Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the regulatory t cells in anti-influenza antibody response post influenza vaccination. | the efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines depend primarily on the vaccine recipient and the virus similarity to the endemic virus. regulatory t cells (tregs) and cytokines are known to restrict immune responses against viral infections. we conducted this study to explore the role of tregs, cytokines, and antibody production after influenza vaccination. the whole blood was collected from healthy subjects (n = 36) before and two weeks after influenza vaccine immunization for two or thre ... | 2012 | 22894960 |
| antigenic sites of h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin revealed by natural isolates and inhibition assays. | the antigenic sites of hemagglutinin (ha) are crucial for understanding antigenic drift and vaccine strain selection for influenza viruses. in 1982, 32 epitope residues (called laboratory epitope residues) were proposed for antigenic sites of h1n1 ha based on the monoclonal antibody-selected variants. interestingly, these laboratory epitope residues only cover 28% (23/83) mutation positions for 9 h1n1 vaccine strain comparisons (from 1977 to 2009). here, we propose the entropy and likelihood rat ... | 2012 | 22885274 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus in southern china. | the distribution and prevalence of h3 subtype influenza viruses in avian and mammalian hosts constitutes a potential threat to both human and avian health. we report a complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus. phylogenetic analysis showed that ha and na showed the highest sequence homologies with those of a/white-backed munia/hong kong/4519/2009 (h3n2). however, the internal genes had the highest sequence homologies with those of h6 and h7 subtypes. the data pro ... | 2012 | 22879622 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus isolated from dogs in south korea. | an avian-origin korean h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ) strain, designated a/canine/korea/01/2007 (h3n2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. in the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3' and 5' noncoding regions (ncrs) of h3n2 civ, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of civ. | 2012 | 22879618 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus discovered in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel avian-like h3n2 swine influenza virus containing an h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus segment that was obtained from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus might originate from domestic aquatic birds. the sequence information provided herein suggests that continuing study is required to determine if this virus can be established in the swine population and pose potential threats to public health. | 2012 | 22879607 |
| potential t cell epitopes within swine-origin triple reassortant influenza a (h3n2) variant virus which emerged in 2011: an immunoinformatics study. | an immuno-informatics study was conducted to determine possible pre-existing t cellular immunity to the recently emerged swine-origin triple reassortant h3n2 variant (s-otrh3n2v-2011) which acquired the matrix gene of influenza a (h1n1)pdm09. given the genetic origin of s-otrh3n2v-2011, our study focused on the hemagglutinin (ha) and matrix1 (m1) proteins to identify common and conserved t cell epitopes. we compared ha cd4+ t cell epitopes of s-otrh3n2v-2011 with seasonal h3n2 (1968-2011)-ha pro ... | 2012 | 22877860 |
| immunomodulatory properties of subcellular fractions of a g+ bacterium, bacillus firmus. | mucosal immunization with non-living antigens usually requires the use of an adjuvant. the adjuvant activity of bacillus firmus in the mucosal immunization of mice was described by our laboratory previously. in the present study, subcellular localization of b. firmus activities was followed. after mechanical disintegration, subcellular components of bacterium were fractionated by differential centrifugation and salting out. bacterial cell walls, cytoplasmic membrane fraction, soluble cytoplasmic ... | 2013 | 22875593 |
| cross-reactive and vaccine-induced antibody to an emerging swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v). | cases of infection due to a novel swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v) have recently been identified in the united states, primarily among children. we estimate levels of cross-reactive antibody to h3n2v by age and assess whether seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv), with or without adjuvant, may increase seroprotection. | 2012 | 22872731 |
| arylazolyl(azinyl)thioacetanilide. part 9: synthesis and biological investigation of thiazolylthioacetamides derivatives as a novel class of potential antiviral agents. | in continuation of our endeavor to develop new, potent, selective and less toxic antiviral agents, a novel series of 2-(2-amino/chloro-4-(2,4-dibromophenyl) thiazol-5-ylthio)acetamide derivatives was synthesized via an expeditious route and evaluated for their anti-hiv activities against wild-type virus and clinically relevant mutant strains, and for their anti-influenza virus activities against influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and influenza b in cellular assays. the selected active compounds were al ... | 2012 | 22870806 |
| antiviral activity of acidic polysaccharides from coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi, a green alga, against an in vitro human influenza a virus infection. | the extracts prepared from green algae are reported to possess a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral activities. the acidic polysaccharide fraction from a green alga coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi (cmaps) was isolated and the antiviral action on an in vitro infection of influenza a virus was examined. cmaps inhibited the growth and yield of all influenza a virus strains tested, such as a/h1n1, a/h2n2, a/h3n2 and a/h1n1 pandemic strains. the 50% inhibitory ... | 2013 | 22856509 |
| protective effect of korean red ginseng extract on the infections by h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses in mice. | ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years and is known to have multiple biological and immunomodulatory effects. in this study, we investigated whether korean red ginseng extract would have preventive and antiviral effects on influenza virus infection. oral administration to mice of red ginseng extract prior to infection significantly increased survival after infection with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus. daily oral treatment of vaccinated mice with red ginseng extract provided enhanc ... | 2012 | 22856395 |
| clonal interference in the evolution of influenza. | the seasonal influenza a virus undergoes rapid evolution to escape human immune response. adaptive changes occur primarily in antigenic epitopes, the antibody-binding domains of the viral hemagglutinin. this process involves recurrent selective sweeps, in which clusters of simultaneous nucleotide fixations in the hemagglutinin coding sequence are observed about every 4 years. here, we show that influenza a (h3n2) evolves by strong clonal interference. this mode of evolution is a red queen race b ... | 2012 | 22851649 |
