Publications

heterologous gene expression in thermus thermophilus: beta-galactosidase, dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, pnb carboxy esterase, 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol dioxygenase, and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase.	enzymes from thermophiles are preferred for industrial applications because they generally show improved tolerance to temperature, pressure, solvents, and ph as compared with enzymes from mesophiles. however, nearly all thermostable enzymes used in industrial applications or available commercially are produced as recombinant enzymes in mesophiles, typically escherichia coli. the development of high-temperature bioprocesses, particularly those involving cofactor-requiring enzymes and/or multi-ste ...	2004	15138843
structure of 6-oxo camphor hydrolase h122a mutant bound to its natural product, (2s,4s)-alpha-campholinic acid: mutant structure suggests an atypical mode of transition state binding for a crotonase homolog.	the crotonase homolog, 6-oxo camphor hydrolase (och), catalyzes the desymmetrization of bicyclic beta-diketones to optically active keto acids via an enzymatic retro-claisen reaction, resulting in the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. we have previously reported the structure of och (whittingham, j. l., turkenburg, j. p., verma, c. s., walsh, m. a., and grogan, g. (2003) j. biol. chem. 278, 1744-1750), which suggested the involvement of five residues, his-45, his-122, his-145, asp-154, and glu-2 ...	2004	15138275
identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting dna hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment.	selective agar media have been used for many years to facilitate the isolation of rhodococcus equi from environmental and clinical samples. however, characterisation of r. equi still requires the use of immunochemical or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis to differentiate between virulent and avirulent isolates. here, we describe a novel method to detect and differentiate between r. equi isolates using colony blotting and dna hybridization. radiolabelled pcr product derived from the r. equ ...	2004	15135520
relation between bacterial strain resistance to solvents and biodesulfurization activity in organic medium.	microorganisms used in biodesulfurization of petroleum products have to withstand high concentrations of hydrocarbons. the capacities of seven desulfurizing strains of rhodococcus to be active in the presence of solvents were evaluated. octanol and toluene (log p=2.9) were selected as toxic solvents. the effect of the solvents was determined by measuring either inhibition of growth or the decrease in respiratory activity of the cells. differences among strains in their resistance to solvent resp ...	2004	15133641
nitrite elimination and hydrolytic ring cleavage in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) degradation.	two hydrogenation reactions in the initial steps of degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol produce the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. the npdh gene (contained in the npd gene cluster of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1) was shown here to encode a tautomerase, catalyzing a proton shift between the aci-nitro and the nitro forms of the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. an enzyme (which eliminated nitrite from the aci-ni ...	2004	15128543
bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the ni hyperaccumulator thlaspi goesingense.	thlaspi goesingense is able to hyperaccumulate extremely high concentrations of ni when grown in ultramafic soils. recently it has been shown that rhizosphere bacteria may increase the heavy metal concentrations in hyperaccumulator plants significantly, whereas the role of endophytes has not been investigated yet. in this study the rhizosphere and shoot-associated (endophytic) bacteria colonizing t. goesingense were characterized in detail by using both cultivation and cultivation-independent te ...	2004	15128517
the immunogenicity of rhodococcus equi groel2-based vaccines in a murine model.	rhodococcus equi is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen in foals. however, at present there is no commercially available vaccine for the prevention of r. equi-induced disease in these animals. studies have shown that groel based vaccines can afford protection against some intracellular pathogens. in this study, the r. equi gene encoding the heat shock protein groel2 was cloned and sequenced, with a view to using it as a vaccine candidate. the promoter region of the gene contained two ...	2004	15127846
