Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| poor inheritance of low attractiveness for amblyomma variegatum in cattle. | because of the high variability of cattle infestation, selective breeding has been proposed to control three-host ticks in africa in the same way as it has been implemented to control the one-host tick boophilus microplus in australia. interbreeding (divergent selection experiment) between gudali zebu cattle was performed at the wakwa research centre, adamawa, cameroon to assess the feasibility and impact of such a selective breeding programme. fifty cows (chosen out of 129) and 2 bulls (chosen ... | 2007 | 17418491 |
| cloning and characterization of a ribosomal protein l23a from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs by immuno screening of a cdna expression library. | a primary cdna library with a size of 1.34 x 10(6) pfu was constructed from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs and was immunoscreened with rabbit anti-h. qinghaiensis serum. one clone (hq22, named following those clones obtained from adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis cdna library which we constructed before) screened from the cdna library was selected randomly for sequencing. the entire sequence of the clone was subsequently obtained using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race). a search of the ... | 2007 | 17406794 |
| transovarial silencing of the subolesin gene in three-host ixodid tick species after injection of replete females with subolesin dsrna. | rna interference (rnai) has become the most powerful experimental tool for the study of gene function in ticks. subolesin, initially called 4d8, was found to be protective against tick infestations when used as a vaccine and was shown to be highly conserved among ixodid tick species at the nucleotide and protein levels. rnai caused systemic silencing of subolesin and demonstrated that this protein is involved in regulation of tick feeding, reproduction, and development. recently, these results w ... | 2007 | 17372765 |
| sequence and the developmental and tissue-specific regulation of the first complete vitellogenin messenger rna from ticks responsible for heme sequestration. | the first full-length mrna for vitellogenin (vg) from ticks was sequenced. this also represents the first complete sequence of vg from the chelicerata and of a heme binding vg. the vg cdna from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis was 5744nt in length (genbank accession number ay885250), which coded for a protein of 1843 aa with a calculated molecular weight of 208 kd. this protein had an 18 aa signal sequence, a single rxxr cleavage signal that would generate two subunits (49.5 and 157 ... | 2007 | 17368200 |
| molecular characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 homologue from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | one sequence in the est database of a midgut cdna library prepared from semi-engorged female haemaphysalis longicornis ticks has been found to be a homologue of the bm86 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. the full-length sequence containing a 1785 bp open reading fragment (orf) was obtained and designated as the hl86 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the hl86 gene shows a 37% identity to the bm86 gene. hl86 is predicted to be a gpi-anchored membrane-bound glycoprotein wi ... | 2007 | 17363170 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of paraguay. | the ticks reported in paraguay, which are here reviewed, can be categorized as 'endemic or established' (argas persicus or a sibling species, ornithodoros hasei, o. rostratus, o. rudis, o. talaje/o. puertoricensis, amblyomma aureolatum, am. auricularium, am. brasiliense, am. cajennense, am. calcaratum, am. coelebs, am. dissimile, am. dubitatum, am. incisum, am. longirostre, am. nodosum, am. ovale, am. pacae, am. parvum, am. pseudoconcolor, am. rotundatum, am. scutatum, am. tigrinum, am. triste, ... | 2007 | 17362600 |
| spatial distribution of acaricide profiles (boophilus microplus strains susceptible or resistant to acaricides) in southeastern mexico. | the ability of boophilus microplus strains to be susceptible (-) or resistant (+) to amidines (am), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), and/or organo-phosphates (op) (or acaricide profiles) was investigated in 217 southeastern mexican cattle ranches (located in the states of yucatán, quintana roo, and tabasco). three questions were asked: (1) whether acaricide profiles varied at random and, if not, which one(s) explained more (or less) cases than expected, (2) whether the spatial distribution of acarici ... | 2007 | 17349747 |
| irae: an asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) in the gut of the hard tick ixodes ricinus. | ticks are ectoparasitic blood-feeders and important vectors for pathogens including arboviruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes and protozoa. as obligate blood-feeders, one possible strategy to retard disease transmission is disruption of the parasite's ability to digest host proteins. however, the constituent peptidases in the parasite gut and their potential interplay in the digestion of the blood meal are poorly understood. we have characterised a novel asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) from the ... | 2007 | 17336985 |
| [insects know no border.]. | one of the major consequences of the joined action of demographic pressure and evolution of human activities lies in enormous increase of transportation, both in frequence and speed; taking advantage of these facilities, some arthropods could increase their geographical distribution and create new health threats. several demonstrative examples are exposed in order to illustrate this anthropic dissemination of the vectors : the introduction of anopheles gambiae s.l. in mauritius island between 18 ... | 1996 | 17292311 |
| vaccination against ectoparasites. | ectoparasites of livestock are of great economic and social importance but their effective control remains difficult. the feasibility of vaccination as a novel control measure was established over a decade ago with the commercial release of a recombinant vaccine against the cattle tick boophilus microplus. since then, research has continued on ticks and other ectoparasites. while some ectoparasite species will undoubtedly be refractory to immunological control, for others there has been a steady ... | 2006 | 17274852 |
| new tick defensin isoform and antimicrobial gene expression in response to rickettsia montanensis challenge. | recent studies aimed at elucidating the rickettsia-tick interaction have discovered that the spotted fever group rickettsia rickettsia montanensis, a relative of r. rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, induces differential gene expression patterns in the ovaries of the hard tick dermacentor variabilis. here we describe a new defensin isoform, defensin-2, and the expression patterns of genes for three antimicrobials, defensin-1 (vsna1), defensin-2, and lysozyme, in the ... | 2007 | 17261604 |
| a synthetic bmti n-terminal fragment as antigen in bovine immunoprotection against the tick boophilus microplus in a pen trial. | cattle tick control remains a serious problem in cattle farms worldwide, due to the limited success achieved with chemicals. although the use of vaccines for tick control may open possibilities for an integrated approach, the search for other protective antigens is still necessary to improve control. boophilus microplus is a rich source of bmtis, serine proteinase inhibitors that are present throughout the tick's lifecycle. the present paper reports a pen trial conducted to evaluate the performa ... | 2007 | 17257592 |
