Publications

amelioration of d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats by dietary supplementation with betaine derived from sugar beet molasses.	the effects of betaine supplementation on d-galactosamine-induced liver injury were examined in terms of hepatic and serum enzyme activities and of the levels of glutathione and betaine-derived intermediates. the rats induced with liver injury showed marked increases in serum enzyme activity, but those receiving dietary supplementation of 1% betaine showed enzyme activity levels similar to a control group without liver injury. administration of betaine also increased both hepatic and serum gluta ...	2011	21737928
detection and characterization of spontaneous internal deletion mutants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna3 from systemic host nicotiana benthamiana.	beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a member of the genus benyvirus causing a worldwide sugar beet disease rhizomania. bnyvv contains four or five plus-sense single stranded rnas. in altered selective conditions, multipartite rna viruses of plant are prone to undergoing internal deletions, thus turning into defective rnas (d rnas). although several d rnas have been reported in bnyvv infection, the spontaneous internal deletion mutants responsible for severe symptom in systemic host nicoti ...	2011	21718549
the spatial genetic structure of cytoplasmic (cpdna) and nuclear (allozyme) markers within and among populations of the gynodioecious thymus vulgaris (labiatae) in southern france.	recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of techniques to contrast spatial differentiation in nuclear and cytoplasmic genes and thus provide important data on relative levels of gene flow by pollen and seed in higher plants. in this paper, we compare the spatial structure of nuclear (allozymes) and cytoplasmic (cpdna) genes among populations of the gynodioecious thymus vulgaris in southern france. based on a combination of three restriction enzymes (cfoi, ecorv, and psti ...	1997	21708571
in vitro dual culture of polymyxa betae in agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed sugar beet hairy roots in liquid media.	abstract. polymyxa betae is a soil-borne protist and an obligate parasite of sugar beet that transmits the beet necrotic yellow vein virus. sugar beet hairy roots, transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes, were inoculated with surface-sterilized root fragments infected by p. betae. after 10ôçâwk in a liquid medium, typical structures of p. betae were observed in this in vitro system. this first in vitro culture of p. betae in liquid medium will contribute to a better understanding of this protist ...	2011	21699623
a horizontally transferred trna(cys) gene in the sugar beet mitochondrial genome: evidence that the gene is present in diverse angiosperms and its transcript is aminoacylated.	of the two trna(cys) (gca) genes, trnc1-gca and trnc2-gca, previously identified in mitochondrial genome of sugar beet, the former is a native gene and probably a pseudo-copy, whereas the latter, of unknown origin, is transcribed into a trna [trna(cys2) (gca)]. in this study, the trnc2-gca sequence was mined from various public databases. to evaluate whether or not the trnc2-gca sequence is located in the mitochondrial genome, the relative copy number of its sequence to nuclear gene was assessed ...	2011	21699590
addition of genes for cellobiase and pectinolytic activity in escherichia coli for fuel ethanol production from pectin-rich lignocellulosic biomass.	ethanologenic escherichia coli strain ko11 was sequentially engineered to contain the klebsiella oxytoca cellobiose phosphotransferase genes (casab) as well as a pectate lyase (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi, yielding strains ly40a (casab) and jp07 (casab pele), respectively. to obtain an effective secretion of pele, the sec-dependent pathway out genes from e. chrysanthemi were provided on a cosmid to strain jp07 to construct strain jp07c. finally, oligogalacturonide lyase (ogl) from e. chrysan ...	2011	21666025
fitness of cuscuta salina (convolvulaceae) parasitizing beta vulgaris (chenopodiaceae) grown under different salinity regimes.	the distribution of saltmarsh dodder (cuscuta salina) worldwide is restricted to areas of high salinity, where it parasitizes a variety of salt-tolerant plants. because dodders do not maintain root connections to the soil, this pattern of parasitization may be related to the effects of salt stress on the host that increase the ability of attached dodders to more easily transfer host contents. this study explored whether a saline host environment is required for successful infection and whether s ...	2003	21659202
[experimental food-induced fatty liver and its adjuvant therapy with natural bioactive substances].	changes of redox-homeostasis generate cytokines, and free radicals influence many intracellular signaling pathways in different liver diseases. liophylised table beet and carrot powder (gps powder kft. 1361/004/2003bfáééá) containing bioactive components such as betaine, betanins, betaxanthins, flavonoids, polyphenols, glutamine, beta carotene, vitamins and folic acid may induce changes in various cellular pathways.	2011	21652297
use of granulated sugar therapy in the management of sloughy or necrotic wounds: a pilot study.	objective: to determine the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of three types of sugar and conduct a pilot clinical study with a view to developing a protocol for a randomised controlled trial (rct). method: in the in vitro studies three types of granulated sugar (demerara, granulated beet sugar and granulated cane sugar) were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) against 18 gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a micro-titre broth dilution assay; growth inhibitio ...	2011	21647066
exploiting green analytical procedures for acidity and iron assays employing flow analysis with simple natural reagent extracts.	green analytical methods employing flow analysis with simple natural reagent extracts have been exploited. various formats of flow based analysis systems including a single line fia, a simple lab on chip with webcam camera detector, and a newly developed simple lab on chip system with reflective absorption detection and the simple extracts from some available local plants including butterfly pea flower, orchid flower, and beet root were investigated and shown to be useful as alternative self ind ...	2011	21641458
pathogenicity, symptom development, and mycotoxin formation in wheat by fusarium species frequently isolated from sugar beet.	crop rotations with putative non-host crops like sugar beet are often recommended to reduce fusarium head blight (fhb) in cereals. however, recent observations have shown pathogenic, endophytic, and saprotrophic colonization of sugar beet with various fusarium species. therefore, strains of seven species frequently isolated from sugar beet were tested for pathogenicity on wheat. species-specific symptoms on heads and kernels were evaluated and the grains were analyzed for 17 mycotoxins with lc-m ...	2011	21635142
aiming for the complete utilization of sugar-beet pulp: examination of the effects of mild acid and hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzymatic digestion.	biomass use for the production of bioethanol or platform chemicals requires efficient breakdown of biomass to fermentable monosaccharides. lignocellulosic feedstocks often require physicochemical pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis can begin. the optimal pretreatment can be different for different feedstocks, and should not lead to biomass destruction or formation of toxic products.	2011	21627804
