flux across both bovine ... | 1997 | 9252537 |
| [tricuspid valve endocarditis. demonstration of a rare disease exemplified with 3 case reports]. | endocarditis of the tricuspid valve is a rare form of valvular endocarditis and occurs mainly in patients with special risk factors. | 1997 | 9244836 |
| in staphylococcus enterotoxin b (seb)-stimulated human pbmc, the lak activity of non-t cells might have a major role in the mechanism of glomerular endothelial cells' injury. | in this study the seb-activated lak cytotoxicity was identified and characterized in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbmc). after 3 days of seb stimulation, the pbmc acquired a cytotoxicity against traditional lak targets, k-562 and daudi, beside that human glomerular endothelial cells (hgec) were effectively lysed. the magnetic separation of seb-stimulated cd5+ t cells revealed that the dominant lak cytotoxicity remained in the cd5- lymphocyte fraction. the major part of the seb-generated c ... | 1997 | 9241530 |
| molecular cloning and mrna expression of porcine interleukin-12. | interleukin (il)-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of 35 and 40 kda subunits, produced primarily by phagocytic cells in response to bacteria or bacterial products. il-12 is important in the regulation of both innate and antigen-specific immunity through its stimulatory effects on nk cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from human sequence was used to clone the p35 and p40 subunits of porcine il-12. predicted amino acid sequ ... | 1997 | 9239844 |
| assembly of staphylococcus aureus gamma-hemolysin into a pore-forming ring-shaped complex on the surface of human erythrocytes. | staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin consists of hlg1 (or luk f) of 34 kda and hlg2 of 32 kda, which cooperatively lyse human erythrocytes. since gamma-hemolysin caused swelling of human erythrocytes prior to lysis, we studied pore-forming nature of the toxin by use of polyethylene glycols as osmotic protectants and determined the functional diameter of the pore. to elucidate the molecular architecture of the membrane pore formed by gamma-hemolysin, we solubilized the pore complex with 2% sodium dodec ... | 1997 | 9237657 |
| differential induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by bacteria: effects of antibiotic treatment. | the in vitro production of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), il-6, and the il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) in whole blood upon stimulation with different bacterial strains was measured to study the possible relationship between disease severity and the cytokine-inducing capacities of these strains. escherichia coli, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, bacteroides fragilis, capnocytophaga canimorsus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcu ... | 1997 | 9210662 |
| superantigen-induced lysis of melanoma cells. | superantigens like the staphylococcus enterotoxin a (sea) can direct cytotoxic t lymphocytes expressing certain t cell receptor v beta regions to lyse mhc class ii-positive target cells. this superantigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (sdcc) has been extended to mhc class ii-negative tumour cells by targeting t cells via conjugates of a tumour-specific monoclonal antibody (moab) and a superantigen. in the present study the mhc class ii-negative human melanoma cell lines g361 and mari were test ... | 1997 | 9195560 |
| the apoptosis and proliferation of sac-activated b cells by il-10 are associated with changes in bcl-2, bcl-xl, and mcl-1 expression. | interleukin-10 (il-10), a cytokine from mouse th2 cells and macrophage that inhibits il-2 and ifn-gamma production by th1 cells, has been reported to stimulate growth and differentiation of b cells activated by cd40 or antigen receptor crosslinking. our early observation revealed that il-10 had b cell growth factor (bcgf) activity in human b cells preactivated with sac or anti-ig. the responsiveness of the preactivated b cells to il-10 greatly increased when b cells were activated in the presenc ... | 1997 | 9184696 |
| the effect of quinolones on the intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus in neutrophil granulocytes. | the effect of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, fleroxacin and ofloxacin on the intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophil granulocytes was studied. each drug was tested in concentrations of 0.25, 1, 4, 16 and 64 times the mic and the intracellular killing was measured for up to 5 h of incubation. all four quinolones increased the intracellular killing in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. when compared at concentrations of 4 x mic, ofloxacin increased the killing sig ... | 1997 | 9184361 |
| involvement of cytoplasmic serine proteinase and cpp32 subfamily in the molecular machinery of caspase 3 activation during fas-mediated apoptosis. | on stimulation by the fas ligand, the death receptor, fas, initiates a signal leading to apoptotic cell death. fas plays an important role in physiological cell death and is closely involved in various disease states. recent investigations have shown that caspase 3 plays a dominant role in the process of fas-mediated apoptosis. in the present study, we investigated the molecular machinery of caspase 3 activation in fas-mediated apoptosis. the results showed that fas-mediated apoptosis was accomp ... | 1997 | 9184075 |
| sequential binding of staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin to human erythrocytes and complex formation of the hemolysin on the cell surface. | staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin consists of two protein components, f (or h gamma i) and h gamma ii. to elucidate the mode of action of gamma-hemolysin, we studied the binding order of f and h gamma ii to human erythrocytes and the cell-bound state of the two components. the binding of f to human erythrocytes preceded the binding of h gamma ii to the cells, and thereafter hemolysis occurred. western immunoblot analysis of the cell-bound gamma-hemolysin indicated that f and h gamma ii components f ... | 1997 | 9178562 |
| biological studies of bolax gummifera, a plant of the falkland islands used as a treatment of wounds. | aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of bolax gummifera (lam.) sprengel (apiaceae), a plant of the falkland islands used as a treatment of wounds, were studied in order to support the ethnopharmacological information related to the medicinal use of this plant. the antimicrobial, antioxidant and red blood cells membrane stabilizing activities were analyzed. the antimicrobial bioassay was carried out using the test turbidity method (od 620 nm), the aqueous extract showing an 82% inhibition of stap ... | 1997 | 9174972 |
