Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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trichinosis outbreak after ingestion of barbecued badger. | 1999 | 10575152 | |
role of steroid hormones in trichinella spiralis infection among voles. | males are generally more susceptible to parasite infection than females. this sex difference may reflect the suppressive effects of testosterone and enhancing effects of estradiol on immune function. this study characterized the role of circulating steroid hormones in sex differences after infection with the nematode trichinella spiralis. because testosterone suppresses immune function and because polygynous males have higher circulating testosterone concentrations than monogamous males, sex dif ... | 1999 | 10564208 |
gut intraepithelial lymphocytes and immunity to coccidia. | little is known about the physiological functions of the intra-epithelial lymphocytes (iels) of mucosal tissues, including their role in immunity to infection. most iels are t cells, but their surface phenotype and activation characteristics are different from those of peripheral t cells. here, vincent mcdonald outlines the distinctive features of iels and presents evidence, particularly from studies of coccidia, that these cells have an important role in the control of intracellular infection a ... | 1999 | 10557148 |
helminthic food-borne infections. | the importance of food-borne helminthic infections is not well recognized and has not received the same attention as food-borne bacterial infections. poverty, overpopulation, and cultural practices contribute to conditions that maintain food-borne helminthic infections. the development of better means of transportation and the ease of reaching otherwise inaccessible markets have increased significantly our risk of coming in contact with food containing infectious organisms. the education of indu ... | 1999 | 10549430 |
modulation by anapsos (polypodium leucotomos extract) of the antibody responses against the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. | the immunomodulant effects of anapsos, an extract of the naturally occurring fern polypodium leucotomos was assessed in balb/c mice immunized with a crude soluble extract (cse) of trichinella spiralis l1 larvae. treatment from day 10 to 1 prior to immunization caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in total antibody levels (igg + m) that was evident from week 2 onwards. suppression of the igg1 response was transient, as serum levels were significantly (p < 0. 01) decreased in treated animals ... | 1999 | 10548747 |
cd4 t cells and major histocompatibility complex class ii expression influence worm expulsion and increased intestinal muscle contraction during trichinella spiralis infection. | expulsion of intestinal nematode parasites and the associated increased contraction by intestinal muscle are t cell dependent, since both are attenuated in athymic rodents. the cd4 t-cell subset has been strongly associated with worm expulsion; however, the relationship between these cells, antigen presentation, and worm expulsion is not definitive and the role of these factors in intestinal muscle hypercontractility has not been defined. we infected c57bl/6, athymic, cd4-deficient, cd8alpha-def ... | 1999 | 10531271 |
influence of infection intensity on predilection sites in swine trichinellosis. | the muscular distribution of trichinella spiralis or t. britovi was studied by digestion in 59 experimentally infected pigs and seven wild boars. crus muscle was the predilection site in 89.3% of 28 heavily infected swine with 146-3634 larvae per gram (lpg), but in 51.6% of middle to light infections (0.005-59 lpg) the basis of the tongue showed higher larval densities than the crus muscle. the basis of the tongue was also the predilection site in 71.4% of wild boars. highest counts in other mus ... | 1999 | 10526418 |
predilection sites of trichinella spiralis larvae in naturally infected horses. | a total of 120 muscle tissues from three horses naturally infected with trichinella spiralis were examined. the head was the most infected site. in particular, the muscles harbouring the highest number of larvae were: musculus buccinator (12, 411 and 1183 larvae g-1), the tongue (11, 615 and 1749 larvae g-1), m. levator labii maxillaris (17,582 and 1676 larvae g-1), and the masseter (4.9, 289 and 821 larvae g-1). compared with the diaphragm, the number of larvae per gram was from 3.5 to 6.8 time ... | 1999 | 10526416 |
identification of trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i gene. | we developed a polymerase chain reaction based approach using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i to identify nine genotypes (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi-european strains, trichinella britovi-japanese strains, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella t5, trichinella t6, trichinella t8 and trichinella pseudospiralis) in the genus trichinella. partial mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i genes of nine genot ... | 1999 | 10501621 |
trypanosome-induced suppression of responses to trichinella spiralis in vaccinated mice. | mice vaccinated against the gastro-intestinal (gi) nematode trichinella spiralis by injection of muscle larval homogenate antigen express a strong immunity to subsequent infection, reflected in earlier expulsion of adult worms from the intestine and reduced female worm fecundity. infection with trypanosoma brucei at the time of vaccination, or at the time of infection with t. spiralis, significantly reduced the level of immunity expressed, the effect being greatest when vaccination and t. brucei ... | 1999 | 10501612 |
effects of aging on resistance to trichinella spiralis infection in rodents exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. | immune function, including resistance to infection, decreases as humans and rodents age. we have shown that preinfection exposure of young (9-11 weeks) mice or rats to tcdd decreased resistance to trichinella spiralis (ts) infection, expressed as delayed onset or completion of parasite elimination and as increased muscle burdens of larvae. it has also been shown that aged mice express lower constitutive levels of resistance to ts infection, compared to young adult animals. this study tested the ... | 1999 | 10499847 |
characteristics of inflammation-induced hypertrophy of rat intestinal smooth muscle cell. | inflammation of the human intestine causes thickening of the smooth muscle layers, and studies in rats infected with trichinella spiralis (tsp) have shown hyperplasia of the intestinal smooth muscle cells (ismc). we have shown that tsp-induced inflammation caused a fivefold increase in total protein per ismc over control, while ismc from the noninflamed distal ileum also showed a threefold increase. the amount of alpha-smooth muscle (sm) actin per ismc increased nearly 500% over control by posti ... | 1999 | 10489904 |
using heat shock proteins as indicators of the immune function in wistar rats during a secondary trichinella spiralis infection. | the muscle, liver, brain and spleen tissues from wistar rats with either a primary trichinella spiralis infection alone, or reinfected 45 days after primary infection, were collected at days 1, 7, 14, 20 and 27 post reinfection. they were then assayed for levels of four heat shock proteins (hsps), i.e. hsp90, hsp70, hsp60 and hsp25. detection and quantitation of the separate hsps in tissue specimens were achieved using western blot and image analysis technique, respectively. the results show tha ... | 1999 | 10488729 |
