Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| hand-arm vibration and terrain vehicles. | hand-arm vibration was measured on the handlebars of terrain vehicles (n = 36) and a postal inquiry was made among n = 2705 reindeer herders (snowmobile drivers). since many subjects had also used other vibrating tools the snowmobile group proper (n = 334) was established. in the whole group 19% of the subjects reported having experienced white finger attacks and 48% numbness of the hands. the frequency-weighted acceleration of snowmobile vibration was 3.5 m/s2, and risk evaluation using the iso ... | 1995 | 9150990 |
| trypanosomiasis in woodland caribou of northern alberta. | blood was collected from 49 adult woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) captured in northern alberta, canada, from october to february, 1991 to 1992 and 1992 to 1993. smears of the buffy coat layer and of whole blood were examined microscopically for trypanosoma sp., and blood was cultured for latent parasites. trypanosomes were present in 41 (84%) of 49 cultures 9 days or older, but none was detected in fresh blood. trypanosomes were pleomorphic, consisting of small oval amastigotes, 2 t ... | 1997 | 9131558 |
| repetitive sequence families in alces alces americana. | high-resolution derivative melting was used to obtain detailed distributions of local (g + c) contents in a number of ruminant dnas. profiles over low (g + c) regions [20-36% (g + c)] are congruent for all ruminants. this region represents 45-50% of the nuclear dna content and primarily contains intergenic and intron sequences. the high (g + c) region, where most coding sequences are found [38-68% (g + c)], is marked by satellite bands denoting the presence of transcriptionally inert, tandemly r ... | 1997 | 9115175 |
| [the dynamics of the radiation load on reindeer on novaya zemlya]. | the esr analysis was carried out aiming at studying the activity of radionuclides in the dental enamel, dentin, and mandible bone tissues of reindeer of novaya zemlya. doses of absorbed ionizing radiation were assessed. it was determined that the doses obtained by reindeer during underground nuclear tests were ten times higher and the activity of 90sr was greater than those for reindeer living after the nuclear tests were suspended. relatively high values of doses were observed for reindeer livi ... | 1997 | 9102135 |
| morphological peculiarities of respiratory compartments of arctic animal lungs. | morphological and ultrastructural peculiarities of interalveolar septa in endemic arctic animals (reindeer, polar fox, lemming) are compared with laboratory animals (rat,dog). | 1997 | 9096789 |
| blood cadmium, game consumption and tobacco smoking in southern ontario anglers and hunters. | 1997 | 9094805 | |
| radiocesium body burdens in residents of northern canada from 1963-1990. | measurements of 137cs body burdens in over 1,100 people from five northern canadian communities were carried out with a portable whole body counting system during the winters of 1989 and 1990. these results are compared with over 3,000 similar measurements carried out during 1967-1969. community mean body burdens and body concentrations had decreased by approximately a factor of 30 between the two survey periods. the dependence of body concentrations on the sex and age of the subjects has also c ... | 1997 | 9030845 |
| estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by the method of esr-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals. | esr-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, european bison, moose), and man. values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, p1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mw for animals and man. a new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total esr spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. 'dose-response' depen ... | 1996 | 9022192 |
| pathogenesis of ruminant herpesvirus infections. | ruminants are hosts for members of both alpha- and gamma-herpesvirinae. a wide range of disease syndromes is associated with infections by these agents. the associated diseases reflect the biological nature of the causative viruses. clinically, the symptoms may be mild and localized or include severe generalized disease, leading eventually to death. much knowledge has been gained concerning the pathogenesis of some alpha-herpesviruses. initially, these viruses replicate in epithelial cells at th ... | 1996 | 9010994 |
| larvicidal effectiveness of doramectin against natural warble (hypoderma tarandi) and throat bot (cephenemyia trompe) infections in reindeer. | 1996 | 8994144 | |
| trapping oestrid parasites of reindeer: the relative age, fat body content and gonotrophic conditions of cephenemyia trompe and hypoderma tarandi females caught in baited traps. | dissection of flies caught in northern norway revealed that only mated, gravid females of h.tarandi (l.) and larviparous c.trompe (modeer) were caught in host-mimicking co2-baited traps. trapped females had the same gonotrophic and fat body (fb) conditions as females caught on and around reindeer. most trapped females of both species were of middle to old age, having only one-half to no fb reserves left and only a few to moderate numbers of eggs or larvae remaining. most young females trapped al ... | 1996 | 8994136 |
| trapping oestrid parasites of reindeer: the response of cephenemyia trompe and hypoderma tarandi to baited traps. | at 340-360 km north of the arctic circle in norway, hypoderma tarandi (l.) and cephenemyia trompe (modeer) females were caught in baited traps from 10 july to 21 august. during three summers, adverse climatic conditions inhibited flight activity of these oestrids on 56-68% of the days. flies were not caught prior to or after these dates, nor at winds above 8 m/s, temperatures below 10 degrees c, light intensities below 20,000 lux, or during periods of rain or snow. co2-baited insect flight traps ... | 1996 | 8994135 |
| dna sequences of rapd fragments in artiodactyls. | a bovine rapd profile, generated by a 10-mer primer, was analysed by sequencing the major fragments. three of four different fragments showed homologies to previously characterized mammalian sequences. one was 61-66% identical to line sequences and another was 78.5% identical to a human chromosome 2 sequence tagged site. the third fragment was 93.1% identical to the human type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor gene. this fragment had counterparts in white-tailed deer and reindeer; fragment ... | 1996 | 8984008 |
| chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from persons exposed to radioactive fallout in norway from the chernobyl accident. | chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from two norwegian populations (44 reindeer herding south samis from røros and snåsa, 12 sheep farmers from valdres) exposed to fallout from the chernobyl accident were made. the doses from caesium through the years 1987-1991 were calculated based on whole-body measurements 134cs and 137cs giving a total cumulative mean internal dose of 5.54 msv for the total group of 56 persons. chromosome aberrations were within the normal range when compared with ... | 1996 | 8980691 |
