Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| tropical vaginal hydroceles: are they all filarial in origin? | hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis has been conventionally used as an absolute indicator of filarial disease in most clinical surveys. the prevalence of filarial etiology in 100 consecutive hydroceles was studied using clinical, parasitological, histopathological and immunological parameters. filarial etiology could be proved in 57% of hydrocele cases using major criteria: presence of microfilaria in hydrocele fluid, presence of chyle in hydrocele fluid, demonstration of adult worm in tuni ... | 1995 | 9139387 |
| microfilarial larvae in fine needle aspiration (fna) cytology of breast lump masquerading as encysted trichinella spiralis. | 1997 | 9134339 | |
| natural history, trend of prevalence and spectrum of manifestations of bancroftian filarial disease in pondicherry (south india). | the study examines the changes in the disease parameters of lymphatic filariasis over a period of time based on three surveys during 1957, 1986 and 1992 in pondicherry, south india. the overall prevalence of filarial disease in the three surveys was 4.7, 6.7 and 9.9% respectively. it was significantly higher in males (1957:5.3%; 1986:13.7%; 1992:18.8%) when compared to females (1957:3.8%; 1986:2.3%; 1992:2.7%) in all the three surveys (p <0.05). the overall prevalence of acute adenolymphangitis ... | 1996 | 9133167 |
| [filaria: a tropical disease as the etiology of acute scrotum]. | in the diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotal pain and swelling it is important to differentiate between testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis. a special case of a thirty-eight-year-old male asylant from nepal was presented in the urological service with acute scrotal pain. to exclude testicular torsion, a diagnostic exploration of the scrotum was done with the findings of an acute funiculitis with abscess formation. under surgical drainage of abscess together with medical treatment the ac ... | 1997 | 9123688 |
| lymphatic filariasis. | 1997 | 9103668 | |
| effect of two single doses of ivermectin in treatment of asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis in two villages in the nile delta, egypt. | to evaluate the efficacy and longitudinal effect of two single (100 micrograms/kg) doses of ivermectin, 3 months apart, 240 asymptomatic male subjects from 2 endemic egyptian villages were enrolled in a one-year double-blind study. subjects aged 15-55 years were randomly assigned placebo (40) or ivermectin (200). microfilaria (mf) density in 1 ml blood was measured by membrane filtration before and every 3 months after treatment. initial mean mf density was 462 (range 14-2869/ml). clinical exami ... | 1997 | 9097530 |
| assessment of the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine on adult wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. | to assess directly the effect of various doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) on adult wuchereria bancrofti, 31 infected men were randomly assigned to receive an initial single dec dose of 1 mg/kg (n = 7), 6 mg/kg (n = 10), or 12 mg/kg (n = 14). beginning 7 d later, the dosage of dec and duration of treatment were progressively increased for 7-10 weeks. physical examinations were performed to detect scrotal nodules and the scrotal area was examined by ultrasound (7.5 mhz transducer) to monitor the ... | 1997 | 9093637 |
| altitude and the risk of bites from mosquitoes infected with malaria and filariasis among the mianmin people of papua new guinea. | the mianmin are a mobile population occupying a remote lower montane area at 100-1200 m altitude in the north-western interior of papua new guinea (png). major medical problems include malaria and bancroftian filariasis. an entomological survey conducted along an altitudinal transect from 170 to 1000m identified anopheles koliensis as the predominant malaria vector below 650 m, with a. punctulatus dominating at the higher elevations. proportions of mosquitoes with malaria circumsporozoite antige ... | 1997 | 9093615 |
| elevated il-10 mrna expression and downregulation of th1-type cytokines in microfilaraemic individuals with wuchereria bancrofti infection. | to understand the molecular basis of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis caused by the nematode wuchereria bancrofti, parasite antigen-dependent cellular proliferation and cytokine gene expression were investigated. by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), the levels of cytokine mrna were determined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of different clinical groups of filariasis patients. this includes individuals with circulating microfilariae ... | 1997 | 9076809 |
| t-lymphocytes from individuals with filarial inflammatory disease have increased transendothelial migration in vitro. | the in vitro transendothelial migration of circulating filarial antigen-specific t-cells was examined in wuchereria banerofti infection. circulating t-cells from individuals with filaria-induced lymphatic pathology (lp) had significantly greater migration through unstimulated huvec monolayers than did t-cells from asymptomatic infected (mf) individuals (p = 0.04). in contrast to the mf individuals where no effect was seen, transendothelial migration of 48-hr filarial antigen stimulated t-cells f ... | 1997 | 9073544 |
| epidemiological study of bancroftian filariasis in recife, northeastern brazil. | wuchereria bancrofti in pernambuco was first documented in 1952 (azevedo & dobbin 1952), and since then it has been reported in surveys carried out in selected areas of recife. several surveys were carried out from 1981 to 1991 by sucam. in the 1985 sucam's report the disease is considered under control. the cpqam filariasis research program was established in 1985 and a filarial survey was carried out in the town of olinda, greater recife. in order to verify the real epidemiological situation, ... | 1996 | 9070407 |
| rapid assessment procedures (rap) for lymphatic filariasis. | new strategies are emerging for control of filariasis in terms of chemotherapy and vector control. field application of these tools requires mapping and prioritization of filaria-endemic areas and quantification of the infection/ disease burden. available procedures are time-consuming, costly and have poor sensitivity. therefore, rapid assessment procedures need to be developed to assess the disease burden as well as monitor and evaluate control programmes. | 1997 | 9069702 |
| microfilariae identified in fna of a thyroid nodule. | a patient presented with hyperthyroidism and a thyroid swelling, clinically thought to be malignant. fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule revealed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. after therapy the thyroid swelling subsided and the patient became euthyroid. the possible etiologic role of microfilariae in the genesis of the thyroid tumor and hyperthyroidism is discussed. | 1997 | 9067108 |
