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[influence of 175-m-impoundment in three gorges reservoir area on the food web energy sources of main commercial fishes in backwater area of xiaojiang river].the impoundment in the three gorges reservoir area (tgra) was first reached 175 m in 2010. to approach the influence of this impoundment on the food web energy sources of fishes in the tributaries of trga, an analysis was made on the food web energy sources of seven economically important fishes (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, silurus asotus, culter mongolicus mongolicus, mystus macropterus, pelteobagrus vachelli, and pelteobagrus nitidus) in the backwater area of xiaojiang river by using s ...201324066562
expression of immune system-related genes during ontogeny in experimentally wounded common carp (cyprinus carpio) larvae and juveniles.we investigated the effect of full-thickness incisional wounding on expression of genes related to the immune system in larvae and juveniles of common carp (cyprinus carpio). the wounds were inflicted by needle puncture immediately below the anterior part of the dorsal fin on days 7, 14, 28 and 49 after fertilization. we followed the local gene expression 1, 3 and 7 days after wounding by removing head and viscera before extracting rna from the remaining part of the fish, including the wound are ...201424064235
isolation, characterisation and cdna sequencing of a new form of parvalbumin from carp semen.parvalbumins (pv) are calcium-binding proteins present mainly in the muscle and nervous system where they act as a ca(2+) buffer. our previous work demonstrated the presence of pv-i in carp semen and indicated the presence of a second pv (pv-ii). the purpose of the present work was to identify, purify and determine the full-length cdna sequence of pv-ii from carp testis. pv-ii from seminal plasma was purified by ion-exchange chromatography (iec) and preparative electrophoresis, while the pv-ii f ...201424064209
multibiomarker responses upon exposure to tetrabromobisphenol a in the freshwater fish carassius auratus.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a widely used brominated flame retardant. it has been released into aquatic environments, where it is toxic to aquatic organisms. in the present study, five enzymes, glutathione-s-transferase (gst), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt), and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (gr) in serum and liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus) were selected for screening. these enzymes may be suitab ...201324055989
heavy metal and trace element bioaccumulation in target tissues of four edible fish species from the danube river (serbia).pikeperch (sander lucioperca), european catfish (silurus glanis), burbot (lota lota), and common carp (cyprinus carpio) were collected from the danube river (belgrade section, serbia), and samples of liver, muscle, and gills were analyzed for al, as, b, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, li, mn, mo, ni, pb, se, sr, and zn using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (icp-oes) to highlight the importance of species and tissue selection in monitoring research, contaminant studies, and h ...201324054751
evaluation of direct analysis in real time ionization-mass spectrometry (dart-ms) in fish metabolomics aimed to assess the response to dietary supplementation.ambient mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time (dart) ion source coupled to a medium high-resolution/accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (tofms) was used as a rapid tool for metabolomic fingerprinting to study the effects of supplemental feeding with cereals (triticale) on the composition of muscle metabolites of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). first, the sample extraction and dart-tofms instrumental conditions were optimized to obtain the broadest possible repre ...201324054590
effects of subchronic exposure to phosalone on oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in common carp (cyprinus carpio, l., 1758).in this study, possible oxidative stress, biomarkers, and histopathological alterations were investigated in common carp (cyprinus carpio, l., 1758) that were exposed to various phosalone concentrations in vivo. fish were exposed to 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/l phosalone concentrations in a semistatic regime for 14 d. biomarkers, including na(+), k(+)-atpase, reduced glutathione (gsh), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars), and histopathological changes, were determined in gills, liver, and ...201324053362
species- and chamber-specific responses of 12 kda fk506-binding protein to temperature in fish heart.the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ca(2+) release channel or ryanodine receptor (ryr) of the vertebrate heart is regulated by the fk506-binding proteins, fkbp12 and fkbp12.6. this study examines whether temperature-related changes in the sr function of fish hearts are associated with changes in fkbp12 expression. for this purpose, a polyclonal antibody against trout fkbp12 was used to compare fkpb12 expression in cold-acclimated (4 °c, ca) and warm-acclimated (18 °c, wa) rainbow trout (oncorhynchus ...201424048915
assessment of global proteome dynamics in carp: a model for investigating environmental stress.fish have to respond to a range of natural and man-made environmental stressors, which can lead to molecular changes within their tissues. many studies focused on environmental stress in fish have examined the change in protein abundance or mrna level. however, it is well-known that there is a disconnect between mrna and protein expression. in order to bridge this gap, protein turnover must also be considered. we have developed an experimental strategy to determine the synthesis rates of individ ...201324047415
a comparative study of coi and 16 s rrna genes for dna barcoding of cultivable carps in india.the 5' region of the mitochondrial dna gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) is the standard marker for dna barcoding. however, 16 s rrna has also been advocated for dna barcoding in many animal species. herein, we directly compare the usefulness of coi and 16 s rrna in discriminating six cultivable carp species: labeo rohita, catla catla, cirrhinus mrigala, labeo fimbriatus, labeo bata and cirrhinus reba from india. analysis of partial sequences of these two gene fragments from 171 individu ...201524047160
production of monoclonal antibody against orf72 of koi herpesvirus isolated in taiwan.a monoclonal antibody (mab) was generated against the capsid protein (orf 72) of koi herpesvirus (khv) isolated from diseased koi cyprinus carpio in taiwan. the clone of mab-b2 was obtained by immunizing mice with whole virus particles and further identified using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot assay. in addition, it detected khv in khv-infected cells but not in those of mock-infected cells as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence assay. the neutralization test ...201424046233
antioxidant status of serum, muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas for fish fed graded levels of biotin.lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant activities of muscle, intestine, hepatopancreas and serum in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) were investigated after feeding graded levels of biotin (0.010, 0.028, 0.054, 0.151, 0.330, 1.540 and 2.680 mg kg(-1) diet) for 63 days. both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in all studied tissues and serum were the lowest in fish fed diets containing 0.151-0.330 mg biotin kg(-1) diet and then increased in fish fed the diet ...201424045863