| in vitro assay of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a activity in food. | staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a (sea) is a leading cause of food poisoning. the current test for functional activity of sea requires monkeys or kittens. the major drawbacks of animal assays are lack of quantitation, poor reproducibility, low sensitivity, and high cost. in this report we describe and evaluate an alternative assay using t-cell proliferation to measure sea activity in food. human and rat lymphocytes proliferate in response to concentrations of sea as low as 1 pg/ml, well below ... | 1997 | 9172356 |
| lck-independent triggering of t-cell antigen receptor signal transduction by staphylococcal enterotoxins. | superantigens (sags) activate t-cells in a manner specific to the vbeta region of the t-cell antigen receptor. stimulations by sags provoke drastic t-cell activation that leads to programmed cell death or the anergic state of responding cells. to characterize the signal transduction pathway initiated by sags, mutant lines derived from the human leukemic t-cell line jurkat were tested for their reactivities against prototypic sags, staphylococcal enterotoxins. the j.cam1.6 cell line, which lacks ... | 1997 | 9169445 |
| the pattern of inflammation in rat sepsis due to enterotoxin-producing staphylococcus aureus: a comparison with ischemia-reperfusion injury. | sepsis and trauma have similarities in their immunopathologic profiles. both conditions can result in multi-system organ failure which is sometimes associated with cytokine generation and inflammatory cell activation. furthermore, decreases in peripheral blood monocyte expression of hla-dr have been noted in both human sepsis and trauma. however, the magnitude, onset, and time course of such stimuli are often difficult to ascertain in human studies. thus, to study a more detailed in vivo immunol ... | 1996 | 9151199 |
| the binding of surface proteins from staphylococcus aureus to human bronchial mucins. | colonization by staphylococcus aureus is frequently observed in obstructive lung diseases, particularly in cystic fibrosis. it has been shown that the bacteria bind to mucins, the main constituent of bronchial secretions. the binding mechanism, however, remains unclear. we have investigated the interactions of two strains of s. aureus, one mucoid and one nonmucoid, with human bronchial mucins. using a solution phase assay, the binding capacity of the two strains to radiolabelled bronchial mucins ... | 1997 | 9150316 |
| necrotizing fasciitis of the periorbita and forehead. | 1997 | 9146525 | |
| bidirectional regulation of human b cell responses by cd40-cd40 ligand interactions. | positive and negative effects of cd40 ligation on human b cell function were suggested by the observation that mab to cd40 ligand partially blocked the suppressive influences of anti-cd3-stimulated control cd4+ t cells, as well as the b cell stimulatory effects of anti-cd3 activated mitomycin c-treated cd4+ t cells. to examine the negative effects of cd40 ligation in greater detail, b cells were cultured with anti-cd3 activated mitomycin c-treated cd4+ t cells that expressed optimal levels of cd ... | 1997 | 9144474 |
| one-way synergistic effect of low superantigen concentrations on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) of gram-negative bacteria and superantigens of gram-positive bacteria are among the main causes of sepsis and septic shock. symptoms are initiated primarily by the release of endogenous mediators, especially cytokines. in the last few years, increasing evidence for the clinical relevance of mixed sepsis caused by coinfections with both types of bacteria has been found. therefore, we developed an in vitro mixed sepsis model investigating the effect of different superanti ... | 1997 | 9142652 |
| infected false hepatic artery aneurysm after orthotopic liver transplantation treated by resection and reno-hepatic vein graft. | vascular complications after liver transplantation are relatively rare. thrombosis of the host-transplant arterial anastomosis is the most frequently encountered vascular complication whereas only a few observations of infected anastomotic aneurysms, often leading to death by massive bleeding or loss of the transplant, have been reported. we report herein the case of a patient with an infected false anastomotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery associated with dissection of the celiac artery follow ... | 1997 | 9140607 |
| ligation of mhc class i induces apoptosis in human pre-b cell lines, in promyelocytic cell lines and in cd40-stimulated mature b cells. | a murine mab (bal-1) was previously shown to induce apoptosis when cross-linked on the cell surface of different b acute lymphocytic leukemia (all) and pro-myelocytic cell lines. the present study shows that bal-1 specifically recognizes the mhc class i (mhc-i). the apoptotic response was not dependent on the epitope specificity, since other anti-mhc-i antibodies, reacting with different monomorphic determinants of the alpha chain or beta 2-microglobulin, also induced apoptosis in these cells. h ... | 1997 | 9138021 |
| coagulase and protein a polymorphisms do not contribute to persistence of nasal colonisation by staphylococcus aureus. | the nasal carriage rate of staphylococcus aureus was examined in a longitudinal study of 31 healthy danish volunteers. each person was classified as persistent (>8 positive cultures from 10 examinations), an intermittent carrier (50-80% positive cultures) or an ocassional carrier (positive cultures on 10-40% of ocassions only). one hundred and twenty strains from these persons were subjected to phage typing and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. phage and rapd typing were i ... | 1997 | 9126823 |
| structures and biological activities of tobramycin-ticarcillin adducts. | aminoglycosides and penicillins chemically interact when they are combined in vitro or in vivo. the resulting adducts are considered to be biologically inactive. the major adducts formed in he interaction between tobramycin and ticarcillin have been recently isolated in pure form in our laboratory. on the basis of mass, infrared, and proton magnetic resonance spectra, the major adducts appeared 10 be amides formed by an attack of the beta-lactam carbonyl group of ticarcillin by an amino group of ... | 1994 | 9120803 |