| a possible case of lymphatic filariasis in a white miner in papua new guinea. | 1997 | 9066558 | |
| prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection among the tribals of panna district of madhya pradesh. | 1996 | 9057457 | |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in ascitic fluid. | we have presented a patient with ascites who demonstrated bancroftian microfilariae in the ascitic fluid. such a presentation is exceedingly uncommon. | 1996 | 9057373 |
| temperature thresholds and statistical modelling of larval wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea:onchocercidae) developmental rates. | developmental rates for wuchereria bancrofti larvae maturing in the vector aedes polynesiensis were estimated by analysing stage-frequency data consisting of counts of larval stages in mosquitoes reared at 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32 degrees c. base temperatures (i.e. low temperature thresholds) for w. bancrofti development were estimated by the x-intercept method and the model of lactin et al. (1995). resulting values were similar with both methods and were approximately 12.5 degrees c for mi ... | 1997 | 9051921 |
| control of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of polynesia by ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. | community treatment with ivermectin was implemented in opoa, french polynesia from april 1991 to october 1993. all consenting inhabitants aged 3 years or more were treated with twice-yearly single doses of ivermectin, pregnant women excepted. a dosage of 100 microgram/kg was used for the 3 first treatments and then abandoned because it did not reduce the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) carriers. with a dosage of 400 micrograms/kg dosage, this prevalence decreased dramatically from 21% to 7%, an ... | 1996 | 9015520 |
| prolonged clearance of microfilaraemia in patients with bancroftian filariasis after multiple high doses of ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. | in a double-blind trial on 37 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects (minimum 400 microfilariae [mf] per ml) with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and macrofilaricidal efficacy of 12 fortnightly doses of ivermectin, 400 micrograms/kg (ivermectin group), was compared with 12 fortnightly doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec), 10 mg/kg (dec group), over a period of 129 weeks after treatment. a control group (ldic group) was treated with low dose ivermectin to clear microfilaraemi ... | 1996 | 9015519 |
| impact of lymphatic filariasis on the productivity of male weavers in a south indian village. | 1996 | 9015511 | |
| epidemiology of acute filarial episodes caused by wuchereria bancrofti infection in two rural villages in tamil, nadu, south india. | this year-long study investigated the epidemiology of acute filarial episodes due to wuchereria bancrofti in 2 rural villages in south india. the annual incidence of 96.5 episodes/1000 population was significantly higher in males (108.5) than females (84.1) an strongly age dependent. first occurrence of acute disease was observed in 0.86% of the population, and the average duration of each episode was 3.6 +/- 2.0 d. although more than half (63.5%) of the affected individuals suffered only 1 epis ... | 1996 | 9015500 |
| lymphatic filariasis on the coast of ghana. | parasitological, clinical and entomological surveys for lymphatic filariasis were carried out in 6 villages and 3 towns on the coast of ghana. few or no filarial infections were observed in the towns or in the villages east of accra. however, wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia was common in the 4 western villages, with overall prevalences of 9.2%-25.4% and overall microfilariae (mf) geometric mean intensities of 321-1172 mf/ml of blood. in the same villages, hydrocele affected 8.5%-27.9% of ad ... | 1996 | 9015499 |
| [history of lymphatic filariasis in pernambuco. i. epidemiologic and control aspects]. | this paper is a review of lymphatic bancroftian filariasis in the state of pernambuco. brazil. it shows that reports have existed since the 1st decade of the century. knowledge of the disease in several areas during different periods makes a retrospective analyses very interesting, particularly in great recife. it is in the city that the epidemiological and control aspects of the diseases are examinations in details. | 1996 | 9011889 |
| evaluation of the og4c3 elisa in wuchereria bancrofti infection: infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. | the recently developed og4c3 elisa, which detects circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen, appears promising for use in epidemiological surveys, but its sensitivity is unknown in persons with ultra-low microfilarial densities. we used the og4c3 to test the sera of 282 persons who were microfilaria-positive in 1-16 ml of blood, 18 persons who were microfilaria-negative but who had ultrasonographic or biopsy evidence of adult w. bancrofti infection, and 63 lifelong residents of a non-endemic area ... | 1996 | 8980602 |
| ultrasonographic diagnosis of subclinical filariasis. | asymptomatic persons with lymphatic filariasis may harbor microfiliariae in the circulation, and despite the lack of symptoms, these patients may have occult pathologic lesions and renal abnormalities. earlier investigators have shown that it is possible to detect live adult filarial worms and dilation of lymphatic channels with ultrasonography. it is also possible to assess response to therapy. using sonography, we detected twirling motions in dilated lymph channels and characteristic sonograph ... | 1997 | 8979226 |
| filariasis survey in a rural area of west bengal. | 1996 | 8973022 | |
| mattancherry urban agglomeration, a diminishing focus of lymphatic filariasis in kerala. | parasitological survey conducted recently in mattancherry, kerala showed a low prevalence of microfilariae (mf), with a mf rate of 1.81%, compared to that of 1956 when the mf rate was 14.7%. no brugian infection was encountered in the present investigation, though both bancroftian and brugian infections were reported earlier. culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis was the most predominant (93.3%) mosquito species, and its infection and infectivity rates were 0.76% and 0.54% ... | 1996 | 8973015 |