| serial analysis of gene expression in the southern cattle tick following acaricide treatment of larvae from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains. | organophosphate resistant and susceptible tick larvae from laboratory strains of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were exposed to low doses of the organophosphate (op) acaricide, coumaphos. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to analyse differential gene expression in response to op treatment and to compare the responses of op-treated and -untreated resistant and susceptible tick larvae. an r. microplus gene index was used as an est database to identif ... | 2007 | 17257208 |
| an investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in bangladesh. | to study the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks in bangladesh, an attempt was made to collect adult ticks from various host animals in three distinct topographic zones, viz. flood plains, hills and steppe 'barind'. five species of ixodid ticks were recorded, namely, boophilus microplus (56.3%), haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.3%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (15.0%) and amblyomma testudinarium (2.8%). the data showed that b. micr ... | 2006 | 17243476 |
| effects of solvents and surfactant agents on the female and larvae of cattle tick boophilus microplus. | many natural compounds have low water solubility and need to be dissolved in organic solvents, or surfactant agents must be used before addition into experimental systems. therefore, it is necessary to determine their toxicity. experiments were performed aiming to select solvents to be used in the bioassays, searching new acaricide agents from plants. laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick boophilus microplus to determine the sensibility of b. microplus female ... | 2007 | 17237954 |
| the effects of salivary gland extracts from boophilus microplus ticks on mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from the tick boophilus microplus was examined in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. sge was added to lymphocytes of seven cattle together with the mitogens concanavalin a (cona), phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). semi-purified b cells from another seven cattle were stimulated with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps). pha and cona stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes to the same extent, but the inhibition due to sge of boop ... | 2007 | 17221366 |
| direct and indirect inferences on parasite mating and gene transmission patterns. pangamy in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | mating system plays a determinant role in the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation. difficulties in applying standard methods of indirect inferences onto parasitic life-cycles partly explain the current lack of knowledge on parasite mating systems. the present study develops a combination of direct and indirect inference methods circumventing such difficulties, and illustrates in particular how such a combination modifies our understanding of the biology of the southern cattle tick, ... | 2007 | 17215171 |
| insect sodium channels and insecticide resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials (i.e., electrical impulses) in excitable cells. although most of our knowledge about sodium channels is derived from decades of studies of mammalian isoforms, research on insect sodium channels is revealing both common and unique aspects of sodium channel biology. in particular, our understanding of the molecular dynamics and pharmacology of insect sodium channels has advanced greatly in recent ye ... | 2007 | 17206406 |
| an annotated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. to expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fevers, we analyzed a set of 4,232 expressed sequence tags from cdna libraries of ... | 2007 | 17204158 |
| gene silencing of the tick protective antigens, bm86, bm91 and subolesin, in the one-host tick boophilus microplus by rna interference. | the use of rna interference (rnai) to assess gene function has been demonstrated in several three-host tick species but adaptation of rnai to the one-host tick, boophilus microplus, has not been reported. we evaluated the application of rnai in b. microplus and the effect of gene silencing on three tick-protective antigens: bm86, bm91 and subolesin. gene-specific double-stranded (dsrna) was injected into two tick stages, freshly molted unfed and engorged females, and specific gene silencing was ... | 2007 | 17196597 |
| [in vitro patogenicity of the fungi metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff, 1879) sorokin, 1883, on the tick boophilus microplus (canestrini,1887)]. | the cattle tick boophilus microplus is a serious concern to the brazilian cattle industry. it causes decreased meat and milk production, low alimentary conversion, damage to leather and transmission of pathogens. the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents for ticks has shown promising results. this study tests the in vitro effects of two metarhizium anisopliae isolates (e9 and 319) towards three stages of b. microplus: eggs, larvae and engorged females. the bioassays were com ... | 2006 | 17196119 |
| [evaluation of cellular response in engorged females of boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) inoculated with metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana, penicillium corylophilum or fusarium oxysporum]. | the effect of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, penicillium corylophilum or fusarium oxysporum on the dynamic of hemocytes presented in the haemolymph of engorged females of boophilus microplus was studied. the inoculation was carried out with conidia suspension of different fungi in the concentration of 10(8) conidia/ml. a negative control group was inoculated with 0.1% tween 80 water solution and a testimony group was comprised of non inoculated ticks. the haemolymph samples were col ... | 2006 | 17196118 |
| [the effect of different strains babesia bovis (babes, 1888) on tick of boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887)]. | two samples (modified and no-modified) of babesia bovis, were used to evaluate the effect on engorged females of boophilus microplus babesia spp - free. for so much, were used three holstein breed bovine, males with 6 months of age, (bh1, bh2 and bh3), coming of the plateau of itatiaia, rio de janeiro, brazil. each calf was infested with 0.2g of b. microplus larvae babesia spp- free, for 10 consecutive days. they were inoculated in the calves bh1 and bh2, modified and no modified sample, respect ... | 2006 | 17196115 |
| novel acetylcholinesterase target site for malaria mosquito control. | current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during world war ii and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (aches) in insects and in mammals. a sequence analysis of aches from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (anopheles gambiae) ache (agache) reported here show that c286 and r339 of agache are conserved at the opening of the active site of aches in 17 invertebrate and four insect species, respec ... | 2006 | 17183688 |
