Publications

investigation of antibodies against toxocara canis in naturally infected puppies.	a investigation of antibodies against toxocara canis was carried out in 15 naturally infected puppies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. for this, four different antigens --eggs containing second stage larvae, larvae, adult worms and excretory-secretory products of larvae--were used. at the same time, autopsy and fecal examinations were carried out in these puppies. of the samples tested, 11 had adult worms and no eggs in the faeces were found in three puppies. the elisa values against four d ...	1982	7180241
induced toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, and isospora canis infections in coyotes.	six littermate laboratory-raised coyotes (no. 1-6) were used to study the transmission of toxoplasma gondii from cats and mice, and toxocara canis and isospora canis from dogs and mice. coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculated orally with 1,000 infective oocysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii; coyotes 3 and 4 were fed mice infected with tissue cysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii. eight days after inoculation with t gondii, the same 4 coyotes were exposed to toxocara canis: coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculate ...	1982	7174440
gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs in the western area--freetown (sierra leone).	a survey of faecal samples taken from 1277 dogs in the western area (freetown, sierra leone) revealed an infestation by ancylostoma caninum (46,1%), toxocara canis (13,5%), toxascaris leonina (5,9%), dipylidium caninum (3,8%), and spirocerca lupi (3,5%). sampling was made per rectum. the age of the dogs examined, both male and female, ranged from one month to fifteen years. the clinical picture of the dogs affected is described and methods of treatment are suggested.	1982	7171367
behavioral changes in mice infected with toxocara canis.		1982	7161817
migration of some roundworm species in experimentally infected white mice.	the migration of four roundworm species (ascaris suum, toxocara canis, t. cati and toxascaris leonina) was studied in various organs of experimentally infected white mice. the hatching of t. leonina and t. cati larvae in the paratenic host is more rapid (24-36 h) than the hatching of a. suum and t. canis larvae (1-6 days). the deposition of larvae in host organs is different in the individual species. maximum number of larvae in the liver: t. leonina and a. suum on day 4, t. canis on day 2 and t ...	1982	7160786
astrocytic hamartoma in tuberous sclerosis mimicking necrotizing retinochoroiditis.	a pale, elevated peripapillary lesion discovered in a young child with no family history of phakomatoses, grew larger, caused vitreous hemorrhage and underwent necrosis. secondary inflammation developed in the eye, finally producing rubeosis irides with elevated intraocular pressure and a blind, painful eye which required enucleation. clinically, the lesion was variably diagnosed and treated as toxoplasmosis and toxocara canis. these diagnoses were made despite low titres, a negative elisa test ...	1982	7153823
effects of nematode larvae (trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) on b-glucuronidase enzyme in experimentally infected mice.		1982	7153552
[visceral toxocara canis larva migrans].		1982	7146606
the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and other parasites in urban pound dogs in north-eastern victoria.	the results of a survey investigating the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and other helminth and protozoan infections in urban dogs in north-eastern victoria are presented. d. immitis was detected in 2.7% of the general population (8.3% of dogs older than 2 years). microfilariae of d. immitis were not detected in the peripheral circulation of 30% of dogs infected with the adult parasites. the most prevalent gastro-intestinal parasites were dipylidium caninum 57%; trichuris vulpis 41%; toxocara ...	1982	7115227
effect of febantel against ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis infections in dogs.	febantel was administered as a 3.4% paste to 45 dogs infected with 1 or more nematode species, which included ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. dosage levels of 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 consecutive days for a total of 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg were administered. at 15 mg/kg, all dogs were completely cleared of all nematode and cestode infections, including a caninum, t vulpis, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, taenia sp, and dipylidium caninum, ex ...	1982	7103181
[the larva precipitation test with ascaris suum and toxocara canis larvae].	investigations were made by means of a larvae precipitation test (lpt) on different laboratory animals (pigs and white mice, and pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs and white mice respectively) experimentally infected with ascaris suum and toxocara canis respectively for the serological evidence of specific a. suum and t. canis antibodies. living a. suum larvae isolated from the lungs of experimentally infected white mice forming oral, excretion porus and cuticula precipitates proved to be a suitable ant ...	1982	7081762
the intestinal helminths of the red fox and some other carnivores in southwest germany.	in south-west germany between 1975 and 1980, 3,573 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 84 badgers (meles meles), 47 stone martens (martes foina), and 387 cats (felis catus) were examined for intestinal helminths. in foxes the extent of infections was: taenia crassiceps 24%, t. polyacantha 8%, t. taeniaeformis 0.6%, t. serialis 0.5%, mesocestoides leptothylacus 20%, mesocestoides sp. 0.2%, toxocara canis 32%, toxascaris leonina 3%, uncinaria stenocephala 26%. one to three foxes harboured t. hydatigena, t. ...	1982	7072323
[toxocariasis in childhood. visceral larva migrans syndrome (author's transl)].	a case of toxocariasis in a 2(6)/12 years old boy is described. the visceral larva migrans syndrome usually is seen in preschool children. clinical symptoms were characterised by eosinophilia of more than 30%, leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, pulmonary infiltrations, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. there may be myocardial, ocular or central nervous system involvement, and a few affected children have died. the disease is caused by invasion of the body tissues by toxocara canis or cati larvae, often inge ...	1982	7062927
