Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| human leukocyte interferon induces 2', 5'-oligo (a) polymerase and protein kinase. | 1980 | 6244703 | |
| nonspecific inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus replication by a type ii interferon released from unstimulated cells of mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized mice. | unstimulated peritoneal cells (pc) from mice sensitized with nonviable mycobacterium tuberculosis in an oil-droplet emulsion inhibit encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) replication in mouse embryo fibroblast monolayers. concentrations of mycobacteria ranging from 50 to 500 microgram elicit pc that inhibit emcv replication greater than 99%. pc collected 2 to 6 weeks post-inoculation of mycobacteria are most effective (greater than 99% inhibition), although cells harvested from mice 7 through 10 wee ... | 1980 | 6244349 |
| inhibitory effects of 'cap' analogues on globin mrna and encephalomyocarditis rna translation in a reticulocyte cell-free system. | the cap analogues 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate [m7g(5')p], 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [m7g(5')ppp] and 2'-o-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [gm(5')ppp] inhibit the translation of capped globin mrna and encephalomyocarditis (emc) rna (a naturally uncapped mrna) in a reticulocyte cell-free system. this inhibition occurs at the level of protein synthesis initiation and is of a competitive type since it can be overcome by increasing the mrna concentration. however, the translation of globin ... | 1980 | 6244153 |
| human leukocyte interferon: separation of biologically different species by modification of carbohydrate moieties. | human leukocyte interferon was studied to determine if its antiviral (av) and growth inhibitory (gi) activities could be separated by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of carbohydrate moieties and electrophoretic procedures. the relative proportion of the two activities (av:gi ratio) was determined for each gel fraction. untreated interferon and interferon deglycosylated by glycosidases or metaperiodate were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. the av:gi ratio ... | 1980 | 6243919 |
| role of interferon in the antiviral state elicited by selected interferon inducers. | 1980 | 6243412 | |
| an animal model of congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy: dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart in the chronic stage in dba/2 mice with myocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. | to investigate whether lesions that develop in the chronic stage of viral myocarditis are similar to those seen in congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy, we studied myocarditis in inbred strains of dba/2 mice infected with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. myocardial necrosis with calcification appeared on day 4. thereafter, myocardial necrosis became more extensive and mononuclear cell infiltration was evident and was most marked on day 14. on day 90, cellular infiltration had decreased and myoca ... | 1982 | 6212162 |
| primary structural comparison of rna-dependent polymerases from plant, animal and bacterial viruses. | possible alignments for portions of the genomic codons in eight different plant and animal viruses are presented: tobacco mosaic, brome mosaic, alfalfa mosaic, sindbis, foot-and-mouth disease, polio, encephalomyocarditis, and cowpea mosaic viruses. since in one of the viruses (polio) the aligned sequence has been identified as an rna-dependent polymerase, this would imply the identification of the polymerases in the other viruses. a conserved fourteen-residue segment consisting of an asp-asp seq ... | 1984 | 6207485 |
| effects of interferon and encephalomyocarditis virus on in vitro development of preimplantation mouse embryos with and without the zona pellucida. | development of preimplantation mouse embryos, with or without the zona pellucida, in the presence of interferon (ifn) and mouse encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was studied using the in vitro culture method. the embryos (2- to 8-cell stages) were obtained from superovulated mice and cultured in modified witten's medium under paraffin oil in 5% co2 in air at 37 degrees c. removal of the zona pellucida does not affect the subsequent development of the embryos: 90% of embryos with and 87% of embryo ... | 1984 | 6205464 |
| antiviral and protein-inducing activities of recombinant human leukocyte interferons and their hybrids. | the antiviral activities of recombinant human leukocyte interferons ifn-alpha a and ifn-alpha d as well as five hybrids of these interferons against retroviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus were studied in feline, human, and murine cells. although these interferon species had widely different potencies, their activities against these viruses were, in general, proportional. the ifn-alpha a/d (bgl) hybrid was the most potent species, and the ifn-alpha d/a (bgl) hybr ... | 1984 | 6200607 |
| modification of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice by antiviral agents. | the current study used a murine model of diabetes induced by the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (demc) to determine the protective effect of exogenous antiviral agents. antivirals, which were found to inhibit the development of demc virus cytopathic effect in l-929 cell monolayers, were administered intraperitoneally beginning 12 h prior to demc virus challenge. arildone (500 mg/kg per day) or murine interferon (3.2 x 10(6) iu/kg per day) significantly reduced the incidence of hyperglyc ... | 1983 | 6197026 |
| [role of interferon in experimental viral diseases]. | 1983 | 6196097 | |
| characterization of vilyuisk virus as a picornavirus. | the v-1 strain of vilyuisk virus, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a chronic case of encephalomyelitis in siberia and subsequently passaged 41 times in mice, was examined to determine its serological relationship to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and some physicochemical characteristics of the virion. on the basis of virion size (28 nm), icosahedral symmetry, buoyant density (1.33 g/ml), sedimentation coefficient (150s), and capsid po ... | 1983 | 6195311 |
