Publications

second-generation cephalosporins.		1986	3081544
identity of hemolysins produced by vibrio cholerae non-o1 and v. cholerae o1, biotype el tor.	hemolysins purified from non-o1 vibrio cholerae (non-o1 hemolysin) and a vibrio cholerae o1, biotype el tor (el tor hemolysin) were investigated for their homology. the hemolysins were isolated from the culture supernatant fluids by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on sephadex g-100 columns. the purified hemolysins gave single bands with an identical mobility on conventional polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. the molecular weights of the non-o1 and el tor hemolysins were e ...	1986	3081448
the provenance of extradural haematomas.		2011	3081152
evidence that pulsatile follicle-stimulating hormone secretion is independent of endogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.	although lhrh can stimulate the release of both lh and fsh from the pituitary, there are a number of instances in which the secretion of lh and fsh are divergent. previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that pulsatile lh and fsh secretion are independently regulated by gonadal factors. we have, therefore, reexamined the role of lhrh in regulating pulsatile gonadotropin secretion by evaluating the effect of passive lhrh immunoneutralization on lh and fsh secretion in castrate adult ma ...	1986	3080310
massive bladder hemorrhage.		2010	3080196
antagonism of antigen-induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig trachea by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.	tracheal strips were obtained from guinea pigs actively sensitized to chicken ovalbumin (oa). oa-induced contractile responses, obtained by cumulative log addition, were found to be comparable both temporally and in magnitude with responses obtained by single addition of oa. the concentration-response curve obtained by cumulative addition of oa was partially inhibited by pretreatment of tissues with chlorpheniramine. on tracheal spirals treated with chlorpheniramine, indomethacin enhanced oa-ind ...	1986	3079739
lipopolysaccharide structures in enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio cholerae are immunologically related to campylobacter spp.	to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (lps) structures of campylobacter species are immunologically related to those of 11 other gram-negative organisms, we immunoblotted from polyacrylamide gels the lps of these strains with immune rabbit serum raised against six campylobacter jejuni strains and two campylobacter fetus strains. the lps studied were from salmonella minnesota wild type and ra to re mutants, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and pseudo ...	1986	3079730
internal chain cleavage and product heterogeneity during edman degradation of isosteric peptide analogs lacking the alpha-carbonyl function.	a synthetic peptide analog, with one peptide carbonyl group replaced by a methylene bridge, was submitted to structural analysis by edman degradation. multiple cleavages were obtained in the first cycle, due to phenylthiocarbamylation of the internal secondary amine as well as spontaneous alkaline cyclization and subsequent recoupling with the edman reagent. three fragments from cleavage of the peptide analog after a single edman cycle were purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chrom ...	2011	3079711
hurricanes and hospital emergency-room visits--mississippi, rhode island, connecticut.		2011	3079617
papers presented at a joint meeting of the paediatric section of the royal society of medicine, the paediatric group of the british dietetic association and the nutrition and metabolism group of the british paediatric association. birmingham, 27th june 1987.		2011	3079581
rat pulmonary artery wall injury by chronic intermittent infusions of escherichia coli endotoxin. obliterative vasculitis and vascular occlusion.	to examine the effect of intermittent endotoxemia on rat pulmonary artery structure and hemodynamic function we infused purified escherichia coli endotoxin on four occasions over 3 weeks (at 7-day intervals), through an indwelling catheter placed in the external jugular vein. the fourth infusion of endotoxin was associated with widespread but focal alveolar consolidation, reduced perfusion of small pulmonary arteries by lumen occlusion and obliteration, pulmonary vascular wall injury, and a peri ...	1986	3079547
rat pulmonary artery wall injury by chronic intermittent infusions of escherichia coli endotoxin. obliterative vasculitis and vascular occlusion.	to examine the effect of intermittent endotoxemia on rat pulmonary artery structure and hemodynamic function we infused purified escherichia coli endotoxin on four occasions over 3 weeks (at 7-day intervals), through an indwelling catheter placed in the external jugular vein. the fourth infusion of endotoxin was associated with widespread but focal alveolar consolidation, reduced perfusion of small pulmonary arteries by lumen occlusion and obliteration, pulmonary vascular wall injury, and a peri ...	1986	3079547