epidemiological analysis of trichinella spiralis infections of foxes in brandenburg, germany. | in a cross-sectional study conducted between march 1993 and february 1995, 7103 indiscriminately collected foxes were examined for trichinella larvae. a total of 3295 serum samples were serologically investigated with an elisa based on excretory-secretory antigen. the proportion of serologically positive animals ranged between 3.3% and 17.6% in random samples from individual counties or towns and resulted in an estimated overall prevalence of 7.7% (95% ci: 6.9-8.7%). trichinella larvae were dete ... | 1999 | 10487650 |
vitamin b6-deficient diet plus 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-dpd) reduces the inflammatory response induced by t. spiralis in diaphragm, masseter and heart muscle tissue of mice. | animals fed diets deficient in vitamin b6 develop microcytic anemia, alterations of growth, and other pathologies. 4-deoxypirydoxine is a potent antagonist of vitamin b6 coenzyme which depresses il-1, tnf and il-6 and has anti-inflammatory properties. the aim of this study was to show the anti-inflammatory effects of 4-dpd on chronic inflammation caused by the nematode parasite t. spiralis, specifically on the recruitment and the activation of inflammatory cells. two groups of mice, 6 weeks of a ... | 1999 | 10485327 |
chemokines in inflammatory states. | chemokines probably mediate inflammation in asthma by acting on endothelial cells, alveolar cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes, which are inhibited by corticosteroids. in 1995, we found that mcp-1 provokes mast cell aggregation and [3h]5ht-release in cultured mast cells. in another study, mcp-1 and rantes revealed to have a potent chemoattractive effect on basophilic cells originating from the rat skin. in this inflammatory model, rantes also attra ... | 1999 | 10476317 |
heparin is essential for the storage of specific granule proteases in mast cells. | all mammals produce heparin, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan that is a major constituent of the secretory granules of mast cells which are found in the peritoneal cavity and most connective tissues. although heparin is one of the most studied molecules in the body, its physiological function has yet to be determined. here we describe transgenic mice, generated by disrupting the n-deacetylase/n-sulphotransferase-2 gene, that cannot express fully sulphated heparin. the mast cells in the ske ... | 1999 | 10466726 |
detection of trichinellosis in pigs by artificial digestion and enzyme immunoassay. | the objective of this study was to demonstrate the reliability of current and proposed methods for the inspection of swine and other species for infection with the parasite trichinella spiralis. five groups of pigs were infected with doses of 2500, 500, 100, 50, and 20 t. spiralis larvae to establish moderate and low-level infections. pigs were bled periodically during the study for samples to be tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia). at the conclusion of the study, pigs were slaughtered and tissue ... | 1996 | 10463449 |
effects of salmeterol on host resistance to trichinella spiralis in rats. | salmeterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist. the compound has previously been screened for immunotoxic potential in a repeated dose toxicity study in rats for 28 days. the total serum igg levels were increased at dose levels of 2 and 10 mg/kg/day. presently, salmeterol was studied in an immune function assay addressing the host resistance to trichinella spiralis parasites. rats were daily treated with salmeterol for 28 days at dose levels of 0, 2, 6 and 10 mg/kg/day. on day 29, the ... | 1999 | 10458541 |
dominance of immunoglobulin g2c in the antiphosphorylcholine response of rats infected with trichinella spiralis. | the antibody response to the l1 stage of trichinella spiralis has been described as biphasic. worms resident in the intestine during the first week of infection stimulate an antibody response against a subset of larval proteins. l1 larvae in the muscle at the end stage of infection stimulate a second antibody response against tyvelose-bearing glycoproteins. antityvelose antibodies protect rats against challenge infection with larvae. the aim of this study was to characterize the rat b-cell respo ... | 1999 | 10456913 |
second generation effects of maternal ethanol consumption on immunity to trichinella spiralis in female rats. | the deleterious effects of maternal ethanol consumption on neonatal immune development and early immune responses has been well documented. however, the effects of such neonatal exposure to maternally consumed ethanol on the neonates' immune responses in their adult life, especially in combination with additional ethanol exposure, has received little attention. for these experiments, female rats were fed on either 6% ethanol or pair-fed isocaloric control lieber-decarli liquid diets for 30 days ... | 1999 | 10456580 |
il-5 contributes to worm expulsion and muscle hypercontractility in a primary t. spiralis infection. | enteric nematode infections lead to increased interleukin (il)-5 expression, eosinophilic inflammation, and intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility. although eosinophils release inflammatory mediators that cause smooth muscle contraction, the role of il-5 and eosinophils in enteric smooth muscle hypercontractility is unclear. il-5-deficient mice and their wild-type controls were infected with the nematode trichinella spiralis. intestinal parasites and eosinophils were counted, and jejunal lo ... | 1999 | 10444455 |
the temporal relationship among anti-parasite immune elements expressed during the early phase of infection of the rat with trichinella spiralis. | immunological parameters were measured during the first 20 days of infection with trichinella spiralis in the rat. expulsion of adult worms was complete by day 15 postinfection. eosinophil and neutrophil numbers rose in the blood of infected rats above preinfection levels on days 3 and 6, respectively, and remained high to day 20 postinfection. release of cytokines by trichinella-antigen-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells was measured, and a significant elevation in interferon (ifn)-gamma re ... | 1999 | 10431731 |
trichinella nativa in sylvatic wild boars. | of 17 trichinella isolates from domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in regions where trichinella nativa is widespread among sylvatic animals, two wild boars from estonia were found to be naturally infected with this trichinella species. the other 15 animals were infected with trichinella spiralis. trichinella nativa is tolerant to freezing when in the muscles of carnivores. the biological characteristics and temperature tolerance of this species in swine need to be further investigated if ... | 1999 | 10431373 |
a panel of antigens of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis as revealed by two-dimensional western blot and immunoelectron microscopy. | this study characterized antigens of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis muscle larvae recognized by mice infected with the worms. two-dimensional (2-d) western blot analysis revealed some profile of antigenic peptides including: (1) molecular weight (mw); (2) isoelectric points (pi), (3) reactivity to well-defined monoclonal antibodies (mab) and (4) cross-reactivity between the 2 species. antigenic peptides of t. spiralis consisted of about 100 spots. the mw ranged from 22 to 80 kda, and ... | 1999 | 10406040 |