| antiviral, anticellular and enzyme-inducing activities of interferons in rd-114 cells. | rd-114 is a human sarcoma-derived cell line which is chronically infected with the rd-114 retrovirus. in a previous study, we found that treatment of these cells with human interferon-alpha or human interferon-gamma causes a marked inhibition of rd-114 virus production, but that the replication of exogenous vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis virus is not impaired. in the present study, we report that neither type of interferon has strong inhibitory effects on dna synthesis or on multip ... | 1983 | 6194249 |
| analysis of genetic variation in theiler's virus during persistent infection in the mouse central nervous system. | the genetic changes occurring in the bean strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) during persistent infection in the mouse central nervous system (cns) were studied. rnase t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of the rnas of 28 bean viruses isolated at various times postinfection (p.i.) demonstrated that mutation occurred throughout the infection. although plaque-purified bean virus was used to inoculate mice intracerebrally, genetically different viruses were recovered from the cn ... | 1983 | 6192587 |
| regulation of the antiviral and anticellular activities of interferon by exogenous double-stranded rna. | the effects of double-stranded rna (dsrna) on interferon (ifn)-induced antiviral and anticellular activities was investigated by introducing poly(i)-poly(c) into mouse l-cells. coprecipitation of dsrna with calcium phosphate enabled its efficient penetration into cells in culture. rate of cellular protein synthesis was inhibited by dsrna only in cultures pretreated with ifn. moreover, the anticellular effect of ifn, as measured by the inhibition of cell dna synthesis, was also enhanced by dsrna. ... | 1983 | 6192322 |
| tunicamycin treatment inhibits the antiviral activity of interferon in mice. | earlier we reported that tunicamycin (tm) treatment of l cells in vitro significantly enhances the antiviral activity of interferon (ifn) against viruses (such as vesicular stomatitis, sindbis, and herpes simplex) which bud from membranes. however, no such enhancement of the antiviral activity of ifn by tm was observed against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) (nonbudding). we were interested to know whether tm would similarly enhance the antiviral activity of ifn and ifn inducers in vivo agains ... | 1983 | 6190759 |
| rrna cleavage as an index of ppp(a2'p)na activity in interferon-treated encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells. | in cell-free systems, 2-5a [ppp(a2'p)na, n = 2 to greater than or equal to 4] activates a latent endoribonuclease, the 2-5a-dependent rnase, which cleaves rrna in intact ribosomes into discrete and characteristic products (d. h. wreschner et al., nucleic acids res. 9:1571-1581, 1981). here we present northern blots which have identified the 18s or 28s origins of the cleaved products from rrna. in addition, identical 3' termini were observed for fragments of 18s rrna from a hela cell-free system ... | 1983 | 6190010 |
| [comparative study of the biological properties of plasmid and natural human interferons]. | a comparative study of biological properties of natural and plasmid human interferons was carried out. natural and leukocyte interferons: alpha (induced by newcastle disease virus) and gamma (induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a) as well as natural fibroblastic beta interferon induced by poly(i) x poly(c) were studied in comparison with plasmid interferons alpha-f and alpha-f/d obtained from recombinant bacteria. antigenic determinants of plasmid interferons alpha-f and alpha-f/d were found t ... | 1983 | 6189294 |
| 2-5a(pppa2'p5'a2'p5'a) in interferon-treated encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mouse l-cells. | 1981 | 6189212 | |
| differential antiviral effects of interferon in three murine cell lines. | infectious leukemia virus production by two chronically infected nih/mol lines was strongly inhibited by interferon treatment of the cells. the corresponding degree of inhibition in jlsv-11 cells was much lower. multiplication of encephalomyocarditis virus in all three cell lines was barely affected by interferon treatment. replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, on the other hand, was highly sensitive to interferon in the jlsv-11 line and in one nih/mol line but was practically insensitive i ... | 1983 | 6187940 |
| persistence of interferon action in mouse cells permeabilized with lysolecithin. | dna synthesis, as measured by incorporation of [(3)h]ttp, was inhibited in swiss mouse 3t3 cells treated with interferon and subsequently permeabilized with lysolecithin. the degree of inhibition observed was similar in intact or permeabilized cells. the interferon-induced antiviral state was retained in permeabilized cells. | 1983 | 6187939 |
| inhibition of mrna methylation: an approach to specific inhibition of viral replication. | eukaryotic mrnas and most viral mrnas contain very extensive modification on the 5' end consisting of the "cap," part of which is a guanine which is methylated in the 7-position. it is quite well established that the methylated cap is essential for the efficient translation of the mrna. in a search for an effective chemotherapeutic agent, dr. roland robins synthesized the compound ribavirin; this compound turned out to be an extraordinarily effective virostatic agent against both rna and dna vir ... | 1982 | 6187726 |
| [properties of human alpha-interferon f and hybrid interferon f/d obtained from recombinant bacteria compared to the properties of an interferon preparation from human leukocytes]. | 1983 | 6187523 | |
| enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity and induction of interferon by the lipophilic agents dda and cp-20,961. | 1982 | 6187475 | |
| assessment of viral and immune factors in emc virus-induced diabetes: effects of cyclosporin a and interferon. | emc virus-induced diabetes in mice may be a model of human type i diabetes. it is postulated that auto-immune reaction plays a role in beta cell destruction after viral aggression. the use of anti-viral (interferon) or immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporin a) could contribute to an understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes in this model. early or late administration of cyclosporin a increased mortality and frequency of diabetes in female mice and did not influence these parameters in males de ... | 1983 | 6186814 |
| effect of interferon on encephalomyocarditis virus infection of cultured mouse pancreatic b cells. | the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) produces a disease similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in some but not all strains of mice. this diabetogenic m variant was found to induce fivefold more interferon than non-diabetogenic strains of emc in cultures of mouse l 929 fibroblasts. when interferon induced by the m variant was added to monolayers of b cells from both diabetes-'susceptible' cd-1 mice and 'resistant' c57 bl/6 mice before emc infection, b cell damage and vi ... | 1983 | 6186560 |
| [effect of a number of antitumor preparations on rna- and protein-synthesizing processes and viral interferon induction in krebs 2 ascites carcinoma cells]. | antitumor drugs: adenosine cyclophosphane, adenosine thiophosphamide, colchamine thiophosphamide, and tribetamide inhibited rna biosynthesis in krebs-ii ascitic carcinoma cells and in similar concentrations they were much less inhibiting for protein-synthesizing processes (in cells and cell-free protein-synthesizing system). the drugs could inhibit interferon synthesis, possibly after virus induction, in krebs-ii ascitic carcinoma cells only in concentrations significantly inhibiting the synthes ... | 1982 | 6186093 |
| indomethacin and aspirin do not inhibit the antiviral or anti-proliferative actions of interferon. | neither indomethacin nor aspirin, at concentrations which inhibited the formation of prostaglandins and prevented the interferon-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic gmp, had any significant effect on the development of the interferon-induced antiviral state either in mouse l1210 cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus or in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. furthermore, neither drug had any significant effect on the interferon-induced inhibition of ... | 1982 | 6185629 |
| suppressor factors and their potential for immunotherapy, and chemical influences on interferons. | 1982 | 6184353 | |
| protective effect of different mouse interferons in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis (emc). | antiviral activity of various preparations of mouse interferons (mu-ifn) administered prophylactically by the intranasal route 4 h before intranasal infection of mice with emc virus was studied. in spite of the same activity of mu-ifn preparations in vitro, their antiviral effect in vivo displayed differences. the "alveolar" mu-ifn induced with ndv obtained in the upper respiratory tract, appeared to be the most effective interferon preparation in the prophylaxis of viral infection in mice. seve ... | 1982 | 6184029 |
| analysis of antiviral state in rd114 and a204 cells after interferon treatment. | 1982 | 6183688 | |
| mouse genes influence antiviral action of interferon in vivo. | balb/c mice are more sensitive to the antiviral effect of interferon than c57bl/6 mice, as demonstrated by experiments involving protection against lethal infection with encephalomyocarditis virus. this greater sensitivity of the balb/c genotype to interferon action is in accord with previous observations that the bone marrow-derived erythroid precursors and macrophages of balb/c mice are more sensitive to the anti-proliferative action of interferon than those of c57bl/6 mice. an analysis of the ... | 1982 | 6183213 |
| automated, quantitative cytopathic effect reduction assay for interferon. | a rapid, cytopathic effect reduction assay for human interferon (ifn) is described. dilutions of ifn were made with an automated diluter in 96-well microtiter plates. total incubation time was 26 h. ifn titers were calculated from optical density readings of crystal violet-stained monolayers in an automated spectrophotometer, which required less than 1 min to read each plate. | 1982 | 6181091 |
| enhancement of viral rna-induced interferon production of l cells treated with insulin and amphotericin b methyl ester. | a study was initiated to develop a more efficient method of producing high-titered l cell interferon. the induction of interferon by viral infectious rna could be augmented by pretreating the cell cultures with insulin and infecting in the presence of amphotericin b methyl ester (ambme). l cells were treated for 24 hr with different concentrations of insulin and then challenged with mm virus rna suspended in a balanced salt solution with and without ambme. the fluids were collected 48 hr after i ... | 1981 | 6180090 |
| a putative interferon induced in hamsters by poly(i) . poly(c). | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus causes lethal infection of hamsters against which poly(i) . poly(c) causes dose-dependent protection. in contrast, no antiviral effects occur with poly(i) . poly(c) against influenza virus infection of hamsters. serum from poly(i) . poly(c) treated hamsters protects other hamsters against emc virus infection with maximum protection with serum removed 3h after poly(i) . poly(c) treatment of the donor hamsters. in such assays the factor was found to be inactivated ... | 1981 | 6180078 |