parasitological investigation of children's sand boxes and dog faeces from public areas in old housing districts of prague.	eggs and oocysts of 11 species of parasites were recorded in 21 of 50 sand boxes (200 samples) and in 66 (13.2%) of 500 dog faeces samples from parks and grassy areas in prague. toxocara canis was found in 12 sand boxes and in 4.2% of faeces samples and t. cati in one sand box and one sample of dog faeces.	1982	7061019
evaluation of granulated fenbendazole as a treatment for helminth infections in dogs.	a granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in 95 dogs harbouring naturally occurring infections of toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis, dipylidium caninum, and taenia spp and in 19 laboratory-reared beagle pups experimentally infected with toxascaris leonina. the drug was administered in moistened dry dog food or in canned dog food. in dosage titration and confirmational studies, using worm counts in naturally infected dogs, the drug was 98%-100% effective at a dosage ...	1982	7056663
development of the serological response in rabbits infected with toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina.	the indirect fluorescent antibody test using frozen sections of infective toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina eggs, and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using homogenized toxocara canis embryonated egg extract and t canis excretory-secretory products as adsorbed antigens were used to determine the specificity and development of circulating antibodies in rabbits. frozen sections were subdivided into four morphologically distinct compartments for analysis of the development of the circulati ...	1982	7043808
[toxocara canis as a cause of visceral larva migrans. survival and development of eggs in the environment and potential ways of transmission to man: a review].	a review is given on the occurrence of toxocariasis, the prevalence of t. canis among dogs and investigations on the prevalence of infective ova in soil- and sandsamples. the resistance of ascarid eggs and larvae against different environmental influences, including various sewage treatment-effects is discussed. the eggs are destroyed in 7 minutes when kept at 55 degrees c in a high humidity, slower when the humidity is lowered. when the temperature is -32 degrees c t. canis eggs are inactivated ...	1982	7043391
[serological demonstration of experimental round worm infections-ascaris suum, toxocara canis--in swine by means of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test].	by means of indirect immunofluorescent antibody reaction (ifar), using serum of experimentally infected pigs, various antigens were studied with regard to their usefulness for serological verification of prepatent ascaris suum and toxocara canis infections. eggs, egg larvae, larvae received from livers, lungs and brains of experimentally infected white mice and sections of adult t. canis as well as eggs, egg larvae, liver larvae and sections of frozen adult a. suum proved to be not suitable for ...	1981	7039425
[serological differentiation of ascaris suum and toxocara canis infections in pigs (author's transl)].	groups of eight miniature pigs were infected either with 1,500 embryonated eggs each of ascaris suum or toxocara canis or with 1,000 eggs each of both nematodes. sera were sampled before the infection as well as three and six weeks postinfection and then investigated in the elisa on microtitre plates against antigens of various developmental stages. when extracts of adult ascaris and toxocara worms were used as antigens, distinct reactions were registered both in the infected and in the uninfect ...	1981	7032103
[effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) and toxocara canis werner 1892 (anisakidae). 3. immunofluorescent serological studies of antibody levels in treated and untreated dogs].		1981	7027683
prevalence of toxocara canis in babies and in adults as determined by the elisa test.		1980	7020214
field trials with nitroscanate against cestodes and nematodes in dogs.	clinical trials were carried out to test the safety and efficacy of the anthelmintic, nitroscanate, against naturally acquired helminth infections. the trials involved 418 dogs, of which 252 were treated with one or other of two different tablet formulations of nitroscanate. a coarse particle formulation given in two doses each of 200 mg per kg reduced the worm burden of taenia spp and dipylidium caninum by 100 per cent and echinococcus granulosus by 94.1 per cent in farm dogs. given as a single ...	1980	6990596
eosinophilia, granuloma formation and migratory behaviour of larvae in the congenitally athymic mouse infected with toxocara canis.	peripheral blood eosinophilia, histology of skeletal muscle and brain, and larval recovery were compared between congenitally athymic nude mice (nu/nu) and thymus-bearing heterozygous littermates (nu/+) for 6 weeks following oral infection with toxocara canis eggs. by comparing patterns of peripheral blood eosinophil levels in nu/+ and nu/nu, two types of eosinophilias, one t cell dependent and the other independent, were observed. eosinophil infiltration and granuloma formation around larvae in ...	1982	6983050
toxocara canis: t lymphocyte function in murine visceral larva migrans and eosinophilia onset.		1980	6965279
[roundworm infection (toxocara and toxascaris) in dogs in the netherlands (author's transl)].	the incidence of roundworm infections was determined by examination of the faeces in a total number of 544 adult dogs in the netherlands during the period from 1972 to 1977. the incidence of roundworm infections varied from 13 to 34 per cent (average 22.9 per cent) during this period, from 2 to 31 per cent (average 14.5 per cent) for toxocara canis infections, from 8 to 15 per cent (average 11.2 per cent) for toxascaris leonina infections and from 0 to 11 per cent (average 2.8 per cent) for comb ...	1980	6929575
toxocara canis: the risks of infection.		1980	6928062
toxocariasis in an institution for the mentally retarded.	a seroepidemiologic investigation was conducted in order to determine the cause of an apparent increase in rates of eosinophilia among 1400 institutionalized children during 1976-1977. the annual serologic survey during this period revealed 283 (20%) individuals with eosinophilia that exceeded 600 cells/cu mm of blood. during a five-month period in 1977, five patients who were hospitalized in adjacent wards developed acute pneumonia with eosinophilia. because laboratory tests of sputum, bone mar ...	1981	6912220