shock response induced in rat brain and spleen during primary infection with trichinella spiralis larvae. | an infection approach was adopted for examining consequential heat shock (hs) or stress response in brain and spleen tissues from wistar rats. stress in this system was due to interactions with the infecting helminth, trichinella spiralis, or its body-dwelling larval stages, or products thereof. it was argued that in the infection model used, elements effecting stress in the brain would differ from those in the spleen. hs responses were measured by quantitation of 4 levels of hs proteins (hsp25, ... | 1999 | 10406039 |
replacements in the exposed loop of the t15 antibody vh cdr2 affect carrier recognition of pc-containing pathogens. | a panel of mutant antibodies of the phosphocholine (pc)-binding antibody, t15, was tested for binding to pc-protein, streptococcus pneumoniae, trichinella spiralis and ascaris suum. relative to wildtype t15, all the mutant antibodies showed differential recognition of the panel of pc-associated antigens. these mutant antibodies contain amino acid replacements in the cdr2 region of the heavy chain variable region, indicating the importance of cdr2 in recognition of carrier determinants. a model o ... | 1999 | 10403486 |
[trichinosis in 1997]. | the decreasing trend in human trichnellosis can be observed during last years in poland, what is the result of proper meat control. the presence of trichinella endemic areas in the north-east part of the country still determines the necessity of the meat survey against trichinella spiralis in poland. | 1999 | 10402862 |
igg, igg1 and igm response in trichinella spiralis-infected mice treated with 4-deoxypirydoxine or fed a vitamin b6-deficient diet. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyridoxine (vitamin b6) deficiency on the immunological response of balb/c mice infected with the parasite t. spiralis. specific anti-parasite igm and igg immunoglobulins were detected by elisa method in the serum of treated animals at different periods for 60 days post infection. vitamin b6-deficiency was induced in two separate groups of mice by either (1) maintaining the mice on a vitamin b6-deficient synthetic pellet diet for 40 days bef ... | 1999 | 10391123 |
cloning and characterization of rab and ran/tc4 cdna clones in trichinella spp. | the cloning and characterization of seven rab and three ran/tc4 partial cdna sequences in both cystic (trichinella spiralis and t. britovi) and noncystic species (t. pseudospiralis) are reported. these molecules were cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends via polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr), using cdna from the aforementioned trichinella spp. coupled to the ap1 adaptor. as primers, ap1 and 5b (derived from the wdtagqe sequence of region 2 specific for rab and ran proteins) sequences wer ... | 1999 | 10382614 |
nematode-induced jejunal inflammation in the ferret causes long-term changes in excitatory neuromuscular responses. | enteric infections in animals and humans have proven the link between mucosal inflammation and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. the goal of the present investigation was to study the long-term effects of mucosal inflammation on the neuromuscular functions of the small intestine in a ferret model of primary trichinella spiralis infection. myeloperoxidase activity and isometric contractions of isolated jejunal muscles were studied on days 8, 30, and 60 postinfection (pi). the peak increase in m ... | 1999 | 10381764 |
factors affecting the efficiency of pooled sample digestion for the recovery of trichinella spiralis from muscle tissue. | inspection for trichinella spiralis in pork, horse and game meats is an important part of veterinary public health programmes in many countries. variations of the pooled sample digestion test are the most widely used methods of inspection for this parasite. in this study, several aspects of the test, including sample preparation, reagent concentration and sample processing were examined for effect on test efficiency. current methods using sample blending were equivalent or superior to sample gri ... | 1999 | 10375137 |
the surface coat of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis. | the surface coat of the infective larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis was characterized with respect to its biophysical properties, morphology and composition. labelling of larvae with the fluorescent surface probe pkh26 was lost after activation (by incubation in mammalian medium containing trypsin and bile), or following pronase treatment. electron microscopical examination revealed that pronase treatment resulted in the loss of an amorphous surface layer only, further demons ... | 1999 | 10363284 |
variability of the intestinal immunoglobulin e response of rats to infection with trichinella spiralis, heligmosomoides polygyrus or nippostrongylus brasiliensis. | total intestinal ige level increased in rats infected with trichinella spiralis or heligmosomoides polygyrus (peak levels of 2.6 microg and 3.7 microg, respectively), but not in rats infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis. intestinal implantation of young adult n. brasiliensis did not stimulate an intestinal immunoglobulin (ig)e response, suggesting that mucosal penetration may be required for local intestinal ige responses in rats. during a t. spiralis infection, total ige levels in the int ... | 1999 | 10354351 |
structural relationships between immune cells and longitudinal muscle during a trichinella spiralis infection in the rat intestine. | a trichinella spiralis infection produces an acute inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in the mucosa, and, in addition, functional changes occur in the external muscle layers. the aim of the present study was to characterize structural changes in the musculature that occur during early infection, and to identify relationships between immune cells and muscle cells, as part of an ongoing investigation into the immune modulation of motor function in the gut. rats were infected with t. spiralis ... | 1999 | 10354343 |
identification and characterization of excreted-secreted products and surface coat antigens of animal and plant-parasitic nematodes. | nematode surface coat (sc) proteins and excreted-secreted products (e-s) are likely to play important roles in the host-parasite interaction and considerable similarities can be found in sc proteins and e-s products from certain plant and animal parasitic nematodes. monoclonal antibodies raised to e-s products of plant-parasitic nematodes were shown to cross-react with e-s products and the surface coats of the animal parasites trichinella spiralis and haemonchus contortus. most of the antibodies ... | 1999 | 10340331 |
the role of urocanic acid in uvb-induced suppression of immunity to trichinella spiralis infection in the rat. | the naturally occurring trans-isomer of urocanic acid (trans-uca), found in the stratum corneum, absorbs ultraviolet light (uv) and isomerizes to the cis-form. cis-uca has been shown to impair some cellular immune responses, and has been proposed as an initiator of the suppression that follows uv irradiation. uvb exposure leads to an increase in cis-uca in the skin of rats from about 10% to 40% of the total uca. previously it has been demonstrated that uvb lowers immune responses to trichinella ... | 1999 | 10233709 |