sucrose: a prospering and sustainable organic raw material.	sucrose (alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-fructofuranoside) is an inexpensive chemical produced by sugar cane and sugar beet cultivation. chemical and/or biochemical transformations convert it into highly valuable synthetic intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf), bioethylene, 1,2-propylene glycol and levulinic acid. sucrose can also be converted into biodegradable polymers such as polyesters and polyurethanes, as well as into novel carbohydrates such as isomaltulose, trehalulos ...	2010	21626746
the arabidopsis thaliana homeobox gene athb12 is involved in symptom development caused by geminivirus infection.	geminiviruses are single-stranded dna viruses that infect a number of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. arabidopsis is susceptible to infection with the curtovirus, beet severe curly top virus (bsctv). infection of arabidopsis with bsctv causes severe symptoms characterized by stunting, leaf curling, and the development of abnormal inflorescence and root structures. bsctv-induced symptom development requires the virus-encoded c4 protein which is thought to interact with specific plant- ...	2011	21625602
occurrence of clostridium perfringens from different cultivated soils.	the occurrence of clostridium perfringens was estimated in 750 samples originated from a variety of soils bearing various bulb crops: brawnica oderacea (vegetable), olea europaea, daucus carota (carote), solanum tuberosum (potato), phaseolus vulgaris (green haricot), beta vulgaris var. rapaceum (beetroot), cucurbita pepo (squash), allium cepa (onion), cucumis sativus (cucumber) and capsicum annum (pepper). all isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial activities to amoxicillin, penici ...	2011	21621626
development of a new high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the determination of low molecular mass organic acids in plant tissue extracts.	a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method has been developed for the direct and simultaneous determination of 10 low molecular mass organic acids in different plant tissue extracts. the method does not include a derivatization step. quantification was accomplished using (13)c-labeled malic and succinic acids as internal standards. good limits of detection (0.05-1.27 pmol) were obtained for malic, 2-oxoglutaric, succinic, quinic, shikimic, cis-aconiti ...	2011	21619056
mustard bran in lactating dairy cow diets.	two trials using lactating holstein cows were conducted to evaluate effects of a diet containing oriental mustard bran on dry matter intake (dmi), milk production, milk components, and organoleptic properties. in experiment 1, 34 lactating cows (24 multiparous and 10 primiparous; days in milk ≥50 d) were used in a switchback design to determine the lactational response and organoleptic quality of milk when the diet contained 8% oriental mustard bran (mb) versus a control diet (con). mustard bran ...	2011	21605775
prospects for using nonconventional feeds in diets for awassi dairy sheep in syria.	high feed costs are major obstacles for resource-poor dairy sheep farmers in west asia, along with large fluctuation in grain and straw prices. farmers need low-cost diets using locally available feeds that can provide sufficient milk of good quality. two experimental trials were conducted on awassi milking ewes to evaluate nonconventional and balanced low-cost diets against the traditional unbalanced diet used by farmers (control) on the total yields (milk, fat, protein, and total solids) and m ...	2011	21605771
structural and content diversity of mitochondrial genome in beet: a comparative genomic analysis.	despite their monophyletic origin, mitochondrial (mt) genomes of plants and animals have developed contrasted evolutionary paths over time. animal mt genomes are generally small, compact, and exhibit high mutation rates, whereas plant mt genomes exhibit low mutation rates, little compactness, larger sizes, and highly rearranged structures. we present the (nearly) whole sequences of five new mt genomes in the beta genus: four from beta vulgaris and one from b. macrocarpa, a sister species belongi ...	2011	21602571
mechanical unfolding of the beet western yellow virus -1 frameshift signal.	using mechanical unfolding by optical tweezers (ot) and steered molecular dynamics (smd) simulations, we have demonstrated the critical role of mg(2+) ions for the resistance of the beet western yellow virus (bwyv) pseudoknot (pk) to unfolding. the two techniques were found to be complementary, providing information at different levels of molecular scale. findings from the ot experiments indicated a critical role of stem 1 for unfolding of the pk, which was confirmed in the smd simulations. the ...	2011	21598975
[activity of plant cells oxidative enzymes in conditions of experimental mycoplasmosis].	changes in activity of oxidative enzymes was shown when infecting the callus culture of sugar beet cells by phytopathogenic mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii var granulum 118. maximum indices of the enzyme activity were fixed 3 hours after infecting with regard to control: it was 49% for peroxidase, 38% for catalase and 45% for polyfenoloxidase. the decrease of enzymatic activity to 22%, 12% and 19%, respectively, was registered 5 hours after infecting, and after that all these indices became sta ...	2011	21598658
assessment of resistance risk in spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to chlorantraniliprole.	beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a major pest of numerous cultivated crops. chlorantraniliprole, the first commercialised ryanodine receptor insecticide from the anthranilic diamide class, has exceptional insecticidal activity on a range of lepidopteran pests. the aim of this study was to assess the resistance of s. exigua to chlorantraniliprole in the laboratory.	2011	21594963
epigenetic profiling of heterochromatic satellite dna.	sugar beet (beta vulgaris) chromosomes consist of large heterochromatic blocks in pericentromeric, centromeric, and intercalary regions comprised of two different highly abundant dna satellite families. to investigate dna methylation at single base resolution at heterochromatic regions, we applied a method for strand-specific bisulfite sequencing of more than 1,000 satellite monomers followed by statistical analyses. as a result, we uncovered diversity in the distribution of different methylatio ...	2011	21594600
feruloylated and nonferuloylated arabino-oligosaccharides from sugar beet pectin selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacterium spp. in human fecal in vitro fermentations.	the side chains of the rhamnogalacturonan i fraction in sugar beet pectin are particularly rich in arabinan moieties, which may be substituted with feruloyl groups. in this work the arabinan-rich fraction resulting from sugar beet pulp based pectin production was separated by amberlite xad hydrophobic interaction and membrane separation into four fractions based on feruloyl substitution and arabino-oligosaccharide chain length: short-chain (dp 2-10) and long-chain (dp 7-14) feruloylated and nonf ...	2011	21574556
influence of moisture content on microbial activity and silage quality during ensilage of food processing residues.	seasonally produced biomass such as sugar beet pulp (sbp) and tomato pomace (tp) needs to be stored properly to meet the demand of sustainable biofuel production industries. ensilage was used to preserve the feedstock. the effect of moisture content (mc) on the performance of ensilage and the relationship between microorganism activities and mc were investigated. for sbp, mc levels investigated were 80, 55, 30, and 10% on a wet basis. for tp, mc levels investigated were 60, 45, 30, and 10%. orga ...	2011	21573983