degradation pathways of cyclic alkanes in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48.	the degradation pathways for cyclic alkanes (c-alkanes) in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48 were investigated. strain ndkk48 used dodecylcyclohexane as a sole carbon and energy source, and five metabolites in the dodecylcyclohexane degradation pathway were detected by gas-chromatography/mass spectra. the metabolites were identified as cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexylacetic acid, 1-cyclohexene-1-acetic acid, 4-dodecylcyclohexanol, and 4-dodecylcyclohexanone. the strain degrades dodecylcyclohexane via ...	2004	15118847
multiplicity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrading bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous k37.	rhodococcus rhodochrous k37, a gram-positive bacterium grown under alkaline conditions, was isolated for its ability to metabolize pcbs. analysis revealed that it has eight genes encoding extradiol dioxygenase, which has 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity, and these genes were designated bphc1 to bphc8. according to the classification of extradiol dioxygenases [eltis, l. d., and bolin, j. t., j. bacteriol., 178, 5930-5937 (1996)], bphc3 and bphc6 belong to the type ii enzyme group. t ...	2004	15118304
generation of larger numbers of separated microbial populations by cultivation in segmented-flow microdevices.	the high speed production of fluid segments for the highly parallelized cultivation of monoclonal cell populations was carried out by the use of microchip segmentor modules. aqueous fluid segments, embedded in a non-miscible carrier liquid, were produced with frequencies up to 30 s(-1) and showed a high homogeneity in size. this corresponds with the production of about 2.5 million samples per day. the segment volumes can be adapted between about 4 nl and 100 nl. the typical segment size for cult ...	2003	15100775
crude oil and hydrocarbon-degrading strains of rhodococcus rhodochrous isolated from soil and marine environments in kuwait.	soil and marine samples collected from different localities in kuwait were screened for microorganisms capable of oil degradation. both fungi and bacteria were isolated. the fungal flora consisted of aspergillus terreus, a. sulphureus, mucor globosus, fusarium sp. and penicillum citrinum. mucor globosus was the most active oil degrading fungus isolated. bacterial isolates included bacillus spp. enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas spp., nocardia spp., streptomyces spp.,and rhodococcus spp. among thes ...	1990	15092275
pb264, a small, mobilizable, temperature sensitive plasmid from rhodococcus.	gram-positive bacteria of the genus rhodococcus have shown an extraordinary capacity for metabolizing recalcitrant organic compounds. one hindrance to the full exploitation of rhodococcus is the dearth of genetic tools available for strain manipulation. to address this issue, we sought to develop a plasmid-based system for genetic manipulation of a variety of rhodococcus strains.	2004	15084226
diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia.	the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical usefulness of thoracic ultrasonography compared to thoracic radiography in evaluation of rhodococcus equi pneumonia. criteria for patient inclusion in this study were: (1) isolation of r. equi from transtracheal aspirate, (2) radiographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma, and (3) sonographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma. seventeen foals met this criteria and their medical records were reviewed. pyogranulomatous pne ...	2004	15072151
indene bioconversion by a toluene inducible dioxygenase of rhodococcus sp. i24.	rhodococcus sp. i24 can oxygenate indene via at least three independent enzyme activities: (i) a naphthalene inducible monooxygenase (ii) a naphthalene inducible dioxygenase, and (iii) a toluene inducible dioxygenase (tid). pulsed field gel analysis revealed that the i24 strain harbors two megaplasmids of approximately 340 and approximately 50 kb. rhodococcus sp. ky1, a derivative of the i24 strain, lacks the approximately 340 kb element as well as the tid activity. southern blotting and sequenc ...	2004	15069586
crystal structure of 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the crystal structure of the 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, a fe(iii) ion-containing enzyme involved in the aerobic biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds, has been solved by multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion using the weak anomalous signal of the two catalytic irons (1 fe/257 amino acids) and refined at a 2.5 a resolution (r(free) 28.7%; r factor 21.4%). the analysis of the structure and its comparison with the ...	2004	15060064
rhodococcus aetherivorans sp. nov., a new species that contains methyl t-butyl ether-degrading actinomycetes.	the taxonomic positions of two actinomycetes, strains bc663 and 10bc312t, provisionally assigned to the genus rhodococcus were determined using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. the organisms have phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus rhodococcus and were assigned to the 16s rrna subgroup which contains rhodococcus rhodochrous and closely related species. the two strains, which have many phenotypic features in common, belong to the same genomic species albeit ...	2004	15053322