the effect of oyster mushroom β-1.3/1.6-d-glucan and oxytetracycline antibiotic on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of micronized β-1.3/1.6-d-glucan (bg) derived from the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus hiratake and tetracycline antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc) on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in tissues of one- to two-year-old common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the fish tested were divided into five experimental groups and one control. carp in the control group were fed commercial carp feed ...201324041844
voluntary timing of food intake increases weight gain and reduces basal plasma cortisol levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).we investigated the effect of timing of food intake on growth in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). juvenile carp were demand-fed for 22 days using a computerized pendulum feeder that registered meal requests. controls were pair-fed at 10:00 h, both groups were kept at 12l:12d (lights on at 06:30 h). demand-fed fish displayed highest food intake at 22:00 h, and the lowest at 10:00. after 22 days, demand-fed fish had grown by 20% of their initial body weight, compared to 4% of the pair-fed control ...201324041723
new vectors derives from puc 18 for clonig and thermal-induced expression in escherichia coli.we report the construction of two vectors for escherichia coli: puc72, for molecular cloning, and pplt7, for thermal-induced expression. the main feature of puc72 is a novel polylinker region that includes restriction sites for nde i and nco i which provide an atg codon for proper translation initiation of expressed genes. vector pplt7 is ideal for thermo-inducible expression in host cells that carry the ci857 repressor gene. the use of pplt7 was validated by the successful expression of the gen ...200924031424
a specific genomic organization and a novel promoter sequence for both zp2 and zp3 gene expressions in the pingxiang red transparent crucian carp, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.we cloned the full-length cdna of zp2 from carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (cap_zp2) and identified a cluster of three zp genes through its dna walker. these three genes, cap_zp3.1, cap_zp2 and cap_zp3.2 were located within a 10,855bp region and each comprised of eight exons spanning 1348bp, 1638bp and 1348bp, respectively. protein bands of egg membrane between 40 and 70kda were in concordance with the deduced amino acid of these three cap_zp genes cdna and with their molecular mass. this ...201324029638
morphological and phylogenetic analysis of echinocephalus carpiae n. sp. (nematoda: gnathostomatidae) infecting the common carp cyprinus carpio inhabiting burullus lake--a new host record in egypt.the present study described a new species of the genus echinocephalus that was isolated from the intestine of the common carp cyprinus carpio inhabiting burullus lake, kafr el-sheikh governorate, egypt. thirty-two out of 70 examined specimens (45.71 %) were found to be naturally infected. the adult male worms were elongated and measured 0.79-0.85 mm (0.81 ± 0.02) in length and 0.21-0.32 mm (0.28 ± 0.002) in width, while females reached 0.89-0.98 mm (0.9 ± 0.02) long and 0.25-0.38 mm (0.28 ± 0.00 ...201324008982
mercury concentrations in common carp (cyprinus carpio) in lake chapala, mexico: a lakewide survey.previous studies, based on limited data, found elevated levels of mercury in carp in lake chapala, mexico. the extent of mercury contamination in carp throughout the lake has not been determined. in order to obtain reliable information about total mercury concentration in carp (cyprinus carpio), 262 fish from 27 sites (approximately 10 fish per site) throughout the lake were analyzed. results were expressed as the mean and median of the results at each site. only one of the samples exceeded mexi ...201324007438
comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi (cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy.to identify pain-related behaviors and assess the effects of butorphanol tartrate and morphine sulfate in koi (cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy. design-prospective study.201324004238
compensatory responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: additional effects of feeding and exercise.ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. the toxic effects of ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and swimming. in this study, we wanted to examine these modulating effects in common carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (unfed for seven days prior to the sampling), and swimming at a sustainable, routine swimming speed or swum to exhaustion, while being exposed chronically (up to 28 days) ...201324001429
koi herpes virus: a review and risk assessment of indian aquaculture.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish for human consumption, while koi carp, is a farmed colored sub species of common carp used for ornamental purposes. since 1998, both common carp and koi carp are severely affected by a viral disease called as koi herpes virus disease (khvd). this disease is caused by koi herpes virus (khv), also known as cyprinid herpes virus-3. the virus causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis in carps, so it is also termed as carp int ...201223997436
effects of chlorpyrifos on the metabolome of the freshwater carp, cyprinus carpio.this study investigated the effects of waterborne chlorpyrifos with concentrations of 1 and 100 µg/l for l and h-groups, respectively, on metabolome profiles of carp plasma using (1)h-nmr. principal component analysis suggests that chlorpyrifos exposure firstly affected in l and h-groups on day 2 or 4, and followed a second effect in both exposure groups on day 14. levels of metabolites related to the energy production in the body, such as glucose, glycerol, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lactate, ...201523997021
selection and characterization of single-chain recombinant antibodies against spring viraemia of carp virus from mouse phage display library.antibody-displaying phage library was selected after three rounds of panning against spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) by phage display technology. eight positive clones which could produce soluble single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibody induced by isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) were obtained. dot blot results showed that the eight scfv antibodies could recognize svcv. the soluble scfv antibodies showed a molecular weight 29 kd by western blot. all scfv antibodies could ...201323994147
accumulation, histopathological effects and response of biochemical markers in the spleens and head kidneys of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.this study assessed the impacts of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf) and combined atr/cpf exposure on the immune organs of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 20-d recovery to measure the acid phosphatase (acp), alkaline phosphatase (alp), na(+)/k(+)-atpase, superoxide dismutase (sod) and malondialdehyde (mda) content. in addition, we also investigated histopathological changes and pesticide ...201323994085
establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of two cell lines derived from leopard wrasse macropharyngodon geoffroy.two new fish cell lines were established from skin (lwsk) and fin (lwfn) of leopard wrasse macropharyngodon geoffroy. these cells grew optimally at 25° c in leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum. proliferation of m. geoffroy cells remained serum dependent up to cell passage 16, and cell-plating efficiency ranged from 12 to 16%. karyotypic analysis of these new cell lines at cell passage 8 indicated that both cell lines remained diploid with a peak chromosomal count of 144 ...201323991874
biology and host response to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection in common carp.viruses from the family alloherpesviridae form an aquatic clade of herpesviruses infecting fish and amphibia. diseases caused by these herpesviruses are of increasing importance because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with the infection, and the difficulties in diagnosing latently infected carriers. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) induces a severe disease and mortality in common carp and thus greatly affects carp aquaculture and trade. this review summarises advancements in the un ...201423981329
effects of dietary selenium of organic form against lead toxicity on the antioxidant system in cyprinus carpio.in this study was evaluated potential protective effect of organic selenium (se) on heavy metal stress induced by lead (pb) in cyprinus carpio. for this reason, c. carpio was exposed to sublethal concentration of pb (1.5 mg/l pb(no3)2) for 14 days. the fish were fed a basal (control; measured 0.55 mg/kg se) diet or a basal diet supplemented with 2.50 mg/kg (measured 2.92 mg/kg se) organic se (sel-plex(®)) during the experiment period. the variations in glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathion ...201423974671
inhibition of the cardiac inward rectifier potassium currents by kb-r7943.kb-r7943 (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea) was developed as a specific inhibitor of the sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger (ncx) with potential experimental and therapeutic use. however, kb-r7943 is shown to be a potent blocker of several ion currents including inward and delayed rectifier k(+) currents of cardiomyocytes. to further characterize kb-r7943 as a blocker of the cardiac inward rectifiers we compared kb-r7943 sensitivity of the background inward rectifier (ik1) an ...201323973826
effect of dietary supplemented andrographolide on growth, non-specific immune parameters and resistance against aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton).the present study evaluated the effect of dietary andrographolide (ec 50%) on growth, non-specific immune parameters and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila infection in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with formulated diet containing andrographolide as t0 (0.00%), t1 (0.05%), t2 (0.10%), t3 (0.20%), t4 (0.40%) and t5 (0.80%) for 42 days. fishes were challenged with a. hydrophila 42 days post feeding and relative percentage survival (rps) was recorded over ...201323973382
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of multiple leptin genes in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).three leptin genes (jllep-a1, jllep-a2 and jllep-b) were cloned and characterized in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian), with a highly conserved organization encoded by two exons and one intron. jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 contained 93 and 102bp introns, respectively, encoding a 171-amino acid protein. jllep-b contained a 687bp intron encoding a 168-aa protein. jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 shared 82.5% identity, but only 29.2% and 28.6% with jllep-b, respectively. jllep-a1, jllep-a2, and jllep-b were expr ...201323959260
molecular cloning, immunohistochemical localization, characterization and expression analysis of caspase-9 from the purse red common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to cadmium.caspase-9, the essential initiator caspase is believed to play a central role in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling. in this study, we isolated the caspase-9 gene from common carp, one of the most important industrial aquatic animals in china using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the deduced amino acid sequence of caspase-9, composed of 436 amino acids, showed approximately 47.6% identity and 64.7% similarity to human caspase-9. it also possessed a conserved caspase-associated re ...201323958785
accessory molecules for toll-like receptors in teleost fish. identification of tlr4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats (tril).the biosynthesis and activation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) requires accessory proteins. in mammals, a number of accessory proteins have been characterized, that can be classified based on their function as ligand-recognition and delivery cofactors, chaperones and trafficking proteins. we identified the homologs in teleost fish genomes of mammalian accessory molecules and show their expression in transcriptome data sets. further, we annotate in detail tlr4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats ...201323958499
in vitro cultivation model for heterosporis saurida (microsporidia) isolated from lizardfish, saurida undosquamis (richardson).heterosporis saurida is a microsporidian that infects lizardfish, saurida undosquamis (richardson, 1848), in the arabian sea. spores were isolated from infected lizardfish and used to infect derived fish cell lines: common carp brain (ccb), epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (epc), fathead minnow epithelial (fhm), rainbow trout gonad (rtg), bluegill fry (bf-2) and chinook salmon embryo (chse). non-fish cell lines were also tested that include: insect (sf-9), rabbit (rk-13) and african green monkey ( ...201423957717
cadmium triggers kidney cell apoptosis of purse red common carp (cyprinus carpio) without caspase-8 activation.caspase-8, the essential initiator caspase, is believed to play a pivotal role in death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway. it also participates in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cleavage of proapoptotic bid in mammals. however, its role in fish remains elusive in cadmium-induced apoptotic pathway. in this study, we isolated the caspase-8 gene from common carp, one of the most important industrial aquatic animals in china using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the deduced amino aci ...201323954723
molecular characterization and expression analysis of three membrane-bound complement regulatory protein isoforms in the ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii.regulators of complement activation (rca) play a role in protecting cells from excessive complement activation in humans. cdna corresponding to three isoforms of teleost membrane-bound rca protein (gtecrem) have been identified in the ginbuna crucian carp. gtecrem-1 consists of seven short consensus repeats (scrs), whereas gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 have four scrs. while gtecrem-1 possesses a tyrosine phosphorylation site in its cytoplasmic region, gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 lack the site. tissue dist ...201323954695
mhc class iiα alleles associated with resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in purse red common carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus. 201423952645
beta-glucan feeding differentiated the regulation of mrna expression of claudin genes and prevented an intestinal inflammatory response post aeromonas hydrophila intubation in common carp, cyprinus carpio l. 201423944989