feed preference in pigs: effect of selected protein, fat, and fiber sources at different inclusion rates.	three double choice feeding experiments were conducted to study the effect of different feedstuffs on feed preference in pigs. fifteen protein sources, 6 fat sources, and 3 fiber sources were evaluated in exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. pigs were offered a series of double choices between a common reference diet and the diet with the ingredient under evaluation. the reference diet contained a soybean meal product with 56% cp (sbm-56), sunflower oil, and wheat bran, which were considered as the f ...	2011	21571898
polymorphic minisatellites in the mitochondrial dnas of oryza and brassica.	polymorphic analyses of angiosperm mitochondrial dna are rare in comparison with chloroplast dna, because few target sequences in angiosperm mitochondrial dna are known. minisatellites, a tandem array of repeated sequences with a repeat unit of 10 to ~100 bp, are popular target sequences of animal mitochondria, but beta vulgaris is the only known angiosperm species for which such an analysis has been conducted. from this lack of information, it was uncertain as to whether polymorphic minisatelli ...	2011	21562713
characteristics and mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal by biochar from sugar beet tailing.	removal of cr(vi) from aqueous solutions using biochar from sugar beet tailing (sbt) was investigated as a function of ph, contact time, and biochar mass via batch experiments. the surface characteristics of sbt biochar before and after cr(vi) sorption was investigated with scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. desorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed that most of the cr bound to sbt bioc ...	2011	21550718
chlorophyll fluorescence protocol for quick detection of triazinone resistant chenopodium album l.	sugar beet growers in europe are more often confronted with an unsatisfactory control of chenopodium album l. (fat-hen), possibly due to the presence of a triazinone resistant biotype. so far, two mutations on the psba-gene, i.e. ser264-gly and ala251-val, are known to cause resistance in c. album to the photosystem ii-inhibiting triazinones metamitron, a key herbicide in sugar beet, and metribuzin. the ser264-gly biotype, cross-resistant to many other photosystem ii-inhibitors like the triazine ...	2010	21542471
distribution of metamitron-resistant chenopodium album l. in belgian sugar beet.	chenopodium album l. (fat-hen) with a ser264-gly mutation is resistant to photosystem ii-inhibiting herbicides like the triazinone metamitron, a key herbicide in sugar beet. in recent years, this resistant biotype may cause unsatisfactory weed control in belgian sugar beet. however, the dimension of the problem was yet unknown. therefore, a survey was conducted in 2008 covering the whole belgian sugar beet area. in randomly selected fields, c. album plants surviving weed control were counted and ...	2010	21542469
arabidopsis thaliana, a new tool to investigate polymyxa betae-host interactions.	little is known about the genome of polymyxa betae and its interactions with sugar beet, due partly to the obligate nature of the protist and the patents on beta vulgaris sequences. the identification of an ecotype of arabidopsis thaliana compatible with the protist would help to improve this knowledge. the infection and development of p. betae in 14 worldwide ecotypes of a. thaliana were studied. the detection of plasmodia and resting spores and the production of zoospores in the roots of a. th ...	2010	21542467
juvenile hormone changes associated with diapause induction, maintenance, and termination in the beet webworm, loxostege sticticalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae).	at 22°c and under a long-day photoperiod of l:d 16:8, all the last fifth instar loxostege sticticalis larvae undergo prepupal stage and pupate without diapause. under a short-day photoperiod of l:d 12:12, in contrast, they all enter diapause with approximately 36 days diapause maintenance and then terminate diapause spontaneously, although only 44% of the larvae terminated diapause successfully. changes in hemolymph juvenile hormone (jh i) titers of diapause-destined larvae across diapause induc ...	2011	21541990
distribution of airborne mycosphaerella graminicola inoculum at the field scale.	a network of 10 burkard 7-day spore-recording traps was set up in the walloon region in belgium to monitor the airborne inoculum of wheat pathogens. three spore traps were used to analyse the distribution of mycosphaerella graminicola inoculum at the field scale, at 1 m above ground level. two traps were set up in a wheat field 100 m apart. the third trap was placed 70 m away in a sugar beet field adjacent to the wheat field. total dna from each fragment of spore trap tape corresponding to 1 day ...	2010	21534470
anaerobic co-digestion of by-products from sugar production with cow manure.	sugar beet leaves (sbl), sugar beet top (sbt), sugar beet pulp (sbp) and desugared molasses (dm) are by-products from the sugar production. in the present study we investigated the potential of sbl, sbt and sbp as feedstock for biogas production. the maximum methane potential of sbl, sbt and sbp determined by batch assays was found to be 490, 500 and 240 ml-ch(4)/gvs-added respectively. three reactor experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of co-digestion of sbp, dm and manure at ...	2011	21530994
explained variation in a fully specified model for data-grouped survival data.	an additive hazards model may be used to quantify the effect of genetic and environmental predictors on flowering of sugar beet plants recorded as data-grouped time-to-event data. estimated predictor effects have an intuitive interpretation rooted in the underlying time dynamics of the flowering process. however, agricultural experiments are often designed using several plots containing a large number of plants that are subsequently being monitored. in this article, we consider an additive hazar ...	2011	21517793
expression and substrate specificity of betaine/proline transporters suggest a novel choline transport mechanism in sugar beet.	proline transporters (prots) originally described as highly selective transporters for proline, have been shown to also transport glycinebetaine (betaine). here we examined and compared the transport properties of bet/prots from betaine accumulating (sugar beet, amaranthus, and atriplex,) and non-accumulating (arabidopsis) plants. using a yeast mutant deficient for uptake of proline and betaine, it was shown that all these transporters exhibited higher affinity for betaine than proline. the upta ...	2011	21511362
assessment of inceptisols soil quality following long-term cropping in a calcareous environment.	the combination of morphological, clay mineralogy, physicochemical, and fertilitical properties of inceptisols were compared for monitoring soil quality response following long-term agricultural activities. for this target, fifty-nine paired surface soils belonging to five subgroups of inceptisols from the major sugar beet growing area and the adjoining virgin lands were described, sampled, and analyzed. the soils were alkaline and calcareous as characterized by high ph, ranging from 7.2 to 8, a ...	2012	21499699
removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings.	biochar converted from agricultural residues or other carbon-rich wastes may provide new methods and materials for environmental management, particularly with respect to carbon sequestration and contaminant remediation. in this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings (dstc). batch adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm experiments and post-adsorption characte ...	2011	21497441