[comparative study of the production of enterotoxin by vibrio cholerae 01 and vibrio cholerae non-01].		1986	3079514
[effect of culture media on the production of cholera enterotoxin].		1986	3079511
vibrio cholerae and enteric bacteria in oyster-producing areas of two urban estuaries in australia.	three sampling sites in oyster-producing areas of 2 estuaries were monitored at intervals of about 2 weeks for 1 year. oysters (crassostrea commercialis), water and sediment were examined for vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli and salmonella. v. cholerae was detected in 20, 30 and 11% of oyster, water and sediment samples respectively. the highest incidence was in the autumn (march-may), with few isolations from july to october. most isolates were non-o1 serotypes. the presence of v. cholerae and ...	1988	3079469
molecular genetic approaches to the study of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae o1 is the aetiological agent responsible for cholera, an acute diarrhoeal disease of man, which has occurred in pandemic proportions and still persists. no satisfactory vaccine against cholera is currently in use. this has prompted considerable research on the molecular biology of the organism in order to gain an insight into the variety of its virulence determinants and the mechanisms by which they function and are controlled.	1988	3079181
[hearing disturbances and hearing loss of occupational origin in dentistry].		2011	3078965
[surgical face masks. a contribution to the observation of their filter on scanning electron microscope (sem)].		2011	3078929
[differential diagnosis of tmj dysfunction].		2011	3078924
[the future of electrovectocardiography].		2010	3078727
[the future of electrovectocardiography].		2010	3078727
immunoprotective oral whole cell vaccine for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli diarrhea prepared by in situ destruction of chromosomal and plasmid dna with colicin e2.	vaccine regimens which mimic actual infection with bacterial enteropathogens should offer the best opportunity for successful long-term immunoprotection against diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) or vibrio cholerae. based on this principle, we designed and tested an oral whole cell anti-etec vaccine consisting of intact cells of etec strain h-10407 (st+lt+; o78:h11:cfa/i) which were rendered incapable of replication by treatment with a potent dna endonuclease, co ...	1988	3078575
pattern-recognition echocardiography: problems in education for a rapidly growing profession.		2010	3078554
[new sweeteners, a tasty approach to caries prevention].		2011	3077805
[longitudinal 4-year observation of the hypermobile abutment teeth in perio-prosthetic therapy].		2011	3077633
human extraintestinal infections caused by aeromonas species.		1988	3077631
[strategy and methods of tooth preservation in permanent teeth from the cariologic, endodontic and periodontic perspective].		2011	3076993
adaptation of the respiratory system.		2011	3076835
a two-year study of enteric infections associated with diarrhoeal diseases in children in urban somalia.	a hospital-based systematic sample of 1667 children with severe diarrhoeal disease was studied in mogadishu, somalia, throughout 1983 and 1984. one or more enteric pathogens were found in 61% of the patients. rotavirus (25%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (11%), shigella spp. (9%), aeromonas hydrophila (9%), giardia lamblia trophozoites (8%), campylobacter jejuni (8%), and vibrio cholerae non-o1 (6%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. age-specific detection rates of enteric pathog ...	1988	3076719
effect of type of fluoride compound and fluoride concentration on the caries inhibition of dentifrices.		2011	3076525
t- and b-cell recognition of hepatitis b viral antigens.		2011	3076412
promoter selectivity of prokaryotic rna polymerases.		2011	3076288
promoter selectivity of prokaryotic rna polymerases.		2011	3076288
neuropeptides in the uveal tract.		2011	3076148
hmg coa reductase inhibitors. current clinical experience.	lovastatin and simvastatin are the 2 best-known members of the class of hypolipidaemic agents known as hmg coa reductase inhibitors. clinical experience with lovastatin includes over 5000 patients, 700 of whom have been treated for 2 years or more, and experience with simvastatin includes over 3500 patients, of whom 350 have been treated for 18 months or more. lovastatin has been marketed in the united states for over 6 months. both agents show substantial clinical efficacy, with reductions in t ...	2011	3076126
[the beginning of the cholera epidemic in subotica in 1873].		2011	3075699
the role of the ras oncogene in the formation of tumours.	a c-ha-ras 1 oncogene, cloned from the ej human bladder carcinoma cell line, was inserted into a shuttle vector carrying the selectable marker gene gpt that encodes the enzyme xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. this construct, psv2gptej, was transfected into nih 3t3 cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation method and cells that had incorporated the plasmid were selected by growth in the presence of mycophenolic acid to which gpt confers resistance. a number of transfectant clones w ...	1988	3075615