| wuchereria bancrofti recombinant antigen-derived poly- and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of circulating antigen(s) in the sera of lymphatic filarial patients. | a sandwich antibody elisa was employed for the detection of circulating filarial antigen in patients with bancroftian filariasis. wuchereria bancrofti recombinant antigen-derived polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were successfully used as the revealing antibodies and their efficiency was compared. all the microfilariae (mf) positive (by finger prick and examination of 20 microliters of blood under the microscope) individuals tested showed the presence of circulating antigen(s). among the anti ... | 1996 | 8960201 |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in fine needle aspiration smears. | 1996 | 8960050 | |
| mammography of lymphatic filariasis. | 1996 | 8956571 | |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in patients' sputum by the polymerase chain reaction. | 1996 | 8944264 | |
| diethylcarbamazine-induced reversal of early lymphatic dysfunction in a patient with bancroftian filariasis: assessment with use of lymphoscintigraphy. | exposure of expatriates to the infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti can result in the early development of signs of lymphatic obstruction. the findings on the clinical presentation of expatriates are distinct from the chronic pathological findings seen among the native population and are similar to the findings in experimentally infected persons. we report the case of a peace corps volunteer who developed acute lymphatic dysfunction within 3 months of arriving in an area that was endemic for ... | 1996 | 8922794 |
| evaluating the detection of circulating filarial antigen in diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis and filarial hydrocele. | four groups of patients were selected: 16 patients with clinical evidence of obstructive filarial lymphangiopathy without microfilaraemia; 12 patients with clinical evidence of obstructive filarial lymphangiopathy with microfilaraemia and 9 patients with microfilaraemia. two control groups were also included. blood films, sera and hydrocele fluid samples were collected from all subjects. polyclonal antibody against dirofilaria immitis worm homogenate was prepared, fractionated and conjugated wit ... | 1996 | 8918042 |
| bancroftian filariasis: the pattern of microfilaraemia and clinical manifestations in three endemic communities of northeastern tanzania. | individuals from three villages in northeastern tanzania, located 40 km inland from the indian ocean coast, were surveyed for parasitological and clinical evidence of bancroftian filariasis. microfilarial (mf) prevalences ranged from 22.2 to 37.6%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) ranged from 546 to 735 mf/ml blood, in the three villages. microfilaraemia was rare in children below five years. the mf prevalences increased with age, reaching from 35.9 to 49.2% in individuals aged 45 years a ... | 1995 | 8907396 |
| frequency distribution of wuchereria bancrofti infection in the vector host in relation to human host: evidence for density dependence. | this paper uses detailed entomological data from pondicherry to compare the microfilaria distribution in vector with that of human and also to examine the evidence for the operation of density dependence on parasite transmission. analysis showed that the distribution in vector is similar to that in human. the expected distribution derived from the fit of a zero-truncated negative binomial to the human data, closely reflected the observed microfilaria distribution in the vector. this implies that ... | 1995 | 8907394 |
| bancroftian filariasis distribution and diurnal temperature differences in the southern nile delta. | 1996 | 8903237 | |
| ultrasound diagnosis of filarial funiculoepididymitis. | genital presentation of filarial disease is not uncommon in endemic areas of the world. acute, febrile illness involving the epididymis and spermatic cord (funiculoepididymitis) is one of many such presentations. with an internationally mobile society, physicians today, even in nonendemic areas, may encounter patients with filarial infestations. we report the first case of presumptive diagnosis of this disease using scrotal ultrasound. | 1996 | 8886076 |
| mass dec chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy of four strategies two years after start of treatment. | the efficacy of 4 strategies for control of bancroftian filariasis using mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy was evaluated and compared in 4 endemic communities in tanzania 2 years after the start of treatment. the strategies used were the standard 12 d treatment (strategy i), a semi-annual single dose treatment (strategy ii), a monthly low dose treatment (strategy iii), and dec medicated salt (strategy iv). treatment took place during the first study year, and no treatment was given duri ... | 1996 | 8882196 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti in blood samples from french polynesia. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequence found in wuchereria bancrofti (the sspi repeat) has been developed to address the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods. in this field study in a w. bancrofti endemic region of french polynesia, 373 human blood samples were collected and 100 microl of blood were screened by the sspi pcr assay and 1 microl by membrane filtration. the sspi pcr assay detected 99 of 113 blood samples in w ... | 1996 | 8882182 |
| cytomorphologic profile of lymphatic filariasis. | to review the cytologic findings in 34 cases of lymphatic filariasis reported on fine needle aspiration cytology for the identification of various parasitic structures. | 1996 | 8842171 |
| parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. | the term "endemic normal" in the context of filariasis refers to people who are amicrofilaremic and free of clinical signs or symptoms of filariasis despite regular exposure to the parasite. some sera from endemic normals contain soluble wuchereria bancrofti antigens that are detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we now report evidence that filarial antigenemia in these people is not an artifact and that it is indicative of active w. bancrofti infection. filarial antigenemia was first ... | 1996 | 8842125 |
| little andaman island, a new focus of infection with nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti. | a filariasis survey was carried out for the first time in the little andaman island, covering a population of 12,247 in 12 of the 13 villages. infection due to wuchereria bancrofti was found only in 3 villages with microfilaria (mf) rate ranging from 1.02 to 6.45 per cent. observations on the appearance of mf in peripheral blood showed that the parasite is nocturnally periodic form with a peak at 2000 h. the infection was prevalent only among the settlers from bihar and bangladesh and none of th ... | 1996 | 8840654 |