application of plant-based antimicrobials for the growth inhibition of clostridia in pressed beet pulp silage.	background: in this study the inhibition of hop beta acids on the growth of clostridia in soil-contaminated pressed sugar beet pulp silages was investigated. hop beta acids are natural substances which display their effect at low concentrations. fresh pressed beet pulp material was mixed with soil to artificially contaminate it with clostridia. laboratory silos were filled with the substrate, stored at 25 °c and opened for sampling at 0, 2, 8, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. the impact on clostridial g ...	2011	21495041
biological, molecular, and serological studies of a novel strain of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2.	in california, a novel closterovirus was detected in "redglobe" grapevine, associated with graft incompatibility and given a trivial name "grapevine rootstock stem lesion associated virus (grslav)." the biological properties of the putative virus were ascertained when asymptomatic yet infected redglobe scion buds were graft-inoculated onto test plants of cabernet sauvignon propagated on 18 different rootstocks. it proved lethal on test plants growing on rootstocks 1616c, 5bb, 5c, 3309c, and 1103 ...	2011	21487783
ambivalent effects of defective dna in beet curly top virus-infected transgenic sugarbeet plants.	beet curly top virus (bctv) limits sugarbeet production considerably. previous studies have shown that infections are associated with the generation of defective dnas (d-dna) which may attenuate symptoms. transgenic sugarbeet lines were established carrying a partial direct repeat construct of d-dna in order to examine whether they are useful as a means of generating tolerance against bctv. thirty four independent transgenic lines were challenged. viral full-length and d-dnas were monitored by p ...	2011	21473892
[the "crystals" in the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves].	crystal containing cells widely distributed in plant tissues, though the origin of the crystals and their functions are still opened to question. membrane vesicles in beet leaves are visible in electronic microscope. they originate in cytoplasm and penetrate into vacuole by pinocytosis with participation of tonoplast. in light microscope, vesicles are luminous likewise crystals in crystal cells. such vesicles-"crystals" fulfill crystal cells also. the content of vesicles-"crystals" are electroni ...	2011	21473125
anaerobic-fed and sequencing-batch treatment of sugar-beet processing wastes: a comparative study.	the aim of this study was to compare a batch-fed continuously mixed anaerobic reactor (fcmr) with an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (asbr), in terms of waste stabilization and methane production treating sugar-beet processing wastewater and beet-pulp simultaneously. a reactor was operated as fcmr, which then was operated as an asbr by changing operational conditions after the steady-state was reached. although the hydraulic retention time value of the asbr configuration was lower (8 days) th ...	2011	21466072
selection of bacteria capable of dissimilatory reduction of fe(iii) from a long-term continuous culture on molasses and their use in a microbial fuel cell.	ferric ion-respiring microorganisms (frms) are a group of prokaryotes that use fe(iii) as well as other metals as terminal electron acceptors in the process of anaerobic respiration. special attention is paid to a biotechnological significance of frms because of their potential role in electricity production in microbial fuel cells (mfcs) where the terminal acceptor of the electrons during anaerobic respiration is not a ferric ion but the anode. one of the best known frms is the shewanellaceae f ...	2011	21464603
feeding behavior and performance of lambs are influenced by flavor diversity.	this study determined whether early experiences of sheep with the same feed, but presented in multiple or single flavors, would influence intake, the profile of hormones involved in feed intake regulation, and the subsequent acceptability of novel feeds. thirty-five 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (7 lambs/treatment). lambs in 1 treatment (the diversity treatment) were simultaneously fed an unflavored plain ration of alfalfa (control) and barley (75:25; as-fed basis) and th ...	2011	21454862
expression of arabidopsis pathogenesis-related genes during nematode infection.	the expression pattern of pathogenesis-related genes pr-1 to pr-5 was examined in the roots and leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants on infection with beet-cyst (heterodera schachtii) and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. during h. schachtii parasitism of arabidopsis, the expression of pr-1, pr-2 and pr-5, which are considered to be markers for salicylic acid (sa)-dependent systemic acquired resistance (sar), was induced in both roots and leaves of infected plants. in addition, the e ...	2011	21453430
biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings: characterization and phosphate removal potential.	two biochars were produced from anaerobically digested and undigested sugar beet tailings through slow-pyrolysis at 600°c. the digested sugar beet tailing biochar (dstc) and raw sugar beet tailing biochar (stc) yields were around 45.5% and 36.3% of initial dry weight, respectively. compared to stc, dstc had similar ph and surface functional groups, but higher surface area, and its surface was less negatively charged. sem-eds and xrd analyses showed that colloidal and nano-sized periclase (mgo) w ...	2011	21450461
genome-wide association mapping reveals epistasis and genetic interaction networks in sugar beet.	epistasis is defined as interactions between alleles of two or more genetic loci. detection of epistatic interactions is the key to understand the genetic architecture and gene networks underlying complex traits. here, we examined the extent of epistasis for seven quantitative traits with an association mapping approach in a large population of elite sugar beet lines. we found that correction for population stratification is required and that in terms of reducing the false-positive rate the mixe ...	2011	21448808
metapopulation structure and fine-scaled genetic structuring in crop-wild hybrid weed beets.	this study explores the microspatial and temporal genetic variation in crop-wild hybrid weed beets that emerged from the seed bank in a cultivated field surveyed over two successive years. we demonstrate the occurrence of demes highly genetically differentiated, kin-structured, characterized by moderate effective population sizes, differing in propensity for selfing, and arising from nonrandom genetic subsets of the seed bank. only one deme identified in the first survey year significantly contr ...	2011	21448229
[effect of colchicine and triton x-100 on expression of the enzyme-encoding genes in nongerminating seeds of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.)].	the expression of the enzyme-coding genes, controlling glucose-phosphate isomerase (gpi), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), was examined in nongerminating seeds of sugarbeet after triton x-100 (tx-100) and colchicine treatment. two types of changes revealed included modification of the enzymatic loci expression (change of the isozyme electrophoretic mobility) and inactivation of standard profiles. in the mdh and gpi systems, these processes were found to be associated. ...	2011	21446183
[effect of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum on lectin activity of sugar beet calluses].	the dynamics of lectin activity of sugar beet calluses infected by mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii var granulum str. 118 was studied. activity of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet cell cultures increased 4.5 times during some first hours after infecting by acholeplasma. at early stages of infecting by mollicute qualitative changes were also revealed in the protein spectra of acid-soluble lectins of sugar beet calluses.	2011	21442949
