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citric acid production with alginate bead entrappedaspergillus niger atcc 9142.aspergillus niger atcc 9142 mycelium was entrapped in calcium alginate beads and employed in an air-lift completely stirred reactor for continuous production of citric acid. maximum yield obtained from 10% (w/v) sucrose was 12 g dm(-3) with about 40% fermentation efficiency. maximum rate of production 70 mg g(-1) h(-1) was about five times that obtained in classical batch fermentation.198224234086
cloning, expression of aspergillus niger jl-15 endo-polygalacturonase a gene in pichia pastoris and oligo-galacturonates production.the endo-galacturonase a gene (pgaa) was cloned using the cdnas synthesized from total rna of aspergillus niger jl-15 by reverse transcription as template. the open reading frame (orf) of pgaa was 1113bp, encoding a peptide of 370 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 38.8kda. the pgaa was successfully expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 under the control of aox1 promoter. after induction by methanol for 96h, the activity of the recombinant endo-galacturonase a (repgaa) in culture supe ...201424231374
the lactic acid bacteria metabolite phenyllactic acid inhibits both radial growth and sporulation of filamentous fungi.food spoilage caused by molds is a severe problem. in food and feed, e.g. dairy products, sourdough bread and silage, lactic acid bacteria are used as starter cultures. besides lactic and acetic acid, some strains produce other low molecular weight compounds with antifungal activities. one of these metabolites is phenyllactic acid (pla), well known for its antifungal effect. the inhibitory effect of pla has only partially been investigated, and the objective of this study was to elucidate in det ...201324229396
enhanced methanol production in plants provides broad spectrum insect resistance.plants naturally emit methanol as volatile organic compound. methanol is toxic to insect pests; but the quantity produced by most of the plants is not enough to protect them against invading insect pests. in the present study, we demonstrated that the over-expression of pectin methylesterase, derived from arabidopsis thaliana and aspergillus niger, in transgenic tobacco plants enhances methanol production and resistance to polyphagous insect pests. methanol content in the leaves of transgenic pl ...201324223989
effect of fungal homogenate, enzyme inhibitors and osmotic stress on alkaloid content of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.the addition of aspergillus niger homogenate to catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures produced an increment of more than 60% in the alkaloid content of two different cell lines. the use of an inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, i. e. cinnamic acid, along with the homogenate, resulted in an appearance of 90% of the alkaloids in the medium. furthermore, even in the absence of fungal homogenate, there was a marked increase in the alkaloid content. the exposure of the cells to an osmoti ...199124221325
the transcriptional repressor tupa in aspergillus niger is involved in controlling gene expression related to cell wall biosynthesis, development, and nitrogen source availability.the tup1-cyc8 (ssn6) complex is a well characterized and conserved general transcriptional repressor complex in eukaryotic cells. here, we report the identification of the tup1 (tupa) homolog in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger in a genetic screen for mutants with a constitutive expression of the agsa gene. the agsa gene encodes a putative alpha-glucan synthase, which is induced in response to cell wall stress in a. niger. apart from the constitutive expression of agsa, the selected muta ...201324205111
antifungal potential of triphala churna ingredients against aspergillus species associated with them during storage.the present study describes the antifungal potential of fruit and powdered ingredients of triphala churna, i.e. emblica officinalis (garetn.) (amla), terminalia bellirica (gaertn.) roxb. (baheda) and terminalia chebula (retz.) (harada), collected from the market of gwalior (m.p.), india. water extracts of all the fruits and powdered samples were tested (in vitro) for their antifungal activities by poisoned food technique against different aspergillus species (a. flavus, a. fumigatus, a. versicol ...201224199459
the aspergillus genome database: multispecies curation and incorporation of rna-seq data to improve structural gene annotations.the aspergillus genome database (aspgd; http://www.aspgd.org) is a freely available web-based resource that was designed for aspergillus researchers and is also a valuable source of information for the entire fungal research community. in addition to being a repository and central point of access to genome, transcriptome and polymorphism data, aspgd hosts a comprehensive comparative genomics toolbox that facilitates the exploration of precomputed orthologs among the 20 currently available asperg ...201424194595
bipolamides a and b, triene amides isolated from the endophytic fungus bipolaris sp. mu34.as a result of the continued screening for new metabolites produced by endophytic fungi from thai medicinal plants, two new triene fatty acid amides, bipolamides a (1) and b (2), were discovered from the endophytic fungus bipolaris sp. mu34. the structures of all of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data of nmr and ms. an antimicrobial assay revealed that bipolamide b (2) had moderate antifungal activity against cladosporium cladosporioides ferms-9, cladosp ...201424192556
biochemical characterization of fruit-specific pathogenesis-related antifungal protein from basrai banana.pathogenesis-related/thaumatin like (pr-5/tl) antifungal protein from basrai banana was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation, affinity chromatography (affi-gel blue gel), q-sepharose chromatography and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the purified protein with acidic character (pi 6.67) has molecular weight of 21.155 kda, as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the purified protein shared n-terminal sequence homology with other tlps. crude banan ...201424192113
aerobic microorganisms associated with alfalfa leafcutter bees (megachile rotundata).characterization of microorganisms associated with alfalfa leaf-cutter bee (megachile rotundata) nectar, pollen, provisions, larval guts, and frass (excreta) in alberta demonstrated a varied aerobic microflora. yeasts were isolated frequently from nectar, pollen, and provisions but rarely from guts or frass. the most prevalent yeast taxa were: candida bombicola, cryptococcus albidus, metschnikowia reukaufii, and rhodotorula glutinis. although few filamentous fungi were found in nectar, they were ...199324190009
successful management of invasive pulmonary nocardiosis and aspergillosis in a patient with t-cell lymphoma: a case report.in patients with malignant hematological disorders receiving immunosuppressive therapy, invasive pulmonary infections are serious complications that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. in immunocompromised hosts with impaired cellular immunity, two or more organisms may coexist leading to a wide range of clinical and radiological manifestations. reported here is an old man who was diagnosed to have angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma at king faisal specialist hospital and research c ...200824179349