| detection of babesia bigemina infection in strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from outbreaks in south texas. | the sudden death of several cattle infested experimentally with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus led to a clinical investigation into the reasons for the unexpected mortality. microscopic evidence for babesia bigemina infection was found in blood smears from the affected animals and a pcr assay was designed to detect the presence of b. bigemina and babesia bovis in all r. microplus strains received and propagated at the laboratory. the assay utilizes a nested pcr approach with the first pcr a ... | 2007 | 17178440 |
| transovarial transmission efficiency of babesia bovis tick stages acquired by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus during acute infection. | the protozoan parasite babesia bovis, a reemerging threat to u.s. cattle, is acquired by adult female ticks of the subgenus boophilus and is transovarially transmitted as the kinete stage to developing larval offspring. sporozoites develop within larvae and are transmitted during larval feeding on a bovine host. this study evaluated the efficiency of b. bovis infection within rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus following acquisition feeding on acutely parasitemic cattle. parasite levels were qua ... | 2007 | 17166964 |
| cell death during preoviposition period in boophilus microplus tick. | programmed cell death (pcd) is present during the development of multicellular organisms and occurs from embryogenesis to death. in females of boophilus microplus, the mass of several organs is reduced after the detachment from the host. in order to better characterize the cell death process that eliminates unnecessary tissues, the degeneration of salivary glands, ovaries and synganglia was investigated using dna fragmentation in agarose gel, comet and tunel assays, and apoptosis activation path ... | 2007 | 17157985 |
| malaria parasite growth is stimulated by mosquito probing. | the ability of malaria parasites to respond positively to the presence of feeding mosquito vectors would clearly be advantageous to transmission. in this study, anopheles stephensi mosquitoes probed mice infected with the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium chabaudi. growth of asexual stages was accelerated and gametocytes appeared 1-2 days earlier than in controls. this first study, to our knowledge, of the effects of mosquitoes on 'in-host' growth and development of plasmodium has profound imp ... | 2005 | 17148162 |
| dermal mast cell counts in f2 holstein x gir crossbred cattle artificially infested with the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the role of dermal mast cells (dmc) in the host resistance to ticks has been studied but it is not totally explained yet. studies have proposed that zebuine cattle breeds, known as highly resistant to ticks, have more dmc than taurine breeds. in the present study, we compared the number of adult female ticks boophilus microplus and the mast cells' countings in the skin of f(2) crossbred gir x holstein cattle, before and after tick infestation. f(2) crossbred cattle (n = 148) were divided into se ... | 2006 | 17135554 |
| oxidative stress impairs heme detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus digestion of blood is intracellular, accomplished by the so-called digest cells that fill the midgut lumen. hydrolysis of hemoglobin in the digestive vesicles of these cells results in the release of large amounts of heme, a pro-oxidant compound, whose iron atom, together with h(2)o(2), may participate in the fenton reaction and lead to the production of hydroxyl radicals. here, we investigated the role of catalase, an enzyme responsible for ... | 2007 | 17123644 |
| seroprevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa, associated with changes in vector-tick populations. | a survey was conducted at 30 communal dip tanks and on 5 commercial farms in limpopo province, south africa, during 1999 and 2000 to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. cattle seropositive for b. bovis were found in 97% of the herds on communal land; the overall seroprevalence changed little between 1999 (63.3%) and 2000 (62.4%). all herds surveyed were infected with b. bigemina, and overall seroprevalence decreased significantly from 56.1% in 1999 t ... | 2006 | 17120620 |
| association of bola-drb3.2 alleles with tick (boophilus microplus) resistance in cattle. | losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. besides reducing production, this parasite can cause death in the most susceptible animals. the use of commercial acaricides has been the major method of control, but their misuse has led to tick resistance to many chemicals. more recently, vaccines have been used in some countries without solving the problem completely. an alternative could be the development of resistant animals ... | 2006 | 17117367 |
| founder effects, inbreeding and effective sizes in the southern cattle tick: the effect of transmission dynamics and implications for pest management. | since its immigration in the pacific island of new caledonia in 1942 (i.e. about 240 tick-generations ago), the cattle tick boophilus microplus has experienced a remarkable adaptive diversification there. in order to better understand the population factors involved, we have investigated the b. microplus population structure on that main host-species, bos taurus. this study was based microsatellite loci and confirmed that the island colonization came along with a significant bottleneck. knowledg ... | 2006 | 17107486 |
| catalytic advantages provided by selenocysteine in methionine-s-sulfoxide reductases. | methionine sulfoxide reductases are key enzymes that repair oxidatively damaged proteins. two distinct stereospecific enzyme families are responsible for this function: msra (methionine-s-sulfoxide reductase) and msrb (methionine-r-sulfoxide reductase). in the present study, we identified multiple selenoprotein msra sequences in organisms from bacteria to animals. we characterized the selenocysteine (sec)-containing chlamydomonas msra and found that this protein exhibited 10-50-fold higher activ ... | 2006 | 17105189 |
| validation of candidate bovine reference genes for use with real-time pcr. | accurate quantification with real-time pcr requires the use of stable endogenous controls. recently, there has been much debate concerning the stability of commonly used reference or housekeeping genes. to address this concern, a number of statistical approaches have been designed to analyse data and assist in determining the most appropriate reference genes for experimental comparisons. in this study, three programs, bestkeeper, norm finder, and genorm were used to assess four candidate referen ... | 2007 | 17074403 |
| vaccination of cattle with tickgard induces cross-reactive antibodies binding to conserved linear peptides of bm86 homologues in boophilus decoloratus. | vaccines based on recombinant bm86 gut antigen from boophilus microplus are a useful component of integrated control strategies against b. microplus infestations of cattle. the capacity of such vaccines to control heterologous infestations by two african tick species was investigated. the mean weight of engorged female ticks and mean egg mass per tick were significantly reduced in b. decoloratus infestations, but there was no effect of the vaccine against adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus. we c ... | 2007 | 17070625 |