| interferon-mediated antiviral state in human mrc5 cells in the absence of detectable levels of 2-5a synthetase and protein kinase. | treatment of human hela and mrc5 cells with human alpha (leukocyte) and beta (fibroblast) interferon results in the development of an antiviral state against two types of viruses: vesicular stomatitis virus (rhabdovirus) and encephalomyocarditis virus (picornavirus). these cells, however, differ in their ability to synthesize the two double-stranded (ds) rna-dependent enzymatic activities, pppa(2'p5'a)n synthetase (2-5a synthetase) and protein kinase which have been reported to be induced in sev ... | 1981 | 6180053 |
| platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) inhibits antiviral and anticellular actin of interferon in synchronized mouse or human cells. | antiviral and anticellular action of purified mouse or human interferon was found to be inhibited in the quiescent, monolayer cultures of mouse or human fibroblasts (3t3 and fs-14) stimulated for growth by pdgf. in the asynchronous cell cultures the antagonistic effect of pdgf towards interferon, was much less evident. the optimal synchronization of cells for division was obtained by density inhibition and the incubation of the confluent cell monolayers in the low serum medium for 24 h and in 5% ... | 1980 | 6180044 |
| interferon action in human fibroblasts: induction of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the absence of detectable protein kinase activity. | in several strains of human fibroblasts, treatment with human alpha- or beta-interferon (ifn) resulted in an induction of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase but no protein kinase activity. the antiviral and anticellular effects of ifn are elicited in these cells in the absence of detectable ifn-induced protein kinase activity. | 1982 | 6179503 |
| interferon action against reovirus: activation of interferon-induced protein kinase in mouse l929 cells upon reovirus infection. | 1982 | 6179298 | |
| human interferon suppression of retrovirus production and cell fusion, and failure to inhibit replication of encephalomyocarditis virus in rhabdomyosarcoma (rd114) cells. | 1982 | 6179291 | |
| [sensitivity of a continuous cell culture of human ovarian carcinoma to interferon preparations of different origins]. | a comparative study of homologous (human) and heterologous (porcine and bovine) leukocyte interferon preparations showed them to have antiviral and antiproliferative effects on caov tumor cells culture derived from human ovary carcinoma. these effects were lower in heterologous than in homologous interferon preparations. | 1982 | 6178220 |
| control of the ppp(a2'p)na system in hela cells. effects of interferon and virus infection. | hela cells have an unusually high level of ppp(a2'p)na synthetase (n = 2 to greater than or equal to 4) even in the absence of interferon treatment. in accord with this ppp(a2'p)na and ppp(a2'p)na-mediated ribosomal rna cleavage occur naturally in response to encephalomyocarditis virus infection in control as well as in interferon-treated cells. despite this, in the absence of interferon treatment, encephalomyocarditis virus grows well in these cells. a possible explanation for this paradox is t ... | 1982 | 6177533 |
| inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures treated with prostaglandin e1. | 1982 | 6177007 | |
| is a compromised interferon response an etiologic factor in reye's syndrome? | young mice injected with sublethal doses of toximul mp8, a typical commercial polyoxyethylene ether-based emulsifier, died more frequently when infected with encephalomyocarditis virus than did control mice. lymphocytes taken from emulsifier-injected mice responded poorly to interferon induction, unlike lymphocytes from control animals. interferon protected control mice against viral encephalomyocarditis, but such protection was not equally demonstrable in emulsifier-injected mice. these data su ... | 1982 | 6176306 |
| virus-mediated inhibition of the ppp(a2'p)na system and its prevention by interferon. | 1982 | 6176229 | |
| mechanism of antiviral action of quercetin against cardiovirus infection in mice. | oral treatment with quercetin protected abd2f1/jena mice significantly against intraperitoneal encephalomyocarditis, col, sk, mm, mengo m,l and mengom virus infections, but not against intracerebral challenge with mengom virus. enhanced resistance to mengom virus were induced in the genetically different dba 2/jena, c57bl/jena, c57bl/lati and abc2f1/jena mice, c57bl6/jena nu/nu mice were also protected, indicating that the thymus was non-essential to the protective effects of quercetin. in ab/je ... | 1981 | 6176184 |
| use of viral infections in animal models to assess changes in the immune system. | viral infections in animal models appear to be ideal systems for determining toxicity to the immune system by environmental substances. since many viral infections that are utilized in animals produce systemic disease, these models provide an opportunity to evaluate the interaction between virus and components of host resistance. in these infections it is possible to delineate the role of antibody, interferon, cell-mediated immunity, neutrophils and macrophages in response to infection. a change ... | 1982 | 6174323 |
| assay of interferon by measurement of reduction of mm virus rna synthesis. | 1981 | 6173620 | |
| reversal by hypotonic medium of the antiviral state induced by lymphoblastoid interferon in human hela cells. | the induction kinetics of the antiviral state in hela cells treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon (ifn) was studied. in cells treated with 4-200 u/ml ifn, the antiviral state was fully established in 7-9 h. inhibition of virus multiplication was more rapid if the concentration of ifn was increased to 1,000 u/ml. this antiviral state gradually disappeared during the 48 h after ifn removal. several compounds known to act on the cell membrane or on the cytoskeleton were tested for their infl ... | 1981 | 6173348 |