the role of the ras oncogene in the formation of tumours.	a c-ha-ras 1 oncogene, cloned from the ej human bladder carcinoma cell line, was inserted into a shuttle vector carrying the selectable marker gene gpt that encodes the enzyme xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. this construct, psv2gptej, was transfected into nih 3t3 cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation method and cells that had incorporated the plasmid were selected by growth in the presence of mycophenolic acid to which gpt confers resistance. a number of transfectant clones w ...	1988	3075615
treatment of heart failure associated with acute and chronic forms of ischaemic heart disease by captopril (tensiomin, egis).	the effect of oral tensiomin treatment, 53.4 mg daily in 29 patients suffering from congestive heart failure associated with acute of chronic forms of ischaemic heart disease, e.g., recent and/or advanced myocardial infarction, aneurysm etc. was studied. the acute and long-term beneficial haemodynamic effects were verified in 4 patients by thermodilution swan-ganz catheterization as well. the parameters of ejection function improved moderately, while left ventricular filling pressure (pcw) decre ...	2011	3075396
escherichia coli.		1988	3075217
radiological and ultrasonographical diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer.		2011	3075054
[therapeutic prospects of interferon in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia].		2011	3075051
screening for cancer.	screening has proved effective for only two cancer sites, the breast and the cervix uteri. only for these, therefore, should screening be a part of routine clinical practice. the degree to which screening is effective depends on whether appropriate groups are screened. for cancer of the breast, current evidence justifies mammographic screening every two years only from the age of 50, continuing at least to the age of 70. the place of breast self-examination and physical examination of the breast ...	2010	3074570
[the antagonistic activity of lactobacilli relative to cholera vibrios and to non-o1-group cholera vibrios in vitro].		1988	3074247
the early history of contracture of the palmar fascia. part 2: the revolution in paris: guillaume dupuytren: dupuytren's disease.		2010	3074150
the early history of contracture of the palmar fascia. part 2: the revolution in paris: guillaume dupuytren: dupuytren's disease.		2010	3074150
[mediterranean kaposi's sarcoma. associated pathology in a case study of 100 patients].		2011	3074041
stroke.		2011	3073907
malaria, the scourge of the tropics. historical references to malaria in sri lanka and some notable episodes up to present times.		2008	3073872
malaria, the scourge of the tropics. historical references to malaria in sri lanka and some notable episodes up to present times.		2008	3073872
7-oxo-pgi2 induced late appearing and long lasting antiischaemic and antiarrhythmic action in dogs.	in our earlier experiments administration of the stable pgi2 analogue: 7-oxo-pgi2-ephedrine salt to dogs resulted in a late-appearing and long-lasting protection from coronary ligation induced ischaemia as well as from postocclusion and reperfusion arrhythmias. objective of the present study was to evaluate the extent and duration of antiischaemic and antiarrhythmic action induced by a single dose 50 ug/kg i.m. 7-oxo-pgi2 in dogs subjected to myocardial ischaemia evoked by left anterior descendi ...	1988	3073767
[vocal rehabilitation with tracheo-esophageal prosthesis: protocol adopted by the naples school. ii--post-operative patient assistance: implantation of the tracheo-esophageal prosthesis and tracheostomic valve].		2011	3073641
[expression of gene for the vibrio cholerae toxin in escherichia coli].		1988	3073574
the origin of "natural antibodies" and the internal activity in the immune system.		2010	3073179
the importance of the induction of gene expression and differentiation by cytotoxic chemotherapy.		2011	3072997
assessment of aortocoronary bypass graft patency by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography compared to selective graft angiography.	the value of digital subtraction angiography (dsa), in assessing aortocoronary bypass graft patency, was evaluated by studying 22 consecutive patients with 54 aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts, who had postoperative angina pectoris. each patient underwent selective graft angiography and non-gated dsa. the dsa consisted of a run of 15 to 20 frames, taken at 2.3 frames per second during injection of diluted contrast in the ascending aorta, performed after a test exposure was made. thirty- ...	2011	3072949
diphtheria toxin entry: protein translocation in the reverse direction.		2005	3072713