| [2 phases of form development realized during microevolution]. | the general "plan" of animal structure evolves due to the changes both, in body proportions and body size. the method allowing to estimate the level of population differentiation according to these two parameters was considered. in the process of population differentiation two phases of form formation can be discerned. on the first stage of microevolution the morphogenesis mainly proceeds by proportion changes. the next stage is characterised primarily by changes of size. the same phase can be o ... | 1996 | 8967162 |
| influence of various types of species-specific acoustic signals on the heart rate of mammals. | it has been demonstrated in the experiments on rodents and artiodactyles that significant changes in the heart rate (hr) in response to the presentation to animals of species-specific acoustic signals are manifested only under the conditions of a deficit of pragmatic information. the hr is determined in many respects by the type of signal, by the ecological particularities, and the physiological state of the animal perceiving the signal. in colonial and herd mammals, inhabitants of open spaces, ... | 1996 | 8912333 |
| high serum concentrations of vitamin e and cholesterol and low mortality from ischaemic heart disease in northern finland. | the regional mortality from ischaemic heart disease varies from low to high in northern finland. to clarify the reasons for this 361 men engaged in reindeer herding who lived in the northernmost part of the country, the sámi area, or a neighbouring reference area were investigated. the mortality from ihd in the general population was lower in the sámi area than the reference area. the serum lipid-adjusted vitamin e (alpha tocopherol) and cholesterol showed reverse trends, being higher in the sám ... | 1995 | 8900828 |
| experimental toxoplasma gondii infection leading to fatal enteritis in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | two, 50-60-kg yearling reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were inoculated intraruminally with 5,000 (reindeer 1) or 50,000 (reindeer 2) oocysts of the me-49 strain of toxoplasma gondii. both reindeer became ill day 4 postinoculation (p.i.). reindeer 2 died because of acute enteritis day 9 p.i. histologically, extensive necrosis and destruction of the intestinal mucosa were seen. numerous t. gondii organisms were demonstrated immunohistochemically. reindeer 1 was treated with sulfatrimethoprim for 2 da ... | 1996 | 8885901 |
| oxygen binding to fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin: stepwise enthalpies at ph 7.4. | high-precision thin-layer gas-solution microcalorimetry has been used to study the oxygen binding properties of fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin under physiological conditions. this method measures directly the enthalpy of macromolecular ligand binding by changing the ligand activity in a manner analogous to that of the gill thin-layer optical apparatus ([1], d. dolman and s. j. gill, anal. biochem., 87 (1978) 127-134). by logarithmically lowering the partial pressure of oxygen we have generat ... | 1996 | 8867331 |
| regional variation in radionuclide concentrations and radiation dose in caribou (rangifer tarandus) in the canadian arctic; 1992-94. | gamma-emitting radionuclides and 210po, an alpha-emitting product of the 238u decay chain, were analysed in tissues from 16 caribou (rangifer tarandus) collections in the canadian north between 1992 and 1994. the study was conducted to determine the regional variability of anthropogenic and natural radionuclides in canadian caribou, and to estimate the background radiation dose to caribou tissues. 137cs, 40k, 210pb and 210po were consistently found in most herds. mean muscle 137cs varied from be ... | 1996 | 8854940 |
| gastrointestinal nematodes depress food intake in naturally infected reindeer. | models have predicted that directly transmitted macroparasites may influence the abundance of forage plants in herbivore grazing systems by reducing the food intake of their host. evidence of parasite-induced alterations in host food intake is, however, limited mainly to sheep, cattle and laboratory rodents. we estimated the effect of naturally acquired parasite infections on the appetite of reindeer. food intake was significantly lower in infected reindeer compared to animals in which the paras ... | 1996 | 8851861 |
| population distributions of apoe, apoh, and apoa4 polymorphisms and their relationships with quantitative plasma lipid levels among the evenki herders of siberia. | we examined the distributions of seven polymorphic sites in three apolipoprotein genes (apoe, apoa4, and apoh) and their relationships with quantitative lipid levels (total cholesterol, ldl cholesterol, hdl cholesterol, and triglycerides) among the evenki reindeer herders of central siberia. the polymorphism data reveal several distinctive features that differentiate the evenki from white populations: the near absence of the apoe*2 allele, the highest ever recorded frequency of the apoh*3 allele ... | 1996 | 8838914 |
| cross-reactive, stage-specific antigens in the oestridae family. | the larval stages of different economically important oestridae species were studied for their antigenicity and cross reactivity, using elisa and immunoblotting. the immune sera of cattle from algeria, belgium, france and switzerland were compared for their capacity to recognize the stage-specific antigens of their specific parasites hypoderma bovis and h lineatum, originating from different populations. this comparison was extended to other hypoderminae species responsible for economic losses i ... | 1996 | 8822621 |
| experimental tick-borne fever infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | 1996 | 8799988 | |
| comparative fish mapping of bovine cosmids to reindeer chromosomes demonstrates conservation of the x-chromosome. | three x chromosome-specific bovine cosmids were used for fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping on reindeer (rangifer tarandus) chromosomes, to test whether such large genomic clones could be used for comparative mapping across distantly related species. all three cosmids showed distinct unique hybridization sites on the reindeer x. comparative map locations of these cosmids, together with the relative c-banding and genome size data on the x chromosomes of the two species, provide preliminar ... | 1996 | 8793206 |