antiviral functions of cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells in teleost fish.cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) play a pivotal role in eliminating viruses in mammalian adaptive immune system. many recent studies on t-cell immunity of fish have suggested that teleost ctls are also important for antiviral immunity. cellular functional studies using clonal ginbuan crucian carp and rainbow trout have provided in vivo and in vitro evidence that in many respects, virus-specific ctls of fish have functions similar to those of mammalian ctls. in addition, mrna expression profiles of ctl-r ...201423938605
nod1 and nod2 receptors in mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala): inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections.nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod)1 and nod2 are important cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) and key members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. they sense a wide range of bacteria or their products and play a key role in inducing innate immunity. this report describes the role of nod1 and nod2 receptors signalling in innate immunity in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala). tissue-specific expression analysis of nod1 and nod2 genes by quantitative ...201323938386
mixed mycobacterial infection in an adult koi carp cyprinus carpio l. 201423937602
[functions of metallothioneins and a system of antioxidant defense under the effect of co- and zn-containing nanocomposites on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio)].the effect of metal-nanocomposites (me-nc) of cobalt and zinc (co- and zn-nc, correspondingly) synthecized on the basis of vinylpyrrolidone (ps) on the metal-accumulative proteins with antioxidant potential metallothioneins (mt) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was studied. fish was subjected to the effect of co-nc, zn-nc, co2+, zn2+ or polymer carrier (pc) in the concentrations correspondent to 50 microg x co/l or 100 microg x zn/l during 14 days. it was shown that the mts response i ...201523937048
[effect of glyphosate on the energy exchange in carp organs].the use of glyphosate as a herbicide in agriculture can lead to the presence of its residues and metabolites (aminomethylphosphonic acid) in food for human consumption and pose a threat to health. the effect of these herbicides on the fish organism at the biochemical level has been insufficiently studied. we studied changes in the content of adenine nucleotides, enzyme activity, quantitative indexes of energy metabolism substrates in carp under the action of glyphosate. it has been found that pr ...201523937045
toxic effects of malathion in carp, cyprinus carpio carpio: protective role of lycopene.the present study was carried out in order to investigate the potential protective effects of lycopene against malathion-induced toxicity in carp. the fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of malathion (0.5 and 1mgl(-1)) for 14 days, and lycopene (10mgkg(-1) of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. samples of the blood and tissue (liver, kidneys, and gills) were collected at the end of the experimental period and their haematological profiles [red blood cell (rbc) counts, haemogl ...201323932509
different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems highly influence sperm motility parameters.in this study, we examined different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems (crismas, hobson sperm tracker, and image j casa) on the exact same video recordings to evaluate the differences in sperm motility parameters related to the specific casa used. to cover a wide range of sperm motility parameters, we chose 12-second video recordings at 25 and 50 hz frame rates after sperm motility activation using three taxonomically distinct fish species (sterlet: acipenser ruthenus l.; common ca ...201323932168
characterization and expression analysis of common carp cyprinus carpio tlr5m.tlr5 is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. in this study, we cloned the tlr5m gene of common carp using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the tlr5m cdna was 3182 bp in length and contained a 2658-bp open reading frame, which encoded a protein of 885 amino acids (aa). the entire coding region of the tlr5m gene was successfully amplified from genomic dna and contained a single exon. the aa sequence of carp tlr5m showed the highest similarity (8 ...201323930591
threonine affects intestinal function, protein synthesis and gene expression of tor in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).this study aimed to investigate the effects of threonine (thr) on the digestive and absorptive ability, proliferation and differentiation of enterocytes, and gene expression of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). first, seven isonitrogenous diets containing graded levels of thr (7.4-25.2 g/kg diet) were fed to the fishes for 60 days. second, enterocyte proliferation and differentiation were assayed by culturing enterocytes with graded levels of thr (0-275 mg/l) in vitro. finally, ent ...201323922879
cortisol emphasizes the metabolic strategies employed by common carp, cyprinus carpio at different feeding and swimming regimes.the objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between feeding, exercise and cortisol on metabolic strategies of common carp over a 168h post-implant period. feeding provided readily available energy and clearly increased muscle and liver protein and glycogen stores. swimming, feeding and cortisol all induced aerobic metabolism by increasing oxygen consumption, and stimulated protein metabolism as demonstrated by the increased ammonia and urea excretion and ammonia quotient. hype ...201323921225
major distinctions in the antioxidant responses in liver and kidney of cd(2+)-treated common carp (cyprinus carpio).this study is related to the accumulation of cd(2+), its effects on oxidative stress biomarkers and its role in macromolecule damage in liver and kidney of common carp. we present evidence of an increased ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (gsh/gssg) in both organs after 10 mg/l cd(2+) exposure, with different underlying biological mechanisms and consequences. in the liver, the expressions and/or activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase ...201323919949
expression regulation of zebrafish interferon regulatory factor 9 by promoter analysis.we previously showed that a fish interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf9) homologue, crucian carp carassius auratus irf9, displays constitutively nuclear localization and involvement in fish ifn-dependent jak-stat signaling; however, little is known about the expression regulation of fish irf9. here, we characterized the expression of zebrafish irf9 by promoter analysis. zebrafish irf9 gene promoter contained several putative transcription factor binding sites, including one isre (ifn-stimula ...201323916490
[screening and body correlation analysis of microsatellite markers related to intermuscular bone number in common carp (cyprinus carpio)].in this study, 149 polymorphic markers were screened from 200 microsatellite markers. from a family of mirror carp, which included 107 individuals. all samples were analyzed for body correlation, and intermuscular bone number was tested using the general linear model (glm) single marker regression. determination of the threshold values by 10,000 permutation tests showed that eight markers had significant correlation (p<0.05), in which hlj3086, hlj3642 and hlj3515 had very significant correlation ...201323913892