| immunodominance of antigenic site b over site a of hemagglutinin of recent h3n2 influenza viruses. | h3n2 influenza viruses have now circulated in the human population for 43 years since the pandemic of 1968, accumulating sequence changes in the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) that are believed to be predominantly due to selection for escape from antibodies. examination of mutations that persist and accumulate led to identification of antigenically significant mutations that are contained in five antigenic sites (a-e) mapped on to the h3 ha. in early h3n2 isolates, antigenic site a ap ... | 2012 | 22848649 |
| molecular and microscopic analysis of bacteria and viruses in exhaled breath collected using a simple impaction and condensing method. | exhaled breath condensate (ebc) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. by using hydrophobic surface, ice, and droplet scavenging, a simple impaction and condensing based collection method is reported here. human subjects were recruited to exhale toward the device for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. the exhaled breath quickly formed into tiny droplets on the hydrophobic surface, which were subsequently scavenged into a 10 µl rolling de ... | 2012 | 22848436 |
| lgp2 downregulates interferon production during infection with seasonal human influenza a viruses that activate interferon regulatory factor 3. | lgp2, a member of the rig-i-like receptor family, lacks the amino-terminal caspase activation recruitment domains (cards) required for initiating the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) and interferon (ifn) transcription. the role of lgp2 in virus infection is controversial, and the only lgp2 experiments previously carried out with mammalian influenza a viruses employed an attenuated, mouse-adapted h1n1 a/pr/8/34 (pr8) virus that does not encode the ns1 protein. here we determine ... | 2012 | 22837208 |
| immune response to influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. | chronic renal failure and dialysis belong to contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral response to influenza vaccination consisting of the formation of antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure. the study included 173 patients treated at a dialysis station in the silesian region in poland. the patients were assigned to the following groups: group a- ... | 2013 | 22836646 |
| [influenza virus reproduction in the endothelial cells of human blood vessels]. | the current epidemic strains of the influenza subtypes y5n1, h3n2, and h1n1 can be reproduced in the cultured human endothelial eahy926 cells with an infective activity of 3.0-4.5 ig tcd50. these findings were confirmed by the analysis of the autopsy material from patients who had died from influenza during the 2009-2010 epidemic, which showed influenza virus ha and np proteins in the pulmonary blood vascular endothelium. the results obtained reflect a new aspect of the pathogenesis of influenza ... | 2016 | 22834142 |
| [interaction of influenza a and b viruses with nanodiamond-based sorbents]. | the paper presents data on the sorption of influenza a(h1n1), a(h1n1)v, a(h3n2) viruses, cdna of a(h1n1)v and b viruses on nanodiamonds and furnace charge. the sorption of viruses occurred in different solutions at 4-37 degrees c during 10-20 min. the rate of sorption varied with the concentration of a sorbent in the solution and its structure, but did not with the antigenic formula of viruses or temperature. the sorption capacity of furnace charge towards influenza a and b viruses was higher th ... | 2016 | 22834140 |
| notes from the field: outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) virus among persons and swine at a county fair--indiana, july 2012. | during july 12-16, 2012, the indiana state department of health and the indiana board of animal health identified respiratory illness among swine and persons at a county fair held july 8-14. on july 16, specimens were collected from four persons with respiratory illness; two had become ill on july 12 and sought care at an emergency department, and two were identified as part of the subsequent public health investigation. all four persons were swine exhibitors or family members of swine exhibitor ... | 2012 | 22832938 |
| phase 4 randomized trial of intradermal low-antigen-content inactivated influenza vaccine versus standard-dose intramuscular vaccine in hiv-1-infected adults. | this study evaluated safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of intradermal (id) trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine, with a lower antigen content (9 mcg ha per strain) than the conventional intramuscular one (15 mcg), in hiv-1-infected adults younger than 60 years. a total of 54 hiv-1-positive participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either id-administered low-antigen-content split inactivated vaccine or intramuscularly-administered (im) standard-do ... | 2012 | 22832261 |
| evidence for antigenic seniority in influenza a (h3n2) antibody responses in southern china. | a key observation about the human immune response to repeated exposure to influenza a is that the first strain infecting an individual apparently produces the strongest adaptive immune response. although antibody titers measure that response, the interpretation of titers to multiple strains--from the same sera--in terms of infection history is clouded by age effects, cross reactivity and immune waning. from july to september 2009, we collected serum samples from 151 residents of guangdong provin ... | 2012 | 22829765 |
| influenza a viruses target type ii pneumocytes in the human lung. | highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza viruses preferentially infect alveolar type ii pneumocytes in human lung. however, it is unknown whether this cellular tropism contributes to high viral virulence because the primary target cells of other influenza viruses have not been systematically studied. | 2012 | 22829640 |
| phylogenetic, molecular and drug-sensitivity analysis of ha and na genes of human h3n2 influenza a viruses in guangdong, china, 2007-2011. | annual h3n2 subtype influenza outbreaks in guangdong, china are a severe public health issue and require ongoing monitoring of emerging viral variants. the variation and evolution of haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza isolates from guangdong during 2007-2011 and others from genbank were analysed using lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05, and serological analysis of antigens was determined by haemagglutination inhibition (hi). susceptibility to antiviral drugs was correlated wi ... | 2013 | 22827898 |
| consecutive natural influenza a virus infections in sentinel mallards in the evident absence of subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. | dabbling ducks, particularly mallards (anas platyrhynchos) have been frequently and consistently reported to play a pivotal role as a reservoir of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv). from october 2006 to november 2008, hand-raised mallard ducks kept at a pond in an avifaunistically rich area of southern germany served as sentinel birds in the aiv surveillance programme in germany. the pond was regularly visited by several species of dabbling ducks. a flock of sentinel birds, consisting ... | 2013 | 22816511 |