| skeletal muscle characteristics of racing reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | samples from the middle gluteal muscle of 3-7-year-old racing reindeer were taken before (7 reindeer) and at the end of the racing season (12 reindeer) for determination of fibre type composition, activities of citrate synthase (cs), 3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase (had) and the glycogen content. muscle samples were also taken from 7 female and 18 male reindeer of same age for histochemical determination of muscle fibre composition. during the racing season the fibre type composition remained un ... | 1996 | 8759149 |
| dose-response relationship between smoking and impairment of hearing acuity in workers exposed to noise. | the study included an inquiry and clinical examination of 443 reindeer herders (mean age 43 years) who frequently used noisy tools and vehicles, in particular snowmobiles and chain-saws. age-adjusted hearing thresholds at 3 and 4 khz deteriorated significantly with increased exposure to noise. there was the dose-response relationship between the amount of smoking and the impairment of hearing acuity when exposure time to noise was used as covariance. the amount of smoking was not significant unt ... | 1995 | 8750748 |
| influence of season and diet on liver and kidney content of essential elements and heavy metals in svalbard reindeer. | samples of liver (n = 78) and kidney (n = 60) from svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus vrolik) collected at four different seasons in svalbard were analysed for their content of cd, pb, cu, zn, mn, and se. the study shows that when animals are exposed to large seasonal variations in both the quality and quantity of food, it is crucial to relate element concentrations to the physiological condition of the animal, e.g., to look at seasonal fluctuations in the total element content o ... | 1996 | 8727671 |
| [features of inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase hydrolysis with fluoranhydride esters of beta,beta-diphenylethylphosphonic acid]. | a new type of organophosphorus compounds-beta, beta-diphenylethylphosphonic acid fluoroanhydride esters-with various alkyl radicals (ch3, c2h5, c3h7, i-c3h7, c4h9, i-c4h9, c5h11, c6h13) and a phenyl radical (c6h5) have been tested as inhibitors of horse serum butyryl cholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.8) and two forms of reindeer liver carboxyl esterase (ec 3.1.1.1). all the tested compounds are strong irreversible inhibitors of butyryl cholinesterase and strong combined type inhibitors of carboxylesteras ... | 1996 | 8724606 |
| protection of balb/c mice against homologous and heterologous species of brucella by rough strain vaccines derived from brucella melitensis and brucella suis biovar 4. | to evaluate stable rough mutants derived from brucella melitensis 16m and b suis 2579 (biovar 4) as vaccines against homologous and heterologous brucella spp in the balb/c mouse model. design, animals, and procedure: rough mutants vtrm1 and vtrs1 were obtained from b melitensis 16m and b suis 2579, respectively, by allelic exchange of rfbu gene encoding mannosyltransferase with a tn5-disrupted rfbu gene. mice were vaccinated with vtrm1 or vtrs1 and challenge exposed 8 weeks later. | 1996 | 8723881 |
| [the spread of the principal socially important parasitic disease on the territory of the chukot autonomous okrug (chao)]. | the paper provides the examination findings of helminthiases in the population of the town of anadyr, the settlements of kanchalan, krasneno, and in the reindeer-breeding teams of the anadyr district, cad. the children infected with enterobiasis were shown to amount to 15.1 to 22.9%, diphyllobothriasis was detected in 12.9 - 33.7% of the examinees. single cases of ascariasis were revealed. analysis of 232 cases with echinococcosis demonstrates that the infection is prevalent over the whole chuko ... | 1996 | 8700016 |
| countermeasures for radiocesium in animal products in norway after the chernobyl accident--techniques, effectiveness, and costs. | nine years after the reactor accident in chernobyl contamination by radiocesium is still a significant problem in sheep and reindeer production in norway. to reduce the impact of the accident, effective countermeasures had to be developed and implemented. the levels of radiocesium in meat were reduced by a combination of countermeasures such as special feeding, use of cesium binders (bentonite and prussian blue), and changing of slaughtering time. the countermeasures were labor intensive and exp ... | 1996 | 8690577 |
| localization of the telomeric (ttaggg)n sequences in chromosomes of some domestic animals by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was carried out on metaphase preparations of a variety of domestic animal species, viz. pigs, cattle, sheep, river buffaloes, swamp buffaloes, horses, and reindeers, using a pcr generated human telomere repeat probe (ttaggg)n. three protocols with different hybridization/washing stringencies were applied. distinct double spots representing the telomeric sites were observed on either ends of the chromosomes in all the species studied, confirming that on ... | 1995 | 8675441 |
| the effect of blood sampling on plasma cortisol in female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l). | 1995 | 8669387 | |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: a simple method for species identification in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was applied to meat species identification in marinated and heat-treated or fermented products and to the differentiation of closely related species. dna was isolated from meat samples by using a dna-binding resin and was subjected to pcr analysis. primers used were complementary to conserved areas of the vertebrate mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene and yielded a 359 base-pair (bp) fragment, including a variable 307 bp region. restriction endonu ... | 1995 | 8664595 |
| application of a competitive elisa for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in llamas and wild ruminants. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), using a group-specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus (btv), was applied to detect anti-btv antibodies in serum samples from two llamas (llama glama) experimentally infected with btv serotype 10. antibodies were detected in both llamas by 1 wk or 2 wk post-infection. antibodies to btv increased exponentially during the first 4 wk in both llamas and stabilized at an elevated level during the remaining 5-wk-period of the expe ... | 1995 | 8592352 |
| the morphology and pathology of besnoitia sp. in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | four of five reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) obtained from a besnoitia sp.- infected herd at the assiniboine park zoo in winnipeg, manitoba, canada, in october 1989, had evidence of mild dermatitis over the articular surfaces of carpal and tarsal joints. cysts of besnoitia sp., either surrounded by inflammatory reactions or without evident host response, were present within the dermis, submucosa of the nasal turbinates, periosteum, tendons, testes and hooves. the light microscopic and hist ... | 1995 | 8592351 |