a novel system for expressing recombinant proteins over a wide temperature range from 4 to 35 degrees c.	escherichia coli cells are the most commonly used host cells for large-scale production of recombinant proteins, but some proteins are difficult to express in e. coli. therefore, we tested the nocardioform actinomycete rhodococcus erythropolis, which grows at temperatures ranging from 4 to 35 degrees c, as an expression host cell. we constructed inducible expression vectors, where the expression of the target genes could be controlled with the antibiotic thiostrepton. using these expression vect ...	2004	15052633
metabolic pathway engineering to enhance aerobic degradation of chlorinated ethenes and to reduce their toxicity by cloning a novel glutathione s-transferase, an evolved toluene o-monooxygenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.	aerobic, co-metabolic bioremediation of trichloroethylene (tce), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-dce) and other chlorinated ethenes with monooxygenase-expressing microorganisms is limited by the toxic epoxides produced as intermediates. a recombinant escherichia coli strain less sensitive to the toxic effects of cis-dce, tce and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-dce) degradation has been created by engineering a novel pathway consisting of eight genes including a dna-shuffled toluene ortho-monooxy ...	2004	15049922
hydrocarbon spills on antarctic soils: effects and management.	antarctic exploration and research have led to some significant although localized impacts on the environment. human impacts occur around current or past scientific research stations, typically located on ice-free areas that are predominantly soils. fuel spills, the most common occurrence, have the potential to cause the greatest environmental impact in the antarctic through accumulation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. effective management of hydrocarbon spills is dependent on understanding ...	2004	15046325
nramp1 deletion does not confer susceptibility to rhodococcus equi infection in mice.	rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised people and foals. the nramp1 gene influences susceptibility to a variety of intracellular bacteria (including mycobacterial species), but not to mycobacterium tuberculosis. in this study, we demonstrate that mice functionally deleted of the nramp1 gene were not more susceptible to infection with virulent r. equi (atcc 33701) than wild-type mice. susceptibility of mice to infection with the intracellular bac ...	2004	15045472
high-throughput measurement of the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols by using two enzymes.		2004	15038041
the n-terminal coiled coil of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase is neither necessary for oligomerization nor nucleotide hydrolysis.	deletion mutants of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase were generated and characterized by biochemical analysis and electron microscopy. based on sequence comparisons the arc protein was divided into three consecutive regions, the n-terminal coiled coil, the central arc-specific inter domain and the c-terminal aaa domain. when the arc aaa domain was expressed separately it formed aggregates of undefined structure. however, when the aaa domain was expressed in conjunction with the precee ...	2004	15037247
[in process citation].	rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, obligate aerobe, partially acid fast, gram-positive pathogen that causes cavitary pneumonia in animals and immunocompromised humans. we describe 8 cases of r. equi pneumonia in patients with advanced hiv infection (cd4 counts less than 100/mm3), 7 males and 1 female (mean age 30.8 years), observed between 1991 and 1994. a history of exposure to farm animals was found in 4 patients. the most common presenting symptoms were fever, malaise, dyspnea, ...	1995	15034308
rapid determination of vapa/vapb genotype in rhodococcus equi using a differential polymerase chain reaction method.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative pathogen of foals. infection causes an often fatal pulmonary pneumonia. the organism has also been isolated from pigs, cattle, humans and the environment. equine virulence has a high positive correlation with the expression of a 17.4 kd polypeptide of unknown function, vapa, the product of the plasmid-encoded vapa gene. more recently an isogene of vapa, referred to as vapb and encoding an 18.2 kda polypeptide, has been identified among pig and human isolates. th ...	2004	15031644