| a combined bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approach for the development of new antiparasitic drugs. | a modern concept for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs is the combination of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approaches. this covers, for example, the identification of target proteins serving as molecular points of attack for parasiticides--the idea is that, owing to some essential role, inhibition of a target protein should eradicate the parasite. to prevent toxicity problems for vertebrate host organisms, it is advantageous that these proteins show significant differences from ... | 2007 | 17070005 |
| characteristics of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) rrna genes of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera): structure, organization, and retrotransposable elements. | as an accompanying manuscript to the release of the honey bee genome, we report the entire sequence of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene sequences (rdna) and related internally and externally transcribed spacer regions of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera: apocrita). additionally, we predict secondary structures for the mature rrna molecules based on comparative sequence analyses with other arthropod taxa and reference to re ... | 2006 | 17069639 |
| immune response in mice and cattle after immunization with a boophilus microplus dna vaccine containing bm86 gene. | plasmid pbmc2 encoding antigen bm86 from a colombian strain of cattle tick boophilus microplus, was used for dna-mediated immunization of balb/c mice, employing doses of 10 and 50microg, delivered by intradermic and intramuscular routes. anti-bm86 antibody levels were significantly higher compared to control mice treated with pbs. in the evaluation of immunoglobulin isotypes, significant levels of igg2a and igg2b were observed in mice immunized with 50microg of pbmc2. measurement of interleukine ... | 2007 | 17055651 |
| anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain. | twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ... | 2007 | 17049686 |
| importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock. | the medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of ... | 0 | 17048307 |
| coinfections acquired from ixodes ticks. | the pathogens that cause lyme disease (ld), human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis can coexist in ixodes ticks and cause human coinfections. although the risk of human coinfection differs by geographic location, the true prevalence of coinfecting pathogens among ixodes ticks remains largely unknown for the majority of geographic locations. the prevalence of dually infected ixodes ticks appears highest among ticks from regions of north america and europe where ld is endemic, with reported prevalences ... | 2006 | 17041141 |
| vaccination of bovines with recombinant boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin. | boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) is an aspartic proteinase found in boophilus microplus eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis and has been tested as antigen to compose an anti-tick vaccine. the vaccine potential of a recombinant byc expressed in escherichia coli (rbyc) was investigated. rbyc was purified and used to immunize hereford cattle. the sera of bovines immunized with rbyc recognized the native byc with a titer ranging from 125 to 4000. furthermore, immunized bovines challenged wi ... | 2006 | 16997384 |
| [cellular types involved in the immune response of females engorged of boophilus microplus inoculated with metarhizium anisopliae and penicillium sp.]. | engorged females of boophilus microplus were inoculated with conidia of the fungi metarhizium anisopliae or penicillium sp. two bioassays constituted of six treatment groups were performed to determine the cells involved in the b. microplus immune response. in the first bioassay there were three different groups: a) engorged females inoculated with penicillium sp. (1.36 x 10⁸ conidia/ml); b) engorged females inoculated with tween 80 at 0.01% water solution; c) testimony group (engorged females n ... | 2006 | 16978479 |
| performance of two bm86 antigen vaccin formulation against tick using crossbreed bovines in stall test. | cattle tick control remains a serious problem for cattle farms in brazil due to the limited success achieved with chemicals. in brazil, the use of vaccines for tick control associated with the use of chemicals and pasture rotation may open possibilities for integrated control. however, it is important to know whether regional boophilus microplus strains are sensitive to antibodies produced by the available antigens: antigen preparations gavac™ and tickgard(plus). the aim of this research was to ... | 2006 | 16978472 |
| [study of foveae dorsales of nymphs and adults of four species of ticks (acari: ixodidae) by scanning electron microscopy]. | the foveae dorsalis, the external opening of the sex pheromone 2,6-dichlorophenol producer gland, of amblyomma cajennense, dermacentor nitens, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus was studied with scanning electron microscopy. at least three specimens from each stage: unfed larvae, nymphs, females and males, and females fed for 4 to 6 days were examined. the foveae dorsales were not observed in larvae and r. (b.) microplus males. the foveae dorsales were observed as p ... | 2006 | 16978471 |
| species diversity and seasonality of free-living ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the natural habitat of wild marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus) in southeastern brazil. | this study evaluated the presence and seasonal activity of free-living ticks in remaining marsh areas by the paraná river, in brazil. eight field trips (once per season) for collection of ticks were performed during 2 years. using co2 traps, dragging, and visual inspection of vegetation, five free-living tick species were collected, in the following order of abundance: amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma triste, amblyomma coelebs, and amblyomma nodosum. the seasonal pattern of a ... | 2007 | 16962241 |
| tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ... | 2006 | 16957192 |
| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against babesia bovis. | a previously developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated b-cell epitope within the c terminus of rhoptry-associated protein 1 of babesia bovis was refined and validated for use internationally. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an assay with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 91.1%, with various negative predictive values depending on the level of dis ... | 2006 | 16957062 |
| confirmation of tick bite by detection of antibody to ixodes calreticulin salivary protein. | ticks introduce a variety of pharmacologically active molecules into their host during attachment and feeding in order to obtain a blood meal. people who are repeatedly exposed to ticks may develop an immune response to tick salivary proteins. despite this response, people usually are unaware of having been bitten, especially if they are not repeatedly exposed to ticks. in order to develop a laboratory marker of tick exposure that would be useful in understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne i ... | 2006 | 16928887 |