occurrence of toxigenic fungi and determination of mycotoxins by hplc-fld in functional foods and spices in china markets.twenty-four samples including 14 functional foods and 10 spices obtained from chinese markets were examined for their mould profile. the mycotoxin contamination levels were also determined by an optimized hplc-fld method. 124 fungal isolates belonging to four different genera were recovered with aspergillus and penicillium as predominant fungi, with an incidence of 66.1% and 15.3%, respectively. in functional foods aspergillus niger section (57.1%) was isolated more frequently, followed by asper ...201424176349
the capability of endophytic fungi for production of hemicellulases and related enzymes.there is an imperative necessity for alternative sources of energy able to reduce the world dependence of fossil oil. one of the most successful options is ethanol obtained mainly from sugarcane and corn fermentation. the foremost residue from sugarcane industry is the bagasse, a rich lignocellulosic raw material uses for the production of ethanol second generation (2g). new cellulolytic and hemicellulytic enzymes are needed, in order to optimize the degradation of bagasse and production of etha ...201324175970
antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain bo5a.a bioassay-guided fractionation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain bo5a afforded the isolation of two new cyclic lipopeptides (1 and 2) as the major lipid constituents (>60%) of the chcl3-meoh (2:1) extract. the chemical structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ms), secondary ion mass spectrometry (ms1, ms2), and chemical degradation. the compounds are members of the surfactins family and are based ...201324164115
stabilizing effect of various polyols on the native and the denatured states of glucoamylase.different spectral probes were employed to study the stabilizing effect of various polyols, such as, ethylene glycol (eg), glycerol (gly), glucose (glc) and trehalose (tre) on the native (n), the acid-denatured (ad) and the thermal-denatured (td) states of aspergillus niger glucoamylase (ga). polyols induced both secondary and tertiary structural changes in the ad state of enzyme as reflected from altered circular dichroism (cd), tryptophan (trp), and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ans) f ...201324163624
response surface optimization for enhanced production of cellulases with improved functional characteristics by newly isolated aspergillus niger hn-2.fungi isolated from partially decayed wood log samples showing characteristic diversity for spore colour, colony morphology and arrangement of spores were assessed for cellulolytic enzyme production. isolates showing a cellulolytic index of ≥2.0 were assayed for filter paper (fp) cellulase and β-glucosidase (bgl) production. molecular characterization confirmed the identity of the selected cellulolytic isolate as a strain of aspergillus niger (a. niger hn-2). addition of 2 % (w/v) urea enhanced ...201424158534
prevalence and control of hypertension in a niger delta semi urban community, nigeria.hypertension is a public health problem worldwide, but the prevalence in amassoma, southern ijaw local government area is not known.201324155846
effect of indigenous mycobiota on ochratoxin a production by aspergillus carbonarius isolated from soil: ochratoxin in mixed cultures.this study determined the biotic interaction between 30 non-toxigenic indigenous strains of aspergillus niger aggregate, aspergillus flavus, trichoderma spp., mucor spp., cladosporium spp., ulocladium spp., curvularia spp., absidia spp., geotrichum spp. and acremonium spp., isolated from soil destined for maize crops, with respect to their ability to prevent ochratoxin a (ota) production by a. carbonarius on "in vitro" assay, on liquid and solid medium. ota production was completely inhibited wh ...201424155120
effect of c/n ratio and media optimization through response surface methodology on simultaneous productions of intra- and extracellular inulinase and invertase from aspergillus niger atcc 20611.the study is to identify the extraction of intracellular inulinase (exo- and endoinulinase) and invertase as well as optimization medium composition for maximum productions of intra- and extracellular enzymes from aspergillus niger atcc 20611. from two different methods for extraction of intracellular enzymes, ultrasonic method was found more effective. response surface methodology (rsm) with a five-variable and three-level central composite design (ccd) was employed to optimize the medium compo ...201324151605
diversity and antimicrobial properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of olive trees and desert truffles of tunisia.a total of 119 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated, by culture-dependant method, from rhizosphere samples of olive trees and desert truffles and evaluated for different biotechnological properties. using the variability of the intergenic spacer 16s-23s and 16s rrna gene sequences, the isolates were identified as the genera lactococcus, pediococcus, lactobacillus, weissella, and enterococcus. all the strains showed proteolytic activity with variable rates 42% were eps producers, while only 1 ...201324151598
antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of five palestinian medicinal plants.extracts from five indigenous palestinian medicinal plants including rosmarinus officinalis, pisidium guajava, punica granatum peel, grape seeds and teucrium polium were investigated for antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities against eight microorganisms, using well diffusion method. the microorganisms included six bacterial isolates (i.e. staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginos, klebsiella pneumonia, bacillus subtilis and micrococcus luteus) and two fungal i ...201324146509
unusual biotransformation products of the sesquiterpene lactone budlein a by aspergillus species.biotransformation of chemicals by microorganisms can be effective in increasing chemical diversity. some fungi have been described to be useful for the biotransformation of sesquiterpene lactones. nevertheless, in most cases, only minor or simple transformations of functional groups have been observed. budlein a is a sesquiterpene lactone found in high amounts in american sunflower-like species of the genus viguiera (asteraceae). it shows important biological effects like in vitro and in vivo an ...201324135634
structural and functional properties of alkali-treated high-amylose rice starch.native starches were isolated from mature grains of high-amylose transgenic rice trs and its wild-type rice tq and treated with 0.1% and 0.4% naoh for 7 and 14 days at 35 °c. alkali-treated starches were characterised for structural and functional properties using various physical methods. the 0.1% naoh treatment had no significant effect on structural and functional properties of starches except that it markedly increased the hydrolysis of starch by amylolytic enzymes. the 0.4% naoh treatment r ...201424128474
consumption of gluten with gluten-degrading enzyme by celiac patients: a pilot-study.to assesses the safety and efficacy of aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease (an-pep) to mitigate the immunogenic effects of gluten in celiac patients.201324124328
aspergillus collagen-like genes (acl): identification, sequence polymorphism, and assessment for pcr-based pathogen detection.the genus aspergillus is a burden to public health due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, its production of allergens, and wide demographic susceptibility among cystic fibrosis, asthmatic, and immunosuppressed patients. current methods of detection of aspergillus colonization and infection rely on lengthy morphological characterization or nonstandardized serological assays that are restricted to identifying a fungal etiology. collagen-like genes have been shown to exhibit species-spe ...201324123732