characterization of transcriptional regulatory genes for biphenyl degradation in rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	transcription of the bpha1a2a3a4c1b genes, which are responsible for the conversion of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl to the meta-cleavage products in rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, was examined. the bpha1 promoter (p(bpha1)) was identified and was shown to promote transcription induction by biphenyl and ethylbenzene. an 8.8-kb hindiii fragment that promotes transcription induction of p(bpha1) in rhodococcus erythropolis iam1399 was isolated from the region downstream of bphb by using a rep ...	2004	15028699
rhodococcus gordoniae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from clinical material and phenol-contaminated soil.	the taxonomic relationships of two actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus rhodococcus were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. the generic assignment was confirmed by 16s rrna gene similarity data, as the organisms, strains mtcc 1534 and w 4937(t), were shown to belong to the rhodococcus rhodochrous subclade. these organisms had phenotypic properties typical of rhodococci; they were aerobic, gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycetes that showed an elementary branchin ...	2004	15023952
two-day induction with thymoglobulin in kidney transplantation: risks and benefits.	the aim of this study was to develop an induction protocol to reduce allograft rejection with fewer posttransplant infections and malignancies.	2004	15013305
purification and characterization of a chemotolerant alcohol dehydrogenase applicable to coupled redox reactions.	the purification and characterization of an organic solvent tolerant, nadh-dependent medium-chain secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (denoted sec-adh "a") from rhodococcus ruber dsm 44541 is reported. the enzyme can withstand elevated concentrations of organic solvents, such as acetone (up to 50% v/v) and 2-propanol (up to 80% v/v). thus, it is ideally suited for the preparative-scale enantioselective oxidation of sec-alcohol and the asymmetric reduction of ketones, using acetone and 2-propanol, re ...	2004	15007841
haloalkane hydrolysis by rhodococcus erythropolis cells: comparison of conventional aqueous phase dehalogenation and nonconventional gas phase dehalogenation.	biofiltration of air polluted by volatile organic compounds is now recognized by the industrial and research communities as an effective and viable alternative to standard environmental technologies. whereas many studies have focused on solid/liquid/gas biofilters, there have been fewer reports on waste air treatment using other biological processes, especially in a solid/gas biofilter. in this study, a comparison was made of the hydrolysis of halogenated compounds (such as 1-chlorobutane) by ly ...	2004	15007840
use of a novel fluorinated organosulfur compound to isolate bacteria capable of carbon-sulfur bond cleavage.	the vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. specific microbial cleavage of c-s bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. to date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave c-s bonds within alkyl chains. screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (pfps ...	2004	15006770
immunogenecity of synthetic peptides representing linear b-cell epitopes of vapa of rhodococcus equi.	amino acid 65-78 of membrane protein vapa of the facultative intracellular rhodococcus equi contained an immunodominant n-terminal b-cell epitope (n15y peptide). safety and immunogenecity of a synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid 65-78 of vapa (peptide n15y) were evaluated first in mice and in healthy adult horses. a single dose of a peptide-vapa vaccine induced and only in presence of adjuvant, specific igg antibodies in sera of mice. after challenge with virulent r. equi 3 weeks afte ...	2004	15003638
b and t cell suppression in an arabian horse with rhodococcus equi infection.		2004	14979446
phenotypic alterations in arabidopsis thaliana plants caused by rhodococcus fascians infection.	arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. plants were challenged with rhodococcus fascians at several developmental stages and using different inoculation procedures. a variety of morphological alterations was scored on the infected plants; some of them resembled phenotypes of a. thaliana mutants in their shoot apical meristem (sam) organization. infection with r. fascians did not affect sam organization in wild type nor in sam mutants. anatomical studies on the new organs formed after infection with r. ...	2004	14968352
temporal dynamics and degradation activity of an bacterial inoculum for treating waste metal-working fluid.	in order for established bioreactors to be effective for treating chemically mixed wastes such as metal working fluids (mwf) it is essential that they harbour microbial populations that can maintain sufficient active biomass and degrade each of the chemical constituents present. in this study we investigated the effectiveness of a bacterial consortium composed of four species (clavibacter michiganensis, methylobacterium mesophilicum, rhodococcus erythropolis and pseudomonas putida), assembled on ...	2004	14871209