| ultrastructure of the liver of reindeer calves under different nutritional conditions. | a total of 12 reindeer calves were divided into two groups and the volume densities of liver cytoplasmic structures were counted using tem. the six animals in group 1 were allowed to graze freely while those in group 2 were kept in pens and fed with lichens. all of them had a negative energy balance and lost weight from november to april, group 1 by 14.9% and group 2 by 24.8%. in spite of the weight losses, no significant changes in volume densities occurred during the winter. glycogen remained ... | 1995 | 8588712 |
| [brucellosis in siberia and the far east]. | epidemiological analysis has indicated that rat and reindeer brucellosis foci are of definite value in siberia and the far east in the liquidation of brucellosis ones. foci of cattle and reindeer have been first established, evidence has been provided for the epidemiological significance of fifth-biological variant b. ovis and b. suis, as well as the ecological confinement of peculiar b. rangiferi cultures to the brucellosis foci in the arctic. to plan antibrucellosis efforts, it is necessary to ... | 1995 | 8587518 |
| [clinical findings and diagnosis of a severs parapoxvirus epidemic in finnish reindeer]. | during the winter of 1992/93 a parapox epidemic in reindeer occurred in the southern and central areas of finland which killed 400 animals and 2750 animals showed clinical symptoms. at least ten cases of human infections and disease were reported. in addition to the uncertain epidemiology, the diagnosis using conventional methods was difficult and time consuming. based upon published sequence data of the parapoxvirus (ppv) ovis prototype strain nz-2, two different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 1995 | 8585082 |
| genetic variation in domestic reindeer and wild caribou in alaska. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were introduced into alaska 100 years ago and have been maintained as semidomestic livestock. they have had contact with wild caribou (r.t.granti) herds, including deliberate crossbreeding and mixing in the wild. reindeer have considerable potential as a domestic animal for meat or velvet antler production, and wild caribou are important to subsistence and sport hunters. our objective was to quantify the genetic relationships of reindeer and caribou in alask ... | 1995 | 8572366 |
| plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol, lh and 15-ketodihydro-pgf2 alpha in norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during their first reproductive season. | blood samples were collected from eleven 1.5 year old female reindeer three times a week from september 1992 until february 1993 and daily in october and november 1992. blood samples were collected every third hour for a period of three weeks from two females that showed regular oestrous cycles. plasma progesterone, oestradiol, lh and 15-ketodihydro-pgf2 alpha were analysed to characterize variations in ovarian function. reindeer are seasonally polyoestrous. average duration of oestrous cycles w ... | 1995 | 8568776 |
| distribution of 210pb at endosteal surfaces of bone from canadian arctic caribou. | alpha particle energy spectra were measured at femoral endosteal surfaces of canadian arctic caribou (rangifer tarandus) to assess the profile of concentration with depth of 210po supported by 210pb. femur samples from five caribou all showed a pronounced superficial concentration of 210po, in a layer 1.9 - 6.4 microns thick. within this layer 210po was concentrated 1.5 - 10 times with respect to diffuse volume-distributed 210po. this result is consistent with an earlier study of 210po at human ... | 1995 | 8551108 |
| an sem study of the morphology of the lower respiratory-tract surface of the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | the morphological features of the surface of the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchus, bronchiolus, distal airways, and alveoli) from 10 reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.), differing in age and sex, were studied using scanning-electron microscopy. the respiratory surface of the reindeer generally resembles that reported previously in similar studies for other mammalian species. ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells, microvillous cells, clara cells, alveolar epithelial cells of type ... | 1995 | 8546323 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |
| [microstructure of fossil mammalian bones from the rixdorfer horizon of weichsel-kaltzeit at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen (brandengurg)]. | the structure is reported of bones of glacial-period mammals, which were found in 1973 to 1989 in gravel-sandy soil of the fossiliferous layer "rixdorfer horizont" at niederlehme near königs wusterhausen. the findings, probably, date from one of the interstages of the glacial period "weichsel-kaltzeit" before the stage "brandenburger stadium". their embedding took place more than 20,000 years ago. changes of the deposit of bones and teeth from older sediments are not to exclude in the finding pl ... | 1993 | 8489038 |
| [the content of hemoglobin in the blood and the abundant and trace elements in blood plasma and erythrocytes of sheep, fallow deer, dwarf goats and reindeer]. | of the 4 species, the blood of fallow deer had the highest concentration of hb (10.9 +/- 0.7) and that of pygmy goats (6.5 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) the lowest. the highest concentration of protein in the plasma was found in the reindeer (81.2 +/- 2.1) and the lowest in the pygmy goats (59.1 +/- 4.3 g/l). high values of ascorbic acid were recorded in the reindeer (16.4 +/- 2.4) and in the finnish sheep (16.3 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml). there existed some differences in the concentrations of na, k, ca, mg, pa, ... | 1993 | 8488500 |
| interstitial localization of telomeric dna sequences in the indian muntjac chromosomes: further evidence for tandem chromosome fusions in the karyotypic evolution of the asian muntjacs. | the indian muntjac is believed to have the lowest chromosome number in mammals (2n = 6 in females and 2n = 7 in males). it has been suggested that a series of tandem chromosome fusions from an ancestral chinese muntjac-like species (2n = 46) may have occurred during the karyotypic evolution of the indian muntjac. in an earlier study, hybridization signals generated by the chinese muntjac centromeric heterochromatin dna probe (c5) were found to be distributed interstitially in the chromosomes of ... | 1993 | 8485991 |