prevalence and risk association for trichinella infection in domestic pigs in the northeastern united states. | to determine trichinella infection in a selected group of farm raised pigs, 4078 pigs from 156 farms in new england and new jersey, employing various management styles, were selected based on feed type (grain, regulated waste, non-regulated waste). the number of pigs bled from each farm were based on detecting infection assuming a 0.05 prevalence rate. serum was tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to trichinella spiralis. seropositive pigs were tested by digestion at slaughter (wh ... | 1999 | 10223350 |
rapid anti-helminthic response of b lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosal tissues of rats. | b cell response to trichinella spiralis (ts) adult antigen (ag) was studied in rats 1-20 days postinfection. b cell recoveries from the mesenteric lymph node (mln), peyer's patches (pp), thoracic duct lymph (tdl), and the spleen were determined by facs analysis and ag-specific antibody-producing cells (ab-pc) in these tissues were enumerated using the immunoplaque assay. total b cell numbers increased 2-70 times from day 3 postinfection in the mln and tdl obtained from mln-resected rats (mx) and ... | 1999 | 10202113 |
[trichinosis; trichinellosis]. | 1999 | 10201259 | |
interaction of ivermectin with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | the value of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor of nematodes as a target for ivermectin's mode of action remains unclear. using binding assays, we examined extracts from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae for the presence of [3h]-ivermectin and [3h]-gaba binding sites. tissue preparations displayed affinity binding sites for [3h]-ivermectin with a dissociation constant (kd) of 83 nm and a receptor density (bmax) of 145 fmol/mg protein. we also identified a specific [3h]-gaba binding act ... | 1999 | 10099015 |
trichinella spiralis: the infectivity of synchronous newborn larvae of different ages inoculated intraocularly. | trichinella spiralis infection results in the transformation of muscle cells into a new, non-muscular cell called the nurse cell, and the nurse cell-muscle larva complex is finally created. to investigate whether t. spiralis infectivity is nbl age-dependent, five groups of synchronous newborn larvae (snbl) were obtained at 1, 9, 24, 48, and 72 h of age and were inoculated into mice by intravenous injection into the retro-orbital venous plexus. when both "young" groups of snbl (1 and 9 h old) wer ... | 1999 | 10099010 |
characterization of endonuclease activity from excretory/secretory products of a parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis. | double-stranded endonuclease activity was demonstrated for the first time in the excretory/secretory (es) products of a parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis, which can reorganize host muscle cells. the endonuclease introduced double-stranded breaks to the native dna. the es double-stranded endonuclease(s) was sequence nonspecific, with a ph optimum below 6, and required divalent cations as a cofactor. its activity was inhibited by the zn2+ ion. it was detected mainly in the es products of th ... | 1999 | 10095784 |
[antibodies against trichinella spiralis in the rural population of the province of cordillera, bolivia]. | a seroepidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to trichinella spiralis among rural residents of cordillera province, santa cruz department, bolivia. using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), 234 serum samples were examined, and antibodies were detected in seven of the samples (3%). the results document for the first time the presence of human infestation with trichinella in bolivia and suggest the need to strengthen trichinelosis surveillance in th ... | 1999 | 10079742 |
[cross reaction of trichinella spiralis larva antigens with sera of schistosomiasis japonica]. | cross reactions of t. spiralis muscular larva antigens (tsmla) against several sera from patients with other parasitic diseases by elib (enzyme-linked immunoblotting technique) were studied. the proteins of 31-100 kda were recognized by sera of two cases of acute schistosomiasis, while proteins of 44/45, 51/53, 62/64 and 100 kda were recognized by sera of 11 cases of chronic schistosomiasis. the proteins of 60 kda showed varied cross reactions against sera of five kinds of patients with other pa ... | 1997 | 10072982 |
fish oil supplementation does not impair the gut immune response to trichinella spiralis infection in rats. | fish oil has been recommended as a source of omega-3 fatty acids for preterm infants and for therapy of some inflammatory diseases. | 1999 | 10067728 |
polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) for the identification of trichinella isolates. | in the present study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis was developed to identify 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) and 3 phenotypes of uncertain taxonomic status (trichinella t5, t6, and t8). eleven restriction endonucleases were used to restrict 3 dna fragments (1) a 2800 bp fragment of the 43 kda excretory-secretory (e-s) protein gene, (2) a 1250 bp ... | 1999 | 10028536 |
influence of parasitization by trichinella spiralis on the levels of heat shock proteins in rat liver and muscle. | to examine levels of heat shock proteins (hsps) in host responses to helminth infection, rats were infected with trichinella spiralis. the kinetics of hsp25, hsp60, hsp70 and hsp90 production in the liver and muscle of infected rats was compared with that of non-infected controls. hsps were detected using electrophoretic analysis of fixed amounts of proteins (0.02 mg) and then blotting and incubation of membranes with polyclonal anti-hsp25 antibody, or monoclonal antibody against hsp60, or hsp70 ... | 1999 | 10028535 |
trichinellosis in the united states, 1991-1996: declining but not gone. | since the u.s. public health service began recording statistics on trichinellosis in 1947, the number of cases reported by state health departments has decreased steadily. in the late 1940s, health departments reported an average of 400 cases and 10-15 deaths each year. from 1991 to 1996, the period covered in this report, three deaths in 230 cases were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (an average of 38 cases per year), including 14 multiple case outbreaks from 31 state ... | 1999 | 9988325 |
estimation of platelet function state in the course of trichinella spiralis infection. | platelets are part of body defence system, especially the antiparasite immunologic response. platelets manifest their functions only after their activation. thrombin activates platelets inducing change of their shape and causing secretion of certain substances. this study was designed to estimate blood platelets morphology as an indicator of their activation and effectiveness of antiparasite therapy. the study was conducted in group of 21 patients infected with t.spiralis before treatment (t1) a ... | 1998 | 9972047 |
enhancement of resistance in mice treated with lactobacillus casei: effect on trichinella spiralis infection. | the ability of viable lactobacillus casei, administered by an intraperitoneal route, to induce resistance in mice against trichinella spiralis infection was tested. the percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine 5 days after t. spiralis infection observed in l. casei-treated animals, compared with those of the control group, fluctuated between 70.9 and 88.5%; reductions of larvae per gram of muscle tissue, evaluated at 30 days after infection, varied from 46.6 to 84.4% in l. casei-treated ... | 1999 | 9950348 |