studies on strains of corynebacterium equi isolated from pigs.		1950	14800806
[fluorene degradation by bacteria of the genus rhodococcus].	of the four investigated rhodococcus strains (r. rhodochrous 172, r. opacus 4a and 557, and r. rhodnii 135), the first three strains were found to be able to completely transform fluorene when it was present in the medium as the sole source of carbon at a concentration of 12-25 mg/l. at a fluorene concentration of 50-100 mg/l in the medium, the rhodococci transformed 50% of the substrate in 14 days. the addition of casamino acids and sucrose (1-5 g/l) stimulated fluorene transformation, so that ...	2003	14768539
biodegradation of the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine ring cleavage product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by phanerochaete chrysosporium.	initial denitration of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by rhodococcus sp. strain dn22 produces co2 and the dead-end product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (ndab), ohcnhch2nhno2, in high yield. here we describe experiments to determine the biodegradability of ndab in liquid culture and soils containing phanerochaete chrysosporium. a soil sample taken from an ammunition plant contained rdx (342 micromol kg(-1)), hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; 3,057 micromol kg(-1)), ...	2004	14766596
dna isolation from soil samples for cloning in different hosts.	many protocols to extract dna directly from soil samples have been developed in recent years. we employed two extraction methods which differed in the method of lysis and compared these methods with respect to yield, purity and degree of shearing. the main focus was on the specific isolation of dna from different microorganisms, especially dna from actinomycetes, as these cells are very difficult to lyse, in contrast to non-actinomycetes. thus, we used both methods to isolate dna from pseudomona ...	2004	14758515
biocatalytic scrubbing of gaseous acrylonitrile using rhodococcus ruber immobilized in synthetic silicone polymer (immobasil) rings.	microbial detoxification of acrylonitrile vapor was performed using rhodococcus ruber immobilized into rings of a synthetic silicone polymer (immobasil ) sponge. the immobilization matrix was used as both the cell support material and also as the trickle-bed column packing. the elimination capacity of the biocatalytic scrubber was determined for different influent concentrations of gaseous acrylonitrile. the working life of the nongrowing biocatalyst was also examined under test conditions and w ...	2004	14755563
necrotic death of rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages is regulated by virulence-associated plasmids.	rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause severe bronchopneumonia in foals and aids patients. it has been reported that advanced infection of foals is characterized by tissue necrosis, coinciding with the presence of degenerate bacteria-laden macrophages. here, we report that the possession of the vapa-expressing plasmid, which has been previously correlated with a high level of virulence for foals and mice, strongly increases cytotoxicity of r. equi for murine ma ...	2004	14742529
asymmetrically acting lycopene beta-cyclases (crtlm) from non-photosynthetic bacteria.	carotenoids have important functions in photosynthesis, nutrition, and protection against oxidative damage. some natural carotenoids are asymmetrical molecules that are difficult to produce chemically. biological production of carotenoids using specific enzymes is a potential alternative to extraction from natural sources. here we report the isolation of lycopene beta-cyclases that selectively cyclize only one end of lycopene or neurosporene. the crtlm genes encoding the asymmetrically acting ly ...	2004	14740205
granulomatous interstitial nephritis of the allograft kidney associated with rhodococcal pulmonary infection.		2004	14736981
microbial production of isoquinoline from indene.	a purified microbial isolate, identified as a strain of rhodococcus sp., metabolized indene primarily to iso quinoline and lesser amounts of indandiol and indanone. isoquinoline production was dependent on the presence of microbial culture, indene, and ammonium ions as the source of nitrogen in the molecule. the ability to produce isoquinoline was induced by growth on benzene or naphthalene and by the presence of indene itself. the culture produced compounds tentatively identified as 3-methyliso ...	2003	14735219
heterologous production and characterization of bacterial nickel/cobalt permeases.	nickel/cobalt permeases (nicots, tc 2.a.52) are a rapidly growing family of structurally related membrane transporters whose members are found in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, in thermoacidophilic archaea, and in fungi. previous studies have predicted two subclasses represented by hoxn of ralstonia eutropha, a selective nickel transporter, and by nhlf of rhodococcus rhodochrous, a nickel and cobalt transporter that displays a preference for the co ion. in the present study, nicot gen ...	2004	14734175