| selective brain cooling in resting and exercising norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the threshold body core temperature for selective brain cooling (sbc) as well as the slope of brain cooling were determined in three norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during rest and during exercise. brain temperature was measured in the hypothalamus (thypo) and blood temperature (tblood) was measured either in the right carotid artery or in a few cases in the right atrium of the heart. during rest the animals were subjected to ramp-like increases of tblood by means of a thermostat ... | 1993 | 8475756 |
| [the antigenic properties of the larvae of oedemagena tarandi (hypodermatidae)]. | 1993 | 8474766 | |
| an investigation of the allergenic constituents of cladonia stellaris (opiz) pous & vezda ('silver moss', 'reindeer moss' or 'reindeer lichen'). | the sensitizing potency of cladonia stellaris ('reindeer lichen', 'silver moss') extracts was determined in guinea pigs by a modified fca (freund's complete adjuvant) test. the lichen showed a moderate sensitizing potency. similar investigations with pure common lichen constituents revealed a moderate sensitizing potency for fumarprotocetraric acid and atranorin and a weak one for evernic acid, stictic acid and both forms of usnic acid. although generally weak, (-)-usnic acid was at least 2 x st ... | 1993 | 8458221 |
| seasonal changes in the adherent microflora of the rumen in high-arctic svalbard reindeer. | seasonal changes in bacterial colonization of the epithelial tissue were examined in the rumen of high-arctic svalbard reindeer. samples of tissue were collected from eight sites in the rumen of reindeer during summer and winter and bacterial colonization was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. at two of these sites, colonization by adherent bacteria was estimated to cover approximately 30% of the ruminal epithelium in specimens collected from reindeer during summer. ba ... | 1993 | 8439866 |
| migration of adult elaphostrongylus rangiferi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) from the spinal subdural space to the muscles of reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | to trace the intrahost migration of adult (fifth-stage) elaphostrongylus rangiferi 9 reindeer calves were fed infective larvae and examined for worms 48-250 days postinfection. the average length of worms recovered increased asymptotically with time. gravid females and adult males were recovered from 52 days postinfection (d.p.i.), and the fraction made up by these categories increased with time. immature females and subadult males were recovered as late as 161 d.p.i. nematodes were recovered fr ... | 1993 | 8410545 |
| subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy, polyneuritis and ganglionitis in aged wild and exotic mammalians. | subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy was present in the intradural dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets of 19 aged individuals of the following wild and exotic mammalian species: woodrat, raccoon, mink, lynx, reindeer, red deer, musk ox, scimitar-horned oryx, arabian oryx, hybrid waterbuck, persian onager, przewalski's wild horse, malayan sun bear, asian elephant, east african river hippopotamus, vervet monkey and rhesus monkey. it was characterized by mild to severe multifocal ballooning of myelin ... | 1993 | 8408784 |
| transmission of brucellosis from reindeer to cattle. | sixteen reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) naturally infected with brucella suis biovar 4 were penned with 6 male and 2 female cattle for 30 days, then removed and euthanatized. during this period, 5 reindeer had fawns, and 2 reindeer aborted. brucella suis biovar 4 was recovered from all adult reindeer at necropsy. nine reindeer had b suis biovar 4 in uterus, udder, and/or milk. the cattle were euthanatized 2 months after the reindeer were removed. clinical or pathologic signs of disease wer ... | 1993 | 8407493 |
| cholangioma in a svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | 1993 | 8386868 | |
| reindeer roasts and revolutionaries. | 1993 | 8339043 | |
| risk of frostbite in vibration-induced white finger cases. | the rate of frostbite was examined with questionnaires filled by 1095 reindeer herders frequently exposed to cold, in particular in driving snowmobiles in the winter. altogether 443 frostbite injuries, most (72%) of them on the face, had occurred during the last two years, especially when driving a snowmobile. the prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (vwf) was 22%. in this vwf group (n = 243) the cumulative incidence rate in two years of frostbite injuries on the extremities was 27% and ... | 1993 | 8318122 |
| histochemistry of the forestomach epithelium of the reindeer calf. | samples from the rumen, reticulum and omasum of 26 reindeer calves were taken during the winter season. non-specific alkaline and acid phosphatases, cytochrome and amine oxidases as well as succinate, lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases were demonstrated in the epithelium histochemically. the phosphatases were usually present in all the epithelial layers, whereas the activities of the other enzymes decreased in the outer layers and could not be demonstrated in the stratum corneum. the a ... | 1993 | 8279231 |
| description of ostertagia ostertagi and ostertagia leptospicularis hybrids in experimentally infected sheep. | hybrids of ostertagia ostertagi and ostertagia leptospicularis, derived from experimental infections in sheep, are described. morphometrics of the hybrids were intermediate between those of parental lines for a large range of parameters (distance from apex to cervical papillae and length of esophagus for males and females, length of spicules for males, and length of vestibule, distance from vulva to the end of tail, width of tail at anus). the morphological relationship between hybrids and their ... | 1993 | 8277380 |
| in vitro maturation of oocytes from norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | 1993 | 8266900 | |
| rabies antibody titres in vaccinated reindeer. | one dose of inactivated, adjuvanted rabies vaccine of cell culture origin (rabisin) induced good but short-duration immunity in close to 100% of the 50 semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) vaccinated. most of the animals (44) had rabies virus antibody titre > or = 1.5 iu/ml at 38 days after vaccination. five animals had titre 0.5 iu. antibody titres were not, however, present 1 year after primary vaccination in most animals. about 1 year (360-413 days) after primary vaccina ... | 1993 | 8266898 |
| naturally occurring brucella suis biovar 4 infection in a moose (alces alces). | a debilitated adult female moose (alces alces) shot east of the mackenzie river, northwest territories, canada, had large fluctuant masses over both carpi. only the forelimbs were available for examination. carpal pathology included bilateral bursitis and osteomyelitis of subjacent bone. in addition severe osteomyelitis with fractures was observed in the left lateral and right medial digits. brucella suis biovar 4 was isolated from the right medial first phalanx. this is believed to be the first ... | 1993 | 8258861 |