| antiviral activity of bacteria-derived human alpha interferons against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. | bacteria-derived human leukocyte interferon (ifn) subtypes, ifn-alpha a, -alpha b, and -alpha d, and two hybrid ifns, ifn-alpha ad and -alpha da, were examined for both in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity. two of these materials in highly purified form (ifn-alpha d and -alpha d) protect mice against lethal doses of encephalomyocarditis virus infection. a single dose of 1 microgram of protein of ifn-alpha d 3 h before infection conferred protection in both bdf1 and cd-1 mice against encephalo ... | 1982 | 6173327 |
| antiviral activities of hybrids of two major human leukocyte interferons. | four hybrid human leukocyte interferon (leif or ifn-alpha) genes have been constructed by in vitro recombination of leif-a (ifn-alpha 2) and leif-d (ifn-alpha 1) genes at common restriction endonuclease sites located within their coding regions. these hybrid genes have been expressed in e. coli under trp promoter control. the interferons produced [leif-ad (bglii), -ad (pvuii), -da (bglii), -da (pvuii)] have antiviral properties distinct from the parental molecules leif-a and -d, varying consider ... | 1981 | 6171779 |
| growth inhibitory effect of mouse interferon in transformed cells. | 1981 | 6171141 | |
| protein synthesis and membrane integrity in interferon-treated hela cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. | the survival of interferon (ifn)-treated cells after encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection depends on both the concentration of interferon and the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) used. the cell survived emc infection if a high ifn/m.o.i. ratio was used in the experiment, whereas cell death took place at low ifn/m.o.i. ratios, even if ifn is also present during infection. analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins synthesized in ifn-treated cells subsequently infected ... | 1981 | 6170728 |
| specific high-affinity binding of 125i-labeled mouse interferon to interfevon resistant embryonal carcinoma cells in vitro. | 1981 | 6170161 | |
| a mouse cell line, which is unprotected by interferon against lytic virus infection, lacks ribonuclease f activity. | a mouse cell line, nih 3t3, does not respond to some of the activities of interferon. even after treatment with high concentrations of interferon the replication of lytic viruses, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is not inhibited in these cells. in contrast, interferon treatment of these same cells results in the inhibition of moloney murine leukemia virus (mmulv) production. we have analyzed enzymatic pathways which are induced by interferon in thes ... | 1981 | 6169526 |
| the effect of experimental infection of mice with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus on interferon production by alveolar and peritoneal cells in vitro. | after infection of mice with emc virus, dose-dependent increase or decrease of the synthesis of in vitro newcastle disease virus (ndv)-induced interferon was observed in alveolar and peritoneal cells. it was shown that peritoneal cells from mice with mild course of the infection (infecting dose 0.2-1.0 ld50 per mouse) produce interferon in vitro on the same level as the control cells. alveolar cells isolated from the same mice shortly after infection exhibited increased interferon production in ... | 1981 | 6169322 |
| translational elongation rate changes in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected and interferon-treated cells. | infection of mouse l cells with encephalomyocarditis virus results in a rapid inhibition of host protein synthesis before the synthesis of viral proteins. although no alterations in initiation factor activities have been demonstrated in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mouse cells, a defect in polypeptide chain elongation has been shown to occur in infected cell extracts. we investigated the significance of this elongation defect in the host shutoff phenomenon in vivo. average polypeptide cha ... | 1981 | 6168777 |
| studies on the mode of action of single-stranded polynucleotides which are antiviral against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. | poly(di) and poly(dc) administered separately or sequentially show no antiviral effects against emc virus infection of mice, whereas poly(ri) and poly(rc) are antiviral in such treatment regimens without evidence of interferon induction. the antiviral effects of poly(ri) and poly(rc) appear to depend on single-strandedness because their antiviral effects are decreased by annealing to poly(dc) and poly(di) respectively. this decrease in antiviral effect would not seem to be due to an adverse effe ... | 1981 | 6168248 |
| virus-specific interferon action. protection of newborn mx carriers against lethal infection with influenza virus. | the efficacy of interferon in antiviral protection of newborn mice differing at the mx locus was investigated. adult mice bearing the allele mx exhibit a high degree of specific resistance toward lethal challenge with influenza viruses. in contrast, newborn mx carriers are virtually as susceptible to influenza viruses as newborn mice devoid of mx. resistance can be abrogated by treating adult animals with anti-interferon serum. here, we provide direct evidence of a virus-specific effect of inter ... | 1981 | 6166723 |
| regulation of 2'5'-oligo(a) polymerase activity in quiescent human fibroblasts treated with interferon. | 1981 | 6166120 | |
| ribosomal rna cleavage, nuclease activation and 2-5a(ppp(a2'p)na) in interferon-treated cells. | ribosomal rna (rrna) in intact ribosomes is cleaved into discrete products on incubation of reticulocyte lysates or l-cell extracts with ppp(a2'p)3a. cleavage of rrna may, therefore, provide a useful assay for 2-5a (ppp)a2'p)na; n = 2 to 4) or for the presence of a 2-5a-dependent nuclease. the results with reticulocyte lysates differed from those obtained in the l-cell-free system in that (a) a different rna cleavage pattern was produced (with added l-cell ribosomes) and (b) cleavage was fully a ... | 1981 | 6164990 |