expression of a recombinant chimeric protein of hepatitis a virus vp1-fc using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in tobacco leaves and its immunogenicity in mice.	we describe the expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant chimeric protein (hav vp1-fc) consisting of human hepatitis a virus vp1 and an fc antibody fragment using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus (bctv) in agrobacterium-infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. recombinant hav vp1-fc was expressed with a molecular mass of approximately 68 kda. recombinant hav vp1-fc, purified using protein a sepharose affinity chromatography, elicited production of specific igg antibodies ...	2011	21442402
potential impact of process parameters upon the bacterial diversity in the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of beet silage.	the impact of the process parameters hydraulic retention time (hrt), organic loading rate (olr) and substrate upon bacterial diversity was analyzed. therefore, a controlled anaerobic fermentation (1755 days) of beet silage, only initially inoculated with manure, was monitored by the amplified "ribosomal dna" restriction analysis. more than 85% of detected operational taxonomic units (otus) could not be assigned to described bacteria. in contrast to studies analyzing the digestion of energy crops ...	2011	21435870
cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) extract compared to doxorubicin (adriamycin) in the human prostate (pc-3) and breast (mcf-7) cancer cell lines.	previous cancer chemoprevention studies from our laboratories and by other investigators have demonstrated that the extract of red beetroot (beta vulgaris l.), the fda approved red food color e162, can be effective in suppressing the development of multi-organ tumors in experimental animals. to further explore this finding, we have compared the cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot extract with anticancer drug, doxorubicin (adriamycin) in the androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (pc-3 ...	2011	21434853
nitrogen partitioning and isotopic fractionation in dairy cows consuming diets based on a range of contrasting forages.	nine multiparous holstein-friesian cows (initially 97 d in milk), were used in a 3×3 lattice square design experiment with 4-wk periods. all cows received 4 kg/d concentrates and dietary treatments were based on silages offered ad libitum: perennial ryegrass (prg); timothy (tim); tall fescue (tf); red clover (rc); red clover/corn silage mixture [40/60 on a dry matter (dm) basis; rcc]; red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture (40/60 on a dm basis; rco); or red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture ...	2011	21426994
a synthetic peptide shows retro- and anterograde neuronal transport before disrupting the chemosensation of plant-pathogenic nematodes.	cyst nematodes are a group of plant pathogens each with a defined host range that cause major losses to crops including potato, soybean and sugar beet. the infective mobile stage hatches from dormant eggs and moves a short distance through the soil to plant roots, which it then invades. a novel strategy for control has recently been proposed in which the plant is able to secrete a peptide which disorientates the infective stage and prevents invasion of the pathogen. this study provides indirect ...	2011	21408216
intra- and intergenerational persistence of an insect nucleopolyhedrovirus: adverse effects of sublethal disease on host development, reproduction, and susceptibility to superinfection.	sublethal infections by spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) are common in field populations of the beet armyworm (s. exigua, h++bner) in the almerian horticultural region of spain. inoculation of second, third, and fourth instars with occlusion bodies (obs) of an isolate (vt-seal1) associated with vertically transmitted infections resulted in 15 to 100% of sublethal infection in adult survivors, as determined by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) detection of viral dna polym ...	2011	21398487
the hrpz gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola enhances resistance to rhizomania disease in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and sugar beet.	to explore possible sources of transgenic resistance to the rhizomania-causing beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), nicotiana benthamiana plants were constructed to express the harpin of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (hrpz(psph)). the hrpz protein was expressed as an n-terminal fusion to the pr1 signal peptide (sp/hrpz) to direct harpin accumulation to the plant apoplast. transgene integration was verified by mpcr in all primary transformants (t0), while immunoblot analysis confirmed ...	2011	21394206
betanin production and release in vitro from suspension cultures of beta vulgaris.	the diverse group of compounds known as plant secondary products includes many compounds with pharmaceutical activity (e.g., morphine, vincristine), fragrances, pigments, latex, enzymes, and carbohydrates (2). the commercial production of such plant secondary metabolites has, until recently, always been via the harvesting of field-grown plants followed by the extraction and/or direct utilization of the active principle(s). the proportion of the plant that is the active ingredient is invariably o ...	1990	21390636
protoplast microinjection using agarose microdrops.	a number of plant species have now been transformed, but there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the optimal procedure to be adopted. agmbacterium species have been used as vectors for the dna in some instances, whereas in others direct uptake has been achieved following chemical, physical, or electrical treatment of protoplasts or even of cells (see chapters 27 - 30 of this volume). viruses are another vehicle being considered in this context. one of the most effective techniques of tr ...	1990	21390618
an improved carv process for bioethanol production from a mixture of sugar beet mash and potato mash.	a mixed mash of sugar beet roots and potato tubers with a sugar concentration of 23.7% w/v was used as a feedstock for bioethanol production. enzymatic digestion successfully reduced the viscosity of the mixture, enabling subsequent heat pretreatment for liquefaction/sterilization. an energy-consuming thick juice preparation from sugar beet for concentration and sterilization was omitted in this new process.	2011	21389604
transcript profiles in sugar beet genotypes uncover timing and strength of defense reactions to cercospora beticola infection.	cercospora leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) worldwide. despite the great agronomical importance of this disease, little is known about its underlying molecular processes. technical resources are scarce for analyzing this important crop species. we developed a sugar beet microarray with 44,000 oligonucleotides that represent 17,277 cdnas. during the four stages of c. beticola-b. vulgaris interactions, ...	2011	21385013
triterpenoid saponins affect the function of p-glycoprotein and reduce the survival of the free-living stages of heligmosomoides bakeri.	we studied the effect of triterpenoid saponins on the development of free-living stages of heligmosomoides bakeri, a parasitic nematode of the mouse intestine. we evaluated the effectiveness of oleane-type glucuronides (glcuaoa) isolated from calendula officinalis and beta vulgaris. the rhodamine 123 retention assay was used to detect dysfunctions of the major membrane transporter for xenobiotics, p-glycoprotein (pgp). both c. officinals and b. vulgaris glcuaoa affect the development of the free ...	2011	21376470