seroprevalence of trichinella infection in domestic swine based on the national animal health monitoring system's 1990 and 1995 swine surveys. | swine sera collected by the us department of agriculture's center for animal health monitoring during 1990 and 1995 was tested for antibodies to trichinella spiralis using an enzyme immunoassay. from a total of 3048 sera collected from lactating sows in 1990, five sera tested positive for a prevalence of 0.16%. from a total of 7987 sera collected from both finishing pigs and gestating sows in 1995, one serum was positive for a prevalence of 0.013%. responses to questionnaires administered at the ... | 1999 | 9950336 |
detection of trichinella infection in slaughter horses by elisa and western blot analysis. | in order to determine the presence of trichinella infections in horses slaughtered at an abattoir in mexico, 147 serum samples were examined by two immunoenzymatic methods. specific antibodies were detected by elisa in 7% of the serum samples at a dilution 1:400 and in 10% at lower dilutions (1:20, 1:40) using trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml) excretory/secretory (e/s) products. serum samples from four naturally infected horses (confirmed by direct methods) gave negative o.d. values in an ... | 1999 | 9950329 |
trichinella spiralis: in vitro cytotoxicity of peritoneal cells against synchronous newborn larvae of different age. | two different immune sera obtained from mice infected with muscle larvae (ml) of trichinella spiralis (oral infection) or injected with 20-h-old newborn larvae (nbl) via retro-orbital venous plexus (intraocular injection) were compared in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test. four synchronous stages of nbl, 0-2 h old, 22 24 h old, 46-48 h old and 6 days old (snbl) were used to study susceptibility of larvae to the cytotoxic reaction of peritoneal cells. peritoneal cells adhered to and d ... | 1999 | 9950229 |
trichinella spiralis: proteinases in the larvae. | under in vitro conditions, muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis secreted minute amounts of a cysteine proteinase into the outer environment from the stichosome. the proteinase hydrolyzed azocoll at ph 5.0 but not a number of synthetic n-blocked and n-unsubstituted proteinase substrates at this ph. the reducing compound dithioerythritol enhanced the enzyme activity, but the thiol-blocking reagent sodium-p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (0.1 mm) was without effect. phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) (2 ... | 1999 | 9950228 |
evaluation of elisa, ifat and trichinoscopy in experimental trichinosis: comparing larval antigens prepared from rat and pig muscles. | two antigens were prepared, the first one was crude larval antigens derived from pigs and rats. the two antigens were tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the 2nd one, was two cuticular larval antigens derived from pigs and rats and were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). both tests were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these different antigens. serum samples from infected rats and pigs were tested with different antigens by elis ... | 1998 | 9914705 |
role of anti-trichinella spiralis antibodies and interferon-gamma in the protection against the enteral phase of experimental trichinosis. | expulsion of adult trichinella spiralis is the result of a complex immunologically mediated response. experiments in mice demonstrated that ifn-gamma, released by mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) during infection play a major role. however, the role of mucosal and serum antibody responses is thought to be limited. working on the intestinal phase, this study investigated, the role played by antibodies, transferred from vaccinated infected animals, in the immune response in comparison to that obtained ... | 1998 | 9914684 |
short report: identification of the likely etiologic agent of human trichinellosis in sicily (italy) between 1933 and 1946. | larvae of trichinella sp. collected in 1961 from muscle samples of the last infected domestic pig slaughtered in sicily (italy), and preserved in absolute ethyl alcohol until 1997, have been identified as trichinella spiralis by the polymerase chain reaction. this finding explains the severity of the clinical picture, resulting in death, and the high number of fatal cases (20 of 184, 11%) observed in three sicilian outbreaks between 1933 and 1945, caused by the consumption of sausages from pigs ... | 1998 | 9886198 |
[neurologic manifestations in trichinosis]. | neurologic manifestations are present in about 10-20 percent of patients with trichinosis. they could be a serious diagnostic problem in the absence of corresponding epidemiological data and typical symptoms and signs of the disease. in untreated patients the mortality rate is about 50%. several pathogenic mechanisms are responsible for the neurological complications in trichinosis: obstruction of brain blood vessels by larvae, cysts or granulomas, toxic vasculitis with secondary thrombosis and ... | 1998 | 9863383 |
host nuclear abnormalities and depletion of nuclear antigens induced in trichinella spiralis-infected muscle cells by the anthelmintic mebendazole. | infection by the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis induces cell cycle repositioning (chronic suspension in apparent g2/m) and genetic reprogramming in differentiated mammalian skeletal muscle cells. these changes occur in association with dramatic enlargement of infected host cell nuclei (as large as 17 microm in diameter) and nucleoli. nuclear antigens (na) that colocalize with host chromatin have been detected by antibodies to t. spiralis antigens, but the functions of these na are unres ... | 1998 | 9851602 |
serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
developmental activation of infective trichinella spiralis larvae. | the initiation of further development is fundamental to the infectious processes of parasitic nematodes. we have examined early developmental activation of trichinella spiralis larvae during host invasion, with particular emphasis on the timing of events. using a novel approach, we have observed changes in tissue-specific transcriptional activity in live larvae during the infectious process with the fluorescent nucleic acid dyes syto12 and acridine orange. simultaneously, the metabolic switch fr ... | 1998 | 9820858 |
t lymphocyte-dependent and -independent intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction in the t. spiralis-infected mouse. | we examined the profile of increased intestinal muscle contractility after primary infection with trichinella spiralis in the mouse, correlating it with parasite expulsion. we also examined the extent to which the changes in muscle contraction were t lymphocyte dependent, by infecting athymic and scid mice. infection was accompanied by increased tension development by intestinal muscle. two components of this response were identified, a rapid peak increase in tension generation observed on day 6 ... | 1998 | 9815046 |