| acquisition and expression of humoral reactivity to antigens of infective stages of filarial larvae. | measurement of anti-larval responses in filaria-exposed populations may shed light on the natural history of exposure to wuchereria bancrofti. using serum samples obtained by a cross-sectional survey of 172 individuals from two neighbourhoods in leogane, haiti, antibody responses directed against infective stage filarial larvae (l3) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunofluorescence (ifa), and immunoblot for the presence of anti-larval antibodies. elisa results indicat ... | 1995 | 8834761 |
| identification of endemic foci of filariasis by examination of mosquitoes for microfilariae. | studies were conducted in the nile delta of egypt to determine the feasibility of detecting wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) in mosquitoes as a primary surveillance method for the identification of filariasis-endemic villages. initial experimental studies evaluated the ingestion, survival, and migration rates of w. bancrofti mf in culex pipiens and culex antennatus after mosquitoes were fed on infected volunteers. in 2 villages, 1,684 bloodfed mosquitoes were dissected during the night im ... | 1995 | 8825503 |
| evidence for protective immunity to bancroftian filariasis in the cook islands. | to challenge the concept of protective immunity in lymphatic filariasis, 19 adult residents of a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island who had been diagnosed 17 years earlier as putatively immune endemic normals (pi/en) were reexamined. even with continued exposure to infection, all 19 had maintained their apparent infection-free status. studies to define the mechanisms underlying this putative immunity revealed that cellular immune responses (including proliferation; generation of interleukin [il ... | 1996 | 8769619 |
| knowledge and beliefs about transmission, prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of south india. | to identify the gaps in people's knowledge of lymphatic filariasis, we collected descriptive and quantitative information in rural areas of tamil nadu, south india. people are well aware of filariasis in their communities and recognize its different clinical manifestations. only 9% of those with and 20% of those without the disease knew that filariasis is caused through mosquito bites; the rest attributed it to many other causes. people's knowledge about transmission and prevention of filariasis ... | 1996 | 8765449 |
| ultrasonographic assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of repeat high-dose ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. | since diethylcarbamazine, the drug recommended for treatment of lymphatic filariasis, seems only partially effective against the adult worm, intense interest persists in identifying a macrofilaricidal drug for this infection. to evaluate directly in vivo the macrofilaricidal activity of repeat high-dose ivermectin, 15 men who had living adult wuchereria bancrofti detected in the scrotal area by ultrasound were treated with 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin at 2-week intervals for 6 months (total d ... | 1996 | 8765448 |
| cost and cost effectiveness of mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for the control of bancroftian filariasis: comparison of four strategies in tanzania. | this study examines the costs and cost effectiveness of four different mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy regimens-standard dose, semi-annual single dose, low monthly dose and dec-medicated salt-in reducing microfilarial (mf) prevalence at the community level. costs were estimated for each intervention in relation to both ingredient and activity, by the derivation and use of detailed itemized cost menus. the most expensive and most effective strategy in reducing community mf prevalence o ... | 1996 | 8765447 |
| histological evidence for adulticidal effect of low doses of diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. | the ability of diethylcarbamazine (dec) to kill adult wuchereria bancrofti worms was evaluated by examining lymphatic nodules formed after treatment with 4 different treatment schedules of 193 males living in the endemic area of greater recife, brazil. lymphatic nodules appeared in the spermatic cord or upper extremities in 43 of 138 microfilaraemic individuals, in 3 of 30 amicrofilaraemic patients with filarial disease manifestations, and in 1 of 25 asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic residents of th ... | 1996 | 8761588 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay to determine infection of aedes polynesiensis by wuchereria bancrofti. | the sensitivity of a previously described polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was improved to detect a single mosquito, infected by as few as 1-2 microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti, among 20-50 uninfected mosquitoes. wild-caught aedes polynesiensis were used to compare assessment of infection by dissection of individuals with the pcr assay of pools of mosquitoes. the pcr assay was at least as sensitive as dissection for detection of mosquitoes infected with w. bancrofti. | 1996 | 8761572 |
| estimation of the fecund life span of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area. | a stochastic approach appropriate for general use in endemic communities was applied to estimate the average yearly instantaneous rate of loss of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia from infected individuals, and gain by uninfected individuals, from longitudinal data. this method was shown to give similar results (i.e., the rate of loss was independent of age, while the rate of gain differed significantly between age classes) to a previously used method based on transmision interruption, provid ... | 1996 | 8761566 |
| comparative efficacy of house curtains impregnated with permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin or bendiocarb against the vector of bancroftian filariasis, culex quinquefasciatus, in matara, sri lanka. | 1996 | 8761561 | |
| past exposure and the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis infection in young children. | this study utilizes parallel, longitudinal entomological and parasitological data collected during a 5-year vector control programme in pondicherry, south india, to quantify wuchereria bancrofti transmission from the vector to the human population. a simple mathematical model, derived from the standard catalytic model, is used to examine the hypothesis that current infection prevalence in young children is a dynamical function of their cumulative past exposure to infective bites. maximum likelih ... | 1996 | 8760969 |
| amicrofilaraemic carriers of adult wuchereria bancrofti. | to determine the extent to which wuchereria bancrofti infections can be detected in asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic men in greater recife, brazil, we studied 100 asymptomatic men who were long-term residents (> or = 15 years) of this filariasis-endemic area and who were amicrofilaraemic in 60 microl of capillary blood collected at night. increasing amounts (1, 5, and 10 ml) of venous blood were collected in consecutive weeks, filtered, and examined for microfilariae; 27 men were eventually found t ... | 1996 | 8758079 |