| dissociation of interferon effects on murine leukemia virus and encephalomyocarditis virus replication in mouse cells. | two subclones of swiss mouse cells infected with moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv) were tested for their response to interferon (ifn). whereas m-mulv production in the two subclones was inhibited to the same extent, one of the subclones was significantly more sensitive to ifn when the antiviral effect was measured by replication of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the same subclone was also more sensitive to the anticellular activities of ifn. additionally, nih 3t3 cells infected with m-mu ... | 1981 | 6163874 |
| rapid, quantitative, semiautomated assay for virus-induced and immune human interferons. | an improved human interferon (if) assay is described. this procedure is based on the ability of encephalomyocarditis virus to replicate in wish cell microcultures with the production of discrete plaques in the presence of a liquid tissue culture medium. performance of 50% plaque reduction endpoint assays in micro-culture required only 0.1 ml of specimen for determinations using duplicate dilutions beginning at 1:3. semiautomated equipment facilitated simultaneous in situ dilution and distributio ... | 1980 | 6163794 |
| role of 2',5'-oligo(adenylic acid) polymerase in the degradation of ribonucleic acid linked to double-stranded ribonucleic acid by extracts of interferon-treated cells. | rna covalently linked to double-stranded rna (dsrna) is preferentially degraded in extracts of interferon-treated hela cells [nilsen, t. w., & baglioni, c. (1979) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 76, 2600-2604]. the size of the dsrna required for this preferential degradation has been determined by annealing poly(i) of known length to the poly(c) tract of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna or by annealing poly(u) to poly(a) of known length of vesicular stomatitis virus mrna. the dsrna must be lo ... | 1980 | 6161640 |
| the antiviral activity of ribosomal polynucleotides against encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. | intraperitoneal administration of ribosomal rna (rrna) was found to protect mice against subsequent lethal infection by encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus without induction of detectable amounts of circulating interferon. the nature of this effect was examined in terms of the types of natural polyribonucleotides which could afford such protection. rrna prepared from e. coli was slightly more effective than chicken liver rrna which was, in turn, more effective than yeast rrna. 5s ribosomal rna was ... | 1980 | 6160832 |
| human leukocyte interferon produced by e. coli is biologically active. | a human leukocyte interferon cdna was enzymatically synthesized, inserted into the vector pbr322, and cloned in escherichia coli. the dna sequence codes for a 23-amino acid signal peptide followed by an interferon polypeptide of 165 amino acids. an expression plasmid was constructed which permits the synthesis in e. coli of 2.5 x 10(8) units of interferon per litre of culture. this leif protected squirrel monkeys from lethal encephalomyocarditis virus infection. | 1980 | 6159538 |
| emulsifiers that enhance susceptibility to virus infection: increased virus penetration and reduced interferon response. | an emulsifier which had an environmental relationship to reye's syndrome, when used to treated l-929 cultures, was shown to increase the rate of encephalomyocarditis virus penetration and uncoating while having no effect on the attachment of virus or on the replication of infectious ribonucleic acid. this treatment also rendered l-929 cells unable to respond normally to interferon inducers and reversed an already established interferon antiviral state. it is proposed that one or more of these ac ... | 1980 | 6158915 |
| [antiviral activity of murine interferons produced by bacterial and animal cell translation of messenger rna]. | interferon was produced by e. coli bacteria and animal cell messenger-rna--interferon translation (mrna--if). the activity of the interferon produced by simultaneous mrna--if translation in these two cellular systems was, approximately, similar. the interferons translated by bacteria and animal cells inhibited the cytopathic effect, reproduction and plaque-formation of vesicular stomatitis virus, and, to a greater extent, of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. the virus titration was carried out b ... | 1980 | 6158177 |
| 2'5' oligo(a) polymerase activity in serum of mice infected with emc virus or treated with interferon. | interferon-treated cells show an increase in two double-stranded rna (dsrna)-dependent enzymatic activities involving an oligoadenylate polymerase and a protein kinase (ref. 1 and refs therein). the polymerase converts atp into a series of oligonucleotides characterized by 2'5'-phosphodiester bonds, designated 2'5'-oligo(a) or 2-5a (ref. 1). these oligonucleotides activate an endoribonuclease that degrades rna in extracts of control and interferon-treated cells. these observations have been made ... | 1980 | 6157092 |
| on the mechanism of single-stranded rna synthesis by encephalomyocarditis virus replication complexes: preferential inhibition by adenylyl (beta, gamma-methylene)-diphosphonate. | 1980 | 6156090 | |
| type i and type ii interferons: differential antiviral actions in transformed cells. | in transformed mouse embryo cells, type ii interferon had much less antiviral activity than type i interferon. in non-transformed cells, the two interferons had similar high activity, reversal of the phenotype of moloney sarcoma virus (msv) transformed cells by sodium butyrate restored their sensitivity to the antiviral action of type ii interferon. additional evidence for a role of the cytoskeletal network in the action of type ii interferon is that its antiviral effect is reduced by cytochalas ... | 1980 | 6155431 |