functional alterations in jejunal myenteric neurons during inflammation in nematode-infected guinea pigs. | intracellular recordings of jejunal myenteric neurons with an afterspike hyperpolarization (ah) from trichinella spiralis-infected animals showed enhanced excitability on days 3, 6, and 10 postinfection (pi) compared with uninfected animals. lower membrane potential, increased membrane input resistance, decreased threshold for action potential discharge, decreased ah amplitude and duration, and increased fast excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude and duration were characteristic of neurona ... | 1998 | 9815020 |
immune responses to intestinal parasites: protection, pathology and prophylaxis. | aspects of the immune responses made by hosts to infection with intestinal parasites are discussed in relation to data from experimental systems in mice involving infections with the protozoans eimeria vermiformis and cryptosporidium spp., and the nematodes nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis. the focus of the review is our knowledge and understanding of the roles played by the intestinal mucosa and the epithelial cells of the mucosa in the induction, regulation and expression ... | 1997 | 9802078 |
proficiency samples for quality assurance in trichinella digestion tests. | a reliable method to produce proficiency samples containing known numbers of trichinella spiralis cysts for use in quality assurance systems for trichinella digestion tests was developed and validated. a filtrate containing trichinella cysts was produced by homogenizing and filtering the muscles of an experimentally infected rat. using a stereomicroscope and micropipette, intact cysts were removed from the filtrate and were transferred onto an agar substrate to allow accurate counting and subseq ... | 1998 | 9798164 |
trichinella spiralis: induction of the basophilic transformation of muscle cells by synchronous newborn larvae. ii. electron microscopy study. | the present ultrastructure observations apply to the same experimental groups that were investigated in the first part of the study. the results of electron microscopy investigations correspond to those obtained using light microscopy methods. the ultrastructure data demonstrated that 1-h-old snbl (group i) penetrated into the sarcoplasm of the muscle cells and transformed it basophilically, finally creating the "nurse cell-muscle larva complex." these larvae also caused transformation of the sa ... | 1998 | 9797067 |
rapid purification and characterization of l-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase (macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor) from trichinella spiralis, trichuris muris and brugia pahangi. | macrophage-migration-inhibition factor (mif) is an essential stimulator of mammalian t-lymphocyte-dependent adaptive immunity, hence mif orthologues might be expressed by infectious organisms as an immunosubversive stratagem. since mif actively catalyses the tautomerization of the methyl ester of l-dopachrome (using dopachrome tautomerase), the occurrence of mif orthologues in several parasitic helminths was investigated by assaying and characterizing such activity. evidence of mif orthologues ( ... | 1998 | 9794786 |
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in north carolina black bears (ursus americanus). | serum samples from 143 hunter-killed black bears were collected during the 1996 and 1997 black bear hunting seasons in eastern north carolina. all samples were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. antibodies to t. gondii were present in 120 of 143 (84%) bears. females had significantly higher titers than males (wilcoxon rank sums test, p = 0.045), and titers increased with age (jonckheere test, p = 0.01). samples collected during 1996 (n = 79) were teste ... | 1998 | 9794654 |
early induction and augmentation of parasitic antigen-specific antibody-producing b lymphocytes in the non-peyer's patch region of the small intestine. | in this study, b lymphocytes from the small intestine of immunized rats were examined for their expression of specific antibodies against trichinella spiralis (ts) antigen. the isotypes of the antigen-specific antibodies on b cells were examined via immunofluorescence microscopy. monoclonal mouse anti-rat ige, igg1, igg2a, igg2b, igg2c, iga and igm primary antibodies in conjunction with fitc-conjugated goat anti-mouse ig secondary antibody and xritc-conjugated 9d4 t. spiralis antigen were used t ... | 1998 | 9792905 |
a multifocal outbreak of trichinellosis linked to horse meat imported from north america to france in 1993. | an outbreak of 538 cases of trichinellosis occurred in france in december 1993. seven cases developed neurotrichinosis and 23 had cardiologic complications. no deaths were recorded. two patients had a positive muscle biopsy showing living trichinella larvae. one of them was typed as trichinella spiralis. a case-control study showed that horse meat was the only meat associated with illness (odds ratio = 80.7). the risk of illness increased with the amount of horse meat eaten and when it was consu ... | 1998 | 9790440 |
exogenous interleukin-3 enhances il-4 production by splenic cd4+ cells during the early stages of a trichinella spiralis infection. | treatment with recombinant interleukin-3 (ril-3) augmented il-4 production of spleen cells in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. in a previous report, we showed that treatment with ril-3 accelerated ige responsiveness in mice. we have examined il-4 and interferon (ifn)-gamma production by spleen cells from both ril-3-treated and untreated mice during the early stages of infection. the results indicated that il-4 production was enhanced in ril-3-treated mice compared to that in untreated mi ... | 1998 | 9784657 |
the detection of trichinella with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers constructed using sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) or sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory (e-s) glycoproteins. | diagnostic pcr primers for trichinella were constructed. twelve pairs of primers were designed based on the sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna, and 4 pairs of primers were designed based on the reported sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory glycoproteins. with these primers, 31 samples of dna from different strains of trichinella including 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) ... | 1998 | 9778640 |
effects of prolonged exposure to morphine and methadone on in vivo parameters of immune function in rats. | in rats, two 6-week repeated dose oral toxicity studies were performed with morphine (250 and 500 mg/kg food) and methadone (200 and 400 mg/kg food), respectively. alterations in immune function were studied by assessing primary and secondary immune responses to sheep red blood cells. in addition, the ability to resist challenge with infectious agents was measured in host resistance models employing the parasite trichinella spiralis and the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the primary and secon ... | 1998 | 9772098 |
characterization of levamisole binding sites in trichinella spiralis. | characterization of the levamisole receptor was performed with total extracts of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae using binding assays with tritiated levamisole ([3h]lev, 291 gbq/mmol). we detected a specific [3h]lev binding activity with a dissociation constant (kd) of 4.76 microm and a receptor density (bmax) of 2.14 pmol/mg of protein. in inhibition studies, only dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (dmpp) and hexamethonium were found to be competitive inhibitors of the [3h]lev binding with an ... | 1998 | 9766906 |