| human immunodeficiency virus gp120 inhibits interleukin-12 secretion by human monocytes: an indirect interleukin-10-mediated effect. | interleukin-12 (il-12), a cytokine with in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects, is produced mostly by activated monocytes and macrophages. to study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on il-12 production, we investigated the expression of il-12 at mrna and protein levels by human monocytes preincubated with hiv-gp120. in these conditions, we show that monocytes have a decreased ability to express il-12 mrna subunits and to produce il-12 p40 and bioactive p70 protein ... | 1997 | 9108403 |
| plant immunomodulators for termination of unwanted pregnancy and for contraception and reproductive health. | neem (azadirachta indica) seed and leaf extracts have spermicidal, anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. they are also immunomodulators that induce primarily a th1 type response. these properties are being exploited to develop two different useful methods of fertility control. neem extracts given orally at early post-implantation stage terminate pregnancy in rodents and primates. treatment has no residual permanent effect and fertility is regained in subsequent cycles. the mecha ... | 1997 | 9107574 |
| inhibition of intracellular growth of staphylococcus aureus by exposure of infected human monocytes to clarithromycin and azithromycin. | the direct effect of clarithromycin and azithromycin on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) functions and their intracellular activity against staphylococcus aureus, phagocytosed by human monocytes, were studied. the presence of both antibiotics, in the range of concentrations from 0.25 to 20 micrograms/ml, did not affect chemotaxis, opsonized-zymosan phagocytosis, respiratory burst measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide production, or th ... | 1997 | 9106013 |
| inhibitors and specificity of pseudomonas aeruginosa lasa. | lasa is an extracellular protease of pseudomonas aeruginosa that enhances the elastolytic activity of pseudomonas elastase and other proteases by cleaving elastin at unknown sites. lasa is also a staphylolytic protease, an enzyme that lyses staphylococcus aureus cells by cleaving the peptidoglycan pentaglycine interpeptides. here we showed that the staphylolytic activity of lasa is inhibited by tetraethylenepentamine and 1,10-phenanthroline (zinc chelators) as well as excess zn2+ and dithiothrei ... | 1997 | 9092525 |
| bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives on microorganisms in the human skin flora. | the bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with preservatives at body temperature and at room temperature is not known. we studied the bactericidal activity of 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.08% methyl para-oxybenzoate and 0.02% propyl para-aminobenzoate as preservatives and of the preservatives alone at 37 degrees c and at room temperature on two strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, two strains of methicillin-susceptible s. aureus, and one strain each of staphylococcus epidermidi ... | 1997 | 9089861 |
| induction of cytosolic phospholipase a2 activity by phosphatidic acid and diglycerides in permeabilized human neutrophils: interrelationship between phospholipases d and a2. | relationships between phospholipases are poorly understood, but phosphatidic acid (pa) and diglycerides (dgs), produced by phospholipase d (pld) and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase actions, might function as second messengers coupling cell stimulation to cellular responses. this study investigates the role of pld-mediated pa and dg formation in inducing phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity in intact human neutrophils (pmns) and in pmns permeabilized with staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. pmns were l ... | 1997 | 9065750 |
| synergistic effect of azithromycin on the phagocytic killing of staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | many macrolides have been shown to affect the interaction between bacteria and various immune defense mechanisms, such as chemotaxis, accumulation, and bioactivity within phagocytic cells. the interaction of azithromycin with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) was studied in vitro and compared with the interactions between other macrolides and pmns. the opsonophagocytic killing of staphylococcus aureus was synergistically enhanced by azithromycin at concentrations below and above the mini ... | 1997 | 9063667 |
| a superantigen-antibody fusion protein for t-cell immunotherapy of human b-lineage malignancies. | the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) is an efficient activator of cytotoxic t cells when presented on major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules of target cells. our previous studies showed that such sea-directed t cells efficiently lysed chronic b-lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) cells. next, we made a mutated sea-protein a (seam-pa) fusion protein with more than 1,000-fold reduced binding affinity for mhc class ii compared with native sea. the fusion protein ... | 1997 | 9058731 |
| inhibition of the defense system stimulating interleukin-12 interferon-gamma pathway during critical illness. | interleukin-12 (il-12) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) exert protective effects during experimental endotoxemia through upregulation of cellular immunity and phagocytic functions. they are part of a positive regulatory feedback loop that enhances the production of the other. because critically ill patients show a marked suppression of t-cell and macrophage functions with a high susceptibility to infection, potential defects in the immunity/inflammation upregulating il-12 ifn-gamma pathway were ... | 1997 | 9057643 |
| cefodizime: effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations on adhesiveness and bacterial morphology of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli: comparison with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. | exposure of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli strains to different submics of cefodizime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone significantly reduced the bacterial attachment to human buccal cells, but the resultant patterns of inhibition were different for s. aureus and e. coli and for the behaviour of the three cephalosporins. morphological anomalies such as clusters of enlarged s. aureus cells and filamentation with spheroplast-like structures and bulge formations in e. coli were also present. ... | 1997 | 9044031 |