| a highly efficient method of cell infection with encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | a method for infecting krebs-ii cells with encephalomyocarditis virus rna based on treatment of the cells with deae-dextran at high concentration was elaborated. the specific infectivity of virion rna was 3 x 10(8) plaque-forming units per microgram, i. e. comparable to the specific infectivity of the whole virus. a high proportion of the cell population could be infected by this method. | 1980 | 6106373 |
| disparate response of encephalomyocarditis virus and mm virus to interferon in jls-v9r cells. | jls-v9r cells, a balb/c mouse bone marrow cell line chronically infected with rauscher leukemia virus, were treated with mouse interferon and inoculated with several different lytic viruses. relatively low interferon concentrations protected the cells against sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and mm virus. in contrast, encephalomyocarditis virus replication was inhibited by less than 1 log even with an interferon concentration of 1000 u/ml. these findings provide further evidence that in ... | 1984 | 6099710 |
| a radioimmunologic technique to screen for antibodies to alpha-2 interferon. | a radioimmunologic technique has been developed to screen sera of persons receiving human alpha-2 interferon for the presence of specific antibodies to alpha-2 interferon. the method is sensitive and easy to perform. it tests the ability of the sera to neutralize alpha-2 interferon and prevent the interferon from being detected by an immunoradiometric assay. the results obtained using this technique are in good agreement with an anti-viral, cytopathic effect assay. using the immunological techni ... | 1984 | 6097611 |
| [action of human leukocyte and immune interferons on the reproduction and cytopathogenic effect of the encephalomyocarditis virus in mice]. | a comparative study of the antiviral effect of human immune and leukocyte interferons in homologous diploid cells showed that the resistant condition of the cells produced by interferon depended on the type and concentration of the inhibitor, its presence in the culture medium and time of action on the cells. reproduction of emc virus and its cytopathic effect were inhibited to a much greater extent when the cells were treated with leukocyte interferon. the resistance of the cells in both cases ... | 1984 | 6097046 |
| different ph requirements for entry of the two picornaviruses, human rhinovirus 2 and murine encephalomyocarditis virus. | the entry into cells of human rhinovirus 2 (hrv 2) and murine encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was studied by the use of light-sensitive virus grown in the presence of acridine orange (hrv 2) and neutral red (emc). hela cells were protected against infection with hrv 2 by nh4cl, monensin, and other compounds known to increase the ph of intracellular vesicles. preincubation of the cells with the same compounds reduced the ability of the cells to bind [35s]methionine-labeled hrv 2, apparently due ... | 1984 | 6097029 |
| the protection of coenzyme q10 against experimental viral myocarditis in mice. | we studied the effects of coenzyme q10 (coq10) on dba/2 mice inoculated with the m variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. the mice were treated as follows: 1) coq group (n = 49); coq10 1.0 mg (0.1 ml) x 2/day (0.1 mg/g/day), 2) control group (n = 55); sham-liquid 0.1 ml x 2/day. these treatments were intraperitoneally performed every day on days -1 to 12. in both groups, we determined the heart and serum contents of coq9 and coq10, which are the biologically active forms of coq in mice, in the m ... | 1984 | 6096581 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus rna synthesis in vitro is protein-primed. | a crude membrane-bound replication complex isolated from encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells is able to initiate the synthesis of viral rna. both the formation of the primer, vpg-pu, and its utilization for the initiation of rna chains take place in this system. a significant amount of the synthesized vpg-pu is found in the free form. the predominant product of the de novo initiation is represented by short phenol-soluble vpg oligonucleotide species, and only a small percentage of the latt ... | 1984 | 6096134 |
| activity of human recombinant and lymphoblastoid interferons in human and heterologous cell lines. | three human alpha interferon (huifn-alpha) preparations currently being used in clinical trials, rifn-alpha a, rifn-alpha 2, and lymphoblastoid ifn (lym-ifn) had appreciable activity against encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv) in guinea pig transformed and guinea pig embryo cells, but not mouse l or rabbit kidney cells. the level of activity in guinea pig cells, compared with human wish cells, was 182% (range 9%-1,900%). these results suggest that the guinea pig may be us ... | 1984 | 6094683 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus replication complexes preferentially utilizing nucleoside diphosphates as substrates for viral rna synthesis. nucleotide kinases specifically associated with the complex channel rna precursor. | replication complexes (rc) of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus were shown previously to contain components that exhibit marked preference for nucleoside diphosphates over nucleoside triphosphates (ntp) as substrates for viral rna synthesis [koonin and agol (1983), virology 129, 309-318]. these ndp-preferring components have now been found to posses the following properties. when rc preparations were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the fractions containing ndp-preferr ... | 1984 | 6092069 |
| [the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of encephalomyocarditis virus rna]. | reverse transcription afforded dna-copies of the 3'-terminal sequence of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus rna. cloning of this cdna in pbr 322 plasmid and sequencing of dna of one of the clones established the structure (552 nucleotide residues) of the 3'-terminus of viral rna. this region contains a non-translatable fragment (126 nucleotides) and also the fragment coding for the c-terminus of viral replicase. | 1983 | 6091696 |