| diagnostic potential of fractionated brugia malayi microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen for bancroftian filariasis. | due to the non-availability of sufficient parasite material from wuchereria bancrofti, a heterologous filarial antigen from brugia malayi has been investigated for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. b. malayi microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen (bmmfes) effectively inhibited the binding of circulating filarial antigen fractions (cfa2-1, 9, 11 and 12) from microfilaraemic cases, and of w. bancrofti microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen, to the immunoglobulin g (igg) fraction of an ... | 1996 | 8758067 |
| th1-like antifilarial immune responses predominate in antigen-negative persons. | to characterize immune responses associated with the putatively immune state in bancroftian filariasis (that is, both microfilaria and antigen free), humoral and cellular responses were compared among antigen- and microfilaria-negative, antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative, and microfilaria-positive individuals. antifilarial isotype levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses were measured by proliferation, by bioassay for interleu ... | 1996 | 8757821 |
| uptake and development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius pallas. | studies were conducted to compare early phenomena associated with w. bancrofti infection and further development in the filaria vector culex pipiens and the refractory mosquito aedes caspius. ingestion rates evaluated immediately after simultaneous feeding on an infected human were 69.1% for 43 cx. pipiens and 35.7% for 28 ae. caspius. the observed number of mf ingested by either mosquito did not vary significantly (2.7 +/- 1.4, and 2.3 +/- 0.9, respectively) and, based on the size of the blood ... | 1996 | 8754640 |
| a 16-year follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three communities of north-eastern tanzania. | the results of a 16-year, parasitological and clinical, follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three villages in north-eastern tanzania are reported and analysed with respect to the long-term development of microfilaraemia and disease. the study revealed an extraordinary static situation, both at the community level and at the individual level. no significant differences were observed in any of the three villages, with respect to total or age-specific prevalences of microfilaraemia, hydroc ... | 1995 | 8745941 |
| bancroftian filariasis: analysis of infection and disease in five endemic communities of north-eastern tanzania. | clinical and parasitological surveys for bancroftia filariasis were carried out in five endemic communities in north-eastern tanzania, covering a population of 3086 individuals. high microfilarial (mf) prevalences (17.7%-34.7%) and mf geometric mean intensities (251-1122 microfilariae/ml) were observed in the communities. the mf prevalence generally increased with age, but often levelled out in the older age groups. larger variability was observed in individual mf intensities and no clear associ ... | 1995 | 8745940 |
| lymphatic filariasis and the women of india. | lymphatic filariasis is a disease of the poor and underprivileged and has received little attention in the past. in particular, there has been a lack of gender sensitive research on women and lymphatic filariasis. women suffer from lymphatic filariasis to a great extent but embarrassment, shame, cultural constraints and social taboos are some of the reasons that refrain them from reporting problems and seeking help. women are thus silently bearing the brunt of this disease. this study has tried ... | 1996 | 8735896 |
| detection by ultrasound of living adult wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. | 1996 | 8734956 | |
| [combinations of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for improved control of lymphatic filariasis]. | since 1993, a three arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in french polynesia to compare the efficacy of single doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) 6 mg/kg vs. ivermectin (ivr) 400 micrograms/kg vs. the combination ivr 400 + dec 6 for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti mf carriers. of the 57 treated male patients, three groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the three treatments. twelve months after the first then the second treatment (m12 then m24) respectively, 3 ... | 1996 | 8731761 |
| mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis through community participation: comparative efficacy of a low monthly dose and medicated salt. | the efficacy of 2 strategies for the control of bancroftian filariasis using diethylcarbamazine (dec) mass chemotherapy delivered through community participation was evaluated and compared in 2 endemic communities in tanzania with pre-treatment microfilarial (mf) prevalences of 34.7% and 31.0%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) of 1122 mf/ml and 933 mf/ml, respectively. in the first community, all individuals aged > or = 1 year were offered treatment for one year with a low monthly dose (5 ... | 1996 | 8730318 |
| mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy of standard treatment and two semi-annual single-dose treatments. | the efficacy of 2 strategies for control of bancroftian filariasis using mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy was evaluated and compared in 2 endemic communities in tanzania with pre-treatment microfilarial (mf) prevalences of 28.5% and 17.7%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) of 588 mf/ml and 251 mf/ml, respectively. all individuals in the first community were offered dec treatment with 6 mg/kg body weight given daily for 12 d (standard treatment). the second community was offered d ... | 1996 | 8730317 |
| occurrence of living adult wuchereria bancrofti in the scrotal area of men with microfilaraemia. | to determine the frequency with which living adult wuchereria bancrofti can be detected by ultrasound in the scrotal area of men with filarial infection, we used a 7.5 mhz transducer to perform weekly ultrasound examinations on 100 microfilaraemic men (18-34 years old) from greater recife, brazil. the peculiar pattern of movement that characterizes the adult worm image on ultrasound (the filaria dance sign) was detected in the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord in 80 men (bilaterally in 29 ... | 1996 | 8730313 |