| functional, spectroscopic and structural properties of haemoglobin from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and steinbock (capra hircus ibex). | the functional and spectroscopic properties of chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and steinbock (capra hircus ibex) haemoglobin (hb) have been studied with special reference to the action of allosteric effectors and temperature. moreover, the amino acid sequences of the n-terminal segments of the alpha- and beta-chains have been determined. the present results indicate that chamois and steinbock hbs display a low affinity for o2, which appears to be modulated in vivo by cl- ions rather than 2,3-bisph ... | 1993 | 8257425 |
| chemical methods for reduction of the transfer of radionuclides to farm animals in semi-natural environments. | the same chemicals can be used for reduction of radionuclide transfer to animals whether kept on farms or grazing in semi-natural and natural habitats. however, different techniques are required for administration of the active compounds. dairy ruminants may be treated effectively by inclusion of chemicals in supplemental concentrates. practical experience gained after the chernobyl accident has shown that both clay minerals and hexacyanoferrates are effective in preventing high radiocaesium lev ... | 1993 | 8248770 |
| biospheric 129i concentrations in the pre-nuclear and nuclear age. | in order to detect characteristic regional differences or temporal changes of 129i concentrations in the biosphere, thyroids from humans, grazing livestock, and herbivorous wildlife species (reindeer and roedeer) were collected in various areas of the world which are not affected by reprocessing plants. for reasons of comparison, all samples were analyzed for their 129i:127i atom ratios. human and bovine thyroids taken from the 10th region in southern chile (39 degrees-41 degrees south) indicate ... | 1993 | 8244695 |
| partially purified reindeer (rangifer tarandus) bone morphogenetic protein has a high bone-forming activity compared with some other artiodactyls. | noncollagenous proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein (bmp), were extracted in 4 mol/l guanidinium hydrochloride (guhcl) from the pulverized and hcl-demineralized matrix of reindeer, bovine, sheep and porcine bone. to remove water-soluble material, the guhcl solution was dialyzed against water and water-insoluble material and redissolved in 4 mol/l guhcl. gelatin peptides were removed by extraction in 0.25 mol/l citrate buffer (ph 3.1). the yield consisted mostly of large complexes and p ... | 1993 | 8242946 |
| a comparison of topical, subcutaneous and oral administrations of ivermectin to reindeer. | the topical administration of ivermectin to adult reindeer hinds was evaluated by comparing its antiparasitic efficacy at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg bodyweight with that of oral administration at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg and subcutaneous administration at dosages of 20 and 200 micrograms/kg. the comparison included faecal examinations for nematode eggs and larvae and the counting of warbles and throat bots (oedemagena tarandi and cephenomyia trompe larvae). weight changes and calf birth weig ... | 1993 | 8236666 |
| radiocesium in swedish reindeer after the chernobyl fallout: seasonal variations and long-term decline. | data about 137cs activity concentrations in reindeer muscle were collected from different parts of sweden during 1986-1992. the data were used to evaluate seasonal and geographical variations and long-term decline of 137cs in reindeer. the seasonal variation is shown in an example from one of the most contaminated areas, the saami community vilhelmina norra, where 137cs activity concentrations in reindeer during winter exceed those found during summer by about 20 times. activity concentrations o ... | 1994 | 8175357 |
| [seasonal changes in the lipid composition of the bile in evens and evenki]. | altogether 156 evenks and 162 evens were examined in the reindeer regions of evenkia and the yakut republic located in the extreme north of russia. seasonal changes in the concentration and ratio of bile lipids were discovered. the conclusion is made that space and time coordinates are of importance for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases in northern nations. | 1994 | 8160142 |
| high yield of osteoinductivity can be derived from demineralized bone matrix using collagenase digestion. | a bone morphogenetic protein purification method for minor quantities of bone material was developed based on collagenase splitting of bone connective tissue. our aim was to remove and characterize the osteoinductive protein preparation in native form without using strongly dissociative agents. we started from 80 g of hcl-demineralized reindeer bone material which was treated with type i collagen splitting collagenase. the solution was dialyzed against 10 mm glycine-hcl buffer, ph 5.2. the forme ... | 1993 | 8154834 |
| liver histology of reindeer calves during the winter season. | seventeen reindeer calves were divided into three groups and liver biopsies were taken during the winter. group 1 consisted of 6 animals allowed to graze freely under natural conditions, those in groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 6) were kept in pens and fed with lichens, the diet being designed to achieve a slight (group 2) or moderate (group 3) weight loss. weight losses from november to april averaged 14.9%, 13.2% and 24.8% in the three groups respectively. the relative volumes of the different str ... | 1993 | 8129165 |
| perinatal mortality in caribou from the porcupine herd, alaska. | during the 1989 caribou (rangifer tarandus) calving season on the arctic national wildlife refuge, alaska (usa), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the hulahula and aichilik rivers. primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermi ... | 1993 | 8098070 |
| aspects of nitrogen and mineral nutrition in icelandic reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | nitrogen and mineral (fe, mg, na, k, and ca) compositions of foodstuffs consumed by and dung produced by male, pregnant and lactating female adult icelandic reindeer and calves were determined during may of 1992. iron levels in foodstuffs are consistently above the reported toxicity level for similar-sized sheep (0.5 ppt) and may lead to iron toxicity when consumed by reindeer during periods of high lean body mass catabolism. male and female reindeer meet nutrient requirements for all measured e ... | 1994 | 8076454 |