| [heterogeneity of the poly(c) tract of encephalomyocarditis virus rna]. | the nucleotide sequence of the rnase t1-resistant fragment of encephalomyocarditis virus rna that includes the poly(c) tract was determined by gel sequencing and mobility shift methods. this sequence is (5') ac126(127) ucucucuc9uaacg (3'). the results show that the poly(c) tract is discontinuous, i.e., it is interrupted by the ucucucu-sequence. the tract displays anomalously high mobility in polyacrylamide gels as compared to random polynucleotides, indicating that electrophoretic determination ... | 1983 | 6091690 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminus of encephalomyocarditis virus rna]. | reverse transcription produced dna-copies of the 3'-terminal sequence of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus rna. cloning and sequencing of this cdna afforded the structure of the 3'-terminus of viral rna over the length of 2988 nucleotide residues. the probable sites of proteolytic cleavage of the immature protein have been determined and the homology with the respective poliovirus proteins has been established. | 1984 | 6091680 |
| the emc-virus induced insulitis . a sign of autoimmunity. | 1984 | 6091613 | |
| the importance of immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus induced diabetes in mice. | the pathogenesis of emc virus induced diabetes has generally been thought to be caused by direct cytopathic effect of the virus on beta cells with susceptibility or resistance dictated primarily by the density of viral receptors on the beta cells of different individuals. the histological finding of insulitis, our demonstration of a protective effect of immunosuppression with als or anti-theta antibody and silica supports host immune factors as important determinants of susceptibility. a critica ... | 1984 | 6091611 |
| pppa2'p5a' blocks vesicular stomatitis virus replication in intact cells. | pppa2'p5'a blocked the production of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus in hela cells. when this compound was present from the beginning of infection, a selective inhibitory effect was observed in viral protein synthesis. thus, cellular translation was not affected even after 10 h of incubation with this compound, and the bulk of viral proteins was not synthesized. however, this effect was not observed with atp, gtp, or the core a2'p5'a. the step blocked by pppa2'p5'a is located early during ... | 1984 | 6090695 |
| antiviral activity of lambda-, beta-, and gamma-interferons in the presence of theophylline: involvement of 2',5'-oligo(a) synthetase. | theophylline, an inhibitor of camp phosphodiesterase, induces in human ovary carcinoma cells (caov) a 2-2.5-fold elevation of intracellular camp. this rise in the camp level is followed by an increase of the activity of 2',5'-oligo(a) synthetase in caov cells -insignificant (1.5-fold) after 16 hr incubation, and substantial (3.7-fold) after 30 hr incubation, as well as the development of antiviral resistance. once caov cells have been incubated with the mixtures containing theophylline (2 mm) an ... | 1984 | 6089814 |
| activation of the ppp(a2'p)na system in interferon-treated, herpes simplex virus-infected cells and evidence for novel inhibitors of the ppp(a2'p)na-dependent rnase. | high doses (100-1000 reference units/ml) of alpha or beta interferons are required to inhibit the growth of herpes simplex virus types i and ii (hsv-i and hsv-ii) in human chang cells. in contrast, much lower doses (10-100 reference units/ml) of interferon inhibit replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in these cells. in the hsv-infected cells these high doses did not prevent the virus-induced shut off of host protein synthesis. the interferons were more effective in reducing the virus ... | 1984 | 6088228 |
| the effect of liposomal charge on the neutralizing antibody response against inactivated encephalomyocarditis and semliki forest viruses. | the primary neutralizing antibody response to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and semliki forest virus (sfv) is enhanced by addition of either negatively or positively charged liposomes. the purified u.v. light inactivated viruses were merely mixed with liposomes and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice. in contrast, neutral liposomes were unable to enhance the primary response to these viruses. furthermore primary immunization with inactivated sfv mixed with either neutral, positively o ... | 1984 | 6086188 |
| protection against herpes virus and encephalomyocarditis virus encephalitis with a double-stranded rna inducer of interferon. | 1970 | 5414254 | |
| [synthesis of virus-specific proteins in cells infected by the encephalomyocarditis virus]. | 1971 | 5103259 | |
| viral infection and resistance in immunosuppressed host. ii. stimulatory effect and morphology following a single injection of an interferon inducer of the double-stranded rna type. | 1973 | 4405392 | |
| evaluation of the czechoslovak double-stranded rna preparation as inducer of interferon in model experiments. | 1972 | 4404898 | |
| effect of nembutal on uninfected and encephalomyocarditis virus-infected krebs-ii carcinoma cells. | 1972 | 4404100 | |
| distribution of antiviral and cell-inhibitory activity in interferon preparations. | 1972 | 4403180 | |
| enhancement of interferon production by lowered temperature and-or cyclohexximide in endotoxin-stimulated mouse leukocytes. | 1972 | 4402251 | |
| effect of cyclophosphamide on the protective action of endotoxin in mice challenged with encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1972 | 4402249 | |
| interaction between encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and polio-virus in cultured cells. increase in the number of emc virus-producing cells. | 1972 | 4401077 | |
| release of interferon by mouse peritoneal cells in vitro. the requirement of contact with endotoxin and the temperature dependence of release. | 1969 | 4398704 | |
| relation of incubation temperature to interferon production in mouse peritoneal cells infected with newcastle disease virus. | 1969 | 4398703 |