cloning, heterologous expression, purification and characterization of m12 mutant of aspergillus niger glucose oxidase in yeast pichia pastoris km71h.aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (gox) genes for wild-type (genbank accession no. x16061, swiss-prot; p13006) and m12 mutant (n2y, k13e, t30 v, i94 v, k152r) were cloned into ppiczαa vector for expression in pichia pastoris km71h strain. the highest expression level of 17.5 u/ml of fermentation media was obtained in 0.5 % (v/v) methanol after 9 days of fermentation. the recombinant gox was purified by cross-flow ultrafiltration using membranes of 30 kda molecular cutoff and deae ion-exchange ch ...201424122283
the occurrence of molds in patients with chronic sinusitis.chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a common inflammatory condition of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. although pathogenic bacteria were postulated as main etiological factor responsible for most cases of crs, the involvement of molds was recently proved in some cases. the aim of the study was to conduct mycological analysis of material obtained from patients operated on due to chronic sinusitis. the study included 107 patients, 45 women and 62 men. during the surgery, a fragment of mucosa from th ...201424121778
a solid state fungal fermentation-based strategy for the hydrolysis of wheat straw.this paper reports a solid-state fungal fermentation-based pre-treatment strategy to convert wheat straw into a fermentable hydrolysate. aspergillus niger was firstly cultured on wheat straw for production of cellulolytic enzymes and then the wheat straw was hydrolyzed by the enzyme solution into a fermentable hydrolysate. the optimum moisture content and three wheat straw modification methods were explored to improve cellulase production. at a moisture content of 89.5%, 10.2 ± 0.13 u/g cellulas ...201324121367
construction of a plasmid for heterologous protein expression with a constitutive promoter in trichoderma reesei.trichoderma reesei is widely used as a host for homologus and heterologus protein expression because of its well-known capability of protein secretion, especially cellulases secretion. in this study, a binary vector which could be used for protein expression was constructed with a constitutive promoter of rp2 gene. this vector contained the expression cassette prp2-target gene-trp2 and hygromycin b selection marker based on pcambia1300 for t-dna random insertion. the feasibility of the promoter ...201324120481
[aspergillus species in hospital environments with pediatric patients in critical condition].aspergillus is a group of opportunistic fungi that cause infections, with high morbimortality in immunosuppressed patients. aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent species in these infections, although the incidence of other species has increased in the last few years.201424120420
volatile analysis and antimicrobial screening of the parasitic plant cuscuta reflexa roxb. from nepal.the essential oil from the parasitic vine cuscuta reflexa roxb., collected from kirtipur, kathmandu, nepal, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. from a total of 62 peaks, 61 compounds were identified in the oil, accounting for 99.6% of the oil. the majority of the essential oil was dominated by the relatively rare component cis-3-butyl-4-vinylcyclopentane (26.4%). the oil also contained substantial amounts of limonene (5.1%) and (e)-nerolidol (9 ...201424116676
saccharification of biomass using whole solid-state fermentation medium to avoid additional separation steps.the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse (sesb) was investigated using enzymatic extracts (ee) and whole fermentation media (wm), produced in-house, from aspergillus niger 3t5b8 and trichoderma reesei rut-c30 cultivated on wheat bran under solid-state fermentation (ssf). a detailed and quantitative comparison of the different hydrolysis conditions tested was carried out using the chrastil approach for modeling enzymatic reactions by fitting the experimental data of total redu ...201324115639
the role of coproporphyrinogen iii oxidase and ferrochelatase genes in heme biosynthesis and regulation in aspergillus niger.heme is a suggested limiting factor in peroxidase production by aspergillus spp., which are well-known suitable hosts for heterologous protein production. in this study, the role of genes coding for coproporphyrinogen iii oxidase (hemf) and ferrochelatase (hemh) was analyzed by means of deletion and overexpression to obtain more insight in fungal heme biosynthesis and regulation. these enzymes represent steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway downstream of the siroheme branch and are suggested to ...201324113826
synthesis and evaluation of (z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile analogs as anti-cancer and anti-microbial agents.in the present study, a series of (z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile analogs were synthesized and then evaluated in terms of their cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines, e.g. lung cancer (a549), ovarian cancer (sk-ov-3), skin cancer (sk-mel-2), and colon cancer (hct15), as well as anti-microbial activities against three microbes, e.g. staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhi, and aspergillus niger. the title compounds were synthesized by knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzyl ...201324113364
pyranonigrin e: a pks-nrps hybrid metabolite from aspergillus niger identified by genome mining.induced production of pks-nrps metabolites: the genome mining approach is useful for obtaining new compounds. we activated a dormant pks-nrps gene cluster in aspergillus niger atcc 1015 by expressing its dedicated transcriptional activator (pynr). as a result, the transformant expressing pynr produced a new pyranonigrin compound that we have named pyranonigirin e.201324106156
invasive aspergillus niger complex infections in a belgian tertiary care hospital.the incidence of invasive infections caused by the aspergillus niger species complex was 0.043 cases/10 000 patient-days in a belgian university hospital (2005-2011). molecular typing was performed on six available a. niger complex isolates involved in invasive disease from 2010 to 2011, revealing a. tubingensis, which has higher triazole minimal inhibitory concentrations, in five out of six cases.201424102876
preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of thermostable β-1,4-mannanase from aspergillus niger bk01.β-1,4-mannanase (β-mannanase) is a key enzyme in decomposing mannans, which are abundant components of hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall. therefore, mannan hydrolysis is highly valuable in a wide array of industrial applications. β-mannanase isolated from aspergillus niger bk01 (manbk) was classified into glycoside hydrolase family gh5. manbk holds great potential in biotechnological applications owing to its high thermostability. here, manbk was expressed and purified in pichia pastoris and ...201324100557