[infarct in benign breast diseases. description of 4 new cases].		2010	3072514
[infarct in benign breast diseases. description of 4 new cases].		2010	3072514
[the structure, functions and classification of mental states and their study in work activities].	the actuality of the studies and the diagnosis of the psychic conditions, arising from the work activity is well-grounded. the necessity of further extension and perfection of the methodical means and approaches for their investigation is underlined. the experience of the systematic approach is well-grounded, proceeding from the existing in the modern psychologic science ideas for the component structure, functions and classification of the psychic conditions, arising periodically in the work ac ...	2011	3071791
ultrasound in the diagnosis of splenic abscess. case report.		2011	3071730
transport of branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding 2-keto acids by mammalian cells.		1988	3071709
[ultrastructural changes induced by antiseptics in various bacterial species].	due to the succinate-neotetrazolium technique, the authors were able to photograph with electronic microscopy, for the first time, different antiseptics, including "javelle water", attacking bacteria.	1988	3071430
effect of interleukin-1 on the biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin in isolated rat pancreatic islets.	insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is often preceded or associated with lymphocytic infiltration in the islets of langerhans (insulitis). we recently demonstrated that interleukin-1 (il-1) produced by activated macrophages exerts a bimodal effect on insulin release and biosynthesis in isolated rat islets. in the present study we have further analysed the effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (ril-1) on the biosynthesis and conversion of proinsulin 1 and 2 in rat islets. by rp-hp ...	1988	3071362
[vaccination against cholera: what prospects?].		1988	3071278
pancreatic abnormalities in patients with eating disorders.	in patients with eating disorders, we evaluated pancreatic abnormalities using serum elastase 1 measurement by ria and the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (50 g ogtt). twenty-one patients had anorexia nervosa (an) with bulimia and vomiting (an-b group), 30 had an without bulimia or vomiting (an-r group), and 25 had bulimia with normal body weight (b group). the serum elastase 1 level was determined on admission and repeated after body weight gain in 43 anorectic patients. the 50 g ogtt was perf ...	2011	3070620
a behavioral perspective on conduct disorders.	this paper provides a selective overview of behavioral approaches for conduct-disordered behavior. although no definitive statement can be made regarding etiology, some empirical support exists for behavioral strategies. assessment approaches discussed include the behavioral interview, behavioral observations, and behavioral checklists. decisions regarding types of behavioral interventions to be employed directly follow from assessment data. assessment information can be formulated in terms of a ...	2009	3070609
a behavioral perspective on conduct disorders.	this paper provides a selective overview of behavioral approaches for conduct-disordered behavior. although no definitive statement can be made regarding etiology, some empirical support exists for behavioral strategies. assessment approaches discussed include the behavioral interview, behavioral observations, and behavioral checklists. decisions regarding types of behavioral interventions to be employed directly follow from assessment data. assessment information can be formulated in terms of a ...	2009	3070609
[stereotaxic ventriculocisternostomy in the treatment of triventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. apropos of 23 cases].	during the period january 1975-october 1987, we performed stereotactic ventriculocisternostomy (v.c.s.) on 23 patients (13 m., 10 f.; age: 11-73 years, m: 33). sometimes used as an isolated therapeutic procedure, v.c.s. may also follow stereotactic biopsies using talairach's methodology. serial stereotactic biopsies were performed in 15 out of 23 patients showing 11 tumoral lesion, two arachnoïdal cysts and two cryptic vascular malformations. eight patients presented with an isolated aqueductal ...	2008	3070419
cloned polynucleotide and synthetic oligonucleotide probes used in colony hybridization are equally efficient in the identification of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	restriction endonuclease-generated polynucleotide and synthetically produced oligonucleotide gene probes used in colony hybridization assays proved to be efficient for the detection and differentiation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. to compare their relative efficiencies, these two sets of probes were radiolabeled with 32p and were applied to 74 strains of e. coli with known enterotoxin profiles and to 156 previously unexamined e. coli isolates. the enterotoxigenic bacteria vibrio cholerae ...	1988	3069860