| glucose metabolism during embryogenesis of the hard tick boophilus microplus. | glucose metabolism plays an essential role in the physiology and development of almost all living organisms. in the present study we investigated glucose metabolism during the embryogenesis of the hard tick boophilus microplus. an increase in glucose and glycogen content during the embryonic development of b. microplus was detected and shown to be due to the high enzyme activity of both gluconeogenesis and glycolytic pathways. glucose 6-phosphate (g-6p), formed by hexokinase, is driven mainly to ... | 2007 | 16904922 |
| the efficiency of extracts of dahlstedtia pentaphylla (leguminosae, papilionoidae, millettiedae) on boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) in artificially infested bovines. | tests were conducted to assess the efficiency of the roots of dahlstedtia pentaphylla (taub.) burk. (leguminosae, papilionoideae, millettiae) plant against infestations of boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887). these tests were performed on 30 bovine animals in the paraíba valley, state of são paulo, brazil, divided into three groups (control, extract diluted at 1:10 ml and extract diluted at 1:20 ml), after artificial infestation with some 4000 larvae/animal on days -21, -14, -7, -1, 0, 7 and ... | 2006 | 16904267 |
| larval immersion tests with ivermectin in populations of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) from state of sao paulo, brazil. | larval immersion tests (lit) with commercial formulation of ivermectin were carried out with larvae of two field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from commercial dairy farms of the state of sao paulo, brazil and a susceptible strain (porto alegre) to differentiate resistant-suspected and susceptible strains. one of the populations tested (barra alegre) showed a lc(50) value significantly higher than the susceptible strain and a resistance ratio (ci95%) of 3.78 (3.47-4.12), lead ... | 2006 | 16904265 |
| baculovirus expression of bmache3, a cdna encoding an acetylcholinesterase of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the complete cdna sequence encoding a boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) acetylcholinesterase (ache3) was expressed in the baculovirus system. the recombinant ache3 protein (rbmache3) was secreted as a soluble form into the cell culture medium and was identified as a functional ache by substrate specificity and by inhibition with the ache-specific inhibitors eserine sulfate and bw284c51. inhibition kinetics of rbmache3, in the presence of the organophosphate paraoxon, revealed se ... | 2006 | 16892628 |
| genetic structure and evolution of the vps25 family, a yeast escrt-ii component. | vps25p is the product of yeast gene vps25 and is found in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt)-ii, along with vps22p and vps36p. this complex is essential for sorting of ubiquitinated biosynthetic and endosomal cargoes into endosomes. | 2006 | 16889659 |
| rickettsia felis from cat fleas: isolation and culture in a tick-derived cell line. | rickettsia felis, the etiologic agent of spotted fever, is maintained in cat fleas by vertical transmission and resembles other tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae. in the present study, we utilized an ixodes scapularis-derived tick cell line, ise6, to achieve isolation and propagation of r. felis. a cytopathic effect of increased vacuolization was commonly observed in r. felis-infected cells, while lysis of host cells was not evident despite large numbers of rickettsiae. electron microsc ... | 2006 | 16885313 |
| a house dust mite allergen homologue from poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer). | tropomyosin is an allergenic, actin-binding protein and a proposed vaccine candidate from several species of parasite. tropomyosin cdna, obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification from dermanyssus gallinae rna, encoded a predicted protein with 89% and 88% identity to tropomyosins from the ticks boophilus microplus and haemaphysalis longicornis, respectively, and 85% identity to the house dust mite (hdm) tropomyosin der p 10. mouse antibodies raised against hdm tropomyosin reacted ... | 2006 | 16879312 |
| antimicrobial activity in the egg wax of the african cattle tick amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae). | eggs of the tick amblyomma hebraeum koch (acari: ixodidae) inhibited the growth of escherichia coli and serratia marcescens (gram-negative bacteria) in solid culture, but not the growth of staphylococcus epidermidis, and only marginally the growth of bacillus subtilis (gram-positive bacteria). when egg wax was extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1), the extract contained antibacterial activity, but the denuded eggs did not. when assayed against bacteria in liquid culture, the aqueous phase inh ... | 2006 | 16874555 |
| changes in climate and habitat suitability for the cattle tick boophilus microplus in its southern neotropical distribution range. | we addressed the possible effects of several climate scenarios on habitat suitability (hs) for the cattle tick boophilus microplus and the probability of producing permanent populations from introduced females of that tick in central parts of argentina, using both a correlative model (derived from climate predictors) and a mechanistic (life cycle) model. there was high correlation (r2 = 0.866) between hs-derived and life cycle outputs for hs values higher than 0.52, suggesting that hs is a good ... | 2006 | 16859105 |
| [in vitro efficacy of comercial formulations of ixocidides in engorged female of boophilus microplus collected of dairy cattle at paraíba valey in the state of são paulo]. | laboratory trials were realized between the year 2001 at 2004 to evaluate the efficacy of commercial ixodicides against samples of boophilus microplus collected of dairy bovines in 17 properties of eight cities at paraíba valey region, state of são paulo brazil. the trials was performed against engorged female using immersion technique. it was evidenced low efficacy of products of the chemical groups synthetic pyrethroid (28.24%) and amitraz (47.19%). the best efficacy was presented by products ... | 2006 | 16834895 |
| compatibility of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae and deltamethrin to control a resistant strain of boophilus microplus tick. | the tick boophilus microplus causes economic impact to cattle producers and has a great capacity to develop resistance to chemical acaricides. it is very important the development of new techniques to complement the control of this parasitosis. biological control is a promising option to maintain acceptable levels of tick populations in cattle. therefore, the present study evaluated the association of deltamethrin and the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against b. microplus larvae ... | 2006 | 16815637 |
| a case of histologically diagnosed tick infestation on the scalp of a korean child. | a scalp mass surgically excised from a 4-year-old korean boy was identified as a tick through histological observations. in sections of the mass, characteristic features of a tick, including its gross contour, cuticular structures, well developed musculature and salivary glands, and the capitulum, were discovered. in particular, the capitulum is anteriorly protruded, which strongly suggests that the specimen be a hard tick of family ixodidae. however, the present histological features were not e ... | 2006 | 16809965 |
| bmcystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor characterized from the tick boophilus microplus. | the bovine tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood-sucking animal, which is responsible for babesia spp and anaplasma marginale transmission for cattle. from a b. microplus fat body cdna library, 465 selected clones were sequenced randomly and resulted in 60 contigs. an open reading frame (orf) contains 98 amino acids named bmcystatin, due to 70% amino acid identity to a classical type 1 cystatin from ixodes scapularis tick (genbank accession no. ). the bmcystatin amino acid sequence ... | 2006 | 16806070 |
| relationship between glutathione s-transferase, catalase, oxygen consumption, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acarina: ixodidae). | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are enzymes that act in excretion of physiologic and xenobiotic substances, protecting cells against chemical toxicity and stress. in this work, we characterized the enzymatic activity of gst in eggs and larvae of cattle tick boophilus microplus, on different days after oviposition and eclosion. the results showed that the gst activity varied depending on the time elapsed after oviposition and eclosion. molecules involved in mechanism of protection from oxidativ ... | 2007 | 16798037 |
| comparative structure-activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships of insect kinins on two heterologous receptor-expressing systems is described. previously, kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and the dengue vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), were functionally and stably expressed in cho-k1 cells. in order to determine which kinin residues are critical for the peptide-receptor interaction, kinin core analogs were synthesized as an ala-replacement seri ... | 2006 | 16783824 |
| prevalence and potential risk factors for amitraz resistance in boophilus microplus ticks in cattle farms in the state of yucatan, mexico. | southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus, control in the mexican tropics is based on the application by spray, dip or pour-on of acaricides. in mexico the first report of ticks resistant to amitraz was reported in 2002. amitraz resistance affecting the cattle industry of yucatan state, mexico, has not been investigated. a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to investigate the possible association between management risk factors and the prevalence of b. microplus ticks resistant to am ... | 2006 | 16730819 |
| identification and partial purification of serologically defined boophilus microplus larval antigens by natural ectoparasite exposure. | in an effort to identify life-stage specific boophilus microplus proteins that elicit a humoral response in cattle, soluble proteins were extracted from 10- to 14-day-old larvae and subsequently fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. several antigens were identified by western blotting as potentially shared with other ixodid tick species since antibodies to these proteins were present in sera of calves not previously exposed to b. mic ... | 2006 | 16650598 |
| [alcoholic extract of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) on the control of boophilus microplus in cattle]. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) alcoholic extracts on the control of boophilus microplus in naturally infested holstein cows. twelve animals were allocated in three groups of four animals. group 1 was treated with amitraz at 0.025%, group 2 was treated with lemongrass extracts at 1.36% and group 3 with the same product at 2.72% of the plant. engorged ticks were evaluated on animals with length superior to 4.0 mm, before (mean of days -3 ... | 2006 | 16647001 |
| bovine cd2-/nkp46+ cells are fully functional natural killer cells with a high activation status. | natural killer (nk) cells in the cow have been elusive due to the lack of specific nk cell markers, and various criteria including a cd3-/cd2+ phenotype have been used to identify such cells. the recent characterization of the nk-specific nkp46 receptor has allowed a more precise definition of bovine nk cells. nk cells are known as a heterogeneous cell group, and we here report the first functional study of bovine nk cell subsets, based on the expression of cd2. | 2006 | 16643649 |
| the impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in limpopo province, south africa. | a 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the bushbuckridge region, limpopo province, south africa. the main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) and anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. to this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were ass ... | 2005 | 16642719 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae): acid phosphatase and atpase activities localization in salivary glands of females during the feeding period. | this study investigates the presence and the localization of acid phosphatase and atpase in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus female ticks during feeding. semi-engorged females showed a larger amount of acid phosphatase compared to those at beginning of feeding, localized mainly in the apical portion of the secretory cells, and in the basal labyrinth of the interstitial cells. ultrastructural observations also demonstrated its presence in secretion granules and inside so ... | 2006 | 16624309 |
| structural and cytochemical changes in the salivary glands of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) tick female during feeding. | this study describes the morphology of salivary glands of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus female ticks at beginning of feeding (24-48 h of attachment) and semi-engorged (4-5 days of attachment) to verify the degenerative characteristics of these organs and the secretory phase in which the process begins. at the beginning of feeding, secretion granules had been observed only in the cytoplasm of cells b, c1, c2, c4 (type ii acinus) and d (type iii acinus), as well as large nuclei with regular ... | 2006 | 16621295 |
| the distribution and ecological preferences of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in mexico. | this paper focuses on the distribution of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, in mexico. the study is aimed to understand the climate factors responsible of the recorded distribution that can statistically define the suitable habitat for the tick. sites where the tick is recorded display significantly higher values of some climate variables in comparison with those where the tick is absent, namely mean monthly temperature (t) and atmospheric water vapour (w), yearly accumulated t, w and rainfa ... | 2006 | 16612672 |
| boophilus microplus: its saliva contains microphilin, a small thrombin inhibitor. | saliva of the cattle tick boophilus microplus contains two thrombin inhibitors, bmap and microphilin. this work presents the purification and characterization of microphilin. it was purified from the saliva by gel filtration, ultrafiltration through a 3 kda cut-off membrane and affinity chromatography in a thrombin-sepharose column. analysis by mass spectrometry showed a molecular mass of 1770 da. microphilin is the smallest salivary thrombin inhibitor peptide known to date. it inhibits fibrinoc ... | 2006 | 16600217 |