activity of ivermectin against canine intestinal helminths.	the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was tested in 98 dogs against adult ascarids (toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina), hookworms (ancylostoma caninum, a braziliense), and whipworms (trichuris vulpis), and against experimentally induced infections (4th-stage larvae) of t canis and a caninum. dosage levels tested were single subcutaneous injections of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of body weight with appropriate vehicle-treated controls. a minimum of 4 (usually 5) dogs were tested with ea ...	1982	6897345
survival rates of parasite eggs in sludge during aerobic and anaerobic digestion.	the effects of mesothermic anaerobic or aerobic sludge digestion on survival of eggs from the roundworms ascaris suum, toxocara canis, trichuris vulpis, and trichuris suis and from the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta were studied. destruction of eggs throughout a 15-day treatment period, as well as their viabilities after reisolation, was analyzed. the laboratory model digesters used in this study were maintained at a 15-day retention schedule, partially simulating a continuously operating sys ...	1982	6891199
determination of the specific gravity of certain helminth eggs using sucrose density gradient centrifugation.	the specific gravities of ten species of helminth eggs were determined using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. fecal or egg concentrate was layered over a 3 to 54% sucrose density gradient. the gradient was then centrifuged at 800 g for 20 min, allowing 5 min for acceleration and 5 for deceleration. bands formed were identified and measured. refractive index was measured at the middle of narrow bands, or at the level at which the concentration of eggs was highest, in the case of wide band ...	1982	6890102
[eosinophilic infiltrate with reference to toxocara canis. apropos of a case in an adult].	larva migrans syndromes are rare affections that occur mainly in young children. the usual parasite involved is toxocara canis, its presence in humans leading to encystment of the larvae and an eosinophilic granulomatous reaction. a case of an adult with this affection is reported, and clinical aspects and diagnostic and therapeutic problems discussed.	1983	6878113
neuropathological studies of experimental toxocariasis in lead exposed mice.	binghamton heterogeneous stock mice intubated with embryonated eggs from the common parasite of dogs, toxocara canis, display dramatic alterations in behavior. many of these behavioral changes are markedly attenuated if mice are maintained also on a drinking solution containing lead acetate. the data presented here, however, show that the extensive neural degeneration of the cns occurs after t. canis infection and that the nature and extent of this degeneration is similar, regardless of whether ...	1983	6860979
cytosolic malate dehydrogenase in muscle extracts of toxocara canis.	1. malate dehydrogenase (l-malic acid:nad+ oxydoreductase, ec 1.1.1.37) was partially purified from muscle extracts of toxocara canis by means of gel chromatography in sephadex g-150 and affinity chromatography in sepharose-4b-blue dextran. 2. the purified enzyme was very active in reducing oxalacetate and less active in oxidizing l-malate. it was inhibited by excess oxalacetate but not by l-malate. 3. the kinetic parameters of the enzyme were obtained and these included: ph and temperature opti ...	1983	6851482
visceral larva migrans: examinations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human sera for antibodies to excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of serum antibodies to visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis). excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of toxocara canis were used as antigen to coat the polystyrene plates. with sera from patients high antibody titers were observed in both ocular and visceral disorders. cross-reactions due to other parasitic infections could be excluded, including other migrating larval infections such as ascariasis, trichinellos ...	1983	6837095
work in progress: radionuclide imaging of indium-111-labeled eosinophils in mice.	eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected intravenously into sensitized mice. they became localized at sites of inflammation produced by intradermal injections of schistosomal antigen or toxocara canis larvae, whereas labeled neutrophils did not. intense uptake of eosinophils by normal spleen, liver, and bone marrow was noted, with tracer distribution effectively complete by 5 hours after injection. indium-111-eosinophil studies appear to be qu ...	1983	6836137
serologic diagnosis of toxocara canis infection.	visceral larval migrans (vlm) caused by toxocara canis presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with eosinophilia. although the presence of increased serum ige and isohemagglutinin titers are useful screening tests, the specific diagnosis rests on identification of larvae in biopsy specimens of tissues or serologic tests for specific antibody to the toxocara organism. a 2-year-old boy with marked eosinophilia associated with milk respiratory tract illness had negative indirect hemaggl ...	1980	6768136
the use of an excretory-secretory antigen for an elisa specific sero-diagnosis of visceral larva migrans.	in sera from patients with visceral larva migrans (vlm) syndrome, enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (elisa) was used to detect igg and ige antibody anti-excretory-secretory antigen (esa) from the second larval stage of toxocara canis. the technical conditions of the assay were determined. the specificity of igg elisa-esa (with od values greater than 0.34) allowed the differentiation of vlm syndrome from ascaris or other human parasite infections.	1982	6751420
induction of peripheral blood eosinophilia in mice by excretory and secretory antigen of toxocara canis larvae.	medium in which t. canis larvae had been cultured was applied to a sephadex g-25 gel column and four fractions (fr. 1-fr. 4) were isolated. each fraction was administered to mice by implanting a mini-osmotic pump into the peritoneal cavity and the subsequent peripheral blood eosinophilic counts were recorded. mice given fr. 1 showed a markedly greater eosinophilic response than did those given the other fractions. complement activation by each fraction was investigated using normal human serum. ...	1984	6747257