biotransformation of 20(s)-protopanaxadiol by aspergillus niger as 3.1858.the biotransformation of 20(s)-protopanaxadiol (1) by aspergillus niger as 3.1858 was conducted. seven metabolites 26-hydroxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (2); 23, 24-en-25-hydroxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (3); 25, 26-en-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (4); (e)-20, 22-en-25-hydroxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (5); 25, 26-en-24(r)-hydroxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (6); 25, 26-en-24(s)-hydroxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (7); and 23, 24-en-25-ethoxyl-20(s)-protopanaxadiol (8) were afforded. among them, 6, 7, and 8 are new compo ...201324096145
synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and biological studies on some metal(ii) schiff base complexes containing quinoxaline moiety.novel co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) complexes of schiff base derived from quinoxaline-2,3-(1,4h)-dione and 4-aminoantipyrine (qdaap) were synthesized. the ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ftir, uv-vis., mass and (1)h nmr spectral studies. the x band esr spectrum of the cu(ii) complex at 300 and 77k were also recorded. thermal studies of the ligand and its complexes show the presence of coordinated wate ...201424095772
biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (ldpe) by mixed culture of lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and aspergillus niger in soil.in this study, two strains of aspergillus sp. and lysinibacillus sp. with remarkable abilities to degrade low-density polyethylene (ldpe) were isolated from landfill soils in tehran using enrichment culture and screening procedures. the biodegradation process was performed for 126 days in soil using uv- and non-uv-irradiated pure ldpe films without pro-oxidant additives in the presence and absence of mixed cultures of selected microorganisms. the process was monitored by measuring the microbial ...201324086254
molecular characterization of a glycosyl hydrolase family 10 xylanase from aspergillus niger.a gene coding for an endo-β-1,4-xylanase (xlna) (glycosyl hydrolase family 10) from aspergillus niger dsm 1957 was cloned and sequenced. the cdna sequence (984 bp) and its putative endoxylanase (327 aa protein with a predicted molecular mass of 35.5 kda and pi 6.23) showed 91.3-99.5% and 96.3-99.1% identities with cdna sequences and their corresponding endoxylanases from a. niger strains from genbank, respectively. the cdna was expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 under the control of aox1 promote ...201324084008
phytochemical study and screening for antimicrobial activity of flavonoids of euphorbia hirta.this study aims to phytochemical and antimicrobial study of euphorbia hirta euphorbiaceae).201324083146
analysis of functional xylanases in xylan degradation by aspergillus niger e-1 and characterization of the gh family 10 xylanase xynvii.xylanases produced by aspergillus niger are industrially important and many types of xylanases have been reported. individual xylanases have been well studied for their enzymatic properties, gene cloning, and heterologous expression. however, less attention has been paid to the relationship between xylanase genes carried on the a. niger genome and xylanases produced by a. niger strains. therefore, we examined xylanase genes encoded on the genome of a. niger e-1 and xylanases produced in culture. ...201324083101
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical study of vernonia glabra (steetz) oliv. & hiern. in kenya.infectious diseases are prevalent and life threatening in kenya. majority of the sick are seeking herbal remedies in search of effective, safe, and affordable cure. this project aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity and presence of active phytochemical compounds in different parts of vernonia glabra; a plant used by herbalists in various regions of kenya, for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems. the plant sample was collected in january 2010 in machakos, and different parts dried ...201224082337
heavy metals content, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluation of elaeagnus angustifolia.elaeagnus angustifolia was analyzed for determination of metals, phytoconstituents, bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal effects and to explore its chemical and biological potential. the root, branches, leaves, stem bark and root bark parts of e. angustifolia were found to contain iron, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, chromium, nickel and cobalt in different concentrations. crude extract of elaeagnus angustifolia (ea.cr) was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins a ...201624081630
chemical compositions, phytotoxicity, and biological activities of acorus calamus essential oils from nepal.four essential oils from the leaf (p23) and rhizomes (p19, p22, p24) of acorus calamus l., collected from various parts of nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. from a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. all of the essential oils were dominated by (z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). the essential oils also contained (e)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamm ...201324079199
gene cloning and soluble expression of aspergillus niger phytase in e. coli cytosol via chaperone co-expression.a phytase gene from aspergillus niger was isolated and two escherichia coli expression systems, based on t7 rna polymerase promoter and tac promoter, were used for its recombinant expression. co-expression of molecular chaperone, groes/el, aided functional cytosolic expression of the phytase in e. coli bl21 (de3). untagged and maltose-binding protein-tagged recombinant phytase showed an activity band of ~49 and 92 kda, respectively, on a zymogram. heterologously-expressed phytase was fractionate ...201424078121
drosera peltata smith var. lunata (buch.-ham.) c. b. clarke as a feasible source of plumbagin: phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity assay.drosera peltata smith var. lunata (buch.-ham.) c. b. clarke (dpvl) fractions and plumbagin were tested via broth microdilution techniques on rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, penicillium citrinum. all of the test substances [petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fraction and aqueous residue (ar)] except for the ar were active against all the tested strains. the petroleum ether fraction (pef) was the most active (mic = 5.86-46.88 μg/ml, mf ...201424078108
impact of alg3 gene deletion on growth, development, pigment production, protein secretion, and functions of recombinant trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases in aspergillus niger.dolichyl-p-man:man(5)glcnac(2)-pp-dolichyl α-1,3-mannosyltransferase (also known as "asparagine-linked glycosylation 3", or alg3) is involved in early n-linked glycan synthesis and thus is essential for formation of n-linked protein glycosylation. in this study, we examined the effects of alg3 gene deletion (alg3δ) on growth, development, pigment production, protein secretion and recombinant trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase (rcel7a) expressed in aspergillus niger. the alg3δ delayed spore ger ...201324076077
[characterization of air mycobiota in two repositories of the national archives of the republic of cuba].the high relative humidity and temperatures in tropical countries create favorable conditions for development of fungi that are not only a risk to human health but they can also colonize documentary support.201424071642