| comparison of the reproductive biology between acaricide-resistant and acaricide-susceptible rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the reproductive fitness of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) strains resistant to organophosphate (op), pyrethroid (p), or formamidine (f) acaricides was compared to an acaricide-susceptible (sus) strain to determine whether the acquisition of resistance affected reproductive fitness in the resistant strains. the sus strain females had a 3.0 days preoviposition period, a 12.1 days oviposition period, a 22.5 days egg incubation period, a mean of 3670 eggs per female, and a mean pe ... | 2006 | 16584844 |
| kinetics of energy source utilization in boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) embryonic development. | the present work evaluates the kinetics of utilization of the main potential energy sources throughout the embryonic developmental stages of boophilus microplus. the embryonic development of this arthropod is completed in 21 days. cellularization of the blastoderm occurs on the 6th day and is rapidly followed by germ band extension and segmentation, whose first signs are visible on the 7th day. cellularization is typically a maternal-driven process, carried out by molecular determinants deposite ... | 2006 | 16569482 |
| cross-sectional survey of ixodid tick species on grazing cattle in japan. | ixodid tick species were collected from cattle in 60 grazing fields throughout japan. haemaphysalis longicornis was mainly recovered in the western and southern regions, while ixodes species were collected mainly in the central to northern regions. other tick species such as amblyomma testudinarium, boophilus microplus, h. flava and h. kitaokai were identified from a few fields in the central and southern regions. haemaphysalis longicornis were recovered in the fields with higher temperatures an ... | 2006 | 16550336 |
| exposed and concealed antigens as vaccine targets for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases. | tick vaccines derived from bm86, a midgut membrane-bound protein of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, are currently the only commercially available ectoparasite vaccines. despite its introduction to the market in 1994, and the recognized need for alternatives to chemical pesticides, progress in developing effective antitick vaccines (and ectoparasite vaccines in general) is slow. the primary rate-limiting step is the identification of suitable antigenic targets for vaccine development. two s ... | 2006 | 16542317 |
| white-tailed deer as hosts of cattle fever-ticks. | a penned study for obtaining definitive information on the status of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) as a host for cattle feverticks (boophilus microplus) was conducted on st. croix of the u.s. virgin islands. four generations of fever-ticks were propagated on one deer during a six month period. nine wild white-tailed deer also were collected from four insular estates to evaluate the carrier status of these animals on an island where cattle fever-ticks are indigenous. two deer were in ... | 1970 | 16512152 |
| sequencing a new target genome: the boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) genome project. | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. the availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are p ... | 2006 | 16506442 |
| tick vitellin is dephosphorylated by a protein tyrosine phosphatase during egg development: effect of dephosphorylation on vt proteolysis. | vitellin (vt) is a phospholipoglycoprotein that is the main component of arthropod egg yolk. phosphorylation is a recurrent feature of every vt molecule described so far. however, the role played by such post-translational modification during egg development is not yet clear. in the eggs of the hard tick boophilus microplus, vt is a phosphotyrosine-containing protein. vt-phosphotyrosine residues are gradually removed during tick embryogenesis due to the action of a 45 kda egg tyrosine phosphatas ... | 2006 | 16503481 |
| rickettsia africae in the west indies. | rickettsia africae is the agent of african tick-bite fever, a mild but common disease of local persons and tourists in africa. the major vector of this spotted fever group rickettsia is most likely amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick, which has become widely distributed through the west indies in the last 30 years. this report reviews all available information on r. africae in the west indies. | 2006 | 16494746 |
| the productivity effects of cattle tick (boophilus microplus) infestation on cattle, with particular reference to bos indicus cattle and their crosses. | in response to uncertainty among cattle producers in australia regarding the need to treat bos indicus and b. indicus crossbreeds, the scientific literature relating to the productivity effects of boophilus microplus on cattle of all breeds was reviewed. estimates of the mean effect of each engorging tick (damage coefficient, d) were made from a simple analysis of the reported data. on average, each engorging female tick is responsible for the loss of 1.37 +/- 0.25 g bodyweight in b. taurus catt ... | 2006 | 16472920 |
| development of specific immunoglobulin ga (igga) and iggb antibodies correlates with control of parasitemia in babesia equi infection. | in this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin g (igg) isotypes were characterized in babesia equi (theileria equi)-infected horses. igga and iggb developed during acute infection, whereas igg(t) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. the same igg isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization. | 2006 | 16467341 |
| roles played by esterase activity and by a sodium channel mutation involved in pyrethroid resistance in populations of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from yucatan, mexico. | pyrethroid resistance in boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) was studied by correlating discriminating-dose (dd) bioassay results and esterase activity or the frequency of a sodium channel mutation known to be involved in pyrethroid resistance in nine field strains of b. microplus from yucatan, mexico. two tick strains (p67 and b74) were identified as susceptible to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and flumethrin by dd, one strain (p65) was susceptible to cypermethrin and resistant to ... | 2005 | 16465743 |
| novel genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma centrale, and a novel ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in japan. | wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of several species of ehrlichia and anaplasma that cause human ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis in the united states and europe. the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether and what species of ehrlichia and anaplasma naturally infect deer in japan. blood samples obtained from wild deer on two major japanese islands, hokkaido and honshu, were tested for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by pcr assays and sequencing of ... | 2006 | 16461655 |
| [space-temporal distribution of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) ticks analyzed by geoprocessing in the municipality of seropédica, state of rio de janeiro, brazil]. | the geo-environmental system of the federal university of rio de janeiro was used with the objective of analyzing the space-temporal distribution of boophilus microplus ticks in the municipality of seropédica in different types of pasture, breeding and animal density. geo-environmental variables, climatic parameters, type of pasture, breeding and animal densities were evaluated and the results were signed. the pasture areas were categorized as very favorable, favorable, little favorable and unfa ... | 2005 | 16445874 |