characterization of nuclear localization signals in the type iii effectors hsvg and hsvb of the gall-forming bacterium pantoea agglomerans.	hsvg and hsvb, two paralogous type iii effectors of the gall-forming bacteria pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae and p. agglomerans pv. betae, determine host specificity on gypsophila and beet, respectively. they were previously shown to be dna-binding proteins imported into host and non-host nuclei and might act as transcriptional activators. sequence analysis of these effectors did not detect canonical nuclear localization signals (nlss), but two basic amino acid clusters designated putative ...	2011	21372093
betaine removal during thermo- and mesophilic aerobic batch biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse: influence of temperature and ph on the progress and efficiency of the process.	the key issue in achieving a high extent of biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse is to establish the conditions for the assimilation of betaine, which is the main pollutant in this high-strength industrial effluent. in the present study, aerobic batch biodegradation was conducted over the temperature range of 27-63°c (step 9°c), at a ph of 6.5 and 8.0, using a mixed culture of bacteria of the genus bacillus. betaine was assimilated at 27-54°c and the ph of 8.0, as well as at 27-45°c and the p ...	2011	21367516
three heat shock proteins from spodoptera exigua: gene cloning, characterization and comparative stress response during heat and cold shocks.	to gain insight into the comparative function in stress response of hsps in insects, three hsp cdnas were cloned from the fat body of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera, noctuidae). sexhsp70, sexhsp74 and sexhsp83 cdnas encoding the protein of 667, 685 and 717 amino acids, with the pi of 5.52, 5.75 and 5.02, respectively. northern blotting revealed that all three sexhsp mrnas are expressed in the fat body, mid-gut, spermary and tracheae. sexhsp70, sexhsp74and sexhsp83 mrnas were ex ...	2011	21362495
combined effect of nucleopolyhedrovirus and microplitis pallidipes for the control of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.	nucleopolyhedrovirus (senpv) and microplitis pallidipes are important biological control agents of spodoptera exigua populations. the interactions between these agents and their combined effect on pest control were investigated in the laboratory and in commercial greenhouses.	2011	21360644
total extract of beta vulgaris var. cicla seeds versus its purified phenolic components: antioxidant activities and antiproliferative effects against colon cancer cells.	beta vulgaris var. cicla (bv) leaves contain chemopreventive compounds that have been investigated for new drug discovery. these compounds belong to the family of the apigenin-glycosides. since the leaves are seasonal products containing high percentages of water, they are easily degradable during storage in fresh conditions. to be stored they require a drying process, consuming time and a large amount of energy. the extraction of apigenin-glycosides may also be conveniently performed from bv se ...	2011	21337646
temporal allocation of metabolic tolerance to transgenic bt cotton in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner).	digestive and detoxification enzyme activity and nutrient composition were examined in the body of fourth instar beet armyworms, spodoptera exigua (hübner), fed on transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and non-bt cotton for different time periods. nutrient composition and specific enzyme activities differed significantly between the s. exigua fed bt vs. non-bt cotton. at 1, 6 and 24 h, free fatty acid and glucose levels were significantly lower in s. exigua fed on bt cotton than those fed on no ...	2011	21318485
the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of fig cryptic virus, a novel bipartite dsrna virus infecting fig, widely distributed in the mediterranean basin.	two double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments of a virus with a bipartite genome identified in fig (ficus carica l.) and denoted fig cryptic virus (fcv) were cloned and sequenced. viral dsrnas are 1696 bp (rna-1) and 1415 bp (rna-2) in size. rna-1 contains a single orf (1419 nt) potentially encoding a 54 kda protein and comprising the conserved amino acid motifs of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) domain of species of the genus alphacryptovirus. its full-length amino acid sequence has the high ...	2011	21318240
metabolic profile of wound-induced changes in primary carbon metabolism in sugarbeet root.	injury to plant products by harvest and postharvest operations induces respiration rate and increases the demand for respiratory substrates. alterations in primary carbon metabolism are likely to support the elevated demand for respiratory substrates, although the nature of these alterations is unknown. to gain insight into the metabolic changes that occur to provide substrates for wound-induced increases in respiration, changes in the concentrations of compounds that are substrates, intermediat ...	2011	21315380
elevated co2 effects on canopy and soil water flux parameters measured using a large chamber in crops grown with free-air co2 enrichment.	an arable crop rotation (winter barley-sugar beet-winter wheat) was exposed to elevated atmospheric co(2) concentrations ([co(2) ]) using a face facility (free-air co(2) enrichment) during two rotation periods. the atmospheric [co(2) ] of the treatment plots was elevated to 550 ppm during daylight hours (t>5°c). canopy transpiration (e(c) ) and conductance (g(c) ) were measured at selected intervals (>10% of total growing season) using a dynamic co(2) /h(2) o chamber measuring system. plant avai ...	2011	21309972
analysis of the resistance-breaking ability of different beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates loaded into a single polymyxa betae population in soil.	the genome of most beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) isolates is comprised of four rnas. the ability of certain isolates to overcome rz1-mediated resistance in sugar beet grown in the united states and europe is associated with point mutations in the pathogenicity factor p25. when the virus is inoculated mechanically into sugar beet roots at high density, the ability depends on an alanine to valine substitution at p25 position 67. increased aggressiveness is shown by bnyvv p type isolates, ...	2011	21303211
antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of eleven edible plants.	consumers have become more interested in beneficial effects of vegetables, fruits, and tea to protect their health.	2011	21284538
in vitro effect of different na+/k+ ratios on plasma membrane h+ -atpase activity in maize and sugar beet shoot.	plant growth is impaired primarily by osmotic stress in the first phase of salt stress, whereas na+ toxicity affects the plant growth mainly in the second phase. salinity leads to increased na+/k+ ratio and thus displacement of k+ by na+ in the plant cell. relatively higher cytosolic na+ concentrations may have an effect on the activity of plasma membrane (pm) h+ -atpase. a decreased pm-h+ -atpase activity could increase the apoplastic ph. this process could limit the cell-wall extensibility and ...	2011	21282062
effects of gestation and transition diets, piglet birth weight, and fasting time on depletion of glycogen pools in liver and 3 muscles of newborn piglets.	the experiment was conducted to assess the effects of maternal nutrition in late gestation on glycogen pools of newborn piglets of different birth weights and to assess how rapidly the glycogen pools in the liver and 3 muscles are mobilized during fasting. until d 108 of gestation, 48 sows were fed a gestation standard diet (gsd) with low dietary fiber (df, 17.1%), or 1 of 3 diets with high df (32.3 to 40.4%) consisting of pectin residue (gpr), potato pulp (gpp), or sugar-beet pulp (gsp). from d ...	2011	21278105