| new adamantane derivatives can overcome resistance of influenza a(h1n1)pdm2009 and a(h3n2) viruses to remantadine. | new adamantane derivatives with amino acid residues and other bifunctional compounds were synthesized and their antiviral activity towards influenza a(h1n1)pdm and a(h3n2) viruses was studied. some of these adamantane derivatives completely suppressed replication of remantadine-resistant influenza a virus strains. | 2012 | 22816091 |
| strain-dependent effects of pb1-f2 of triple-reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses in swine. | the pb1-f2 protein of the influenza a viruses (iavs) can act as a virulence factor in mice. its contribution to the virulence of iav in swine, however, remains largely unexplored. in this study, we chose two genetically related h3n2 triple-reassortant iavs to assess the impact of pb1-f2 in virus replication and virulence in pigs. using reverse genetics, we disrupted the pb1-f2 orf of a/swine/wisconsin/14094/99 (h3n2) (sw/99) and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04 (h3n2) (ty/04). removing the pb1-f2 orf led ... | 2012 | 22815274 |
| influenza surveillance from november 2008 to 2011; including pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 in bhutan. | describe the influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in bhutan. | 2013 | 22813389 |
| live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. | control of swine influenza a virus (iav) in the united states is hindered because inactivated vaccines do not provide robust cross-protection against the multiple antigenic variants cocirculating in the field. vaccine efficacy can be limited further for vaccines administered to young pigs that possess maternally derived immunity. we previously demonstrated that a recombinant a/sw/texas/4199-2/1998 (tx98) (h3n2) virus expressing a truncated ns1 protein is attenuated in swine and has potential for ... | 2012 | 22811541 |
| compensatory evolution of net-charge in influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | the propagation of influenza a virus depends on the balance between the activities of hemagglutinin (ha) for binding to host cells and neuraminidase (na) for releasing from infected cells (ha-na balance). since the host cell membrane and the sialic acid receptor are negatively charged, the amino acid substitutions increasing (charge+) and decreasing (charge-) the positive charge of ha subunit 1 (ha1) enhance and reduce, respectively, the binding avidity and affinity. the positive charge of ha1 i ... | 2012 | 22808159 |
| tenacity of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in different types of poultry litter. | to determine the risk of infection associated with exposure to low-pathogenic avian influenza (ai) virus-contaminated poultry litter, the tenacity of low pathogenic a/ck/ca/431/00(h6n2), a/mallard/mn/355779/00(h5n2), and a/turkey/ohio/313053/04(h3n2) was evaluated. viral stocks were incubated with poultry litter from commercial flocks at 25°c. three types of poultry litter, wood shavings, shavings plus gypsum, and shavings plus peanut hulls, from commercial broiler flocks were used. the 3 low-pa ... | 2012 | 22802163 |
| development and evaluation of a line probe assay for rapid typing of influenza viruses and detection of the h274y mutation. | adequate treatment of influenza requires identification of viral type as well as detection of mutation(s) conferring drug resistance. reverse hybridization-based line probe assays (lipa) can be performed using several probes immobilized on nitrocellulose, strips enabling lipa to determine simultaneously viral subtypes and detect the presence or absence of the h274y mutation, which confers oseltamivir resistance of h1n1 influenza viruses. lipa was developed for identification of h1n1 influenza vi ... | 2012 | 22796550 |
| synthesis of c-4-modified zanamivir analogs as neuraminidase inhibitors and their anti-aiv activities. | with the introduction of bioisosteres of the guanidinium group together with scaffold hopping, 35 zanamivir analogs with c-4-modification were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against both group-1 and group-2 neuraminidase (h5n1 and h3n2) were determined. compound d26 exerts the most potency, with ic(50) values of 0.58 and 2.72 μm against n2 and n1, respectively. further preliminary anti-avian influenza virus (aiv, h5n1) activities against infected mdck cells were evaluated, and d5 e ... | 2012 | 22795831 |
| reunion, a sentinel territory for influenza surveillance in europe. | in réunion, a french overseas territory located in the southern hemisphere, increase in influenza activity is generally observed several months earlier than in europe. influenza activity is monitored in réunion through a multi-source surveillance system including sentinel practitioners network, hospital emergency department, laboratory and mortality. since 2009, three successive influenza epidemics occurred on the island. the largest was observed in 2009 while epidemics in 2010 and 2011 were muc ... | 2012 | 22790605 |
| comprehensive global amino acid sequence analysis of pb1f2 protein of influenza a h5n1 viruses and the influenza a virus subtypes responsible for the 20th-century pandemics. | pb1f2 is the 11th protein of influenza a virus translated from +1 alternate reading frame of pb1 gene. since the discovery, varying sizes and functions of the pb1f2 protein of influenza a viruses have been reported. selection of pb1 gene segment in the pandemics, variable size and pleiotropic effect of pb1f2 intrigued us to analyze amino acid sequences of this protein in various influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 22788742 |
| neurological picture. sub-acute hydrocephalus in a patient with influenza a (h3n2) virus-related cerebellitis. | 2012 | 22773858 | |
| quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza a viruses. | quail has been proposed as one of the intermediate hosts supporting the generation of newly reassortant influenza a viruses (iavs) with the potential to infect humans. to evaluate the role of quail as an intermediate host of iavs, co-infections of quail with swine-origin pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1) and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) duck h3n2 (dkh3n2) viruses (n=10) or endemic thai swine h1n1 (swh1n1) and dkh3n2 viruses (n=10) were conducted. three additional groups of five quail were each ... | 2012 | 22763173 |
| genetic characterization of human influenza viruses in the pandemic (2009-2010) and post-pandemic (2010-2011) periods in japan. | pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus was first detected in japan in may 2009 and continued to circulate in the 2010-2011 season. this study aims to characterize human influenza viruses circulating in japan in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods and to determine the prevalence of antiviral-resistant viruses. | 2012 | 22761651 |
| heterologous interactions between ns1 proteins from different influenza a virus subtypes/strains. | non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in modulating the host immune response and facilitating virus replication. the formation of a homodimer or an oligomer is necessary for ns1 to exert its function efficiently. in the present study, the ns1 protein from the a/shantou/602/06(h3n2) virus (herein abbreviated as ns32) was found to interact with ns1 from a/shantou/169/06(h1n1), a/chicken/guangdong/1/05(h5n1) and a/quail/hong kong/g1/97(h9n2) (abbreviated as ns11 ... | 2012 | 22744180 |