toxocara canis infection in dogs in beersheba, israel.	in the desert city of beersheba, israel, a survey was made of the infection rate of toxocara canis in dogs. 3.0% of dogs destroyed at the municipal dog pound had intestinal t. canis. 7% of faecal samples gathered from day care centres throughout the city were shown to contain t. canis eggs. this low rate of infection could possibly be explained by the hot, arid climatic conditions which may render eggs non-infective or by the sandy soil in the area that may cover faeces containing t. canis ova a ...	1984	6747256
[ocular toxocariasis. diagnostic and therapeutic attainments].	toxocara canis is nematode parasite of dogs. children are particularly subject to infestation, however the larva remains quiescent at stage ii. toxocara can localize in the eye and induce a variety of clinical manifestations. a case of ocular toxocara is presented in which there was granulomatous endophthalmitis. immunologic testing was negative in the serum but positive in the vitreous, where numerous eosinophils and plasma cells where found. vitreous and aqueous ige levels were elevated. corti ...	1984	6747214
toxocara antigen and mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis for diagnosis of visceral larva migrans: clinical and experimental findings in macaques and human beings.	peripheral lymphocytes from macaques inoculated with toxocara canis and from children with serologically confirmed visceral larva migrans (vlm) were assayed for blastogenic responses using toxocara antigen and standard mitogens. macaques were given single or multiple larval infections. lymphocyte responses of inoculated macaques were compared with responses from noninoculated macaques. similarly, lymphocyte responses from 2 serologically confirmed human toxocara vlm patients were compared with t ...	1984	6742587
helminth parasites of wild foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) in the netherlands.	to study the helminth fauna of wild foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the netherlands, material was collected from 139 foxes. the following parasites were found. cestodes: taenia spp. 53.3%, hymenolepis spp. 1.5%; trematodes: alaria alata 10.9%, cryptocotyle lingua 3.6%, euparyphium melis 1.5%, apophallus donicus 0.7%; nematodes: toxocara canis 73.7%, uncinaria stenocephala 59.9%, capillaria aerophila 46.8%, c. plica 23.5%, molineus patens 5.1%, crenosoma vulpis 4.5%, strongyloides spp. 0.7%. the tapewor ...	1984	6741217
metazoan parasites of dogs in sabah, malaysia.	the parasites which occurred most frequently in 175 owned or stray dogs in sabah were ancylostoma spp. present in 68% of the animals. dirofilaria immitis occurred in 70% of the adult dogs but neither d. immitis nor spirocerca lupi were present in puppies under four months of age. the latter attained a prevalence of 30% in the adults. in contrast toxocara canis occurred in 81% of the puppies but infrequently in older dogs. dipylidium caninum was moderately prevalent (15 to 25%) in dogs of all age ...	1984	6730003
toxocara canis infection: clinical and epidemiological associations with seropositivity in kindergarten children.	to determine epidemiological and clinical associations with toxocara canis seropositivity, we studied 333 (87%) children of a cohort of 383 five- to seven-year-olds. the prevalence of seropositivity (antibody titer to t canis, greater than or equal to 1:32) was 23.1%. black children were more frequently seropositive than were white children, as were children of parents who did not graduate from high school. in a sample of seropositive and seronegative children, seropositivity was associated with ...	1984	6725991
anthelmintic effect of febantel/praziquantel paste in dogs and cats.	a paste formulation of 3.4% febantel and 0.34% praziquantel was given in soft food at a rate of 0.29 g/kg of body weight, once daily for 3 days to dogs and cats. eleven of 12 dogs were naturally infected with ancylostoma caninum, 10 with trichuris vulpis, 2 with toxocara canis, 5 with taenia sp, and 3 with dirofilaria immitis. ten of 11 cats were naturally infected with toxocara cati, 2 with ancylostoma tubaeforme, 3 with taenia sp, 5 with capillaria aerophila, and 1 with paragonimus kellicotti. ...	1984	6703448
characterization of surface and excretory-secretory antigens of toxocara canis infective larvae.	the surface antigens of toxocara canis infective larvae have been identified by radio-iodination and compared with the excretory-secretory (es) products released by the larvae in vitro. common antigens, of molecular weight 32 000 and 120 000 are found on the larval surface, in the es material and in culture supernatant following surface iodination of living t. canis larvae. the 120 000 antigens consist of three closely migrating bands in each of these preparations. however, one prominent es comp ...	1984	6701003
toxocara canis infection of the eye. correlation of clinical observations with developing pathology in the primate model.	a primate model for the study of toxocara canis infection was created by intravitreal, periocular, systemic, and intracarotid injection of viable larvae in cynomolgus monkeys. the results were as follows: (1) intravitreal larvae caused retinal hemorrhages, perivasculitis, mild vitritis, and retinal nodules. (2) apparently viable larvae without inflammatory reaction were found in the vitreous, retina, and optic nerves up to nine months after intravitreal inoculation. (3) other larvae were surroun ...	1984	6696677
experimental ocular toxocariasis: a mouse model.	male mice, strain c57 black, were infected with toxocara canis by a single intragastric dose of 1500 infective eggs. the eyes were studied at sequential time periods after infection (6 to 63 days) by conventional microscopic techniques, and the histological characteristics of the inflammatory response were recorded. in the majority of animals the disease was unilateral. twenty-six larvae were found in the retina, in the retinal vessels, and in the subretinal space in 20 eyes, while in 29 eyes th ...	1984	6691961