the impact of the eu regulatory constraint of transgenic crops on farm income.	world population and the need for nutritious food continue to grow. for 14 years farmers from a range of countries across the globe have been accessing transgenic technologies either to reduce crop production costs, increase yield and/or to exploit a range of rotational benefits. in 2009 134 mha of transgenic crops was grown. the arable area of the eu 27 is approximately 102 mha; however, only about 0.1 mha of transgenic crops, mainly maize in spain, is grown in the eu. this is in part due to li ...	2011	21272674
a survey on basal resistance and riboflavin-induced defense responses of sugar beet against rhizoctonia solani.	we examined basal defense responses and cytomolecular aspects of riboflavin-induced resistance (ir) in sugar beet-rhizoctonia solani pathsystem by investigating h(2)o(2) burst, phenolics accumulation and analyzing the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and peroxidase (cprx1) genes. riboflavin was capable of priming plant defense responses via timely induction of h(2)o(2) production and phenolics accumulation. a correlation was found between induction of resistance by riboflavin and ...	2011	21269732
in vitro development from leaf explants of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l). rhizogenesis and the effect of sequential exposure to auxin and cytokinin.	adventitious root development in lamina and midrib-petiole junction expiants of sugar beet cv. primo was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. primordia developed close to the vascular strands and areas of newly dividing cells (meristematic centres) were seen adjacent to the intrafascicular cambium after 2 d incubation on medium containing 30 mg 1(-1)1-naphthalene acetic acid. clearly defined primordia were visible at 4 d and the first roots had emerged by 6 d. a ...	1995	21247910
integrating low water potential seed hydration with other treatments to improve cold tolerance.	matriconditioning improved the performance of pepper, tomato, sweet corn, snap bean, table beet, sugar beet and watermelon seeds in early field plantings at suboptimal temperatures (averaged over 10 d after planting) ranging from 12 to 18 °c. reduction in the time to 50% (t(50)) emergence in conditioned seeds ranged from 0·6 d in watermelon to 3·3 d in pepper and improvement in emergence from 10% in sugar beet to 30% in table beet. further improvement in emergence occurred by inclusion of pestic ...	1995	21247908
development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a* accumulating in chloroplasts.	an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a. vip3a and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35. of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3a* or tvip3a* gene. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a) we ...	2011	21246398
bsctv c2 attenuates the degradation of samdc1 to suppress dna methylation-mediated gene silencing in arabidopsis.	plant viruses are excellent tools for studying microbial-plant interactions as well as the complexities of host activities. our study focuses on the role of c2 encoded by beet severe curly top virus (bsctv) in the virus-plant interaction. using bsctv c2 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, a c2-interacting protein, s-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase 1 (samdc1), was identified from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library. the interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down assay and a firefly l ...	2011	21245466
molecular analysis of plant sugar and amino acid transporters.	although plants are photoautotrophic organisms, they are composed of many heterotrophic tissue systems that must import sugars and amino acids in a process known as assimilate partitioning. while the general features of assimilate partitioning were well described by the early 1980s, little was known about the various transport proteins involved in this essential activity associated with multicellular growth. in the past seven years, however, significant progress has been made in describing the t ...	1996	21245250
time course and amplitude of dna methylation in the shoot apical meristem are critical points for bolting induction in sugar beet and bolting tolerance between genotypes.	an epigenetic control of vernalization has been demonstrated in annual plants such as arabidopsis and cereals, but the situation remains unclear in biennial plants such as sugar beet that has an absolute requirement for vernalization. the role of dna methylation in flowering induction and the identification of corresponding target loci also need to be clarified. in this context, sugar beet (beta vulgaris altissima) genotypes differing in bolting tolerance were submitted to various bolting condit ...	2011	21227931
the arabidopsis bhlh25 and bhlh27 transcription factors contribute to susceptibility to the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii.	successful cyst nematode parasitism depends on the formation and maintenance of feeding sites (syncytia) in host roots, and these processes are highly regulated by the interaction between the cyst nematode and the host. using an integrated research approach and the arabidopsis-beta vulgaris (sugar beet) cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) pathosystem, we have determined that the two arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors bhlh25 and bhlh27 positively influence cyst nematode par ...	2011	21223395
synergistic production of l-arabinose from arabinan by the combined use of thermostable endo- and exo-arabinanases from caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus.	the optimum conditions for the production of l-arabinose from debranched arabinan were determined to be ph 6.5, 75°c, 20 g l(-1) debranched arabinan, 42 um l(-1) endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase, and 14 u ml(-1) α-l-arabinofuranosidase from caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and the conditions for sugar beet arabinan were ph 6.0, 75°c, 20 g l(-1) sugar beet arabinan, 3 u ml(-1) endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase, and 24 u ml(-1) α-l-arabinofuranosidase. under the optimum conditions, 16 g l(-1)l-arabinose was ob ...	2010	21216591
identification of potential host plant mimics of clavata3/esr (cle)-like peptides from the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii.	in this article, we present the cloning of two clavata3/esr (cle)-like genes, hscle1 and hscle2, from the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii, a plant-parasitic cyst nematode with a relatively broad host range that includes the model plant arabidopsis. cles are small secreted peptide ligands that play important roles in plant growth and development. by secreting peptide mimics of plant cles, the nematode can developmentally reprogramme root cells for the formation of unique feeding sites wit ...	2011	21199567
carboxylate metabolism in sugar beet plants grown with excess zn.	the effects of zn excess on carboxylate metabolism were investigated in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) plants grown hydroponically in a growth chamber. root extracts of plants grown with 50 or 100μm zn in the nutrient solution showed increases in several enzymatic activities related to organic acid metabolism, including citrate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, when compared to activities in control root extracts. root citric and malic acid concentrations increased in plants grown wit ...	2011	21194788