fungal spore concentrations in indoor and outdoor air in university libraries, and their variations in response to changes in meteorological variables.the fungal spore concentration (fsc) in the air poses a risk for human health. this work studied the fsc in university libraries and how it is affected by environmental factors. a total of 347 samples were obtained using a microbio mb2(®) aerosol sampler. the wind speed (ws), cross wind (cw), temperature (t), relative humidity (hr), barometric pressure (bp) and dew point (dp) were recorded using a kestrel(®) 4500 weather station. the median indoor/outdoor fsc was 360/1230 cfu m(-3). fsc correlat ...201424070332
chemical constituents and biological activities of galinsoga parviflora cav. (asteraceae) from egypt.the phytochemical investigation of an aqueous ethanolic extract of galinsoga parviflora cav. (asteraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of eleven compounds namely: triacontanol, phytol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 7-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol, 7-hydroxystigmasterol, beta-sitosterol-3-o-beta-d-glucoside, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, fumaric acid, and uracil. furthermore, 48 volatile constituents were identified in the hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts. the ...201324066513
purification and characterization of an antifungal chitinase from citrobacter freundii str. nov. haritd11.the purpose of the research was to study the purification and partial characterization of antifungal alkaline chitinase from a newly isolated citrobacter freundii haritd11. the enzyme was purified in a three-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography. the enzyme was shown to have a relative high molecular weight of 64 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was purified 7.3-fold with a yield of ...201424065288
aspergillus niger β-glucosidase has a cellulase-like tadpole molecular shape: insights into glycoside hydrolase family 3 (gh3) β-glucosidase structure and function.aspergillus niger is known to secrete large amounts of β-glucosidases, which have a variety of biotechnological and industrial applications. here, we purified an a. niger β-glucosidase (anbgl1) and conducted its biochemical and biophysical analyses. purified enzyme with an apparent molecular mass of 116 kda forms monomers in solution as judged by native gel electrophoresis and has a pi value of 4.55, as found for most of the fungi of β-glucosidases. surprisingly, the small angle x-ray experiment ...201324064212
synthesis of some novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazine derivatives for antimicrobial evaluation.a new series of novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazines 7a-j has been synthesized by the reaction of [5, 5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzofuran-7, 5-diyl)]bis[(4-amino-5-thioxo-4, 5-dihydro-1h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)methanone] (6) with a variety of phenacyl bromides in ethanol under reflux for 6 h. all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae and shigella f ...201124062120
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial study of novel 4-{[(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)methyl]amino}benzenesulfonamide and its oxinates.a novel 4-[(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)methyl]aminobenzenesulfonamide (hqmabs) was synthesized by optimized reaction of 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide with 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride (cmhq). various oxinates of hqmabs were also prepared using mn(ii), fe(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii), and zn(ii) metal salts. all compounds were analyzed by physicochemical, thermogravimetric and spectroscopic techniques. antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar-plate method against various strain ...201024061814
genome-wide transcriptional response of trichoderma reesei to lignocellulose using rna sequencing and comparison with aspergillus niger.a major part of second generation biofuel production is the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. many fungi produce enzymes that can saccarify lignocellulose and cocktails from several fungi, including well-studied species such as trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, are available commercially for this process. such commercially-available enzyme cocktails are not necessarily representative of the array of enzymes used by the fungi themselves when fa ...201324060058
microwave assisted synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones; synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones.the present article describes the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2a-h) under microwave irradiation. the product was obtained in excellent yield (74-94%) in a shorter reaction time (2 min). these molecules (2a, b) further reacted with various substituted 4-bromomethylcoumarins (3a-f) to yield a new series of coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (4a-h). the structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral studies an ...201324056147
aroma enhancement in wines using co-immobilized aspergillus niger glycosidases.a major fraction of monoterpenes and norisoprenoids in young wines is conjugated to sugars representing a significant reservoir of aromatic precursors. to promote their release, β-glucosidase, α-arabinosidase, and α-rhamnosidase from a commercial aspergillus niger preparation, were immobilized onto acrylic beads. the aim of this work was the development and application of an immobilized biocatalyst, due to the well-known advantages over soluble enzyme preparations: control of the reaction progre ...201424054229
evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of holothuria scabra from the north coast of the persian gulf.bioactive compounds of the gonad, respiration tree, and body wall of the sea cucumber holothuria scabra collected from the north coast of the persian gulf were extracted using ethyl acetate, methanol and water-methanol mixtures. extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against aspergillus niger, candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli. the activity was determined using the disc diffusion test. cytotoxic activities of t ...201324054089
the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation disinfection of filter materials.the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation as a disinfection method for filter materials contaminated by microorganisms, and to assess how air relative humidity (rh), time and microbe type influence the effectiveness of this disinfection. in the quantitative analysis of a used car air filter, bacterial contamination equalled 1.2 x 10(5) cfu/cm2, fungal contamination was 3.8 x 10(6) cfu/cm2, and the isolated microorganisms were aspergillus niger, bac ...201324053016
synthesis, characterization, thermal properties, and antimicrobial activities of 5-(diethylamino)-2-(5-nitro-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol and its transition metal complexes.synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new metal [co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), and fe(ii)] complexes from 5-(diethylamino)-2-(5-nitro-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol are described. the newly synthesized ligands were characterized by ir, (1)h nmr, and lc-ms analysis, and metal-ligand complex formations were confirmed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. all complexes show significant in vitro antibacterial activities against e. coli and s. aureus strains and in vitro antifung ...201124052831