the complete mitochondrial genome of mud carp cirrhinus molitorella (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of cirrhinus molitorella was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. the complete mitochondrial dna sequence is 16,602 bp in length. it consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 rrna genes and 2 non-coding regions. overall base composition of mitogenome is estimated to be 32.32% for a, 15.26% for g, 25.00% for t, 27.41% for c, respectively, with a high a + t content (57.32%). the control region contains a dinucleotide repeat motif, (t ...201523901923
characterization of hepatic metallothionein expression in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.measurements of metallothioneins (mts) can be labour intensive and require expensive probes and or analytical instrumentation. in contrast, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr0 has provided a relatively sensitive and simple mechanism to measure expression of mt in sentinel species in aquatic environments. the objectives of this study were to characterize expression of hepatic mt in a commonly occurring fish species of the southeastern united states, the channel catfish (i ...199723899176
laboratory validation of a lateral flow device for the detection of cyhv-3 antigens in gill swabs.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) induces the highly contagious koi herpesvirus disease (khvd) and may result in significant economic losses to the ornamental and food-producing carp industry. suspicion of khvd is triggered by clinical signs and confirmed using laboratory techniques. the latter are labour- and time-consuming, require specialised equipment and trained personnel. for rapid, on-site detection of cyhv-3, a lateral flow device (lfd) was developed using two monoclonal antibodies directe ...201323896022
soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae.the necessary replacement of fish meal with other protein source in diets of commercially important fish has prompted the study of the effect of the inclusion of different vegetable proteins sources on growth performance and on the gastro-intestinal tract. currently, soybean meal is the primary protein source as a fish meal replacement because of its low price and high availability. likewise, it is been documented that the ingestion of soybean meal by several fish species, such as salmonids and ...201323894568
the primary culture of mirror carp snout and caudal fin tissues and the isolation of koi herpesvirus.the explosive koi herpesvirus (khv) epidemic has caused the deaths of a large number of carp and carp variants and has produced serious economic losses. the mirror carp (cyprinus carpio var. specularis) exhibits strong environmental adaptability and its primary cells can be used to isolate khv. this study utilized the tissue explant method to systematically investigate primary cell culture conditions for mirror carp snout and caudal fin tissues. we demonstrated that cells from these two tissue t ...201323893087
comparative study on effects of dietary with diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress in carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia sp.) exposed to herbicide clomazone.the study investigated the capacity of diphenyl diselenide [(phse)2] (3.0mg/kg), on reduce the oxidative damage in liver, gills and muscle of carp and silver catfish exposed to clomazone (192h). silver catfish exposed to clomazone showed increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) in liver and muscle and protein carbonyl in liver and gills. furthermore, clomazone in silver catfish decrease non-protein thiols (npsh) in liver and gills and glutathione peroxidase and ascorbic acid in l ...201323892285
effects of a dietary β-(1,3)(1,6)-d-glucan supplementation on intestinal microbial communities and intestinal ultrastructure of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.).to assess the effects of dietary saccharomyces cerevisiae β-(1,3)(1,6)-d-glucan supplementation (macrogard(®)) on mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) intestinal microbiota and ultrastructure of the enterocyte apical brush border.201323889777
changes in apoptotic rate and cell viability in three fish epidermis cultures after exposure to nonylphenol and to a wastewater sample containing low concentrations of nonylphenol.three types of epidermal cultures of fish were used for toxicological investigations, a primary cell culture and a tissue culture prepared from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and the cell line epc, derived from a skin tumour of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two studies were carried out to compare the different culture systems. in the first cultures were incubated with nonylphenol and in the second set of experiments the cell cultures were exposed to a wastewater sample containing lo ...200023889222
detrimental effects of metronidazole on the liver of freshwater common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the widely used antibiotic metronidazole (mtz) was investigated for its toxic effects on the liver of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/l mtz in water for 30 days, and parameters that are indicative of liver damage and oxidative stress were measured. mtz increased liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels, and elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine amino ...201323884169
molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 21 cdna from paralichthys olivaceus.toll-like receptor (tlr) is believed to play crucial role in host defense of pathogenic microbes in innate immune system. in the present study, the full-length cdna of paralichthys olivaceus toll-like receptor 21 (po-tlr21) was cloned by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. the po-tlr21 cdna sequence was 3687 bp, containing an open reading frame of 2922 bp encoding 973 amino acids. tmhmm and smart program analysis indicated that protein contained one transmembr ...201323880453
evaluation of the effects induced by dietary diphenyl diselenide on common carp cyprinus carpio.several diets employed in aquaculture are enriched with selenium (se), as it is a fundamental element to aquatic vertebrates. diphenyl diselenide [(phse)₂], which is a synthetic organoselenium compound, has been considered a potential antioxidant agent in different experimental models. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary diphenyl diselenide at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days and to determine its optimal supplemental level for carp, cyprinus ca ...201423877622
molecular cloning and expression analysis of two β-defensin genes in the blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala).β-defensins are a group of cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in innate immune system against pathogenic microbes invading. in this study, the part-length cdna sequences of two β-defensin genes (maβd-1, maβd-2) in blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala) were identified. homology analysis showed that the cdna sequences of maβd-1 and maβd-2 had high similarities to those in common carp and zebrafish. real-time quantitative pcr results exhibited that expre ...201323876385
anticarbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are present in sera of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) patients. 201323873877
cyhv-3: the third cyprinid herpesvirus.common carp (including ornamental koi carp) cyprinus carpio l. are ecologically and economically important freshwater fish in europe and asia. c. carpio have recently been endangered by a third cyprinid herpesvirus, known as cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3), the etiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease (khvd), which causes significant morbidity and mortality in koi and common carp. clinical and pathological signs include epidermal abrasions, excess mucus production, necrosis of gill and inter ...201323872859