genetic diversity in curtoviruses: a highly divergent strain of beet mild curly top virus associated with an outbreak of curly top disease in pepper in mexico.	a full-length curtovirus genome was pcr-amplified and cloned from peppers in mexico with symptoms of curly top disease. the cloned dna of this isolate, mx-p24, replicated in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts and was infectious in n. benthamiana plants. sequence analysis revealed that the mx-p24 isolate had a typical curtovirus genome organization and was most similar to beet mild curly top virus (bmctv). however, sequence identities were at the threshold value for establishment of a new curtovirus s ...	2010	21193937
identification of a gh62 α-l-arabinofuranosidase specific for arabinoxylan produced by penicillium chrysogenum.	an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (axs5) was purified from the culture filtrate of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. a cdna encoding axs5 (axs5) was isolated by in vitro cloning using the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the native enzyme as a starting point. the deduced amino acid sequence of the axs5 gene has high similarities with those of arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases of aspergillus niger, aspergillus tubingensis, and aspergillus sojae. module sequence analysis revealed that a "glyco ...	2010	21181156
[consumption to feed of resident adult population in rural area of the city of ibatiba (es, brazil)].	it is a transverse study where a questionnaire of alimentary frequency was applied (qaf) in 150 adults resident of the rural area of the city of ibatiba (es, brazil). qaf classified the alimentary consumption as: habitual (>4 times in the week), not habitual (<4 times in the week) and rarely (1 time a month), with objective of correlating the alimentary consumption with the chronic-degenerative diseases. the results evidenced a habitual consumption of rice, breads, stalk, bean, cow milk, animal ...	2011	21180826
synthesis, crystal structures, insecticidal activities, and structure--activity relationships of novel n'-tert-butyl-n'-substituted-benzoyl-n-[di(octa)hydro]benzofuran{(2,3-dihydro)benzo[1,3]([1,4])dioxine}carbohydrazide derivatives.	several series of novel n'-tert-butyl-n'-substituted-benzoyl-n-[di(octa)hydro]benzofuran{(2,3-dihydro)benzo[1,3]([1,4])dioxine}carbohydrazide derivatives ia, ib, iia-iig, iiia, iiib, and va-vc were designed and synthesized. their structures were confirmed by (1)h nmr spectra, hrms, and x-ray single-crystal structures. the larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm, beet armyworm, diamond-back moth, and corn borer of these compounds were evaluated and contrasted with those of rh-2485, js-118 ...	2010	21175191
role of a small g protein ras in cellular immune response of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.	insect cellular immune responses accompany cytoskeletal rearrangement of hemocytes to exhibit filopodial and pseudopodial extension of their cytoplasm. small g proteins are postulated to be implicated in the hemocyte cellular processes to perform phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation behaviors. a small g protein ras gene (se-ras) was cloned from cdnas prepared from hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. the open reading frame of se-ras encoded 179 amino acids with a predicted m ...	2011	21167168
molasses as fermentation substrate for levan production by halomonas sp.	levan is a homopolymer of fructose with many outstanding properties like high solubility in oil and water, strong adhesiveness, good biocompatibility, and film-forming ability. however, its industrial use has long been hampered by costly production processes which rely on mesophilic bacteria and plants. recently, halomonas sp. aad6 halophilic bacteria were found to be the only extremophilic species producing levan at high titers in semi-chemical medium containing sucrose, and in this study, pret ...	2010	21161209
the novel cyst nematode effector protein 19c07 interacts with the arabidopsis auxin influx transporter lax3 to control feeding site development.	plant-parasitic cyst nematodes penetrate plant roots and transform cells near the vasculature into specialized feeding sites called syncytia. syncytia form by incorporating neighboring cells into a single fused cell by cell wall dissolution. this process is initiated via injection of esophageal gland cell effector proteins from the nematode stylet into the host cell. once inside the cell, these proteins may interact with host proteins that regulate the phytohormone auxin, as cellular concentrati ...	2010	21156858
viability and maturation of aphanomyces cochlioides oospores.	plasmolysis, tetrazolium bromide staining and microscopic appearance were tested for their usefulness in determining viability of oospores of aphanomyces cochlioides. for comparison, three lethal treatments were employed to contrast the reaction of dead oospores and untreated, presumably viable oospores. few oospores stained with tetrazolium bromide, even though plasmolysis and microscopic appearance indicated that 85% were viable. cytoplasm of viable oospores was densely organized and uniformly ...	2003	21156618
impact of bioaugmentation by compost on the performance and ecology of an anaerobic digester fed with energy crops.	the influence of compost as inoculum during continuous anaerobic digestion of fodder beet silage was studied over 330 days. two simultaneously driven mesophilic fermentors (inoc-1/inoc-2) were inoculated with manure and sewage sludge. only the digester inoc-2 was inoculated additionally with compost. after 160 days fermentor inoc-2 reached a hydraulic retention time (hrt) around 15 days whereas inoc-1 remained at a hrt of 40d. after changing the substrate feed from one to three times a day both ...	2011	21145230
an antagonistic pair of ft homologs mediates the control of flowering time in sugar beet.	cultivated beets (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are unable to form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. flowering only occurs if plants get vernalized, that is, pass through the winter, and are subsequently exposed to an increasing day length (photoperiod) in spring. here, we show that the regulation of flowering time in beets is controlled by the interplay of two paralogs of the flowering locus t (ft) gene in arabidopsis that have evolved antagonistic functions. bvft2 i ...	2010	21127254
an immunological role of a pkc alpha binding protein (pick1) expressed in the hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.	protein kinase c (pkc) regulates various intracellular processes and its activity is tightly controlled by various factors, such as secondary messengers and binding proteins. a cdna of a pkc alpha binding protein (also called pick1: protein interacting with c kinase 1) was cloned in hemocytes of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (noctuidae: lepidoptera). it encodes 475 amino acid residues with putative pdz and bar domains interacting with other proteins or ligands. the pick1 gene of s. exigua ...	2011	21122821
a comparative study of the apparent total tract digestibility of carbohydrates in icelandic and danish warmblood horses fed two different haylages and a concentrate consisting of sugar beet pulp and black oats.	four icelandic (ice) and four danish warmblood (dw) horses were used in a crossover study with two treatments to investigate the effect of breed and the effect of stage of maturity of haylage on the apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of a diet consisting of sugar beet pulp, black oats and haylage early or late cut. fibre was analysed as crude fibre (cf), acid detergent fibre (adf), neutral detergent fibre (ndf) and dietary fibre (df = non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) plus lignin). in hayl ...	2010	21114231