| annual variations in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones and in their responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the reindeer. | the reindeer in its natural habitat is subject to great annual variations in ambient temperature, illumination and nutrition. to ascertain the effect of these environmental factors on thyroid function, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroxine (t4), tri-iodothyronine (t3) and reverse t3 (rt3) concentrations were measured four times a year (2 june, 8 october, 21 november, and 24 february) in 14 animals housed outdoors at latitude 69 degrees 10'n. they all showed statistically significant ... | 1994 | 8071651 |
| role of gonadal hormones in the regulation of the seasonal antler cycle in female reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | the hormonal control of the seasonal antler cycle was investigated over 4 years in four adult female norwegian reindeer, rangifer tarandus, maintained in captivity at tromsø, norway (69 degrees n). the antlers were fully redeveloped in august, cleaned of velvet in september, and were retained in hard antler throughout the winter before being cast in march or april. the cleaning of the antlers occurred at the seasonal onset of ovarian activity and was associated with an increase in the blood plas ... | 1994 | 8064671 |
| season and mental illness in an arctic area of northern finland. | the seasonal variation in mental disturbances was examined in 1251 reindeer herding males in an arctic area of northern finland using the psychiatric section of the cornell medical index questionnaire (cmi-mr). the mean age of subjects was 43 years. one third of them were full-time reindeer herders and 1/10 were lapps. the prevalence of mental disorders (cmi-mr at least 5) was estimated at 14%, and it showed peaks in spring and autumn. the pattern was repeated for different varieties of illness, ... | 1994 | 8053366 |
| [the composition of the red blood and iron metabolism in the native population of the republic of sakha]. | a field study in the sakha republic has been performed to characterize iron deficiency conditions in native population. yakuts and evens were examined for clinical, physiological, biochemical picture of the red blood cells and iron metabolism. european standards by total and fetal hemoglobin, reticulocytes, plasma iron metabolism in the native population were surpassed. the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia proved higher than in russia and other northern regions. reindeer breeders got iro ... | 1993 | 8020728 |
| exercise-induced changes in blood composition of racing reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | the responses to near-maximal exercise before and after the training and racing season were examined in reindeer. the reindeer were tested when pulling a driver at a speed of 11-12 m/s for 600 m. the lactate responses were higher before than after training. similarly, the accumulation of uric acid, a breakdown product of atp, became attenuated after training. the serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids decreased or did not change after exercise, although an increase in the glycerol con ... | 1994 | 7977847 |
| the genomes of the animal papillomaviruses european elk papillomavirus, deer papillomavirus, and reindeer papillomavirus contain a novel transforming gene (e9) near the early polyadenylation site. | we report that the genomes of reindeer papillomavirus (rpv), european elk papillomavirus (eepv), and deer papillomavirus (dpv) contain a short conserved translational open reading frame (orf), e9, which is located between the e5 orf and the early polyadenylation site. in rpv, dpv, and eepv, e9 orfs have the potential to encode extremely hydrophobic polypeptides of approximately 40 amino acids. in mouse c127 cells transformed by eepv and rpv, there exists a unique, abundant mrna species of approx ... | 1994 | 7966628 |
| stereopsis testing without polarized glasses: a comparison study on five new stereoacuity tests. | stereopsis testing is commonly used to assess the presence and level of binocular vision. a new series of stereopsis tests requiring no polarized goggles are available in the form of the titmus stereo test, the stereo reindeer test, the random dot butterfly, the random dot figures, and the random e, circle, square. these polarized-free tests employ a special prismatic printing process creating a panagraphic presentation, i.e., a separate image is presented to each eye without the need for polari ... | 1994 | 7963223 |
| protostrongylidae in cervidae and ovibos moscatus: a clustering based on isoelectric focusing on nematode body proteins. | isoelectric focusing for protein separation and evaluation by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (upgma) clustering was tested as an alternative to a morphological approach to taxonomical studies of the family protostrongylidae and the genus elaphostrongylus. these analyses revealed a close relationship among first stage protostrongylid larvae from roe deer, muskoxen and varestrongylus alces first stage larvae. furthermore, first stage larvae collected from moose faeces and ad ... | 1994 | 7951396 |
| notes on sugar feeding and selected wild mammalian hosts of black flies (diptera: simuliidae) in newfoundland. | this study, done on the avalon peninsula, newfoundland, identified selected wild mammalian hosts and quantified the incidence of sugar feeding for several species (species complexes) of black flies. female flies were taken from fox, snowshoe hare, lynx, caribou, and human baits. simulium truncatum/venustum complex females took blood from fox, lynx, rabbit, and caribou and were frequently taken in sweep net collections around humans. blood-fed females of the simulium rostratum/verecundum complex ... | 1994 | 7932603 |
| a tandemly repetitive, centromeric dna sequence from the canadian woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou): its conservation and evolution in several deer species. | a highly repetitive dna clone, designated rt-pst3, was isolated from the psti digest of canadian woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou; 2n = 70) genomic dna. it was found to be a 991 bp monomer of a tandemly repeated dna sequence comprising about 5.7% of the genome and localized to the centromeric regions of all caribou acrocentric autosomes. southern blot analyses revealed that this caribou satellite dna sequence was well conserved in the genomes of five other deer species studied. in sit ... | 1994 | 7921645 |
| in vitro isolation and cultivation of a babesia from an american woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou). | a babesia species isolated from a captive caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) with clinical signs of babesiosis and a circulating parasitemia was cultured in vitro. normal adult caribou erythrocytes supported the growth of the babesia sp., as did erythrocytes from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). two basal media (m-199 and rpmi-1640) and a defined medium (hl-1) each supplemented with adult bovine serum were compared. the most favorable growth of the parasite occurred in hl-1 medium wi ... | 1994 | 7913142 |