activation of complement in c-reactive protein positive sera by phosphorylcholine-bearing component isolated from parasite extract.	phosphorylcholine-bearing component levels in extracts of various parasites were determined by a capillary precipitin test using anti-phosphorylcholine ig a myeloma protein. tepc-15. phosphorylcholine was demonstrated as a structural component not only in nematodes but also in trematodes and cestodes. the phosphorylcholine-bearing component was isolated from an extract of toxocara canis larvae using a tepc-15-sepharose 4b column. the component reacted with c-reactive protein in sera to form one ...	1983	6684760
the measurement of ascaris suum protein by radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with helminthiasis and with gastrointestinal diseases.	in this study, we have developed a reliable radioimmunoassay (ria) for ascaris suum protein (asp) and have measured the serum concentration of asp in control subjects and in patients with helminthiasis and a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. the cross-reactivities of asp antibody with other helminth worm antigens were also measured by ria. ascaris lumbricoides contained approximately the same amount of asp antigenic substance as did ascaris suum. toxocara canis had a high concentration of a ...	1983	6682964
preliminary study on the follow-up observations of the antibodies and circulating antigens in canine toxocariasis.	in the sera of dog fetuses and newborn puppies, no antibody to toxocara canis was found but an elevation of the circulating toxocaral antigens (cta). in the mother dogs, detectable igg and igm antibodies were found. the igg antibodies gradually increased in the course of this observation. the most elevated levels of iga antibodies were observed one month after birth. the same was true for the cta levels. there was no placental transfer of the antibodies nor could they be transferred from the mot ...	1983	6673419
the iga antibody activities in relation to the parasitologic status of toxocara canis in dogs.	in this study, the relationship between the iga antibody activities to toxocara canis infection in dogs and their parasitologic status has been examined. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to the sera of dogs for the detection of the specific iga antibodies and at the same time, autopsy and stool examination were performed on these dogs. the most elevated iga antibody levels were observed in the one-month age group of puppies. thereafter, the levels gradually decreased until six a ...	1983	6673418
some observations on the experimental infection of white mice with toxocara canis.		1983	6663101
[larval toxocariasis in a 40-year-old man with detection of larvae in a liver biopsy].	a 40-year old cattle feeder has been suffering from indigestion, leukocytosis and conspicuous eosinophilia for about 4 years. a sample of liver tissue was taken during gastrectomy and multiple allergic granulomas rich in eosinophilia leukocytes were found. toxocara canis was identified in serial sections outside the granulomas. larval toxocariasis was confirmed by a high level of specific antibodies which failed to decrease even after administration of mintezol antithelmintic. in this country, t ...	1983	6661784
the effect of toxocara canis infection on the behaviour of mice.		1983	6660962
experimental toxocara canis infection in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis).	visceral larva migrans was produced in 16 cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) experimentally inoculated with 45,000 embryonated eggs of toxocara canis as a single bolus or in 3 divided doses. the hematologic and serologic changes were similar to those observed in children with visceral toxocara infection. neurologic signs developed in 3 animals and were characterized by ataxia and nystagmus. growth rates were diminished in inoculated animals when compared with the rates in noninoculated co ...	1983	6660626
detection of specific igm antibodies to toxocaral es antigen: effect of absorption of sera with protein a sepharose.	the activity of both the igg and igm antibodies to es antigen from toxocara canis larvae was tested before and after absorption of sera by protein a sepharose 4b (pasb). for this purpose, the elisa technique was applied to the sera from 12 dogs and 6 infants. the effect of absorption of sera by pasb was as follows. the average values before and after absorption in dog sera were 0.11 and 0.02, respectively. the same effect was observed in the infant sera. of the 12 dog sera tested, four had a ele ...	1983	6659738
experimental ocular toxocara canis and ascaris suum infection: in vivo and in vitro study.		1983	6659031
the igm antibody activities in relation to the parasitologic status of toxocara canis in dogs.	in order to interpret the relation between the igm antibody activities to toxocara canis (t. canis) and the parasitologic status, sera from puppies and adult dogs were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. at the same time, autopsy was performed on these dogs for counting the number of t. canis worms and stool examination was carried out for observing the fertilization of eggs. the rates of infection by t. canis in the dogs decreased with age. the number of worms in the intestines r ...	1983	6649984
a relation between antibody response and acetylcholinesterase activity in dogs and rabbits infected with toxocara canis.	a relation between igg antibodies and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activities was observed in the sera of dogs and rabbits infected with toxocara canis (t. canis). no antibodies were found in the sera of dogs' fetuses and newborns, more over their ache levels were lower than the ones registered in the sera of adult dogs. the ache levels of both, the mother dog and the newborn puppies, reached the same level 3 months after delivery. similar results were obtained in the sera of puppies and adult do ...	1983	6649983
prevalence of helminth parasites of dogs in lusaka, zambia.	eighty-five dogs were examined and the numbers and types of helminth parasites found were recorded. forty per cent of the dogs were infected with one or more helminth parasites. the most prevalent helminths were the cestodes dipylidium caninum (24.7%) and taenia hydatigena (17.64%). infections were evenly distributed with sex of host. juvenile dogs were more commonly infected with toxocara canis than adults whereas all other helminths were found more in adult dogs.	1983	6649062
[viscera larva migrans syndrome in children: description of a case].	the aa describe a case of larva migrans visceral syndrome in a two year-old boy in systemic form with negative outcome. the autoptic examination showed a "granulomatous hepatitis with marked component of eosinophil cells'. the presence of "eosinophil granuloma' in liver has led to the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans syndrome; other possible causes of ipereosinophilous syndrome have been excluded on the basis of anamnestic, clinic and laboratory data. the discovery in the medical history of f ...	1983	6647089