rhodococcus equi peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.	the human rhodococcus equi (r. equi) infection is now emerging, although extrapulmonary manifestation and isolation from patients without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection remains unusual. considerable effort is required to correctly identify and diagnose this facultative pathogen in patients with peritonitis in end-stage renal failure (esrf) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). in the six cases of r. equi capd peritonitis reported in this series, diagnoses were made, ...	2003	14733423
first cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 4. horses.	in this fourth article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following six cases of horse diseases are discussed: disseminated metastatic intramedullary melanoma. lipoma of the extensor tendon sheaths. meningoencephalomyelitis in a neonatal foal due to salmonella agona infection. neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. placentitis due to rhodococcus equi infection. right atrial diverticulum in a foal. after a short introduction, the bibliographical ...	2003	14714739
novel pathway for utilization of cyclopropanecarboxylate by rhodococcus rhodochrous.	a new strain isolated from soil utilizes cyclopropanecarboxylate as the sole source of carbon and energy and was identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous (h. nishihara, y. ochi, h. nakano, m. ando, and t. toraya, j. ferment. bioeng. 80:400-402, 1995). a novel pathway for the utilization of cyclopropanecarboxylate, a highly strained compound, by this bacterium was investigated. cyclopropanecarboxylate-dependent reduction of nad(+) in cell extracts of cyclopropanecarboxylate-grown cells was observed. ...	2004	14711645
rhodococcus equi virulence plasmids recovered from horses and their environment in jeju, korea: 90-kb type ii and a new variant, 90-kb type v.	rhodococcus equi was isolated from fecal and soil samples from four native jeju horse farms and six thoroughbred farms in jeju, korea. the isolates were examined for the presence of virulence-associated 15-17-kda antigens (vapa) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10g5, and for the gene encoding vapa by pcr. r. equi was isolated from all 36 soil samples collected from the 10 farms with between 5.0 x 10(2) and 7.5 x 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil, and from 37 of 4 ...	2003	14709819
bioremediation of chlorobenzene-contaminated ground water in an in situ reactor mediated by hydrogen peroxide.	new in situ reactive barrier technologies were tested nearby a local aquifer in bitterfeld, saxonia-anhalt, germany, which is polluted mainly by chlorobenzene (cb), in concentrations up to 450 microm. a reactor filled with original aquifer sediment was designed for the microbiological remediation of the ground water by indigenous bacterial communities. two remediation variants were examined: (a) the degradation of cb under anoxic conditions in the presence of nitrate; (b) the degradation of cb u ...	2004	14698874
a polyketide synthase catalyzes the last condensation step of mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria and related organisms.	mycolic acids are major and specific constituents of the cell envelope of corynebacterineae, a suborder of bacterial species including several important human pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, or corynebacterium diphtheriae. these long-chain fatty acids are involved in the unusual architecture and impermeability of the cell envelope of these bacteria. the condensase, the enzyme responsible for the final condensation step in mycolic acid biosynthesis, has remaine ...	2004	14695899
foal-related risk factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia on farms with endemic infection.	to identify foal-related risk factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia among foals on farms with endemic r. equi infection.	2003	14690209
comparative benzene-induced fatty acid changes in a rhodococcus species and its benzene-sensitive mutant: possible role of myristic and oleic acids in tolerance.	a gram positive bacterium of the genus rhodococcus was isolated from a contaminated site in sydney, australia, for its ability to tolerate and degrade high concentrations of benzene. to identify fatty acids that may impart this rhodococcus sp. with tolerance to toxic solvents, a benzene-sensitive strain, labeled m2b, was isolated using ems mutagenesis. a comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles showed that strain m2b was unable to increase its saturated:unsaturated ratio of fatty acids to the ...	2003	14682518