| descriptive epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | a national filariasis survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and clinical disease associated with lymphatic filariasis in ghana. multi-stage systematic sampling was used to select households to be examined in all 10 administrative regions of the country. the results showed a high prevalence of microfilaraemia and disease with considerable regional variation in all the quantities investigated. in general, the disease was more prev ... | 1996 | 8730304 |
| the late biting habit of parous anopheles mosquitoes and pre-bedtime exposure of humans to infective female mosquitoes. | using the all-night landing catch method (18:00-06:00) we showed, for anopheles gambiae in sierra leone and a. punctulatus in papua new guinea, that parous females have a tendency to bite later than nulliparous ones. the biting habit of sporozoite-infected a. punctulatus was also investigated. the sporozoite rates for plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax were 1.8 and 1.4% respectively, but only one (1.3%) of 76 females infected with p. falciparum was caught between 18:00 and 21:00. a significantly ... | 1996 | 8730303 |
| recovery of schistosoma haematobium eggs in venous blood collected for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 1996 | 8729632 | |
| effect of ivermectin on survival and fecundity of culex pipiens the vector of wuchereria bancrofti in egypt. | the effect of two different doses of ivermectin on the survival and fecundity of culex pipiens was evaluated. female mosquitoes (50 in each group), same age and generation, were fed once on blood from ivermectin-treated rabbits. comparative treatments consisted of two different doses of ivermectin (0.1 mg or 0.4 mg/kg of body weight), and mosquito groups were fed on the rabbits at 3 days and 10 days post-treatment respectively. mosquitoes were maintained with 10% sucrose solution, at 25 degrees ... | 1996 | 8721237 |
| host-parasite relationships of wuchereria bancrofti and mosquito hosts, culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius pallas. | we compared the defense mechanisms directed against wuchereria bancrofti by a filaria susceptible mosquito, culex pipiens, and a refractory one, aedes caspius. the reciprocal deleterious effects of both the mosquito host and its parasite are reported. anatomical and histological examinations of mosquitoes revealed minor differences in the general structure of the foregut of either species. the cibarial pump of ae. caspius, however, lacked a cibarial armature and damage inflicted to some of the m ... | 1996 | 8721232 |
| bancroftian filariasis: the patterns of filarial-specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg4, and circulating antigens in an endemic community of northeastern tanzania. | the profile of filarial-specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg4, and wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating antigen (og4c3) was analyzed in individuals one year of age and older in a community with high endemicity for bancroftian filariasis. the overall microfilarial (mf) prevalence in the examined population was 29%. fifty-one percent of the population were positive for igg1 (39% among mf-positive individuals and 63% among mf-negative individuals), whereas 90% were positive for igg4 (97% amo ... | 1996 | 8702025 |
| behavior of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) infective larvae in the vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera:culicidae) in relation to parasite transmission. | in french polynesia, aedes polynesiensis marks is the major vector of human filariasis caused by subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold). factors affecting transmission of infective larvae from vector to humans were assessed. the 66-100% loss of infective larvae during a blood meal was independent of the initial vector parasite burden. infective larvae were able to migrate to the mouthparts during a blood meal. blood feeding by mosquitoes to repletion was one important aspect in the escape of ... | 1996 | 8699443 |
| diagnosis of parasites in fine needle breast aspirates. | to document the value of fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) in the diagnosis of parasites in breast aspirates. | 1996 | 8693881 |
| short report: a case of fibrosing mediastinitis caused by wuchereria bancrofti. | wuchereria bancrofti is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode that commonly invades lymphatic vessels. common clinical manifestations include elephantiasis, orchitis, epididymitis, and chyluria. this report concerns an egyptian man who developed superior vena cava syndrome secondary to a mediastinal mass that was found to contain a filarial nematode consistent with w. bancrofti. this is the first case, to our knowledge, of this parasite causing fibrosing mediastinitis. | 1996 | 8686778 |
| transmission dynamics of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province, papua new guinea. | bancroftian filariasis is endemic in many areas of papua new guinea. this study describes the entomologic indices of transmission near dreikikir in east sepik province, papua new guinea. a total of 1,735 culicine mosquitoes, including culex and mansonia species, were dissected, but none were infected with filarial larvae. in contrast, anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were found to be potential vectors: 7.3% of anopheles were infected and the mean number of first- to third-stage larvae per ... | 1996 | 8686774 |
| ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal lymphatic vessels in young men with adult wuchereria bancrofti infection in the scrotal area. | we determined the prevalence and magnitude of dilatation of the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord in men infected with wuchereria bancrofti, which is known major cause of hydrocele in the tropics. | 1996 | 8683691 |
| apc from mice harbouring the filarial nematode, brugia malayi, prevent cellular proliferation but not cytokine production. | specific t cell hyporesponsiveness and depressed antibody production is a key feature of human infection with the filarial nematodes, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. despite this immune suppression, responses indicative of th2 subset activation are present, including unusually high levels of specific igg4. we tested the possibility that infection with filarial nematodes causes a reduction in the co-stimulatory or antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages resulting in a failure to activa ... | 1996 | 8671598 |
| filariasis in the kaiyamba chiefdom, moyamba district sierra leone: an epidemiological and clinical study. | in a cross-sectional epidemiological and clinical study of human filariasis, 630 individuals were examined for onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans infections in five communities in the kaiyamba chiefdom, moyamba district, sierra leone. the overall prevalence of o. volvulus infection in males 144(39.1%) and females 94(35.9%) was not significantly different and the sex prevalence rate between communities was also not significant (g = 3, d.f. = 4, p > 0.05). prevalence ... | 1996 | 8668763 |