intestinal ion and nutrient transport in health and infectious diarrhoeal diseases.	absorption of water from the intestine occurs in response to the osmotic gradient as a passive consequence of the active transfer of solutes (nutrients and electrolytes, with na absorption playing a key role) from the intestinal lumen to the serosal side. during intestinal infections, several possible derangements of such a situation may occur, ultimately leading to the shift of net water absorption to secretion and, thus, to diarrhoea. in rotaviral diarrhoea, the mature enterocytes are invaded ...	2011	3069442
felodipine. a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension.	felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which selectively relaxes vascular smooth muscle. by acting at peripheral arterioles, it lowers systemic vascular resistance and thereby produces substantial decreases in blood pressure and increases in cardiac output. felodipine is indicated for the management of hypertension, and in patients with mild to moderate disease felodipine monotherapy markedly lowers blood pressure. it proved as effective as atenolol, and equivalent to hydrochlorothia ...	2011	3069435
scientific rationale for management of diabetes in pregnancy. recent approaches with innovative computer-based technology.	a series of recent studies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus is reviewed. during the studies, which were designed to gain a better understanding of the etiology of perinatal morbidity, a novel means of collecting ambulatory blood glucose values was employed. subjects used specially modified reflectance meters with onboard memories to record each value with corresponding time and date. the data were transmitted to a microcomputer and rapidly analyzed to permit effective follow-up in the ...	2011	3069393
management and prevention of bacterial diarrhea.	the etiology, pathogenesis, transmission and communicability, diagnosis, and management of infectious diarrhea are reviewed. infectious diarrhea is common in both industrialized and unindustrialized areas of the world. better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis and identification of "new" enteric pathogens has resulted in the use of a variety of drugs to relieve symptoms or to effect a clinical cure. both host and microbial virulence factors are key in the acquisition of diarrheal ill ...	1988	3069286
[pharmacokinetic and toxicologic aspects of stress].		2011	3069119
history of medicine in alaska.		2011	3068995
[consequences of pyodestructive pyelonephritis in patients subjected to surgery during pregnancy].		2011	3068874
neck pain.	six conditions cause most of the neck pain complaints seen by primary care physicians: cervical muscle strain or sprain, torticollis, acceleration injury, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, and cervical osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. most of them can be diagnosed and treated by the primary care physician. of the more unusual causes, one should not miss a clinical fracture; a herniated cervical disc, spinal cord compression from a disc, or epidural tumor; infection of the disc or the ...	2010	3068689
stimulation of escherichia coli division by low-intensity monochromatic visible light.		1988	3068688
the history of hormone assays.		2010	3068672
[a case of pancreatic carcinoid tumor].		2011	3068580
kluyvera species soft tissue infection: case report and review.	a soft tissue infection caused by kluyvera species in a previously healthy woman is described. successful treatment required incision and drainage of the wound in addition to administration of antibiotics. kluyvera species are indole positive, voges-proskauer negative members of the family enterobacteriaceae. previous reports of infection due to kluyvera species suggest that the organism is never more than an opportunistic pathogen; however, we report the first case of infection in a previously ...	1988	3068255
biochemical and other markers of colon cancer.	advances in the understanding of biochemical and molecular processes associated with cellular growth and differentiation, as well as colonic carcinogenesis hold promise for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for this disease. altered glycosylation of cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates appear to be useful markers in differentiating normal from malignant colonic tissue. new information regarding deletion and inappropriate expression of several blood group-related c ...	2011	3068143
hepatitis vaccines.		2011	3068135
the politics of birth control.	by the time senate subcommittee hearings on the "population crisis" ended in 1968, a sizeable consensus had begun to emerge favoring government support of voluntary family planning programs at home and abroad. the goal to develop a national family planning program was easier to set than to accomplish, however, and there have been no lack of difficult questions to haggle over in the past 20 years. beginning with the johnson administration, the executive branch of government has tended to favor bl ...	2011	3068073