npdr, a repressor involved in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol degradation in rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1.	rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1 utilizes 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) as a sole nitrogen source. the initial attack on picric acid occurs through two hydrogenation reactions. hydride transferase ii (encoded by npdi) and hydride transferase i (encoded by npdc) are responsible for the hydride transfers. database searches with the npd genes have indicated the presence of a putative transcriptional regulator, npdr. here, the npdr gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and the protein was purified ...	2004	14679229
bacterial composition of the biofilm on the surface of course sediment of the danube: with special reference to the clinically important bacteria.	on monthly intervals and over a period of 14 months (november, 1993-december, 1994) biofilm samples from sediments taken at the szentendre island on the danube were culturel and the isolated organisms were examined macromorphologically and micromorphogically and tested for oxidase and catalase production and their ability to oxidise and ferment glucose. the majority (85%) of the strains isolated were catalase positive. 43% were oxidase positive, 38% were glucose oxidisers and only 19% fermented ...	1998	14666747
high efficiency degradation of tetrahydrofuran (thf) using a membrane bioreactor: identification of thf-degrading cultures of pseudonocardia sp. strain m1 and rhodococcus ruber isolate m2.	a mixed microbial culture capable of growing aerobically on tetrahydrofuran (thf) as a sole carbon and energy source was used as the inoculum in a 10 l working volume membrane bioreactor. following start-up, the reactor was operated in batch mode for 24 h and then switched to continuous feed with 100% biomass recycle. on average, greater than 96% of thf fed to the reactor was removed during the 8-month study. thf loading rates ranged from 0.62 to 9.07 g l(-1) day(-1) with a hydraulic retention t ...	2003	14666425
characterisation of nitrilase and nitrile hydratase biocatalytic systems.	biocatalytic transformations converting aromatic and arylaliphatic nitriles into the analogous related amide or acid were investigated. these studies included synthesis of the beta-substituted nitrile 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionitrile, subsequent enrichment and isolation on this substrate of nitrile-degrading microorganisms from the environment, and a comparative study of enzymatic reactions of nitriles by resting cell cultures and enzymes. each biocatalyst exhibited a distinctive substrate select ...	2004	14666389
carbon source-induced modifications in the mycolic acid content and cell wall permeability of rhodococcus erythropolis e1.	the influence of the carbon source on cell wall properties was analyzed in an efficient alkane-degrading strain of rhodococcus erythropolis (strain e1), with particular focus on the mycolic acid content. a clear correlation was observed between the carbon source and the mycolic acid profiles as estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. two types of mycolic acid patterns were observed after growth either on saturated linear alkanes or on short-chain alkanoates. on ...	2003	14660344
crystal structures of the rhodococcus proteasome with and without its pro-peptides: implications for the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly.	to understand the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly, we have determined structures of the rhodococcus proteasome and a mutant form that prevents the autocatalytic removal of its pro-peptides. the structures reveal that the pro-peptide acts as an assembly-promoting factor by linking its own beta-subunit to two adjacent alpha-subunits, thereby providing a molecular explanation for the observed kinetics of proteasome assembly. the rhodococcus proteasome has been found to have a substan ...	2004	14659753
isolation and 16s dna characterization of soil microorganisms from tropical soils capable of utilizing the herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron.	six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from colombian (south america) and hawaiian (usa) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (hex) and tebuthiuron (teb). microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16s dna sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16s rrna gene for bacterial identification. the isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from colombia. ...	2003	14649709
frozen cancellous bone allografts: positive cultures of implanted grafts in posterior fusions of the spine.	we have carried out a study on the behaviour pattern of implanted allografts initially stored in perfect conditions (aseptically processed, culture-negative and stored at -80 degrees c) but which presented positive cultures at the implantation stage. there is no information available on how to deal with this type of situation, so our aim was to set guidelines on the course of action which would be required in such a case. this was a retrospective study of 112 patients who underwent a spinal arth ...	2004	14648307