| studies on the periodicity and intravascular distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in paired samples of capillary and venous blood from recife, brazil. | we examined the periodicity and intravascular distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and determined the effect of these parasite properties on the accuracy of blood filming and filtration methods for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in the endemic area of recife, brazil. microfilariae in both venous and capillary blood exhibited a nocturnal periodicity pattern with a relatively high amplitude. overall, capillary blood contained approximately 1.25 times the number of mf presen ... | 1996 | 8665395 |
| a survey of bancroftian filariasis among south-east asian expatriate workers in saudi arabia. | in a survey of bancroftian filariasis among expatriate workers from five south-east asian countries (india, bangladesh, sri lanka, thailand and the philippines) where human filariasis is endemic, 762 individuals were examined in the abha area (asir) of south-western saudi arabia. a prevalence of microfilaraemia of 3.5% and a mean mf density of 6.0/20 mm3 of blood was found among 259 indian males only. in three out of 9 microfilaraemic cases, clinical signs suggestive of filariasis were observed. ... | 1996 | 8665379 |
| mass administration of dec-medicated salt for filariasis control in the endemic population of karaikal, south india: implementation and impact assessment. | dec (diethylcarbamazine)-medicated salt, at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mg per 100 mg, was given to the entire population of karaikal (119 978) in south india for a 4-year period from 1982. the per capita consumption of dec in medicated salt was 13.3 grams for the entire period. the prevalence of microfilaraemia declined significantly from 4.5% in 1982 to 0.14% in 1985 and 0.4% in 1993. vector infection declined from 0.6% in 1982 to zero after two years. the mechanism of preparation and regula ... | 1996 | 8653820 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based technique for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples, hydrocele fluid, and mosquito vectors. | oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 490-basepair dna fragment in the 5' end of the pwb 12 repeated dna sequence in wuchereria bancrofti for specific amplification of w. bancrofti dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a single microfilaria in 100 microliter of blood or added to 1 ml of blood, a single third-stage larva in a pool of 20 uninfected mosquitoes, or 0.4 pg of w. bancrofti genomic dna added to 100 microliter of human blood or serum can be detected by this pcr method ... | 1996 | 8651375 |
| evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | to assess the utility of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, blood, plasma, and paraffin-embedded tissue samples were tested using a pcr-based assay that detects a w. bancrofti-specific repetitive dna sequence. the assay was positive in 100 microl of blood from 40 of 42 microfilaria-positive subjects, the 2 subjects with negative assays having microfilarial counts of 1. samples from 127 uninfected subjects were pcr-negative. the assay w ... | 1996 | 8648232 |
| the presence or absence of active infection, not clinical status, is most closely associated with cytokine responses in lymphatic filariasis. | twenty-eight brazilians from an area in which wuchereria bancrofti is endemic were classified as asymptomatic microfilaremic or having clinical filariasis with active infection or without current active infection. total accumulation of antigen-specific interleukin (il)-4 and il-5 in 48 h peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants was not significantly different between groups. however, when cytokine kinetics were examined, responses segregated according to infection status. sustained product ... | 1996 | 8648219 |
| microfilariae in cytologic smears: a report of six cases. | filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries, including india. despite this high incidence, it is unusual to find microfilariae in fine needle aspiration cytology. (fnac) smears and body fluids. six cases of filariasis diagnosed by fnac are reported. | 1996 | 8629415 |
| immunopurification and measurement of ige in serum samples from bancroftian filariasis patients. | patent infection with wuchereria bancrofti is associated with increased levels of filaria-specific igg4 and ige. in vitro quantification of filaria-specific ige is hampered by its small proportion in serum relative to other isotypes and by potential competition with igg4 for the same epitopes on parasite antigens. to determine if igg4 or other isotypes inhibit the detection of parasite-specific ige, total ige was affinity purified prior to filaria-specific ige enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ... | 1996 | 8627493 |
| high levels of spontaneous and parasite antigen-driven interleukin-10 production are associated with antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in human lymphatic filariasis. | to determine whether counterregulation by interleukin (il)-10 plays a role in the generation or maintenance of the antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness seen in asymptomatic microfilaremic (mf) patients, parasite antigen (pag)- and nonparasite antigen (npag)-driven il-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was studied in 10 mf patients and in ll patients with chronic lymphatic pathology (cp). pbmc from mf patients spontaneously secreted 10-fold more il-10 than did pbmc from pat ... | 1996 | 8627051 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of the parasite wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples. | to identify wuchereria bancrofti dna sequences that could be used as the basis for a simple and rapid parasite detection assay, a genomic library of w. bancrofti was constructed and screened for highly repeated dna. the repeat found with the highest copy number was 195 basepairs (bps) long, 77% at, and 300 copies per haploid genome. this sequence was designated the ssp i repeat because it has a unique recognition site for that restriction endonuclease in all or most of the repeat copies. the ssp ... | 1996 | 8615447 |
| [role of ivermectin in the prophylaxis of lymphatic filariasis]. | 1995 | 8609822 | |
| advantages of an annual single dose of ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine for community treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | in 1994 and 1995, 2 supervised single dose treatments for bancroftian filariasis were given to all inhabitants ( > 3500) aged > or = 3 years on a polynesian island. this island is divided into 4 political zones. each zone was treated with a different dosage of the combination ivermectin (ivr) and diethylcarbamazine (dec) as follows: (1) ivr 400 micrograms/kg plus dec 6mg/kg, (2) ivr 400 micrograms/kg alone, (3) dec 6 mg/kg alone (4) ivr 400 micrograms/kg plus dec 3 mg/kg. 1717 inhabitants (aged ... | 1995 | 8594696 |