| p100, a transcriptional coactivator, is a human homologue of staphylococcal nuclease. | staphylococcus aureus nuclease (snase) homologues, previously thought to be restricted to bacteria and archaea, are demonstrated by sequence analysis to be present also in eukaryotes. the human cellular coactivator p100 is shown to contain four repeats, each of which is a snase homologue. surprisingly, these repeats are unlikely to possess snase-like activities as each lacks equivalent snase catalytic residues, yet they may mediate p100's single-stranded dna-binding function. products of corydal ... | 1997 | 9041650 |
| recombinant staphylokinase variants with altered immunoreactivity. iii: species variability of antibody binding patterns. | the "charged cluster-to-alanine" substitution variants sakstar(k35a,e38a,k74a,e75a,r77a) and sakstar(k74a,e75a,r77a,e80a,d82a), previously identified as sakstar.m38 and sakstar.m89, respectively, induce less antibody formation in patients than wild-type recombinant staphylokinase (sakstar), but their specific activities are reduced by 50%. therefore, the effect of the reversal of one or more of these substituted amino acids on the ratio of activity to antigenicity was studied. | 1997 | 9008464 |
| predictors of staphylococcus aureus pneumonia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this study is based on a retrospective logistic regression analysis of all human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (sap) admitted to the department of infectious diseases, catholic university, rome, italy between january 1986 and december 1994. nineteen patients with 24 episodes of sap were enrolled in the study. a control group of 38 hiv-infected patients without pneumonia was included. the attack rate of sap was 8.31/1000 hiv-related hospital a ... | 1996 | 8984527 |
| microbial killing by human neutrophil cytokineplasts: similar suppressive effects of reversible and irreversible inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. | employing anucleate, granule-poor, motile fragments from human blood neutrophils (cytokineplasts; ckp), we previously provided evidence for a new staphylococcal killing pathway for human neutrophils involving reactive nitrogen intermediates: the no synthase inhibitor n(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine (nmma), an analogue of l-arginine (l-arg), substantially decreased the killing capacity of ckp for staphylococcus aureus (staph), an effect reversible by excess l-arg but not d-arg. we have extended th ... | 1996 | 8975878 |
| regulation by interleukin-10 of staphylococcus aureus- and lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 1996 | 8958943 | |
| aerosolized rhdnase in cystic fibrosis: effect on leucocyte proteases in sputum. | in cystic fibrosis (cf), large amounts of free leucocyte proteases are present in bronchial secretions, contributing to progressive lung damage. recombinant, human deoxyribonuclease (rhdnase) is a new therapeutic agent that decreases sputum viscosity. however, deoxyribonuclease has been shown, in vitro, to release cationic enzymes from complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). the present study was conducted to assess this effect in vivo. free human leucocyte elastase (hle), human leucocyte ca ... | 1996 | 8947060 |
| penetration of ampicillin and sulbactam into human epididymis and testis. | urologic refertilization microsurgery such as vaso-vasostomy or vaso-epididymostomy benefits from perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. the ability of ampicillin and sulbactam to penetrate sufficiently into mixed epididymis or testis tissue was investigated in nine patients (bodyweights ranged from 58 kg to 92 kg, mean 77.3 kg) undergoing orchiectomy for testicular cancer or advanced prostatic cancer. each patient received a single infusion of 3 g ampicillin/sulbactam (ratio 2:1) preoperatively ... | 1996 | 8923048 |
| chicken anti-protein a prevents staphylococcus aureus protein a from binding to human and rabbit igg in immunoassays and eliminates most false positive results. | this report demonstrates that chicken anti-protein a can prevent both soluble and surface-bound staphylococcal protein a from binding to either human or rabbit igg. in an elisa assay, chicken anti-protein a prevented > 98% of the soluble protein a from binding to the human igg-fc coat. in a blotting assay, chicken anti-protein a prevented the membrane-bound protein a from interacting with the human igg probe. when intact s. aureus (cowan i strain) was bound to the surface of a microassay plate, ... | 1996 | 8914598 |
| the antistaphylococcal effect of nisin in a suitable vehicle: a potential therapy for atopic dermatitis in man. | staphylococcus aureus plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and is the predominant microorganism both in the lesions and in adjacent clinically normal skin. chronic infection might aggravate the underlying lesion and serve as a source for further s. aureus infection. nisin is a non-toxic and non-irritant peptide with no antibiotic-like side effects. in this study the antistaphylococcal activity of nisin in six topical formulations was investigated in diffusion tests and i ... | 1996 | 8910870 |
| a modified pcr-based method for rapid non-radioactive detection of clinically important pathogens. | we have devised a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of several bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens using pcr. this method has been named direct labeling and detection procedure (dldp) and is based on the direct incorporation of a nonradioactive digoxigenin label (dig-11-dutp) into a microbial species-specific gene fragment during amplification. following amplification, the resulting pcr products are cleansed of nonincorporated dig-11-dutp, spotted onto a nylon membrane, fixed by ... | 1996 | 8908604 |
| inhibition of human b cell activation by gold compounds. | the mechanism of action of gold compounds, which are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), has not been clearly identified. although one of the characteristic features of ra is chronic stimulation of b cells, the effects of gold compounds on b cells have not been precisely assessed. we therefore examined the effects of gold sodium thiomalate (gst) on human b cells. igm production was induced from highly purified b cells obtained from healthy donors by stimulation with staphylo ... | 1996 | 8906749 |
| the combined effects of plasma and hydrogel coating on adhesion of staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus to polyurethane catheters. | the adhesion of three staphylococcus epidermidis and three s aureus clinical isolates, to uncoated and hydrogel-coated polyurethane catheters was tested, following pretreatment of catheters with human plasma. plasma significantly decreased the adhesion of s. epidermidis strains to uncoated polyurethane catheters, but had no significant effect on the adhesion to hydrogel-coated catheters. the influence of plasma on adhesion of s. aureus strains to catheters was strain dependent. plasma significan ... | 1996 | 8900069 |