| surface glycoproteins of influenza a h3n2 virus modulate virus replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets. | the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of the influenza a h3n2 subtype viruses isolated from 1968 to 2010 have evolved substantially but their neuraminidase (na) genes have been relatively less divergent. the h3n2 viruses isolated since 1995 were found to replicate in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets less efficiently than the earlier isolates. to evaluate whether the ha or/and na or the internal protein gene segments of the h3n2 virus affected viral replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets, r ... | 2012 | 22743127 |
| intracytoplasmic trapping of influenza virus by a lipophilic derivative of aglycoristocetin. | we report on a new anti-influenza virus agent, sa-19, a lipophilic glycopeptide derivative consisting of aglycoristocetin coupled to a phenylbenzyl-substituted cyclobutenedione. in madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, or b virus, sa-19 displayed a 50% antivirally effective concentration of 0.60 μm and a selectivity index (ratio of cytotoxic versus antiviral concentration) of 112. sa-19 was 11-fold more potent than unsubstituted aglycoristocetin and was active i ... | 2012 | 22740402 |
| characterization of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line for influenza virus production. | we have developed a porcine intestine epithelial cell line, designated sd-pjec for the propagation of influenza viruses. the sd-pjec cell line is a subclone of the ipec-j2 cell line, which was originally derived from newborn piglet jejunum. our results demonstrate that sd-pjec is a cell line of epithelial origin that preferentially expresses receptors of oligosaccharides with sia2-6gal modification. this cell line is permissive to infection with human and swine influenza a viruses and some avian ... | 2012 | 22739061 |
| protective efficacy of a broadly cross-reactive swine influenza dna vaccine encoding m2e, cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope and consensus h3 hemagglutinin. | pigs have been implicated as mixing reservoir for the generation of new pandemic influenza strains, control of swine influenza has both veterinary and public health significance. unlike human influenza vaccines, strains used for commercially available swine influenza vaccines are not regularly replaced, making the vaccines provide limited protection against antigenically diverse viruses. it is therefore necessary to develop broadly protective swine influenza vaccines that are efficacious to both ... | 2012 | 22738661 |
| a human cd4+ t cell epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin is cross-reactive to influenza a virus subtypes and to influenza b virus. | the hemagglutinin protein (ha) of the influenza virus family is a major antigen for protective immunity. thus, it is a relevant target for developing vaccines. here, we describe a human cd4(+) t cell epitope in the influenza virus ha that lies in the fusion peptide of the ha. this epitope is well conserved in all 16 subtypes of the ha protein of influenza a virus and the ha protein of influenza b virus. by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from a healthy adult donor with pep ... | 2012 | 22718815 |
| novel measurement of spreading pattern of influenza epidemic by using weighted standard distance method: retrospective spatial statistical study of influenza, japan, 1999-2009. | annual influenza epidemics occur worldwide resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. spreading pattern of influenza is not well understood because it is often hampered by the quality of surveillance data that limits the reliability of analysis. in japan, influenza is reported on a weekly basis from 5,000 hospitals and clinics nationwide under the scheme of the national infectious disease surveillance. the collected data are available to the public as weekly reports which were summarized ... | 2012 | 22713508 |
| simultaneous investigation of influenza and enteric viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting in general practice for acute diarrhea. | gastrointestinal symptoms are not an uncommon manifestation of an influenza virus infection. in the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of influenza viruses in the stools of adult patients consulting their general practitioner for uncomplicated acute diarrhea (ad) and the proportion of concurrent infections by enteric and influenza viruses. | 2012 | 22709374 |
| highly conserved influenza a virus epitope sequences as candidates of h3n2 flu vaccine targets. | this study focused on identifying the conserved epitopes in a single subtype a (h3n2)-as candidates for vaccine targets. we identified a total of 32 conserved epitopes in four viral proteins [22 ha, 4pb1, 3 na, 3 np]. evaluation of conserved epitopes in coverage during 1968-2010 revealed that (1) 12 ha conserved epitopes were highly present in the circulating viruses; (2) the remaining 10 ha conserved epitopes appeared with lower percentage but a significantly increasing trend after 1989 [p<0.00 ... | 2012 | 22698979 |
| evolution of novel reassortant a/h3n2 influenza viruses in north american swine and humans, 2009-2011. | novel h3n2 influenza viruses (h3n2v) containing seven genome segments from swine lineage triple-reassortant h3n2 viruses and a 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm09) matrix protein segment (pm) were isolated from 12 humans in the united states between august and december 2011. to understand the evolution of these novel h3n2 viruses in swine and humans, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of 674 m sequences and 388 ha and na sequences from influenza viruses isolated from north american swine during 2009 ... | 2012 | 22696653 |
| alkaloids from the root of isatis indigotica. | seventeen new alkaloids (1-17) and 14 known analogues have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of isatis indigotica. the structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2d nmr, single-crystal x-ray crystallography using anomalous scattering of cu kα radiation, and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. compounds 1, 2, an ... | 2012 | 22694318 |
| understanding the dynamics of seasonal influenza in italy: incidence, transmissibility and population susceptibility in a 9-year period. | influenza surveillance systems have been established in many countries in the world, yielding timely information about the intensity and features of seasonal outbreaks. such data have also been used to estimate epidemiological parameters and to evaluate the effect of factors on infection dynamics. however, little is known about the extent of under-reporting in surveillance data, and thus of the true influenza incidence in the population. | 2013 | 22694182 |
| induction of protective immune responses against ev71 in mice by baculovirus encoding a novel expression cassette for capsid protein vp1. | ev71 is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and is responsible for large outbreaks in various asian pacific countries. in the present study, we generated the recombinant baculovirus (bac-vp1) encoding vp1 in a novel expression cassette. the transmembrane domain of hemagglutinin of the h3n2 influenza virus was included in the cassette as a minimal membrane anchor for vp1. the protective immunity of bac-vp1 was investigated in a mouse model. the results showed that mice ... | 2012 | 22691220 |