the accumulation of toxocara canis larvae in the brains of mice.		1983	6642866
further observations concerning the diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome.	diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) is a clinical syndrome characterized early by visual loss, vitritis, papillitis, and recurrent crops of gray-white retinal lesions and later by progressive visual loss, optic atrophy, retinal vessel narrowing, and diffuse pigment epithelial degeneration. evidence is presented that it is caused by a nematode that is probably not toxocara canis; that at least two nematodes of different sizes are involved; that there are at least two endemic areas f ...	1983	6639421
in vitro interaction of eosinophils from ascarid-infected eyes with ascaris suum and toxocara canis larvae.	the role of eosinophils in ocular ascarid infection is studied in an animal model. primary intravitreal infection of guinea-pig eyes with ascarid (toxocara canis, ascaris suum) second-stage (l2) larvae resulted in an anterior chamber exudate containing 98% or more eosinophils. anterior chamber aspirates were cultured in rpmi media 1640 with t. canis or a. suum l2 larvae at 37 degrees c for 1-96 hours. the in vitro interaction of eosinophils with l2 larvae was studied by light, and scanning and t ...	1983	6618795
toxocara canis endophthalmitis with low elisa titer.	a five-year old boy had clinical findings consistent with ocular toxocariasis, blood eosinophilia, and repetitive negative (titer 1:2) elisa. the eye was enucleated and larval fragments consistent with toxocara were present within an eosinophilic granuloma in the vitreous cavity overlying a chorioretinal scar entrance site.	1983	6606373
sclerosing endophthalmitis in children: computed tomography with histopathologic correlation.	three children with histopathologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis presumably secondary to toxocara canis were studied by orbital computed tomography. the diffuse increased intraocular density present in the ct scans was indistinguishable from that observed in coats's disease and non-calcifying retinoblastoma. although retinoblastoma constitutes the major life-threatening cause of leukocoria in children, a number of other simulating conditions (pseudoglioma) can cause diagnostic confus ...	1983	6605422
ocular toxocara canis infection: clinical and experimental features.		1983	6604970
trapping of large numbers of larvae in the livers of toxocara canis-reinfected mice.	congenitally athymic nude mice (balb/c-nu/nu) and balb/c-nu/+ were infected with 500 embryonated toxocara canis eggs. six weeks later they were reinfected with the same number of eggs. the liver and other organs were examined for numbers of 2nd-stage larvae at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after reinfection. far more larvae were trapped in the liver after reinfection than after the primary infection but fewer were found in the livers of balb/c-nu/nu than in balb/c-nu/+ mice.	1983	6603485
comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis with indirect haemagglutination test in the detection of antibodies in rabbits experimentally infected with various species of ascarids.	counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) and indirect haemagglutination (iha) were used for the detection of antibodies in 437 sera of rabbits experimentally infected with ascaris suum, toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina. ciep showed 44.0-52.3% positivity in a. suum, 25.5% in t. canis and 19.7-29.2% in t. leonina infection, whereas the positivity detected by iha was 59.8-90.2% in a. suum, 44.8% in t. canis and 59.6% in t. leonina infection. a comparison of the two tests reveals that ciep is a suit ...	1984	6589203
toxocariasis: a neglected entity.	toxocara canis infects many dogs yet has been seldom implicated as a cause of human disease in new zealand. nine patients with diagnostic titres for toxocara canis who were seen in christchurch hospital over a five-year period are described. ophthalmoscopic signs of toxocaral infection were visible at the optic disc or posterior pole of all ten affected eyes. a localised disciform detachment of the macula or a focal granuloma on the disc or retina were the commonest lesions. vision was reduced t ...	1983	6578425
anthelmintic effect of levamisole, ivermectin, albendazole and fenbendazole on larval toxocara canis infection in mice.	the anthelmintic effects of levamisole (100-50 mg kg-1 live bodyweight), ivermectin (2 mg kg-1 bodyweight), albendazole and fenbendazole (both 100 mg kg-1 bodyweight), were tested against second stage toxocara canis larvae in mice. anthelmintic treatment on days 2 to 7 after infection inclusive resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) retention of larvae in the liver, and fewer larvae migrated subsequently to the brain and the musculature of treated mice compared to untreated controls. most of ...	1984	6546805
antibody responses to toxocara canis using sera from parasite-infected mice and protection from toxocariasis by immunisation with es antigens.	evidence for serological cross-reactions between toxocara canis and related nematode parasites has been sought using sera from infected mice and the immunodiagnostic excretory/secretory (es) antigen of t. canis larvae. sera from mice experimentally infected with either t. canis, t. cati, t. pteropodis, toxascaris leonina or ascaris suum were tested for the presence of antibodies to t. canis es antigen by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using anti-m ...	1984	6543490
the migration of larval toxocara canis in mice. ii. post-intestinal migration in primary infections.	following oral infection of nih mice with toxocara canis embryonated eggs the l2 pass the visceral phase of migration during te first week of infection. larvae reach the liver and lungs and peak in number in these organs 2 and 3 days after infection, respectively. larvae are then dispersed throughout the body and enter the myotropic--neurotropic phase by the 7th day of infection. larvae injected directly into the brain are capable of migrating into the viscera and musculature. considerable patho ...	1984	6543063