operative anatomy and technique of radical parametrial resection in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer.	wertheim's radical operation aimed, by removing the parametrial tissue far from the tumour, to achieve margins free of disease. the paratissues contain the lymphatic channels draining the cervix. they run to the pelvic wall and are interspersed by lymph nodes scattered throughout the parametrium. if lymphadenectomy is to be curative then the entire parametrium must be removed. to this end the resection of the cardinal ligament was pushed to its limit by dissection directly at the pelvic wall. th ...	2010	3067946
operative anatomy and technique of radical parametrial resection in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer.	wertheim's radical operation aimed, by removing the parametrial tissue far from the tumour, to achieve margins free of disease. the paratissues contain the lymphatic channels draining the cervix. they run to the pelvic wall and are interspersed by lymph nodes scattered throughout the parametrium. if lymphadenectomy is to be curative then the entire parametrium must be removed. to this end the resection of the cardinal ligament was pushed to its limit by dissection directly at the pelvic wall. th ...	2010	3067946
the 'bn2' gene, a regulator for the onset of chromosome condensation.		2011	3067728
monitoring of cardiac transplants with beta 2-microglobulin, cytoimmunological monitoring and endmyocardial biopsy: what's their value in detecting rejection?		2011	3067712
[academic dissertations of military pharmacists on the history of pharmacy].		2011	3067684
[melanoma of the glans penis: report of a case and review of the literature].		2011	3067663
alz 50 recognizes abnormal filaments in alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	the monoclonal antibody alz 50 recognizes a 68-kda protein present in large amounts in cerebral tissue of patients with alzheimer's disease (ad). we used light and electron microscopic as well as quantitative immunochemical techniques to compare distribution, characteristics, and amount of alz 50 antigen in the tegmental nuclei of the pons of subjects with progressive supranuclear palsy (psp) and subjects with ad. in both conditions alz 50 antigen was found in neurons with and without neurofibri ...	2011	3067653
[ablation of 2 greenfield intracardiac filters].		2011	3067649
an on-line detection system for aerosols of proteolytic enzymes.		2011	3067643
group b streptococcal infections. perinatal impact and prevention methods.		1988	3067638
captopril--a new approach for treatment of male subfertility?		2011	3067628
genetic structure of the saguenay, 1852-1911: evidence from migration and isonymy matrices.	the saguenay is a region in northeastern québec populated in the second half of the 19th century through migration from other parts of québec. the present-day population of nearly 300,000 is the result of both immigration and high rates of intrinsic growth. this population has been of interest to geneticists because of the high incidence of certain hereditary diseases, notably spastic ataxia, tyrosinemia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, vitamin d-dependent rickets, and myotonic dystrophy. paren ...	2010	3067584
genetic structure of the saguenay, 1852-1911: evidence from migration and isonymy matrices.	the saguenay is a region in northeastern québec populated in the second half of the 19th century through migration from other parts of québec. the present-day population of nearly 300,000 is the result of both immigration and high rates of intrinsic growth. this population has been of interest to geneticists because of the high incidence of certain hereditary diseases, notably spastic ataxia, tyrosinemia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, vitamin d-dependent rickets, and myotonic dystrophy. paren ...	2010	3067584
implications of involuntary outpatient commitment for community mental health agencies.	mental health laws regarding involuntary commitment are under pressure for reform in many states. one popular proposal is to use direct involuntary commitment to outpatient treatment without initial hospitalization or preventive detention. this article reviews the empirical evidence concerning this approach, and discusses administrative and policy implications for community mental health agencies that will bear the burden of such reform.	2010	3067583
implications of involuntary outpatient commitment for community mental health agencies.	mental health laws regarding involuntary commitment are under pressure for reform in many states. one popular proposal is to use direct involuntary commitment to outpatient treatment without initial hospitalization or preventive detention. this article reviews the empirical evidence concerning this approach, and discusses administrative and policy implications for community mental health agencies that will bear the burden of such reform.	2010	3067583