| improved sensitivity of influenza a antigen detection using a combined np, m, and ns1 sandwich elisa. | a new modified triple-antigen detection test was developed for the direct detection of the influenza a virus. the nucleoprotein (np), matrix (m), and non-structural (ns1) proteins were used as target antigens because they are abundant in infected cells. monoclonal antibodies specific to the np, m, and ns1 proteins were generated. the antibody pairs were selected and evaluated for their reactivity individually and in combination in the triple-antigen detection using sandwich elisa. triple-antigen ... | 2012 | 22677225 |
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| multiplex rt-pcr assay for differentiating european swine influenza virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2. | in europe, three major swine influenza viral (siv) subtypes (h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2) have been isolated in pigs. developing a test that is able to detect and identify the subtype of the circulating strain rapidly during an outbreak of respiratory disease in the pig population is of essential importance. this study describes two multiplex rt-pcrs which distinguish the haemagglutinin (ha) gene and the neuraminidase (na) gene of the three major subtypes of siv circulating in europe. the ha pcr was abl ... | 2012 | 22664185 |
| influenza m1 vlps containing neuraminidase induce heterosubtypic cross-protection. | influenza virus like particles (vlps) containing hemagglutinin were previously demonstrated to induce protection against the homologous strains. however, little information is available on the protective role of neuraminidase (na), the second major glycoprotein. in this study, we developed vlps (na vlps) containing na and m1 derived from a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) influenza virus, and investigated their ability to induce protective immunity. intranasal immunization with na vlps induced serum antibody resp ... | 2012 | 22658901 |
| clinical effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors--oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir--for treatment of influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 infection: an observational study in the 2010-2011 influenza season in japan. | the clinical effectiveness of the newly released neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) laninamivir and peramivir has not been sufficiently evaluated in influenza-infected patients in clinical and practical settings. in this study, we analyzed the clinical data of 211 patients infected with influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (a(h3n2)) and 45 patients infected with influenza a virus subtype h1n1pdm (a(h1n1)pdm09) who received the nais oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, or peramivir during the 2010-2011 in ... | 2012 | 22644080 |
| annual influenza vaccination affects the development of heterosubtypic immunity. | annual vaccination of healthy children >6 months of age against seasonal influenza has been recommended by public health authorities of some countries. however, currently used seasonal vaccines provide only limited protection against (potentially) pandemic influenza viruses. furthermore, we recently hypothesized that annual vaccination may hamper the development of cross-reactive immunity against influenza a viruses of novel subtypes, that would otherwise be induced by natural infection. here we ... | 2012 | 22643217 |
| serologic evidence of human influenza virus infections in swine populations, cambodia. | this study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 and investigated the seroprevalence of influenza a viruses in cambodian pigs, including human h1n1, h3n2, 2009 pandemic h1n1 (a(h1n1)pdm09), and highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 22642704 |
| the 2009 pandemic influenza virus: where did it come from, where is it now, and where is it going? | around 2008 or 2009, an influenza a virus that had been circulating undetected in swine entered human population. unlike most swine influenza infections of humans, this virus established sustained human-to-human transmission, leading to a global pandemic. the virus responsible, 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm), is the result of multiple reassortment events that brought together genomic segments from classical h1n1 swine influenza virus, human seasonal h3n2 influenza virus, north american avian influ ... | 2013 | 22638836 |
| influenza vaccine: an effective preventive vaccine for developing countries. | the influenza virus a, b and c causes disease in humans, birds and animals. the influenza type a causes moderate to severe illness in all age groups in humans while the illness caused by type b is of milder and it is primarily affects children. among many subtypes of influenza a viruses, currently influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) subtypes are circulating among humans. influenza is a serious public health problem that causes severe illnesses and deaths for higher risk populations. influenza virus is ... | 2012 | 22634439 |
| [the specific features of the cocirculation of influenza viruses in the 2010-2011 postpandemic period according to the results of activities of the d. i. ivanovsky research institute of virology, ministry of health and social development of russia]. | the paper gives the results of monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses in the 2010-2011 season, that covers the second year of circulation of pandemic a(h1n1)v virus strains, and their interaction with seasonal a (h3n2) and b strains. unlike the previous season, the beginning of an increase in morbidity was recorded in january 2011; its peak in the most of contiguous areas was noted at 5-7 weeks of 2011, with its further decline to threshold levels at week 11 of 2011. preschool and schoo ... | 2016 | 22624469 |
| viral infection of central nervous system in children: one year prospective study. | viral infection of central nervous system (cns) is a common problem worldwide, especially in children. the clinical manifestations of viral cns infection are the most important clues for diagnosis and treatment. the 1-year prospective study to explore the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings of viral cns infection in children, including human herpes virus (hhv) type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7, enterovirus b, mumps virus, measles virus, japanese encephalitis virus, jc virus, ... | 2011 | 22619903 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic combination effects of rimantadine and oseltamivir against influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in mice. | the combined effect of rimantadine and oseltamivir in a prophylactic context (therapy beginning 4 h pre-virus infection) and therapeutic context (therapy started at 24 h post-viral inoculation) course on influenza h3n2 virus infection in mice was studied. in the prophylactic course 5 and 10 mg/kg/day rimantadine with 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/day (25:1 dose ratio) oseltamivir showed a protection index (pi) of 79.6% and 75%, respectively and a mean survival time (mst) of 13.1 and 12.9 days. the individua ... | 2012 | 22617756 |