| the 1.8 a crystal structure of human cathepsin g in complex with suc-val-pro-phep-(oph)2: a janus-faced proteinase with two opposite specificities. | the crystal structure of human neutrophil cathepsin g, complexed with the peptidyl phosphonate inhibitor suc-val-pro-phep-(oph)2, has been determined to a resolution of 1.8 a using patterson search techniques. the cathepsin g structure shows the polypeptide fold characteristic of trypsin-like serine proteinases and is especially similar to rat mast cell proteinase ii. unique to cathepsin g, however, is the presence of glu226 (chymotrypsinogen numbering), which is situated at the bottom of the s1 ... | 1996 | 8896442 |
| bactericidal activity of a synthetic peptide (cg 117-136) of human lysosomal cathepsin g is dependent on arginine content. | the importance of individual amino acids in mediating the broad-spectrum bactericidal action of a 20-mer amphipathic, cationic peptide (cg 117-136) of human lysosomal cathepsin g was determined by using a single amino acid replacement strategy. this strategy revealed an important role for arginine because loss of any of the four arginine residues in cg 117-136 due to substitution with alanine, citrulline, or lysine residues resulted in a reduction of its bactericidal activity against both pseudo ... | 1996 | 8890249 |
| antibacterial activity of antileukoprotease. | antileukoprotease (alp), or secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, is an endogenous inhibitor of serine proteinases that is present in various external secretions. alp, one of the major inhibitors of serine proteinases present in the human lung, is a potent reversible inhibitor of elastase and, to a lesser extent, of cathepsin g. in equine neutrophils, an antimicrobial polypeptide that has some of the characteristics of alp has been identified (m. a. couto, s. s. l. harwig, j. s. cullor, j. p ... | 1996 | 8890201 |
| reaction of human hemoglobin toward the alkylating agent s-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione. | in order to investigate if hemoglobin might serve as a biomarker of exposure for 1,2-dichloroethane (dce) encountered in the workplace, human hemoglobin was alkylated at physiologic ph by the episulfonium ion of s-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione (ceg). in vitro alkylation resulted in three alkylation products on the alpha chain and at least two alkylation products on the beta chain as determined directly by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. to ascertain if the site of alk ... | 1996 | 8874532 |
| interleukin-8 (il-8) is a major neutrophil chemotaxin from human alveolar macrophages stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea). | since staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, and infection of the lungs is characterized by neutrophil infiltration we studied the role of a staphylococcal toxin, enterotoxin a (sea) on the synthesis and secretion of il-8 by human alveolar macrophages. as sea concentration was increased, the il-8 accumulation in the macrophage conditioned medium increased. the concentration of mrna encoding il-8 was also elevated in the macrophage in response to increases in sea concentration. alt ... | 1996 | 8872511 |
| superantigens and experimental sle induced by idiotypic dysregulation. | the effects of the superantigens (sags) staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) and mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (mam) were examined on the induction and on the course of experimental sle-like disease. | 1996 | 8871833 |
| correlation between reduction of surface hydrophobicity of s. aureus and the decrease in its adhesiveness induced by subinhibitory concentrations of brodimoprim. | hydrophobic interactions are involved in the mechanism of adhesion of a variety of bacteria to host tissues. bacterial attachment to human cells is modulated by a change in interfacial free energy and this is correlated with surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cells. in s. aureus (one atcc25923+four clinical isolates) hydrophobicity before and after incubation with subinhibitory concentrations (sub-mics) of brodimoprim (bmp), a dimethyoxypyrimidine recently entered clinical practice, was measure ... | 1995 | 8868063 |
| effects of rebamipide on gastric cell damage by helicobacter pylori-stimulated human neutrophils. | helicobacter pylori stimulated human neutrophils to produce oxygen radicals as evidenced by the production of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol. the capacity of h. pylori to produce oxygen radicals from neutrophils was much higher than that of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus and is almost as strong as that of pma. rebamipide (2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2-(1h)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid) suppressed the chemiluminescence produced by h. pylori-stimulated neutrophils and ... | 1995 | 8866835 |
| endoscopy-assisted burr hole evacuation of subdural empyema. | a 71-year-old man developed a large multi-loculated subdural empyema following the evacuation of a chronic subdural haematoma. the pockets of pus were successfully evacuated endoscopically via the burr holes resulting in good recovery and no re-accumulation. the advantages of this technique and the difficulties encountered during this procedure are discussed. | 1996 | 8864506 |
| transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of eustachian valve endocarditis. | a 33-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse was seen with fever, septic pulmonary embolization, and staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. transthoracic echocardiography was nondiagnostic. transesophageal echocardiography showed a large, pedunculated, and highly mobile vegetation attached to the eustachian valve. | 1996 | 8849620 |
| gentamicin concentrations in human subcutaneous tissue. | wound infections frequently originate from the subcutaneous tissue. the effect of gentamicin in subcutaneous tissue has, however, normally been evaluated from concentrations in blood or wound fluid. the aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of gentamicin in human subcutaneous adipose tissue by a microdialysis technique. seven healthy young volunteers each had four microdialysis probes placed in the fat (subcutaneous) layer of the abdominal skin. after the adm ... | 1996 | 8843281 |