the migration of larval toxocara canis in mice. i. migration through the intestine in primary infections.	toxocara canis second stage larvae (l2) hatched in the stomach of mice and within 2 h reached all parts of the small intestine, the posterior half being the preferred site for larval penetration. following penetration at the base of crypts of leiberkuhn they followed tortuous routes in the lamina propria, and entered the tunica muscularis obliquely. larvae only appeared to be arrested in their migration in the submucosa and lamina propria by an inflammatory reaction composed mainly of lymphocyte ...	1984	6543062
prevalence and survival of toxocara canis eggs in the urban environment of perth, australia.	using a technique of proven efficiency no toxocara canis eggs were recovered from a total of 266 sand samples collected from "dog beaches" and parks in the perth urban area. this observation emphasises that the major risk to humans is from an environment in which puppies are found. other observations, made at a heavily contaminated site, showed that the eggs of t. canis disappeared from sandy soil over about 6 months during a period in which it would have been expected that conditions were favou ...	1984	6542727
[mouse strain difference in visceral larva migrans of toxocara canis].	the mode of larval migration (visceral larva migrans) in toxocara canis infection was compared for balb/c, c57bl/6, c3h/he, dba/2, nc and balb/c nude mice following oral infection with 400 eggs. the mean recovery of larvae from the liver on day 2 post infection (pi) was not different in terms of the strain, age or sex of the mice. the number of larvae recovered from the liver decreased in all strains on days 6, 12 and 21 pi, but the mean for balb/c and (nc x balb/c) f1 mice was significantly hig ...	1984	6542020
experimental toxocariasis in mice and its effect on their behaviour.	when compared to uninfected controls, mice infected with second-stage larvae of toxocara canis exhibited: (1) impaired motor performance, (2) increased ambulatory activity, (3) a greater relative preference for more exposed areas and (4) a greater overall preference for novel environments. the infected mice also appeared to show less approach-avoidance conflict and seemed less cautious when presented with novel stimuli. these behavioural differences were independent of measures of general health ...	1984	6540073
visceral larva migrans: a risk assessment in baton rouge, louisiana.	visceral larva migrans, vlm, is a disease of young children. due to lack of awareness of the disease as well as its non-specific symptomology, a survey of the potential risk of acquiring the disease was conducted in the baton rouge, louisiana area. the greatest number of dogs showing positive results to tests for the presence of the eggs of toxocara canis were those less than one year of age. very few of the soil samples collected from twenty different parks/playgrounds were found to contain egg ...	1984	6534905
prevalence of toxocariasis and echinococcosis among dogs in the niger delta.	a sample of 60 dogs in the port harcourt area of the niger delta was examined for intestinal parasites. the high prevalence rates of toxocara canis (56.6%) and echinococcus granulosus (85.0%) in the area are discussed in relation to public health. other parasites found in dogs include toxascaris leonina (3.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (70.0%), dipylidium caninum (88.3%), trichuris vulpis (56.7%), ancylostoma caninum (65.0%) and taenia hydatigenia (43.3%).	1984	6530709
haematological and serological data from dogs raised worm-free and monospecifically infected with helminths.	pups free from helminth infection were obtained by treating the bitch prior to parturition, and the bitch and her pups after whelping, with oxfendazole and praziquantel. they were then housed in an area free from contamination with helminth eggs. freedom from infection was confirmed by necropsy examinations and by serological tests using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). groups of pups were infected with toxocara canis, echinococcus granulosus, taenia ovis, t. pisiformis and t. hyda ...	1984	6525114
repeated patent infection of adult dogs with toxocara canis.	three adult male greyhounds have been repeatedly infected with toxocara canis by oral administration of 100 to 200 infective ova. each infection has become patent as shown by the presence of eggs in faeces. anthelmintic treatment between 7 and 14 weeks after infection yielded an average of 25% of the inoculum as adult worms. these dogs have continued to be fully susceptible to infection despite repeated exposure to this parasite, and despite the presence of serum antibody to both parasite surfac ...	1984	6520377
[visceral larva migrans in childhood: report of 2 cases].	reports of visceral larva migrans (vlm) are not frequent in brazil, but the prevalence of this disease may be more common due to poor environmental conditions to which most of the children are exposed. the most common infectious agent is toxocara canis, a parasite of the intestinal tract of dogs. children get infected eating contaminated material with feces of dogs. the ova are swallowed and reach the intestinal lumen of the children. systemic migration occurs by lymphatic or portal circulation ...	1984	6517736
a five-year analysis of diseases of dogs and cats in the veterinary clinic of freetown, sierra leone.	a survey is presented of the diagnoses found in 2938 dogs and 32 cats, treated between january 1976 and january 1980 at the veterinary clinic of freetown. more than one third of the dogs (1175) and 13 cats were infected by ancylostoma spp., whereas toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina were encountered in 236 and 232 dogs, respectively. noteworthy is also the relatively high figure of 12 dogs affected by negri bodies (rabies). it is pointed out that dogs and cats move about fairly freely in the ...	1984	6508729
immunoradiometric assay for quantitation of dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs with heartworm infections.	an immunoradiometric assay (irma) was developed, optimized, and validated for detection of parasite-specific antigen in sera from hosts with filarial infections, using dirofilaria immitis in dogs as a model. the precision, reproducibility, and parallelism of the irma were examined, using precision profile analysis. the irma had acceptable precision and reproducibility [less than 15% intra-assay coefficient of variation (cv)] over a working range of 10 to 2,000 ng of d immitis-antigen (ag)/ml. th ...	1984	6497105