epidemiology of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 infection in latently infected carp from aquaculture.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3, koi herpesvirus, khv) is the causative agent of an economically important disease in carp. the mode of transmission of this virus, especially how the infectious agent is introduced into ponds de novo, is not known in detail. the aim of this study was to investigate the shedding of cyhv-3 from fish with latent infections, under aquaculture conditions. ponds in saxony, germany, with latently infected carp were examined at different times during the production cycle ...201323872854
immunity against selected piscine flagellates.this discussion is on immune response to amyloodinium ocellatum, cryptobia salmositica, trypanoplasma borreli and trypanosoma carassii. piscidin and histone-like proteins enhance innate resistance to amyloodinium. fish that are naturally resistant to cryptobia and trypanoplasma can be bred. cryptobia resistance in charr is controlled by a dominant mendelian locus and protection is via the alternative pathway of complement activation. studies on cryptobia-tolerant charr may lead to production of ...201423872230
assessment of surface water in the vicinity of fertilizer factory using fish and plants.the genotoxic and toxic potential of polluted surface water exposed to a fertilizer factory effluent was evaluated using assays with fish (cyprinus carpio) and plant (lemna minor) model organisms. beside classical physicochemical parameters, the contents of fluorides, some heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed as well. surface water caused inhibition of plant growth and decrease of photosynthetic pigment content. regarding dna damage and oxidative stress parameters, bot ...201323871567
functional analysis of domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, duf1944 and von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd) in vitellogenin2 in zebrafish.vitellogenin (vg), the precursor of egg-yolk proteins in all oviparous organisms, shares a similar domain structure combination. in most cases, vg contains the vitellogenin_n domain, the domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, and the von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd), which are present in different forms of vg from both vertebrates and invertebrates. occasionally, a duf1944 domain is also present in between duf1943 and vwd in some vg proteins of vertebrates. recent studies have shown tha ...201323867754
epigenetic regulation of the ribosomal cistron seasonally modulates enrichment of h2a.z and h2a.zub in response to different environmental inputs in carp (cyprinus carpio).the specific deposition of histone variants into chromatin is an important epigenetic mechanism that contributes to gene regulation through chromatin architectural changes. the histone variant h2a.z is essential in higher eukaryotes, and its incorporation within chromatin is a relevant process for gene expression and genome stability. however, the dual positive and negative roles of h2a.z in gene regulation still remain unclear. we previously reported that acclimatization in common carp fish (cy ...201323866978
brain h2a.z: the long and the short.the role of histone variants and their specific post-translational modifications (ptms) in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is still poorly understood. a paper published by simonet and colleagues in epigenetics and chromatin describes a new h2a.z subtype that is specific for brain and pituitary in the carp and provides additional information about the functional epigenetic complexity of the ptms associated with histone h2a.z.201323866047
isolation and partial characterization of a novel virus from different carp species suffering gill necrosis - ultrastructure and morphogenesis.two isolates of a novel enveloped rna virus were obtained from carp and koi carp with gill necrosis. both isolates behaved identically and could be propagated in different cyprinid cell lines forming large syncytia. the virus was sensitive to lipid solvents and neither exhibited haemadsorption/haemagglutination nor reverse transcriptase activity. mature virus particles displayed a spherical shape with diameter of 100-350 nm after negative staining and 100-300 nm in ultrathin sections, covered by ...201423865968
the il-10 homologue encoded by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 is essential neither for viral replication in vitro nor for virulence in vivo.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), a member of the family alloherpesviridae, is the causative agent of a lethal disease in common and koi carp. cyhv-3 orf134 encodes an interleukin-10 (il-10) homologue. the present study was devoted to this orf. transcriptomic analyses revealed that orf134 is expressed as a spliced gene belonging to the early-late class. proteomic analyses of cyhv-3 infected cell supernatant demonstrated that the orf134 expression product is one of the most abundant proteins of th ...201323865540
close association between paralogous multiple isomirs and paralogous/orthologues mirna sequences implicates dominant sequence selection across various animal species.micrornas (mirnas) are crucial negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. next-generation sequencing technologies have identified a series of mirna variants (named isomirs). in this study, paralogous isomir assemblies (from the mirna locus) were systematically analyzed based on data acquired from deep sequencing data sets. evolutionary analysis of paralogous (members in mirna gene family in a specific species) and orthologues (across different animal species) mirna ...201323856130
the relationship of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage with blood aluminum levels and oxidative stress induced by this metal in common carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes.aluminum is one of the most abundant elements in nature and is used in diverse industrial processes. as a result, it contaminates aquatic ecosystems, inducing damage on associated biota. in fish, it has been observed to induce hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory arrest. although there is little information on al-induced cytotoxicity and dna damage, this type of studies are essential in order to identify the mechanisms of action of this metal. the cytotoxic and genotoxic effe ...201323856122
molecular characterization of hepcidin gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and its expression pattern responding to bacterial challenge.hepcidin is a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide (amp), which plays an important role in host innate immune system and iron regulation. a great many of hepcidin genes have been identified from vertebrates, including various fish species. here we report the cloning and identification of a hepcidin cdna from the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the full-length cdna of the common carp hepcidin was 647 bp, which contained an orf of 276 bp encoding a prepropeptide of 91 amino acid ...201323851290