| inhibitory effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids on induction of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are known to affect immune responses as well as inflammatory responses, and have been used for the treatment of inflammatory symptoms in china. this study is aimed at elucidating the inhibitory effects of two alkaloids, fangchinoline and isotetrandrine, on the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (il-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), by staphylococcus aureus cowan 1 (sac)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. thes ... | 1995 | 8824940 |
| candida albicans: is it associated with nipple pain in lactating women? | persistent nipple pain in lactating women, burning in nature, and associated with radiating breast pain, has been claimed by some authorities to be due to 'thrush' (candida) infection. yet, scientific proof has been lacking. this study compared microbiological assessment of 61 women with nipple pain, 64 women without nipple pain, and 31 non-lactating women. swabs of the nipple and baby's mouth, and expressed breast milk were collected for culture. growth of candida albicans (nipple and milk) was ... | 1996 | 8821881 |
| coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from two cases of toxic shock syndrome lack superantigenic activity, but induce cytokine production. | two strains of staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with toxic shock symptoms have been reported to carry genes related to s. aureus enterotoxins b and c by dot-blot hybridisation, although the corresponding superantigenic toxins were not detected immunologically. we here show that these strains produce no superantigens capable of stimulating proliferation of human mononuclear leukocytes or rabbit splenocytes, and that no dna homologous to the seb or sec genes can be detected by pcr ... | 1996 | 8821402 |
| bibw22 bs, potent multidrug resistance-reversing agent, binds directly to p-glycoprotein and accumulates in drug-resistant cells. | the expression of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) in tumor cells causes a multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype. p-gp has been shown to mediate the transport of structurally dissimilar drugs across the cell membrane in an energy-dependent manner. in this report, we show that bibw22 bs, a phenylpteridine analog, reverses the mdr phenotype of cem human lymphoma cells in a dose-dependent fashion. using a photoactive analog of bibw22 bs {[3h]azido-4-[n-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-ethanolamino]-2, 7-bis(cis-2,6- ... | 1996 | 8794885 |
| [purulent pericarditis]. | purulent pericarditis is diagnosed when pus is drained from the pericardial space or when bacteria are cultured from the pericardial fluid. this rare disease is often diagnosed late, when severe hemodynamic compromise develops due to pericardial tamponade. it is usually a complication of pneumonia, especially if there is empyema as well, and often follows chest surgery or chest wall infections. it sometimes appears in patients with septicemia, especially when they are debilitated or immuno-compr ... | 1996 | 8794638 |
| preventable disease in correctional facilities. desmoteric foodborne outbreaks in the united states, 1974-1991. | various disease outbreaks have been reported among prisoners. recent foodborne outbreaks in correctional facilities in georgia and delaware prompted us to review the epidemiological characteristics of such outbreaks reported in the united states. | 1996 | 8790084 |
| receptor-induced translocation of activated guanine-nucleotide-binding protein alpha i subunits to the cytoskeleton in myeloid differentiated human leukemia (hl-60) cells. | the regulation of the cytoskeletal localization of guanine-nucleotide-binding protein alpha i subunits by formyl peptide receptors was studied in myeloid differentiated human leukemia (hl-60) cells. stimulation of formyl peptide receptors with n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fmet-leu-phe) transiently increased the amount of alpha i subunits in the triton x-100-insoluble cytoskeleton. similar to the biphasic regulation of the actin content, fmet-leu-phe ( > or = 10 nm) rapidly increased the cytoskeletal al ... | 1996 | 8774723 |
| tumor necrosis factor primes neutrophils to kill staphylococcus aureus by an oxygen-dependent mechanism and plasmodium falciparum by an oxygen-independent mechanism. | the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (tnf) plays the important role of priming neutrophils for increased antimicrobial activity. we now demonstrate that human neutrophils which lack the ability to generate oxygen radicals, from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, show tnf-induced enhancement of killing of intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum but not of staphylococcus aureus. | 1996 | 8757889 |
| ingestion of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and escherichia coli by human peritoneal mesothelial cells. | in the present study we examined whether mesothelial cells can ingest and digest bacteria. the results showed that all strains were ingested. ingested staphylococci proliferated abundantly, and only a few were digested. escherichia coli, however, was digested during the first 8 h, whereafter the mesothelial cells disintegrated and proliferation of bacteria could be observed. the clinical implications of these findings are discussed. | 1996 | 8757887 |
| mitogenic activities of amino acid substitution mutants of staphylococcal enterotoxin b in human and mouse lymphocyte cultures. | site-directed mutagenesis has been used to introduce amino acid substitutions at specific residues of the staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) gene cloned from staphylococcus aureus 10-275. the mitogenic activities of these derivatives were determined in two assay systems: (i) mouse spleen cells and (ii) a mixture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. substitution of either his-12, his-32, his-121, his-166, lys-152, or gly-205 did not significantly alter the mitogenic activi ... | 1996 | 8757827 |
| switching on of the proliferation or apoptosis of activated human t lymphocytes by ifn-gamma is correlated with the differential expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor. | to find out how physiologically secreted ifn-gamma controls either the proliferation or the apoptosis of human t lymphocytes, the kinetics of expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor (ifn-gamma r) were sequentially followed on t lymphocytes first activated with pha and then cultured in the presence of il-2, and related to the kinetics of expression of fas, bcl-2, and il-2r p55 chain. both ifn-gamma r chains were poorly expressed on the membrane of resting t lymphocytes. following ... | 1996 | 8757312 |