| cadmium in caribou and muskoxen from the canadian yukon and northwest territories. | cadmium, zinc, copper and metallothionein concentrations were measured in liver and kidney tissue of caribou and muskoxen collected from various sites in the canadian yukon and northwest territories. cadmium concentrations in caribou tissues were substantially higher than in muskoxen for all age classes and were comparable to concentrations reported for caribou from northern québec and norway. no geographical site differences in cadmium concentration were observed. cadmium concentrations were po ... | 1994 | 7911600 |
| dosimetry of 210po in humans, caribou, and wolves in northern canada. | effective doses from 210po intake with caribou meat were determined for human residents in baker lake and snowdrift in the northwest territories of canada and compared to doses calculated from reported 210po tissue activities in alaskan and british residents (hill 1966; blanchard and moore 1971). effective doses were calculated to separate body tissues, using icrp 60 human weighting factors and the icrp 30 metabolic model for 210po. baker lake and alaskan effective doses were similar at 0.4 msv ... | 1994 | 7910158 |
| transfer of 210po and 210pb through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain of northern canada. | natural background activity and food chain transfer of the uranium decay products, 210po and 210pb, were examined in the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain at two locations in the northwest territories of canada. 210po and 210pb activities in lichens differed with species and location. both 210po and 210pb were markedly higher in caribou bone than in wolf bone. 210po activities in liver, kidney, and muscle were similar in both species. caribou fetuses had lower activities of 210po but higher activit ... | 1994 | 7910157 |
| association of blood cadmium to the area of residence and hypertensive disease in arctic finland. | the association of cadmium exposure with area of residence, blood pressure, and arterial hypertensive disease was examined in 230 reindeer herders in northernmost arctic finland. blood cadmium concentration averaged 10.0 nmol/l, and was three times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (16.7 vs. 5.5 nmol/l). concentrations increased from the southwestern to the northeastern area west of the kola peninsula, russia, both in nonsmokers (3.1 vs. 6.8 nmol/l) and smokers (10.8 vs. 32.0 nmol/l). high ca ... | 1995 | 7892586 |
| environmental contaminants in caribou in the northwest territories, canada. | caribou (rangifer tarandus) are strict herbivores with a winter diet consisting primarily of lichen. this simple food chain makes caribou a good species for monitoring changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination. the defined ranges of herds across the northwest territories (nwt) also enables examination of spatial trends in contaminant exposure. caribou were collected from five locations in the first half of a study designed to examine levels of a broad spectrum of organochlorine, heav ... | 1995 | 7892575 |
| morphologic observations in iron overload: an update. | 1994 | 7887230 | |
| experimental studies of elaphostrongylus rangiferi in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): life cycle, pathogenesis, and pathology. | a total of 12 reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were given 200-1,000 infective larvae of elaphostrongylus rangiferi and autopsied 2 1/2-196 days post inoculation (p.i.). the larvae penetrated venules of the abomasal wall and followed the bloodstream via the liver to the lungs. in the lungs the larvae entered pulmonary venules and spread to all tissues via the general circulation. many larvae that lodged in arterial vessels outside the spinal cord migrated into the cord along the spina ... | 1994 | 7839758 |
| rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on primers from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goats. the pcr assay was able to detect virus in nasal swabs up to 14 days after experimental infection of cattle and there was a good ... | 1994 | 7839585 |
| high serum alpha-tocopherol, albumin, selenium and cholesterol, and low mortality from coronary heart disease in northern finland. | the mortality from coronary heart disease (chd) is exceptionally low in northernmost finland, the sámi (formerly known as lapp) area. to clarify the reasons for this, the levels of serum cholesterol, other classic risk factors, and major antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, albumin and selenium were determined in males living in the low-mortality area and in a reference area. | 1995 | 7830030 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| heavy metals in muscle, liver, and kidney from finnish reindeer in 1990-91 and 1991-92. | 1995 | 7756779 | |
| an outbreak of diarrhea due to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in the canadian northwest territories. | in the summer of 1991 a large outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated diarrhea occurred in 6 inuit communities in the canadian northwest territories. the total population of these communities is 5,292. of the 521 individuals who developed diarrhea, 152 (29%) were positive for e. coli o157:h7 on stool culture or positive by verotoxin analysis. median age was 6 years. the attack rate for children < 1 year was 43% in the major affected community of arviat. hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) de ... | 1994 | 7747090 |
| [the first orf virus epidemic diagnosed in man and reindeer in 1992-1993 in finland]. | 1993 | 7743951 | |
| ergonomic aspects on snowmobile driving. | from self-reported health surveys in finland, sweden and norway we know that the reindeer herders have work related disorders. it is very likely that disorders such as lumbar back pain, neck and arm pain, knee pain and white finger syndrome are related to snowmobile driving. our hypothesis was that driving postures, vibrations, impact from the driving surface and handling are the main reasons for the health problems, and that snowmobiles are not designed according to ergonomic principles. our wo ... | 1994 | 7710592 |
| snowmobile driving and symptoms of the locomotive organs. | the role of snowmobile driving as a factor in symptoms of the locomotive organs was examined in 1,793 reindeer herding men using a postal questionnaire. thirty-eight % of the respondents reported troubles in the upper limbs and shoulders which according to their own judgement were caused by snowmobile driving, and 34% reported such symptoms in the knees and 42% in the back. aching, pain or tenderness upon movement in at least one joint during the current year, inquired by independent questions, ... | 1994 | 7710591 |