highly thermostable and ph-stable cellulases from aspergillus niger ns-2: properties and application for cellulose hydrolysis.optimization of cultural conditions for enhanced cellulase production by aspergillus niger ns-2 were studied under solid-state fermentation. significant increase in yields (cmcase 463.9 ± 20.1 u/g, fpase 101.1 ± 3.5 u/g and β-glucosidase 99 ± 4.0 u/g) were obtained under optimized conditions. effect of different nutritional parameters was studied to induce the maximum production of cellulase complex. scale-up studies for enzyme production process were carried out. characterization studies showed ...201424052336
absorption studies show that phytase from aspergillus niger significantly increases iron and zinc bioavailability from phytate-rich foods.iron and zinc deficiency are major public health problems affecting many parts of the world, including southeast asia. infants, young children, and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable due to their high requirements. even though iron and zinc are present in significant amounts in the plant-based diets typically consumed in developing countries, their bioavailability is low due to high levels of absorption inhibitors such as phytate. phytase has been used in animal nutrition for ...201324050000
production of soluble crude protein using cellulolytic fungi on rice stubble as substrate under waste program management.the investigation was undertaken to enhance the decomposition process by pre-treatment of rice stubble, having higher concentration of lignin. air-dried rice stubble was treated with 1.8 liter of 1% naoh and autoclaved. six cellulolytic fungi, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium citrinum, curvularia lunata, aspergillus flavus and alternaria alternata were grown in basal synthetic medium along with delignified rice-residue as carbon source for production of soluble crude protein. though the loss o ...200524049491
occurrence of fungal species and mycotoxins from decayed sugarcane (saccharrum officinarum) in egypt.seventy-three fungal species belonging to forty-three genera were isolated from 40 samples of saccharrum officinarum (collected from naage-hamadi canal in qena governorate, egypt). aspergillus, trichoderma, mucor and pythium were the most common genera on the two isolation media. the dominant species of aspergillus were a. niger, a. flavus, a. ustus, a. terreus and a. wentii. some species were dominant on 40 g/l sucrose such as aspergillus niger, a. flavus, emericella nidulans, trichoderma virid ...200524049478
producers and important dietary sources of ochratoxin a and citrinin.ochratoxin a (ota) is a very important mycotoxin, and its research is focused right now on the new findings of ota, like being a complete carcinogen, information about ota producers and new exposure sources of ota. citrinin (cit) is another important mycotoxin, too, and its research turns towards nephrotoxicity. both additive and synergistic effects have been described in combination with ota. ota is produced in foodstuffs by aspergillus section circumdati (aspergillus ochraceus, a. westerdijkia ...201324048364
environmental isolates of fungi from aquarium pools housing killer whales (orcinus orca).systemic mycoses in killer whales (orcinus orca) are rare diseases, but have been reported. two killer whales died by fungal infections at the port of nagoya public aquarium in japan. in this study, the fungal flora of the pool environment at the aquarium was characterized. alternaria spp., aspergillus spp. (a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. versicolor), fusarium spp. and penicillium spp. were isolated from the air and the pool surroundings. the other isolates were identified as fungal species non-path ...201324045935
use of mycological, nested pcr, and real-time pcr methods on bal fluids for detection of aspergillus fumigatus and a. flavus in solid organ transplant recipients.invasive aspergillosis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. a reliable and early diagnostic method is needed to improve survival. in this study, four methods direct microscopy, culture, nested pcr on internal transcribed spacer region, and taqman real-time pcr targeted β-tubulin gene were examined for the detection of aspergillus fumigatus and a. flavus in sixty-four bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids that were obtained from ...201324045934
genome shuffling of aspergillus niger for improving transglycosylation activity.isomaltooligosaccharides (imo), the glucosylsaccharides used as food additives, are made from saccharified starch by enzymes or microbial cells with transglycosylation activity. this study aimed to generate shuffled futants of aspergillus niger with enhanced transglycosylation activity for industrial imo production. the starting mutant population was generated by (60)co-γ radiation; mutants with higher transglycosylation activity were selected and subjected to recursive protoplast fusion. the re ...201424043449
antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against microorganisms deteriorating fruit juices.seventeen microbial species including 10 fungal taxa, two yeasts and five bacteria, were isolated from freshly prepared orange, guava and banana juices kept in open bottles at room temperature for 7 days. eight different essential oils, from local herbs, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against these test organisms. the essential oils of cymbopogon citratus, ocimum basilicum and origanum majorana were found to be highly effective against these microorganisms. aspergillus niger, a. fl ...200624039503
antifungal activities of biorelevant complexes of copper(ii) with biosensitive macrocyclic ligands.four copper(ii) complexes have been prepared using macrocyclic ligands. the macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of diethyl phthalate with schiff bases derived from o-phenylene diamine and knoevenagel condensed β-ketoanilides (obtained by the condensation of acetoacetanilide and substituted benzaldehydes). the ligands and copper complexes have been characterized on the basis of microanalytical, mass, uv-vis., ir and cv spectral studies, as well as conductivity d ...200624039502
raw starch degrading amylase production by various fungal cultures grown on cassava waste.the solid waste of sago industry using cassava was fermented by aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus and rhizopus stolonifer in solid state fermentation. cassava waste contained 52 per cent starch and 2.9 per cent protein by dry weight. the amylase activity was maintained at a high level and the highest amylase activity was observed on the 8(th) day in r. stolonifer mediated fermentation. r. stolonifer was more efficient than aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus in bioconverting cassava w ...200624039485
production of gluconic acid by some local fungi.forty-one fungal species belonging to 15 fungal genera isolated from egyptian soil and sugar cane waste samples were tested for their capacity of producing acidity and gluconic acid. for the tests, the fungi were grown on glucose substrate and culture filtrates were examined using paper chromatography analysis. most of the tested fungi have a relative wide potentiality for total acid production in their filtrates. nearly 51% of them showed their ability of producing gluconic acid. aspergillus ni ...200624039465