il-4-regulated enteropathy in an intestinal nematode infection. | the relationship between intestinal pathology and immune expulsion of gastrointestinal nematodes remains controversial. parasite expulsion is associated with intestinal pathology in several model systems and both of these phenomena are t cell dependent. immune expulsion of gastrointestinal helminth parasites is usually associated with th2 responses, but the effector mechanisms directly responsible for parasite loss have not been elucidated. in contrast, the intestinal pathology observed in many ... | 1998 | 9754555 |
congenital trichinellosis in the rat. | 57 female rats were divided into four groups according to age and gestation. trichinella spiralis infection was induced by feeding the rats with rat muscle containing about 10000 larvae per gram. the mating and sacrificing of females were done differently for each group. new-born rats were examined by direct trichinoscopy and by peptic digestion of muscle. we found that larvae of t. spiralis which entered the uterus of the pregnant females can pass to the foetus. it was impossible to specify the ... | 1998 | 9746284 |
purification of trichinella spiralis tubulin: comparison of several analytic procedures. | this study compares the purity indices found after purifying tubulin obtained from the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis, using different chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. affinity chromatography, using monoclonal antibodies anti-alpha and anti-beta-tubulin fixed to activated sepharosa 4b-cnbr, yields a tubulin purity of 15%. in contrast, by means of interchange-anionic chromatography using a column of deae-sephadex-a50, we obtained an increase in purity of up to 75%. finally, wi ... | 1998 | 9746281 |
the generation and expression of immunity to trichinella spiralis in laboratory rodents. | 1998 | 9734294 | |
acetylcholine metabolism in the inflamed rat intestine. | acetylcholine (ach) is a major neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system. since increasing evidence suggests that inflammation alters neural regulation of intestinal function, we examined the synthesis and breakdown of ach in smooth muscle/myenteric plexus (sm/mp) preparations from the jejunum of the rat during inflammation caused by infection with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. both total and neuron-specific uptake of the ach precursor [3h]choline into sm/mp preparations was i ... | 1998 | 9710525 |
effects of hydrodynamic pressure on the viability of trichinella spiralis in pork. | treatment by hydrodynamic pressure is an attractive alternative for meat tenderization and might also have an effect on foodborne pathogens. numbers of trichinella spiralis recovered from infected pork were significantly reduced by treatment with the hydrodyne process, as compared with untreated, infected pork. however, treatment with the hydrodynamic force described in this paper (55 to 60 mpa) did not eliminate the infectivity of this parasite when the larvae from hydrodyne-treated meat were i ... | 1998 | 9709242 |
carrier-dependent suppression of the anti-phosphorylcholine plaque-forming cell response in trichinella-infected mice is mediated by anti-hapten igg1 antibodies. | in normal mice, the phosphorylcholine(pc)-bearing trichinella spiralis antigen fcp induces pc-specific igm antibodies. infection with t. spiralis appears to suppress this response, without affecting the production of anti-pc antibodies in response to other pc-bearing antigens; the suppression can thus be considered carrier-dependent. previous work in our laboratory has indicated that the observed suppression is due to a soluble factor present in the serum of infected mice. in the work reported h ... | 1998 | 9709035 |
sensitivity of artificial digestion and enzyme immunoassay methods of inspection for trichinae in pigs. | forty-seven pigs were infected with varying doses of trichinella spiralis and tested for evidence of infection by serology, using an enzyme immunoassay (eia), and by artificial digestion methods. using a 1-g sample, as prescribed in accordance with european union (eu) directives, the sensitivity of the pooled-sample artificial digestion method was between three and five larvae per gram (lpg) of tissue. using a 5-g sample size, in accordance with methods described in the u.s. code for federal reg ... | 1998 | 9708307 |
nitric oxide mediates the microbicidal activity of eosinophils. | there are several experimental evidences that nitric oxide (no) is involved in the microbicidal activity of macrophages against a number of intracellular pathogens including leishmania major, trypanozoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii. it is also well known that eosinophils (eo) have microbicidal activity against many parasites such as schistosoma mansoni, trichinella spiralis, t. cruzi and l. amazonensis. the purpose of this study was to investigate if no is involved in the microbicidal activity of e ... | 1997 | 9698941 |
immune responses of il-5 transgenic mice to parasites and aeroallergens. | eosinophils have long been thought to be effectors of immunity to helminths but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. patterns of cytokine production in the host may influence the pathogenesis of these diseases by regulating the activities of eosinophils and other components of the immune response. mice which constitutively over-express il-5 have profound and life-long eosinophilia in a restricted number of tissues. although eosinophils from il-5 transgenics are functionally c ... | 1997 | 9698915 |
gamma delta tcr+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-iel) in reaction against intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis. | to assess the gamma delta tcr t cells in the control of the timing of the mucosal response to enteric parasitic infections, we used c57bl mice, orally infected with 200 viable t. spiralis larvae. the small intestine, spleens and peyer's patches (pp) were excised on 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 29 postinfection days (p.i.) for immunophenotyping and histological studies. uninfected mice served as control. characterization of isolated lymphocytes of c57bl control mice, confirmed that t cell immunophenotype ... | 1998 | 9681243 |
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in finishing swine raised in different production systems in north carolina, usa. | we compared the seroprevalence of both toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spiralis in finishing pigs raised in different production systems in north carolina, usa. farms were either finishing sites using all-in/all-out management of buildings in multiple-site systems (14 farms) or farrow-to-finish systems using continuous-flow management of finishing barns or outdoor accommodation 14 farms). the two groups of herds differed with respect to several management variables. a total of 13 of 2238 sampl ... | 1998 | 9677628 |
interleukin-9 enhances resistance to the intestinal nematode trichuris muris. | upon infection with the cecum-dwelling nematode trichuris muris, the majority of inbred strains of mice launch a th2-type immune response and in doing so expel the parasite before patency. in contrast, there are a few mouse strains which develop a nonprotective th1-type response resulting in a chronic infection and the presence of adult worms. of the th2 cytokines known to be associated with the resistant phenotype (interleukin-4 [il-4], il-5, il-9, and il-13), comparatively little is known abou ... | 1998 | 9673269 |