heavy metals contamination in water and three species of most consumed fish sampled from caspian sea, 2011.the present study is an attempt to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in the marine environment of the caspian sea of iran. the concentrations of zinc, chromium, cadmium, and lead were measured in water and dorsal muscle of fish sampled from 10 selected stations along gorgan coast using atomic absorption spectrophotometry during summer of 2011. the average concentrations of lead in water and fish samples (115.29 ± 14.78 and 113.23 ± 27.01 μg/l) were significantly higher than that of cadmium ...201323842607
the effect of prolonged exercise training on swimming performance and the underlying biochemical mechanisms in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise training on swimming performance and the underlying biochemical mechanisms in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio), we measured the critical swimming speed (ucrit), the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (epoc), the activity of red and white muscle enzymes [pyruvate kinase (pk), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and citrate synthase (cs)], the tissue substrates (glycogen and glucose content of muscle and liver) and metabolite (the lactate content ...201323838144
production of oocytes of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) for in vitro fertilization via hormonal treatments.only a few studies have described hormonal treatments for induction of synchronicity and gamete collection in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), both important for assortative matings in breeding programmes and essential for polyploidy technologies. in this study, we compared the effectiveness of carp pituitary extract (cpe), nile tilapia pituitary extract (tpe), human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) protocols on the induction of spawning and egg product ...201323834584
the tapeworm atractolytocestus tenuicollis (cestoda: caryophyllidea)--a sister species or ancestor of an invasive a. huronensis?atractolytocestus tenuicollis (li, 1964) xi, wang, wu, gao et nie, 2009 is a monozoic, non-segmented tapeworm of the order caryophyllidea, parasitizing exclusively common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the current work, the first molecular data, in particular complete ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) on a. tenuicollis from niushan lake, wuhan, china, are provided. in order to evaluate molecular interrelationships within ...201323832640
oxidative burst and nitric oxide responses in carp macrophages induced by zymosan, macrogard(®) and selective dectin-1 agonists suggest recognition by multiple pattern recognition receptors.β-glucans are glucose polymers that are found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, certain fungi, mushrooms and the cell wall of baker's yeast. in mammals, myeloid cells express several receptors capable of recognizing β-glucans, with the c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 in conjunction with toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), considered key receptors for recognition of β-glucan. in our studies to determine the possible involvement of these receptors on carp macrophages a range of sources of β-glucans ...201323831551
medaka haploid embryonic stem cells are susceptible to singapore grouper iridovirus as well as to other viruses of aquaculture fish species.viral infection is a challenge in high-density aquaculture, as it leads to various diseases and causes massive or even complete loss. the identification and disruption of host factors that viruses utilize for infection offer a novel approach to generate viral-resistant seed stocks for cost-efficient and sustainable aquaculture. genetic screening in haploid cell cultures represents an ideal tool for host factor identification. we have recently generated haploid embryonic stem (es) cells in the la ...201323828270
impact of the introduction of drug eluting stents on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous and surgical coronary artery revascularisation procedures in western australia.increasing rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) and decreasing rates of coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery followed the introduction of drug eluting stents in western australia in 2002. we assessed the impact of these changes on one-year outcomes for the total population of patients undergoing coronary artery revascularisation procedures (carp) in western australia between 2000-2004.201323826870
carp-1 functional mimetics: a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of medulloblastoma cell growth.medulloblastomas (mbs) constitute an aggressive class of intracranial pediatric tumors. current multimodality treatments for mbs include surgery, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapy. toxic side effects of therapies coupled with high incidence of recurrence and the metastatic spread warrant development of more effective, less toxic therapies for this disease. carp-1/ccar1 is a peri-nuclear phospho-protein that is a co-activator of the cell cycle regulatory anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (a ...201323826121
phenotypic changes in cyprinus carpiovar var. jian introduced by sperm-mediated transgenesis of rearranged homologous dna fragments.common carp, specifically the jian variety (cyprinus carpiovar var. jian), is an important chinese and global aquatic stock for commercial foodstuff. homologous recombination of carp gene sequences has been widely used in population genetics to broadly screen for beneficial phenotypical variations, thus optimizing artificially engineered carp stocks with jian variety and native stock varieties. random rearrangement of homologous dna fragments from parent specimens of c. carpiovar var. jian were ...201323824532
immunity to ichthyophthirius infections in fish: a synopsis.ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated protozoan parasite that infects freshwater fish. it has been the subject of both applied and basic research for over 100years, which can be attributed to its world-wide distribution and its significant economic impact on both food and aquarium fish production. i. multifiliis serves as a model for studies in fish on innate and acquired immunity, as well as on mucosal immunity. although an obligate parasite, i. multifiliis is relatively easily passaged fr ...201423810781
molecular characterization of five steroid receptors from pengze crucian carp and their expression profiles of juveniles in response to 17α-ethinylestradiol and 17α-methyltestosterone.pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze, pcc), a triploid gynogenetic fish, was used in this study to investigate the cross-talk between edcs and steroid receptors. the full-length cdnas of five steroid receptors (esr1, er alpha2, esr2a, esr2b, ar) and partial cdna of vtg b were isolated. the tissue distributions of these genes were analyzed in adult fish by qrt-pcr. then the expression profiles of five steroid receptors (esrs and ar) and vtg b were detected in the juveniles exposed t ...201323806426
anti-platelet-activating factor, antibacterial, and antiradical activities of lipids extract from silver carp brain.epidemiological studies have verified the protective role of fish lipids in cardiovascular diseases. however, the effects of fish lipids on health boost remain undefined. large amounts of by-products, such as fish brain which contains high level of lipids, are produced with silver carp processing. fish brain is rich in bioactive lipids which are overwhelmingly effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases. the aim of this study was to elucidate the pharmacological activities of silver carp bra ...201323805935