biogenic silver nanoparticles using rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract: synthesis, spectral analysis, and antimicrobial studies.nanotechnology is gaining momentum due to its ability to transform metals into nanoparticles. the synthesis, characterization, and applications of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become an important branch of nanotechnology. plant extracts are a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and efficient alternative for the large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized using rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract. after exposing the silver i ...201324039419
recombinant aspergillus β-galactosidases as a robust glycomic and biotechnological tool.galactosidases are widespread enzymes that are used for manifold applications, including production of prebiotics, biosynthesis of different transgalactosylated products, improving lactose tolerance and in various analytical approaches. the nature of these applications often require galactosidases to be present in a purified form with clearly defined properties, including precisely determined substrate specificities, low sensitivity to inhibitors, and high efficiency and stability under distinct ...201424037406
overexpression of a modified 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase results in an increased itaconic acid productivity in aspergillus niger.a modified 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase was expressed in a citrate producing aspergillus niger strain in combination with cis-aconitate decarboxylase from aspergillus terreus to study the effect on the production of itaconic acid. the modified pfka gene was also expressed in combination with the itaconic acid biosynthetic cluster from a. terreus, which consists of cis-aconitate decarboxylase cada, a putative mitochondrial transporter mtta and a putative plasmamembrane transporter mfsa. the combined ...201324034235
the hydrolysis of agro-industrial residues by holocellulose-degrading enzymes.holocellulose structures from agro-industrial residues rely on main and side chain attacking enzymes with different specificities for complete hydrolysis. combinations of crude enzymatic extracts from different fungal species, including aspergillus terreus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and trichoderma longibrachiatum, were applied to sugar cane bagasse, banana stem and dirty cotton residue to investigate the hydrolysis of holocellulose structures. a. terreus and a. oryzae were the best ...201224031857
a biodegradation study of forest biomass by aspergillus niger f7: correlation between enzymatic activity, hydrolytic percentage and biodegradation index.aspergillus niger f7 isolated from soil was found to be the potent producer of cellulase and xylanase. the residue of forest species toona ciliata, celtris australis, cedrus deodara and pinus roxburghii was selected as substrate for biodegradation study due to its easy availability and wide use in industry. it was subjected to alkali (sodium hydroxide) treatment for enhancing its degradation. biodegradation of forest waste by hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) secreted by a. niger under ...201224031853
biosynthesis, purification and characterization of endoglucanase from a xylanase producing strain aspergillus niger b03.an extracellular endoglucanase was isolated from the culture liquid of xylanase producing strain aspergillus niger b03. the enzyme was purified to a homogenous form, using consecutive ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. endoglucanase was a monomer protein with a molecular weight of 26,900 da determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 28,800 da determined by gel filtration. the optimal ph and temperature values for the enzyme actio ...201224031805
production of lytic enzymes by trichoderma isolates during in vitro antagonism with aspergillus niger, the causal agent of collar rot of peanut.twelve isolates of trichoderma (six of t. harzianum, five of t. viride, one of t. virens), which reduced variably the incidence of collar rot disease caused in peanut by aspergillus niger van tieghem, were evaluated for their potential to produce lytic enzymes during in vitro antagonism. t. viride 60 inhibited highest (86.2%) growth of test fungus followed by t. harzianum 2j (80.4%) at 6 days after inoculation (dai) on pda media. the specific activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and protease ...201224031802
phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of roots of murraya koenigii (linn.) spreng. (rutaceae).murraya koenigii, family rutaceae, commonly known as curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma. the plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of roots of the plant were screened for phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity for staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus luteus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans and aspergillus nig ...201124031791
production of cellulose by aspergillus niger under submerged and solid state fermentation using coir waste as a substrate.aspergillus niger was used for cellulase production in submerged (smf) and solid state fermentation (ssf). the maximum production of cellulase was obtained after 72 h of incubation in ssf and 96 h in smf. the cmcase and fpase activities recorded in ssf were 8.89 and 3.56 u per g of dry mycelial bran (dbm), respectively. where as in smf the cmase & fpase activities were found to be 3.29 and 2.3 u per ml culture broth, respectively. the productivity of extracellular cellulase in ssf was 14.6 fold ...201124031730
antifungal activity of different neem leaf extracts and the nimonol against some important human pathogens.this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts from neem leaves on growth of some human pathogens (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, candida albicans and microsporum gypseum) in vitro. different concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) prepared from these extracts inhibited the growth of the test pathogens and the effect gradually increased with concentration. the 20% ethyl acetate extract gave the stron ...201124031718
identification of fungi of the genus aspergillus section nigri using polyphasic taxonomy.in spite of the taxonomy of the aspergillus species of the nigri section being regarded as troublesome, a number of methods have been proposed to aid in the classification of this section. this work aimed to distinguish aspergillus species of the nigri section from foods, grains and caves on the basis in polyphasic taxonomy by utilizing morphologic and physiologic characters, and sequencing of ß-tubulin and calmodulin genes. the morphologic identification proved useful for some species, such as ...201124031691
citric acid production from orange peel wastes by solid-state fermentation.valencia orange (citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (ca) by solid-state fermentation (ssf) of aspergillus niger cect-2090 (atcc 9142, nrrl 599) in erlenmeyer flasks. to investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·10(3) to 0.7·10(8) spores/g dry orange peel, the bed loading from 1.0 to 4.8 g of dry orange peel (corresponding to 35-80 % of the total volume), and the mo ...201124031646
isolation and growth characterization of chlorate and/or bromate resistant mutants generated by spontaneous and induced foreword mutations at several gene loci in aspergillus niger.we aimed her mainly to evaluate the contribution of newly employed bromate selection system, in obtaining new aspergillus niger nitrate/nitrite assimilation defective mutants, through ultraviolet treatment (uv), 1, 2, 7, 8-diepoxyoctane (deo), phenols mixture (phx)) and spontaneous treatments. the newly employed bromate selection system was able to specify only two putative novel mutant types designated brn (bromate resistant but chlorate sensitive (rs) strain, which may specify nitrite specific ...201024031593