| the epidemiology of dermatologic and venereologic disease in a deployed operational setting. | we studied the epidemiology, morbidity, and etiology of dermatologic and non-human immunodeficiency virus venereologic disease (derm/std) aboard a deployed aircraft carrier to revise derm/std training objectives for shipboard primary care providers. onboard supplies for treatment of derm/std were also evaluated. over 3 months, 929 derm/std patients were treated for 1,320 diagnoses generating 2,011 visits. derm/std caused 22% of the total morbidity. pyoderma alone accounted for nearly one-half of ... | 1996 | 8754710 |
| biocompatibility of bicarbonate buffered peritoneal dialysis fluids: influence on mesothelial cell and neutrophil function. | the present study compares the effects of lactate and bicarbonate buffered pdf on human neutrophil (pmn) and human peritoneal mesothelial cell (hpmc) viability and function. acute exposure of pmn to lactate buffered pdf at ph 5.5 (capd 2, 1.5% and capd 3, 4.25% glucose) resulted in significant reductions in cellular atp levels, the phagocytosis of serum treated zymosan (stz) and respiratory burst activation (cl). exposure of pmn to bicarbonate buffered pdf (bic 20, 1.5% glucose and bic 30, 4.25% ... | 1996 | 8731113 |
| bacterial growth in saline implants: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the survival of bacteria was evaluated in custom-made saline breast implants with integral injection ports in vitro and in 10 new zealand white rabbits for staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens. pseudomonas and serratia survived in vitro in saline-filled implants and multiplied 24-fold and 22-fold, respectively, from the initial inocula of 300 colony-forming units per cubic centimeter in 21 days. serratia alone survived in saline impla ... | 1996 | 8728573 |
| peritoneoscopic placement of swan neck peritoneal dialysis catheters. | peritoneoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters, although accomplished in only about 10% of dialysis centers, is a nonsurgical technique that fulfills requirements for safety and dependability. over a 40-month period, 136 catheters were placed with the peritoneoscope, 135 of which were double-cuffed, swan neck curled catheters, with a uniform radiopaque stripe. patients were followed longitudinally for outcome. catheters were placed in 44 diabetic patients, 1 human immunodeficiency vi ... | 1996 | 8728218 |
| effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on normal immune capabilities and their interactions with staphylococcal pathogenicity. | the effects of the beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam on normal immune responses were investigated. these agents did not interfere with either humoral or cell-mediated immune responses as measured by the hemolytic plaque assay and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction assay respectively. in addition, human polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity was not altered by these agents. when these agents were tested for their effect on staphylococcus aureas adhe ... | 1996 | 8708740 |
| tumor necrosis factor production by human t-cells stimulated with bacterial superantigens. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production from t-cells stimulated with superantigenic exotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin b and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a was investigated in the presence of cells bearing distinct isotypes of hla class ii molecules. the main t-cell subset for tnf production was investigated in parallel. similarly high levels of tnf production were induced upon stimulation with the toxins in the presence of dr+ or dq+ cells, but only marginal levels of tnf production were ... | 1995 | 8707449 |
| detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in human saliva and on denture surfaces. | the prevalence of staphylococcus species and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in human saliva and on denture surfaces was examined with selective media. a total of 166 saliva samples from dental students and individuals using dentures and 39 swab samples from denture surfaces were subjected in this study. the detected percentage of mrsa from saliva samples was 2.3%. five out of 39 swab samples of denture surface contained mrsa or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis ... | 1994 | 8689735 |
| synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of spermidine-based mixed catechol- and hydroxamate-containing siderophore--vancomycin conjugates. | the first antibiotic conjugates of vancomycin (1) and siderophore analogues containing spermidine-based catechol ligands (conjugate 11) as well as mixed catechol and hydroxamate ligands (conjugate 13) are described. the design of the conjugates was based on the earlier observation that conjugation of siderophore components to beta-lactam antibiotics induced active iron transport-mediated drug delivery. the novel conjugates (11 and 13) were synthesized by selective acylation of the primary amino ... | 1996 | 8689237 |
| [an artificial gene, biosynthesis and properties of the recombinant fc fragment of human immunoglobulin g1]. | chemicoenzymatic synthesis and cloning of a gene encoding the fc domain of human immunoglobulin g1 were carried out. the artificial gene was expressed in escherichia coli cells in plasmid vectors under control of a late t7 promoter. the recombinant protein isolated from the bacterial cells is capable of forming dimers and binding protein a from staphylococcus aureus. | 1996 | 8687508 |
| induction of lymphocytes cytotoxic to oral epithelial cells by streptococcus mitis superantigen. | the preparation of a superantigenic fraction f-2 from the culture supernatant of streptococcus mitis 108, a fresh isolate from human tooth surfaces, was reported previously. now, to determine the possible pathogenic role of the superantigen in oral mucosal diseases, we examined the cytotoxic effects of human peripheral blood t-cells activated with f-2 on human oral epithelial cells. t-cells activated with f-2 were cytotoxic to the human squamous carcinoma ho-1-n-1 cells derived from the oral muc ... | 1996 | 8675804 |
| inhibition of the hemolytic activity of the first component of complement c1 by an escherichia coli c1q binding protein. | molecular mimicry is a well established mechanism via which bacteria protect themselves from complement-mediated killing. we have previously demonstrated that a number of human cells express receptors for c1q (c1qr) and that the soluble form of this receptor inhibits activation of the classical pathway of complement. we now investigated whether escherichia coli possesses a c1qr-like protein that protects these bacteria from complement-mediated injury. by facs analysis it was shown that approxima ... | 1996 | 8666822 |