| inter- and intraspecies transmission of canine influenza virus (h3n2) in dogs, cats, and ferrets. | the emergence of zoonotic viruses in domestic animals is a significant public health concern. canine influenza virus (civ) h3n2 is a virus that can infect companion animals and is, therefore, a potential public health concern. | 2013 | 22616918 |
| constrained evolution drives limited influenza diversity. | h3n2 influenza a viruses have been widely circulating in human populations since the pandemic of 1968. a striking feature of the evolutionary development of this strain has been its 'canalized' nature, with narrow evolutionary trees dominated by long trunks with few branching, or bifurcation events and a consequent lack of standing diversity at any single point. this is puzzling, as one might expect that the strong human immune response against the virus would create an environment encouraging m ... | 2012 | 22613866 |
| age-dependent prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus in sera collected in norway in 2011. | antibody cross-reactivity to the influenza a(h3n2) variant virus recently reported in the united states, was investigated in norwegian sera. seroprevalence was 40% overall, and 71% in people born between 1977 and 1993. the most susceptible age groups were children and people aged around 50 years. the high immunity in young adults is likely to be due to strong priming infection with similar viruses in the 1990s. more research is needed to explain the poor immunity in 45–54 year-olds. | 2012 | 22607964 |
| influenza viral infections among the iranian hajj pilgrims returning to shiraz, fars province, iran. | annually over two million muslims from across the world converge on mecca to perform the hajj pilgrimage. overcrowding at the hajj facilitates spread of communicable diseases, especially respiratory infections. the aim of this study was to determine the attack rate of seasonal and pandemic influenza among returning iranian pilgrims after the 2009 hajj. | 2012 | 22606996 |
| in contrast to conventional inactivated influenza vaccines, 4xm2e.hsp70c fusion protein fully protected mice against lethal dose of h1, h3 and h9 influenza a isolates circulating in iran. | ideal vaccines against influenza viruses should elicit not only a humoral response, but also a cellular response. mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70 (mhsp70) have been found to promote immunogenic apcs function, elicit a strong cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response, and prevent the induction of tolerance. moreover, it showed linkage of antigens to the c-terminus of mhsp70 (mhsp70c) can represent them as vaccines resulted in more potent, protective antigen specific responses in the absence of adjuv ... | 2012 | 22595444 |
| bovine lactoferrin-derived peptides as novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of influenza virus. | bovine lactoferrin (blf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in innate immunity against infections, including influenza. here we have dissected blf into its c- and n-lobes and show that inhibition of influenza virus hemagglutination and cell infection is entirely attributable to the c-lobe and that all major virus subtypes, including h1n1 and h3n2, are inhibited. by far-western blotting and sequencing studies, we demonstrate that blf c-lobe strongly binds to the ha(2) ... | 2012 | 22595270 |
| immune responses and protection efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing ha1 against swine h3n2 influenza virus in mice and pigs. | swine influenza virus (siv) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a potent threat to human health. even though immunization with recombinant vaccinia poxviruses expressing protective antigens as a vaccination strategy has been widely used for many infectious diseases, development of recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) vector for this purpose has been less successful. here, we report the construction of a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv) expressing hemagglutinin (ha1) of h ... | 2012 | 22584406 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of c5-substituted-(1,3-diyne)-2'-deoxyuridines. | starting from acetylated 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (3), 14 hitherto unknown c5-substituted-(1,3-diyne)-2'-deoxyuridines (with cyclopropyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcyclopentane, p-(substituted)phenyl and disubstituted-phenyl substituents) have been synthesized via a nickel-copper catalyzed c-h activation between two terminal alkynes, in yields ranging from 19% to 67%. their antiviral activities were measured against a large number of dna and rna viruses including herpes simplex virus type 1 and type ... | 2012 | 22578783 |
| a novel small molecule inhibitor of influenza a viruses that targets polymerase function and indirectly induces interferon. | influenza viruses continue to pose a major public health threat worldwide and options for antiviral therapy are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. the antiviral cytokine, interferon (ifn) is an essential mediator of the innate immune response and influenza viruses, like many viruses, have evolved strategies to evade this response, resulting in increased replication and enhanced pathogenicity. a cell-based assay that monitors ifn production was developed and applied in a hi ... | 2012 | 22577360 |
| effect of receptor specificity of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs. | several arguments plead for an important role of pigs in human influenza ecology, including the similar receptor expression pattern in the respiratory tract of both species. how virus receptor binding specificity affects transmission in pigs, on the other hand, has not been studied so far. | 2013 | 22564359 |
| a novel pathogenic mechanism of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses involves hemagglutinin mediated resistance to serum innate inhibitors. | in this study, the effect of innate serum inhibitors on influenza virus infection was addressed. seasonal influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2), 2009 pandemic a(h1n1) (h1n1pdm) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses were tested with guinea pig sera negative for antibodies against all of these viruses as evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition and microneutralization assays. in the presence of serum inhibitors, the infection by each virus was inhibited differently as measured by th ... | 2012 | 22563489 |
| rescue of a h3n2 influenza virus containing a deficient neuraminidase protein by a hemagglutinin with a low receptor-binding affinity. | influenza viruses possess at their surface two glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase, of which the antagonistic functions have to be well balanced for the virus to grow efficiently. ferraris et al. isolated in 2003-2004 viruses lacking both a na gene and protein (h3na- viruses) (ferraris o., 2006, vaccine, 24(44-46):6656-9). in this study we showed that the hemagglutinins of two of the h3na- viruses have reduced affinity for saα2.6gal receptors, between 49 and 128 times lower th ... | 2012 | 22563453 |