| predominant cd8+ infiltrate in limb biopsies of individuals with filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis. | in 34 individuals with a spectrum of clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, we investigated whether immunoperoxidase-stained, random, superficial dermal biopsies could further elucidate the nature of the diffuse damage to superficial lymphatics that had been recently demonstrated by radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy. a total of 78% and 68% of limbs from patients with clinical disease and asymptomatic microfilaremia, respectively, contained en4+pal-e- lymphatic vessels that were abnorma ... | 1995 | 8561266 |
| lymphatic pathology in wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic infections. | to determine the extent of lymphatic disease in persons infected with wuchereria bancrofti who were microfilaraemic, we examined the superficial lymphatics of the legs by scintigraphy. in 4 endemic control subjects and in 10 of 14 clinically asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals, lymphoscintigraphy revealed one major channel of lymphatic drainage in each leg. however, while trunk lymphatics were bilaterally symmetrical in the control, marked differences in the calibre of lymphatic vessels wer ... | 1995 | 8560529 |
| a novel 95-kilodalton antigen of wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae identified by species-specific monoclonal antibodies. | cba and balb/c mice produced polyspecific and monospecific polyclonal antibody responses, respectively, following immunization with wuchereria bancrofti stage-3 larvae. two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced from the immunized balb/c mouse. these mabs (both isotype m) recognized a previously undescribed highly expressed w. bancrofti antigen present in stage-3 larvae. the epitopes bound by the mabs appear to be species specific for w. bancrofti since the mabs did not bind to antigens of e ... | 1996 | 8550196 |
| naturally acquired concomitant infections of bancroftian filariasis and human plasmodia in orissa. | blood smears collected from fever cases for detection of malaria parasites during daytime showed concomitant infections of wuchereria bancrofti from 1989 to 1991 in bisra phc of district sundargarh, orissa. of the total 51,448 blood smears examined, 18,444 (35.84%) were positive for malaria parasites which comprised 3401 (18.44%) plasmodium vivax, 14,524 (78.75%) p. falciparum, 156 (0.84%) p. malariae and 363 (1.97%) mixed plasmodial infections. only 240 (0.46%) cases were positive for w. bancro ... | 1995 | 8549837 |
| follow-up investigations on clinical manifestations after filariasis eradication by diethylcarbamazine medicated common salt on kinmen (quemoy) islands, republic of china. | from may to december 1993, a house-by-house survey was conducted on the changes in clinical manifestations of filariasis among 814 pre-control mf carriers in 88 villages of five towns/districts on kinmen islands. four hundred and sixteen (51%) pre-control mf carriers were examined physically with history taking. the rates of disappearance, improvement, no change, aggravation, and new occurrence were 72% (229), 6% (26), 14% (59), 6% (24) and 2% (8), respectively. the rates of disappearance and im ... | 1995 | 8544232 |
| filarial vector studies in a diethylcarbamazine-treated and in untreated villages in papua new guinea. | entomological studies were undertaken in three villages in the east sepik province of papua new guinea. the inhabitants of one village, nanaha, had been treated with diethylcarbamazine (dec) to reduce the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia of wuchereria bancrofti. no intervention was undertaken in the other two villages, yauatong and musenau, in which bancroftian filariasis was present but with markedly different human prevalence rates and mean parasite densities. in yauatong, infection r ... | 1995 | 8544229 |
| extensive diversity in repeat unit sequences of the cdna encoding the polyprotein antigen/allergen from the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. | the complete sequence of the cdna encoding the nematode polyprotein allergen/antigen (npa) of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus was obtained by immunoscreening of cdna expression libraries and by 5' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the encoded polypeptide is similar in sequence to the aba-1 allergen of ascaris, the gp15/400 'ladder' protein of brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti, and a 15-kda antigen of dirofilaria immitis. as with these, the predicted amino-a ... | 1995 | 8538702 |
| single doses of ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg-1: the most effective dosage in bancroftian filariasis. | forty-three wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given four successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 100). the geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentage as compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level was 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. however, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in several individuals: 15 have been considered as 'bad responders' and 28 as 'good responders' indiv ... | 1995 | 8525398 |
| bancroftian filariasis in two urban areas of recife, brasil: the role of individual risk factors. | bancroftian filariasis is spreading in towns of endemic areas in recife, northeastern brazil, where it is a major public health problem. this paper deals with the prevalence of microfilaraemia and filarial disease in two urban areas of recife, studying their association with individual characteristics and variables related to the exposure to the vectors. the parasitologic survey was performed through a "door-to-door" census and microfilaraemia was examined by the thick-drop technique using 45 mi ... | 1995 | 8525268 |
| a comparison of the og4c3 antigen capture elisa, the knott test, an igg4 assay and clinical signs, in the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | to compare methods for diagnosing bancroftian filariasis, six hundred and seventy four people from rural areas of papua new guinea were screened using microfilaraemia, the og4c3 antigen capture elisa, an elisa to detect igg4 specific antibodies and clinical examination. both elisa tests detected around twice the number of positive cases than those detected by the presence of microfilariae alone. no correlation was found with clinical signs and laboratory tests. this study raises concern over the ... | 1993 | 8516633 |