prostanoids-induced dispersion in the melanophores of a carp labeo rohita (ham.).effects of three prostaglandins (i.e., prostanoids) and one of its precursors, arachidonic acid, were examined on the melanophores of the fish labeo rohita (ham.). pge₁, pge₂, pgf(2α) and arachidonic acid elicit a concentration-related dispersion in the fish melanophores. in vitro analysis of melanophores was performed through incubation of the isolated fish scales in different agonists and antagonists solutions. dispersal effect of prostanoids may be mediated directly through the typical recept ...201423801365
detoxification of jatropha curcas kernel cake by a novel streptomyces fimicarius strain.a huge amount of kernel cake, which contains a variety of toxins including phorbol esters (tumor promoters), is projected to be generated yearly in the near future by the jatropha biodiesel industry. we showed that the kernel cake strongly inhibited plant seed germination and root growth and was highly toxic to carp fingerlings, even though phorbol esters were undetectable by hplc. therefore it must be detoxified before disposal to the environment. a mathematic model was established to estimate ...201323792974
evaluation of food chain transfer of the antibiotic oxytetracycline and human risk assessment.there has been recent concern regarding the possibility of antibiotics entering the aquatic food chain and impacting human consumers. this work reports experimental results of the bioconcentration of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc) by the asian watermeal plant (wolffia globosa hartog & plas) and bioaccumulation of otc in watermeal and water by the seven-striped carp (probarbus jullieni). they show, for the first time, the extent to which otc is able to transfer from water to plant to fish a ...201323790827
short and long-term effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses in an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine and aquaculture practices pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. in the present investigation, cirrhinus mrigala an indian major carp was exposed to different concentrations of clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) and certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were assessed under short and long term exposures. during short-term (96h) exposure period, plasma glucose and sodium (na(+)) levels were increased at all con ...201323777676
cdna cloning of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from crucian carp (carassius carassius) and expression of the active region as myofibril-bound serine proteinase inhibitor in escherichia coli.glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) (ec 5.3.1.9) can act as a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) inhibitor (mbspi) in fish. in order to better understand the biological information of the gpi and its functional domain for inhibiting mbsp, the cdna of gpi was cloned from crucian carp (carassius carassius) with rt-pcr, nested-pcr and 3'-race. the result of sequencing showed that the gpi cdna had an open reading frame of 1662bp encoding 553 amino acid residues. after constructing and comparin ...201423774640
dietary choline modulates immune responses, and gene expressions of tor and eif4e-binding protein2 in immune organs of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).the present work evaluates the effects of various levels of dietary choline on immune parameters, immune-related gene expression and protection against aeromonas hydrophila (ah) in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of choline at 165 (choline-deficient control), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg kg(-1) diet for 65 days. at the end of the feeding trail, fish were challenged with ah and mortalities were recorde ...201323774323
β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. a number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. the aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. throughout a ...201323770625
toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on lysozyme activities, the contents of complement c3 and igm, and igm and complement c3 expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).chlorpyrifos is one of the organophosphate pesticides widely used in agricultural practices throughout world. it has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. in the present study, toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on lysozyme activities, contents of igm and complement c3, and the expressions of igm and complement c3 at mrna level in common carp were evaluated by acute exposure of 15 (1/10 lc50) or 75μgl(-1) ...201323769463
cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and regulated by pth.bone mass is dependent on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and life-span of osteoblasts. parathyroid hormone (pth) controls osteoblast cell cycle regulatory proteins and suppresses mature osteoblasts apoptosis. intermittent administration of pth increases bone mass but the mechanism of action are complex and incompletely understood. cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 (aka ccar1) is a novel transducer of signaling by diverse agents including cell growth and differentiat ...201323764399
transgenic common carp do not have the ability to expand populations.the ecological safety of transgenic organisms is an important issue of international public and political concern. the assessment of ecological risks is also crucial for realizing the beneficial industrial application of transgenic organisms. in this study, reproduction of common carp (cyprinus carpio, cc) in isolated natural aquatic environments was analyzed. using the method of paternity testing, a comparative analysis was conducted on the structure of an offspring population of "all-fish" gro ...201323762383
effects of fluoride on growth, body composition, and serum biochemical profile in a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fluoride is ubiquitously distributed in natural waters. elevated fluoride may cause histopathological changes and induce oxidative stress in the gills of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the present study further evaluates the effects of fluoride on growth performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements of c. carpio. the results showed that food intake, growth, serum osmolality, body composition, and biochemical measures in the blood were affected by fluoride. weight gain rate and ...201323761139
evidence for two koi herpesvirus (khv) genotypes in south korea.the geographic distribution of koi herpesvirus (khv) has recently been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr, based on the alleles of 3 domains) and sequence analysis using 3 regions of khv genomic dna (sphi-5, 9/5, and the thymidine kinase gene). in this study, samples from 6 carp showing symptoms of khv infection in 2008 were examined for the presence of khv by using pcr and cell culture isolation methods. khv was detected in 2 (pyeongtaek and buan) of the samples. sequence analysis revea ...201323759557
high affinity of cadmium and copper to head kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the present study was to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals in various tissues of the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cadmium and copper (a xenobiotic and a microelement). the fish were subjected to short-term (3 h, cd-s and cu-s) or long-term (4 weeks, cd-l and cu-l) exposures to 100 % 96hlc₅₀ or 10 % 96hlc₅₀, respectively. blood, gill, liver, head and trunk kidney were isolated weekly from 5 fish of each group for 4 weeks (post-short-term exposure and during long-term ...201423756826
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