| an unexpected inhibitory activity of kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor derived from boophilus microplus trypsin inhibitor on cathepsin l. | several bpti-kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors were described in tick boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus species. in this work, we present a synthetic gene based on two tick bpti-kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors, the first domain of b. microplus trypsin inhibitor-a (bmti-a) and the carrapatin, the inhibitors were named bmtisint and bmtisint mut. our present results showed that bmtisint and bmtisint mut inhibited trypsin (k(i) 3.3 and 1.0 nm) and human plasma kallikre ... | 2006 | 16414023 |
| prevalence and potential risk factors for organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in boophilus microplus ticks on cattle ranches from the state of yucatan, mexico. | a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to investigate the association between management risk factors and the prevalence of organophosphate (op) and synthetic pyrethroid (sp) resistance in boophilus microplus ticks in yucatan state, mexico. ninety-eight cattle ranches were randomly selected and a sample of 20-30 engorged female b. microplus ticks was collected at each. the modified larvae packet test was used to detect op and sp tick resistance. a questionnaire was administered on each ... | 2006 | 16413971 |
| development of an expression vector for metarhizium anisopliae based on the tef-1alpha homologous promoter. | the high-conserved translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1alpha) gene from the enthomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae was characterized to select the promoter region. a 640-bp dna fragment upstream to the start codon was employed to drive the expression of the reporter protein sgfp or a dominant selectable marker, the gene bar (resistance to ammonium glufosinate). transformants carrying this homologous promoter system showed no difference in virulence bioassays against the cattle t ... | 2006 | 16402168 |
| allergenic activity of an esterase from boophilus microplus. | 1976 | 16386055 | |
| study on morphology, pathogenicity, and genetic variability of beauveria bassiana isolates obtained from boophilus microplus tick. | fifty isolates of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, 1912 (ascomycota: clavicipitaceae) were analyzed by morphology, for their pathogenic potential to boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) larvae, and by random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction technique. morphological analysis demonstrated that isolates present characteristics compatible to those described for b. bassiana in the literature. virulence test demonstrated that all isolates present lethal ef ... | 2006 | 16374618 |
| first report of organophosphate-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) within the united states. | boophilus microplus (canestrini), collected from starr county, texas, were determined to be resistant to the organophosphorus acaricides coumaphos and diazinon. initial bioassay results from wild-collected ticks produced a probit regression slope (se) of 3.96 (0.22), which was different from that obtained from a susceptible reference population 6.97 (0.38). resistance ratios (rrs) (95% ci) indicated that the population was resistant to coumaphos 3.6 (3.4-3.8), 5.0 (4.5-5.5), and 6.5 (5.4-7.7) at ... | 2005 | 16363176 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of an aspartic protease from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | haemaphysalis longicornis cdna encoding an aspartic protease (longepsin) was identified from a midgut cdna library. the longepsin cdna contains 1176bp that code for 392 amino acid residues with a predictable molecular weight of 39.3kda. the cdna has a signal peptide sequence associated with the n-terminal domains and domain structure analysis revealed that the deduced protein has two aspartic acid residues that are characteristic of a single active site for aspartic proteases. this novel longeps ... | 2006 | 16360947 |
| evolution and origin of merlin, the product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (nf2) tumor-suppressor gene. | merlin, the product of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (nf2) tumor suppressor gene, belongs to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (erm) subgroup of the protein 4.1 superfamily, which links cell surface glycoproteins to the actin cytoskeleton. while merlin's functional activity has been examined in mammalian and drosophila models, little is understood about its evolution, diversity, and overall distribution among different taxa. | 2005 | 16324214 |
| morphological alterations of metarhizium anisopliae during penetration of boophilus microplus ticks. | chronological histological alterations of metarhizium anisopliae during interaction with the cattle tick boophilus microplus were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. m. anisopliae invades b. microplus by a process which involves adhesion of conidia to the cuticle, conidia germination, formation of appressoria and penetration through the cuticle. twenty-four hours post-infection conidia are adhered and germination starts on the surface of the tick. at this time, the conidia di ... | 2005 | 16323053 |
| the molecular and biological analysis of ixodid ticks histamine release factors. | we previously described a dermacentor varibialis (dv) cdna that encodes a ubiquitously expressed and tick saliva-secreted functional histamine release factor (hrf) homolog. in this study gene specific primers based on dvhrf open reading frame nucleotide sequence were utilized to amplify three orthologs, from the wood tick, d. andersoni (da), the black legged tick, the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (bm) and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (aa). at nucleotide level, sequence c ... | 2005 | 16323052 |
| polymorphism of the bm86 gene in south american strains of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | thirty boophilus microplus strains from various geographic regions of brazil, argentina, uruguay, venezuela and colombia were analyzed for the bm86 and bm95 gene. a fragment of cdna of 794 base pairs of the parasite larvae, included between nucleotides 278-1071s, was amplified and cloned on the pgem-t vector. two random clones were sequenced for each population and the nucleotides 278-1071 and predicted amino acid sequences compared with the bm86 and bm95 genes. variations from 1.76 to 3.65% wer ... | 2005 | 16323051 |
| mode of inheritance of amitraz resistance in a brazilian strain of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), has developed resistance to amitraz in several countries in recent years. a study was conducted at the usda cattle fever tick research laboratory in texas to investigate the mode of inheritance of amitraz resistance with cross-mating experiments. the muñoz strain, a laboratory reared acaricide-susceptible reference strain, was used as the susceptible parent and the santa luiza strain, originating in brazil, was used as the resistant par ... | 2005 | 16323050 |