| high-yield production of a stable vero cell-based vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a global pandemic threat, for which rapid large-scale vaccine production technology is critical for prevention and control. because chickens are highly susceptible to hpai viruses, the supply of chicken embryos for vaccine production might be depleted during a virus outbreak. therefore, developing hpai virus vaccines using other technologies is critical. meeting vaccine demand using the vero cell-based fermentation process has been hindered b ... | 2012 | 22554519 |
| canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus. | since its emergence in 1968, influenza a (h3n2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. however, despite strong pressure to evolve away from human immunity and to diversify in antigenic phenotype, h3n2 influenza shows paradoxically limited genetic and antigenic diversity present at any one time. here, we propose a simple model of antigenic evolution in the influenza virus that accounts for this apparent discrepancy. | 2012 | 22546494 |
| nationwide surveillance of influenza during the pandemic (2009-10) and post-pandemic (2010-11) periods in taiwan. | although who declared the world moving into the post-pandemic period on august 10, 2010, influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus continued to circulate globally. its impact was expected to continue during the 2010-11 influenza season. this study describes the nationwide surveillance findings of the pandemic and post-pandemic influenza periods in taiwan and assesses the impact of influenza a(h1n1) 2009 during the post-pandemic period. | 2012 | 22545158 |
| a sentinel platform to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness and new variant circulation, canada 2010-2011 season. | during the 2010-2011 winter, a large number of outbreaks due to influenza a/h3n2 at long-term care facilities, including higher-than-expected attack rates among vaccinated staff, were reported in some regions of canada. interim analysis from the community-based sentinel surveillance system showed circulating h3n2 variants and suboptimal vaccine effectiveness (ve), assessed here for the entire season's data set. | 2012 | 22539661 |
| development of a proficiency testing program for molecular diagnosis of influenza viruses. | the molecular virology proficiency testing program at the wadsworth center began the assembly and distribution of influenza virus panels to us public health labs (phls) in 2008. the program was created to assist phls in assessing their performance and in meeting clia regulations for mandated proficiency testing (pt). | 2012 | 22538096 |
| the effect of rosuvastatin in a murine model of influenza a infection. | hmg-coa reductase inhibitors such as rosuvastatin may have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may reduce the severity of influenza a infection. we hypothesized that rosuvastatin would decrease viral replication, attenuate lung injury, and improve mortality following influenza a infection in mice. | 2012 | 22536437 |
| severe coinfection with seasonal influenza a (h3n2) virus and staphylococcus aureus--maryland, february-march 2012. | on march 5, 2012, the maryland department of health and mental hygiene (dhmh) and the calvert county health department were notified of three deaths following respiratory illness among members of a maryland family. one family member (patient a) experienced upper-respiratory symptoms and died unexpectedly at home. two others (patients b and c) sought medical care for fever, shortness of breath, and cough productive of bloody sputum and died during their hospitalizations. all three family members ... | 2012 | 22534762 |
| the human h3n2 influenza viruses a/victoria/3/75 and a/hiroshima/52/2005 preferentially bind to α2-3-sialylated monosialogangliosides with fucosylated poly-n-acetyllactosaminyl chains. | among influenza a viruses, subtype h3n2 is the major cause of human influenza morbidity and is associated with seasonal epidemics causing annually half million deaths worldwide. influenza a virus infection is initiated via hemagglutinin that binds to terminally sialylated glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of target cells. gangliosides from human granulocytes were probed using thin-layer chromatography overlay assays for their binding potential to h3n2 virus strains a/victoria/3/75 and a/hir ... | 2012 | 22534568 |
| genetic engineering of live attenuated influenza viruses. | the first live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) was licensed in the usa in 2003; it is a trivalent vaccine composed of two type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and one type b influenza virus each at 10(7) fluorescent focus units (ffu). each influenza vaccine strain is a reassortant virus that contains the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from a wild-type influenza virus and the six internal protein gene segments from a master donor virus (mdv) of either cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 ... | 2012 | 22528159 |
| the fluorescence neuraminidase inhibition assay: a functional method for detection of influenza virus resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors. | neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) are presently the only effective antiviral drugs for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza a and b infections, due to the high prevalence of resistance to the adamantane class of drugs among influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) viruses, including the 2009 pandemic h1n1 strain. the limited pharmaceutical options currently available for control of influenza infections underscore the critical need for surveillance on nai susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating ... | 2012 | 22528156 |
| in vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives. | the theaflavins fraction (tf80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (tf) derivatives from black tea have been found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro. they were evaluated with a neuraminidase (na) activity assay, a hemagglutination (ha) inhibition assay, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for gene expression of hemagglutinin (ha) and a cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. the experimental results showed that they all exerted significant inhi ... | 2012 | 22521753 |
| human infections with novel reassortant influenza a(h3n2)v viruses, united states, 2011. | during july-december 2011, a variant virus, influenza a(h3n2)v, caused 12 human cases of influenza. the virus contained genes originating from swine, avian, and human viruses, including the m gene from influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus. influenza a(h3n2)v viruses were antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza viruses and similar to proposed vaccine virus a/minnesota/11/2010. | 2012 | 22516540 |
| excess mortality among the elderly in 12 european countries, february and march 2012. | in february and march 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 european countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. these preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. the current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza a(h3n2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap. | 2012 | 22516003 |
| influenza outbreaks in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain, 2011/12. | in the 2011/12 season, three influenza outbreaks were studied in nursing homes with high vaccination coverage in navarre, spain. attack rates ranged from 2.9% to 67%. influenza a/stockholm/18/2011(h3n2) virus strain was isolated from the three outbreaks. vaccination should be complemented with other hygiene measures in nursing homes. early detection of influenza outbreaks in nursing homes can aid in their control. | 2012 | 22516002 |