fowlpox virus encodes nonessential homologs of cellular alpha-snap, pc-1, and an orphan human homolog of a secreted nematode protein. | the genome of fowlpox virus (fwpv), type species of the avipoxviridae, is considerably rearranged compared with that of vaccinia virus (the prototypic poxvirus and type species of the orthopoxviridae) and is 30% larger. it is likely that the genome of fwpv contains genes in addition to those found in vaccinia virus, probably involved with its replication and survival in the chicken. a 7,470-bp segment of the fwpv genome has five open reading frames (orfs), two of which encode ankyrin repeat prot ... | 1998 | 9658122 |
nuclear antigens in trichinella spiralis infected muscle cells: nuclear extraction, compartmentalization and complex formation. | infection of mammalian skeletal muscle cells by trichinella spiralis induces a series of changes that include: reentry of the terminally differentiated host cell into the cell cycle; suspension of infected cells in apparent g2/m; and transcriptional inactivation of the differentiated skeletal muscle gene program. cell cycle repositioning and genetic reprogramming are chronic characteristics of host cells that can remain infected for years. nuclear antigens (na, 79, 86 and 97 kda) that localize t ... | 1998 | 9657326 |
production specific antigens from trichinella spiralis using a continuous elution method and isoelectric focusing. | immunodominant antigens of 45-53 kda (one band per fraction) were obtained from excretory/secretory (e/s) and somatic products of infective-larvae of trichinella spiralis using a continuous-elution method. they were further resolved by isoelectric focusing into different isoforms (45 kda: pi4.47, 5.09, 5.47 and 5.86; 47 kda: pi4.72 and 4.97; 53 kda: pi4.86, 5.11, 5.44 and 5.78). in immunoblotting, the isoforms of pi 5.09, 5.86, 4.97, 5.44 and 5.78 did not cross-react with antisera against trichu ... | 1997 | 9656358 |
a brief update on the diagnosis of trichinellosis. | the latest immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of swine and human trichinellosis are briefly reviewed. the following topics are discussed in more detail: isolation of specific antigens by continuous elution-isoelectric focusing methods, production of recombinant antigens, nature of immunodominant antigens, potential use of heat shock proteins (hsps) as diagnostic antigens, roles of specific ige and circulating antigens (ca). the immunodominant antigens were found to be highly h ... | 1997 | 9656357 |
the effect of nematode infection upon intestinal smooth muscle function. | nematode infections are useful in studying both host defence and inflammation induced changes in intestinal physiology, including increased contraction by intestinal muscle. our initial studies of the heightened muscle function found during t. spiralis infection led to investigations of the role of immune and inflammatory cells and mediators in the immunodulation of intestinal muscle function. by infecting various immunodeficient mouse strains, as well as gene transfer to the intestine, t lympho ... | 1998 | 9651926 |
modulation of neutrophil apoptosis by psychological stress and glucocorticoid. | neutrophils play a pivotal role in host defense against bacterial infection, however, these cells may have a harmful effect on normal tissues under certain pathological conditions. we demonstrate here that apoptosis of these cells is modulated by psychophysical stress and its related hormones, suggesting that psychoneural systems may exert an effect on host defense through modulating neutrophil survival. | 1997 | 9637347 |
methimazole-mediated enhancement of albendazole oral bioavailability and anthelmintic effects against parenteral stages of trichinella spiralis in mice: the influence of the dose-regime. | the influence of methimazole (mtz) inhibitor of the microsomal oxidases on the systemic availability of the albendazole sulpho-metabolites (abzs-mt) albendazole-sulphoxide (abzso) and albendazole-sulphone (abzso2) and on its anthelmintic effects was investigated in a mouse model for helminthic infections. plasma concentrations of the abzs-mt were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) following treatment of swiss cd-1 mice with albendazole (abz) alone or abz plus mtz, at both ... | 1998 | 9637222 |
characterization of kinetics of anti-trichinella spiralis newborn larvae immunity in rats. | the kinetics of anti-t. spiralis newborn larvae (nbl) immunity and its dose effects were studied in vivo. rats were either immunized with newborn larvae i.v. or muscle larvae per os and challenged with newborn larvae either i.v. or i.p. on day 7 up to day 27 after immunization. immunity was assessed by examining the muscle larvae burden or the larval recovery from the peritoneal cavity. recovered newborn larvae were further examined for cell adherence and viability. results indicate that as earl ... | 1998 | 9618375 |
functional correlation between histamine metabolism and worm expulsion in trichinella spiralis. | mucosal mast cell activity was quantified by measuring histamine forming capacity (hfc) of the gastric mucosa and histamine content in the intestinal tissues of mice infected with t. spiralis. the results wee correlated with the kinetics of worm expulsion. it was found that t. spiralis resulted in significant elevation of hfc by the day 6 post infection (p.i.) which reached a maximal value at day 9, a time when approximately 50% of the established worm burden had been expelled. histamine content ... | 1998 | 9617061 |
[modulation of inflammatory cells in helminth infections]. | in this review, different mechanisms by which helminthic parasites modulate the activities of inflammatory cells are considered. examples are presented of parasitic products interfering with lymphocytes and their products such as antibodies, then modifying both regulation and effector response of the immune system. furthermore, examples of interference on the complement system are illustrated. parasites such as ancylostoma caninum produce factors such as the neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif) ca ... | 1997 | 9616965 |
early cytokine responses during intestinal parasitic infections. | infections with gastro-intestinal nematodes elicit immune and inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines released from t-helper type-2 (th2) cells. in vitro assays of cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) of experimentally infected rodents confirm that, after about 1 week, the dominant cytokine responses to mitogens and antigens are those associated with this th-cell subset. polarization of the th response in this way implies an initial local cytokine environment that favours th2 develop ... | 1998 | 9616376 |
[genetic variability of trichinella spiralis oven, 1835, and trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972, detected by polymerase chain reaction with random primers]. | dna polymorphisms in two parasitic nematode species, trichinella spiralis oven, 1835, and trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972, were revealed via random amplification of polymorphic dna by the polymerase chain reaction (rapd pcr). the diagnostic value of seven 10-bp oligonucleotide primers was evaluated, and the extent of the homology between the genomes of the two species was estimated. the intraspecific variation of rapd markers was revealed in larvae of both species isolated from experime ... | 1998 | 9612694 |