| homotypic interactions mediated through lfa-1/icam-3 decrease the proliferative response of activated t cells. | t cell activation occurs when the t cell receptor (tcr) is engaged by an antigen-mhc complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (apc). additional signals provided by accessory molecules serve to modulate this response. independent of tcr engagement, treatment of t lymphocytes with a combination of phorbol ester and cd28 ligation will result in a proliferative response. this also induces homotypic adhesion mediated by lfa-l/icam interactions. we demonstrate that the prevention of homoty ... | 1996 | 8660847 |
| the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 induces anergy in human t cells in vivo. | tsst-1 is a staphylococcus aureus-derived superantigen which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome. in mice, superantigen-induced proliferation is followed by deletion or anergy of reactive t cells. so far, superantigen-induced t-cell anergy has not been observed in humans. we therefore examined pbmcs derived from a 15-year-old patient suffering from severe toxic shock syndrome. markedly elevated levels of circulating tsst-1-reactive t cells were found by cytofluorometr ... | 1996 | 8655359 |
| prokaryotic production of the human t cell receptor vbeta2 chain and binding to toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1. | the human t-cell receptor vbeta2-, d- and j-encoding domains were pcr-amplified from molt-4 total cdna and subcloned in escherichia coli. the v/d/j fragment was subsequently transferred to a prokaryotic expression vector in frame with a polyhistidine-encoding prosequence which enabled us to affinity-purify the fusion protein with imac (immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography [correction of chromatorgraphy]). since the recombinant (re-) human t-cell receptor vbeta2 fusion protein (vbeta2 so ... | 1996 | 8654955 |
| differential effects of glycero- and sphingo-phospholipolysis on human high-density lipoprotein fluidity. | this study investigates the effect of enzymatic modifications of the hdl(3) surface lipid composition on their physical properties. human hdl(3) (d: 1.125-1.21 g/ml) was treated either by an exogenous phospholipase a(2) from crotalus adamanteus or by a sphingomyelinase from staphylococcus aureus in the presence of albumin for various periods of time in order to obtain several degrees of hydrolysis. glycerophospholipid hydrolysis ranged from 13 to 81% and sphingomyelinase action led to a 31-92% s ... | 1996 | 8652647 |
| superantigens: structure and relevance to human disease. | superantigens are a class of immunostimulatory molecules produced by bacteria and viruses. their potent immune effects are due to their unique ability to bind to the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) outside the antigen-binding cleft and to stimulate t cells in a t-cell receptor (tcr) vbeta-specific manner. structural studies have revealed the binding sites involved in the mhc/superantigen/tcr complex. the bacterial superantigens are responsible for a number of syndromes, including food poi ... | 1996 | 8650257 |
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in normal human b lymphocytes. | a variety of signals, mediated via either the b cell ag receptor (bcr), or non-bcr molecules such as cd40 or cytokine receptors, have been shown to be crucial for the regulation of b cell survival, growth, and differentiation. although it is clear that a variety of signaling pathways can be activated in b cells in a stimulus-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether differential activation of these signaling pathways is the underlying mechanism controlling b cell fate, i.e., growth vs differe ... | 1996 | 8648095 |
| stimulation of natural interferon-alpha/beta-producing cells by staphylococcus aureus. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) produced high levels of antiviral activity, as determined by bioassay, when stimulated by staphylococcus aureus cowan i (sac) and e. coli. specific immunoassays demonstrated the presence of both ifn-alpha and gamma and, for sac, also low levels of ifn-beta. the frequencies of sac-induced if n-alpha-producing cells (ipcs) were up to 1-2 per 10(3) pbmcs. these ipcs expressed the hla-dr and cd4 antigens but not cd3, cd14, or cd19, thus resembling the ... | 1996 | 8640455 |
| cultured kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells fail to stimulate t cell proliferation. | prior to the aids epidemic, kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was a rare neoplasm. however, in the context of immunosuppression, cutaneous ks lesions more frequently develop and express various surface molecules recognized by t cells such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1; cd54) and hla-dr. the ks tumor cells are thought to arise locally from endothelial cells via a transdifferentiation process. to determine if ks tumor cells can stimulate resting t cell proliferation, we asked whether the tumor ... | 1996 | 8625559 |
| in vitro inhibition by intravenous immunoglobulin of human t cell-dependent b cell differentiation induced by staphylococcal superantigens. | treatment with intravenous ig (ivig) is efficacious not only in humoral immunodeficiency diseases but in several nonimmunodeficiency disorders as well. since microbial superantigens (sag) have been postulated to play a role in promoting in vivo pathogenic autoantibody production and since ivig preparations are rich in anti-sag antibodies, we tested whether ivig could inhibit in vitro sag-driven human t cell-dependent b cell differentiation. we demonstrate that ivig inhibits such b cell different ... | 1996 | 8620618 |
| lipoteichoic acid from staphylococcus aureus depresses contractile function of human arteries in vitro due to the induction of nitric oxide synthase. | the aim of this study was to clarify the role of gram-positive organisms in the genesis of sepsis. in the present study, we investigated the effect of lipoteichoic acid (lta) from the cell wall of staphylococcus aureus on contractions elicited by norepinephrine (ne) in rings cut from human gastroepiploic arteries. lta diminished the contractile response to ne. this attenuation began after several hours of exposure, whether or not endothelium was present. the cyclic guanosine monophosphate conten ... | 1996 | 8610904 |