| influenza-associated mortality in temperate and subtropical chinese cities, 2003-2008. | to estimate influenza-associated mortality in urban china. | 2012 | 22511824 |
| antibodies cross-reactive to influenza a (h3n2) variant virus and impact of 2010-11 seasonal influenza vaccine on cross-reactive antibodies - united states. | since august 2011, a total of 12 human infections with influenza a (h3n2) variant viruses with genes from avian, swine, and human viruses (i.e., a [h3n2]v) that had acquired the m gene from influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 virus have been reported to cdc. eleven of the cases occurred in children aged <10 years. in six cases, no history of recent exposure to swine was noted, suggesting that human-to-human transmission had occurred. this new gene constellation for a (h3n2)v viruses and its temporal associa ... | 2012 | 22495226 |
| estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2007-2008 from canada's sentinel surveillance system: cross-protection against major and minor variants. | to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) for the 2007-2008 season and assess the sentinel surveillance system in canada for monitoring virus evolution and impact on ve. | 2012 | 22492921 |
| evaluation of influenza virus a/h3n2 and b vaccines on the basis of cross-reactivity of postvaccination human serum antibodies against influenza viruses a/h3n2 and b isolated in mdck cells and embryonated hen eggs. | the vaccine strains against influenza virus a/h3n2 for the 2010-2011 season and influenza virus b for the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons in japan are a high-growth reassortant a/victoria/210/2009 (x-187) strain and an egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 (victoria lineage) strain, respectively. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests with postinfection ferret antisera indicated that the antisera raised against the x-187 and egg-adapted b/brisbane/60/2008 vaccine production strains poorly inhibited rec ... | 2012 | 22492743 |
| pathogenicity and transmission in pigs of the novel a(h3n2)v influenza virus isolated from humans and characterization of swine h3n2 viruses isolated in 2010-2011. | swine influenza virus (siv) h3n2 with triple reassorted internal genes (trig) has been enzootic in unites states since 1998. transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus to pigs in the united states was followed by reassortment with endemic siv, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel h3n2 genotypes (rh3n2p). between july and december 2011, 12 cases of human infections with swine-lineage h3n2 viruses containing the pandemic matrix (pm) gene [a(h3n2)v] were detected. whole-geno ... | 2012 | 22491461 |
| early estimates of the effectiveness of the 2011/12 influenza vaccine in the population targeted for vaccination in spain, 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. | we present early estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) in the population targeted for vaccination, during 25 december 2011 to 19 february 2012. the adjusted ve was 55% (95% ci: 3 to 79) against any type of influenza virus and 54% (95% ci: 1 to 79) against influenza a(h3n2) virus. this suggests a moderate protective effect of the vaccine in the targeted population in a late influenza epidemic with limited match between vaccine and circulating strains. | 2012 | 22490308 |
| childhood influenza in the outpatient setting in shanghai, china. | influenza is a common cause of outpatient visits in childhood. influenza vaccine has been widely used for children ≥ 6 months of age in developed countries based on accumulating evidence on the substantial socioeconomic burden of influenza in children. however, the data of childhood influenza in china are scarce. | 2012 | 22481425 |
| eps® 7630 (umckaloabo®), an extract from pelargonium sidoides roots, exerts anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo. | a prodelphinidin-rich extract from pelargonium sidoides dc, eps® 7630 (umckaloabo®), which is licensed to treat respiratory tract infections such as acute bronchitis, was investigated for its antiviral effects. eps® 7630 showed dose-dependent anti-influenza activity at non-toxic concentrations against pandemic h1n1, oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant seasonal h1n1, seasonal h3n2 and the laboratory h1n1 strain a/puerto rico/8/34, while it had no antiviral activity against adenovirus or measles ... | 2012 | 22475498 |
| small molecule inhibitors of influenza a and b viruses that act by disrupting subunit interactions of the viral polymerase. | influenza viruses are the cause of yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics that represent a significant challenge to public health. current control strategies are imperfect and there is an unmet need for new antiviral therapies. here, we report the identification of small molecule compounds able to effectively and specifically inhibit growth of influenza a and b viruses in cultured cells through targeting an assembly interface of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. using an existing crysta ... | 2012 | 22474359 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of reassortant h3n2 viruses from turkeys with a unique constellation of pandemic h1n1 internal genes. | triple reassortant (tr) h3n2 influenza viruses cause varying degrees of loss in egg production in breeder turkeys. in this study we characterized tr h3n2 viruses isolated from three breeder turkey farms diagnosed with a drop in egg production. the eight gene segments of the virus isolated from the first case submission (fav-003) were all of tr h3n2 lineage. however, viruses from the two subsequent case submissions (fav-009 and fav-010) were unique reassortants with pb2, pa, nucleoprotein (np) an ... | 2012 | 22470427 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to pandemic 1957 h2n2 and pandemic 1968 h3n2 influenza viruses. | investigation of the human antibody response to the 1957 pandemic h2n2 influenza a virus has been largely limited to serologic studies. we generated five influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha)-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by hybridoma technology from the peripheral blood of healthy donors who were born between 1950 and 1968. two mabs reacted with the pandemic h2n2 virus, two recognized the pandemic h3n2 virus, and remarkably, one reacted with both the pandemic h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. e ... | 2012 | 22457520 |
| swine influenza virus infection dynamics in two pig farms; results of a longitudinal assessment. | in order to assess the dynamics of influenza virus infection in pigs, serological and virological follow-ups were conducted in two whole batches of pigs from two different farms (f1 and f2), from 3 weeks of age until market age. anti-swine influenza virus (siv) antibodies (measured by elisa and hemagglutination inhibition) and nasal virus shedding (measured by rrt-pcr and isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and mdck cells) were carried out periodically. siv isolates were subtyped and hemagglut ... | 2012 | 22452923 |