[retinoblastoma--clinical diagnostic errors].	the author discusses clinical and histological findings in 6 patients whose complaints had been wrongly diagnosed, out of 91 patients in whom a retinoblastoma had been diagnosed at the ophthalmo-pathological laboratory of the university eye hospital in utrecht between 1960 and 1981. in 6 other cases the diagnosis was doubtful. all the cases occurred before 1974. the faulty diagnoses were: spontaneously necrotized retinoblastoma, congenital anomaly, retinal detachment, infection with toxocara can ...	1984	6482302
effect of thiabendazole on the migration of toxocara canis larvae in the mouse.	the effects of thiabendazole on the survival and migration of toxocara canis larvae in mice were studied. although thiabendazole had a negligible larvicidal effect, it produced marked inhibition of the migration of the larvae in tissues. larvae were arrested in the liver after oral inoculation and in the lungs after intravenous inoculation. observations indicated that the drug may have a reversible, as well as a progressive, time-related metabolic effect on the larvae. significant inhibition of ...	1984	6470886
[distribution of toxocara canis in puppies in bulgaria].		1984	6465617
meandering ocular toxocariasis.	ocular toxocariasis affects the eye in three recognizable patterns: a peripheral inflammatory mass in a quiet eye, posterior pole granuloma, or painless endophthalmitis. the present case photographically documents a new form of ocular involvement, that of periodic intraretinal meandering, followed by quiescence with encapsulation, reemergence, and renewed migration. the similar behavior of the toxocara canis larva in the animal model and the serologic confirmation of toxocara canis by elisa test ...	1984	6463400
[distribution of migrating larvae of toxocara canis (werner, 1782) in various organs of experimentally infected white mice (author's transl)].		1980	6446415
interrelationship of eosinophilia and ige antibody production to larval es antigen in toxocara canis infected mice.	in order to elucidate the relationship between eosinophilia and ige antibody production in parasitic infection, the degree of eosinophilia and ige antibody levels to larval es antigen of toxocara canis were investigated in eight inbred strains of mice after infection with t. canis. eosinophilia was far higher in degree in sjl mice than in the other inbred strains. however, ige antibody levels to larval es antigen in sjl mice were the lowest among those inbred strains. similarly, the degree of eo ...	1984	6438599
purification and characterization of excretory and secretory antigen of toxocara canis larvae.	excretory/secretory (es) antigen of toxocara canis larvae was isolated from the culture medium of second-stage larvae by gel filtration. the antigen induced production of not only igm or igg but also ige antibody. the antigen, when treated with guanidine hydrochloride and 2-mercaptoethanol, lost its allergenic activity but retained an ability to induce igm or igg antibody. purified antigen was of glycoprotein nature and had a molecular weight of 35,000. the whole antigen showed a cross-reaction ...	1983	6411609
hemoimmuno-adherence test (hiat) for the detection of antibodies anti-toxocara canis l2 larvae.	the use of a hemoimmuno-adherence test (hiat) for detecting antibodies anti-l2 larvae of toxocara canis is presented. the hiat allows to reveal the presence of antibodies in the sera of both naturally and experimentally infected animals. the sensitivity of hiat appears to be comparable to that of methods such as immunoenzymatic ones.	1983	6399735
detection of circulating toxocaral antigens in dogs by sandwich enzyme-immunoassay.	this study describes the presence of circulating toxocaral antigens (cta) in the sera of dogs infected with toxocara canis (t. canis) by using a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay (seia). a specificity of this assay with different antigens was observed, i.e. the eia values, which express the antigen concentration, of excretory-secretory antigen from t. canis larvae were higher than those of other antigens (ascaris lumbricoides, dirofilaria immitis and fasciola hepatica). the variability in intra-assay ...	1984	6365746
evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to toxocara canis in dogs.		1983	6361349
the production of human a and b blood group like substances by in vitro maintained second stage toxocara canis larvae: their presence on the outer larval surfaces and in their excretions/secretions.	in vitro maintained second stage toxocara canis larvae do not bind polyclonal anti-human a or b blood group antibodies onto their outer surface at 37 degrees c as detected by indirect fluorescence. when larvae are incubated at 2 degrees c under the same experimental conditions, intense fluorescence over the whole outer surface is observed. re-incubation of such larvae at 37 degrees c results in a gradual loss of surface fluorescence. this loss is complete after 3 h. the excretions/secretions (es ...	1983	6360442
dirofilaria immitis: performance and standardization of specific antibody immunoassays for filariasis.	the factors associated with the development, optimization, and validation of immunoassays for the detection of parasite-specific antibody in filariasis infections were investigated using the dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis as a model. we examined two assays, the protein a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), for quantitation of specific antibody to the parasite in canine serum. precision, reproducibility, and parallelism were examined using respo ...	1983	6357832
immunodiagnosis of parasitic zoonoses: purification of toxocara canis antigens by affinity chromatography.		1983	6343270
ocular toxocariasis: a review of the literature.	ocular toxocariasis is invasion of the eye by the larvae of the toxocara canis worm. since its initial description 31 years ago, many cases involving all segments of the eye have been reported. most age groups have been affected, although it is generally a childhood disease. its distribution is worldwide. several tests have been devised for its detection, but only recently with a degree of success. many treatments have been proposed, but more evaluation is necessary. this review correlates histo ...	1983	6342500
[visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis. study of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 7 human cases].		1984	6335760