biotechnological production of citric acid.this work provides a review about the biotechnological production of citric acid starting from the physicochemical properties and industrial applications, mainly in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. several factors affecting citric acid fermentation are discussed, including carbon source, nitrogen and phosphate limitations, ph of culture medium, aeration, trace elements and morphology of the fungus. special attention is paid to the fundamentals of biochemistry and accumulation of citric acid. ...201024031566
hyperexpression of two aspergillus niger xylanase genes in escherichia coli and characterization of the gene products.the analysis of individual gene product should enable to clarify the role of a particular enzyme in a complex xylanase system of a. niger. the two genes encoding precursors of co-produced endo-1,4-β-d-xylanases, xyna1 and xynb, were isolated from aspergillus niger sctcc 400264 (sctcc, china) by using rt-pcr technique and then successfully expressed in escherichia coli bl21. the nucleotide sequences of the xyna1 and xynb genes revealed that they were only 52.5% homology to each other. characteriz ...201024031555
chemical composition and antifungal activity of hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit leaves essential oil against aspergillus species.this study aimed to identify the constituents of the essential oil from hyptis suaveolens (l.) leaves using a gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer and assess its inhibitory effect on some potentially pathogenic aspergilli (a. flavus, a. parasiticus, a. ochraceus, a. fumigatus and a. niger). eucaliptol (47.64 %) was the most abundant component in the oil, followed for gama-ellemene (8.15 %), beta-pynene (6.55 %), (+)-3-carene (5.16 %), trans-beta-cariophyllene (4.69 %) and germacrene (4.86 %). t ...201024031459
purification and characterisation of an extracellular phytase from aspergillus niger 11t53a9.an extracellular phytase from aspergillus niger 11t53a9 was purified about 51-fold to apparent homogeneity with a recovery of 20.3% referred to the phytase activity in the crude extract. purification was achieved by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion chromataography and gel filtration. the purified enzyme behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 85 kda and exhibited maximal phytate-degrading activity at ph 5.0. optimum temperature for the degradation of phytate was 55°c. t ...200924031427
characterization and application of tannase produced by aspergillus niger itcc 6514.07 on pomegranate rind.extracellular tannase and gallic acid were produced optimally under submerged fermentation at 37 (0)c, 72 h, ph 5.0, 10 %(v/v) inoculum and 4 %(w/v) of the agroresidue pomegranate rind (pr) powder by an aspergillus niger isolate. tannic acid (1 %) stimulated the enzyme production by 245.9 % while with 0.5 % glucose, increase was marginal. tannase production was inhibited by gallic acid and nitrogen sources such as nh4no3, nh4cl, kno3, asparatic acid, urea and edta. the partially purified enzyme ...200924031425
novel agents for enzymatic and fungal hydrolysis of stevioside.a comparative study on the potential of some biological agents to perform the hydrolysis of stevioside was carried out, aiming at establishing an alternative methodology to achieve the aglycon steviol or its rearranged derivative isosteviol, in high yields to be used in the preparation of novel bioactive compounds. hydrolysis reactions were performed by using filamentous fungi (aspergillus niger, rhizopus stolonifer and rhizopus arrhizus), a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and enzymes (pancreat ...200924031374
utilization of agroindustrial residues for lipase production by solid-state fermentation.the aim of this work was to produce lipases by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using, as substrate, agroindustrial residue supplemented with by-products from corn oil refining process or olive oil. for a group of ten fungi strains selected in the first steps, the lipase activity obtained by ssf varied from 7.7 to 58.6 u/g of dry substrate (gds). among the evaluated strains, the aspergillus niger mutant 11t53a14 was selected by presenting the best enzymatic production. for the fermentation tests, ...200824031288
the potential of origanum vulgare l. (lamiaceae) essential oil in inhibiting the growth of some food-related aspergillus species.origanum vulgare l. (lamiaceae) has been currently known for their interesting antimicrobial activity being regarded as alternative antimicrobial for use is food conservation systems. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of o. vulgare essential oil in inhibiting the growth of some food-related aspergillus species (a. flavus, a. parasiticus, a. terreus, a. ochraceus, a. fumigatus and a. niger). the essential oil revealed a strong anti-aspergillus property providing an inhibition of all ...200824031231
effect of cinnamomum zeylanicum blume essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of some potentially pathogenic aspergillus species.cinnamomum zeylanicum blume is known for a wide range of medicinal properties. this study aimed to assess the interference of c. zeylanicum essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of some potentially pathogenic aspergillus species. the essential oil presented strong antifungal effect causing the growth inhibition of the assayed strains and development of large growth inhibition zones. mic50 and mic90 values were 40 and 80 μl/ml, respectively. 80, 40 and 20 μl/ml of the oil strongly inhibit ...200824031186
catalase activity of different candida species after exposition to specific antiserum.antisera were developed in rabbits after challenge with intracellular antigens of candida albicans, c. tropicalis and c. parapsilosis. microorganism catalase has been correlated with virulence, resistance to drugs and immunogenicity. the intracellular catalase is consistently present in strains of candida and in this paper, the enzyme activity was analysed by page after exposition to antisera. the catalases of c. albicans, c. parapsilosis and c. tropicalis were immunogenic and differed in their ...200824031174
antifungal properties of gliadin films incorporating cinnamaldehyde and application in active food packaging of bread and cheese spread foodstuffs.gliadin films incorporating 1.5, 3 and 5% cinnamaldehyde (g/100g protein) were tested against food-spoilage fungi penicillium expansum and aspergillus niger in vitro, and were employed in an active food packaging system for sliced bread and cheese spread. gliadin films incorporating cinnamaldehyde were highly effective against fungal growth. p. expansum and a. niger were completely inhibited after storage in vitro for 10 days in the presence of films incorporating 3% cinnamaldehyde. indeed 1.5% ...201324029024
chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from leaves of moringa oleifera lam. cultivated in mozambique.the antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) grown in mozambique was investigated. the chemical composition was studied by means of gc and gc-ms analysis. hexacosane (13.9%), pentacosane (13.3%) and heptacosane (11.4%) were the main components. ultra high performance chromatography-dad analysis detected the flavonoids quercetin (126 μg/g) and luteolin (6.2 μg/g). the essential oil exhibited a relatively low free radical scavenging cap ...201324022760
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