biosynthesis of caco3 crystals of complex morphology using a fungus and an actinomycete.	the biosynthesis of caco3 by reaction of aqueous ca2+ ions with a fungus, fusarium sp., and an actinomycete, rhodococcus sp. (both plant organisms), is described. in the case of the fungus, cruciform-shaped calcite crystals are obtained (sem picture a) while the actinomycete yielded the unstable polymorph of caco3, vaterite (sem picture b). specific proteins secreted by the microorganisms are responsible for the morphology and crystallography control observed. a highlight of this approach is tha ...	2003	14640611
molecular epidemiology of rhodococcus equi of intermediate virulence isolated from patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome in chiang mai, thailand.	we investigated the prevalence of virulent rhodococcus equi in clinical isolates from 69 sporadic cases (60 men, 8 women, and 1 patient of unknown sex) in chiang mai, thailand, between 1993 and 2001. fifty were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive, 3 were hiv negative, and hiv status was unknown for 16. fifty-two (75%) of 69 isolates were strains of intermediate virulence that contained the virulence-associated 20-kda antigen, and 17 isolates (25%) were avirulent. no virulent strains with ...	2003	14639543
up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with rhodococcus aurantiacus.	after intravenous injection of rhodococcus aurantiacus normal mice develop non-necrotic granulomas, the formation of which is dependent on endogenous interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). in the early phase of r. aurantiacus infection a high level of endogenous interleukin-6 (il-6) is detected in the spleen extracts, though its importance is unknown. using il-6 knockout (il-6-/-) mice, we studied the role of il-6 in granulomatous inflammation induced by r. aurantiacus. the size of granulomas generated i ...	2003	14632648
effects of iron modulation on growth and viability of rhodococcus equi and expression of virulence-associated protein a.	to determine the importance of iron for in vitro growth of rhodococcus equi, define potential iron sources in the environment and mechanisms by which r equi may obtain iron from the environment, and assess expression and immunogenicity of iron-regulated proteins.	2003	14620767
analysis of bacterial dna patterns--an approach for controlling biotechnological processes.	optimisation of biotechnological processes catalysed by microbial cells requires detailed information about operational limits of the single cells. their performance is correlated with distinct physiological states. we related these states to cell cycle events, which were found to proceed extremely diversely in different bacterial strains. characteristic dna patterns were found flow cytometrically, depending on the type of strain, substrates and growth conditions involved; this information can b ...	2003	14607431
isopropanol and acetone induces vinyl chloride degradation in rhodococcus rhodochrous.	in situ bioremediation of vinyl chloride (vc)-contaminated waste sites requires a microorganism capable of degrading vc. while propane will induce an oxygenase to accomplish this goal, its use as a primary substrate in bioremediation is complicated by its flammability and low water solubility. this study demonstrates that two degradation products of propane, isoproponal and acetone, can induce the enzymes in rhodococcus rhodochrous that degrade vc. additionally, a reasonable number of cells for ...	2003	14605909
the rhodococcus sp. cocaine esterase: a bacterial candidate for novel pharmacokinetic-based therapies for cocaine abuse.	cocaine is a powerful central nervous stimulant and among the most abused of drugs. despite decades of efforts, however, no effective pharmacological treatments are available against cocaine addiction or toxic effects. classical receptor-antagonist therapeutic approaches have not yielded significant effects, although cocaine targets are well known, thus fostering development of alternative therapeutic strategies. recent evidence indicates that a sensible approach for treatment of cocaine abuse c ...	2003	14584590
rhodococcus equi secreted antigens are immunogenic and stimulate a type 1 recall response in the lungs of horses immune to r. equi infection.	rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans and an important primary pathogen in young horses. although r. equi infection can produce life-threatening pyogranulomatous pneumonia, most foals develop a protective immune response that lasts throughout life. the antigen targets of this protective response are currently unknown; however, mycobacterium tuberculosis is a closely related intracellular pathogen and provides a model system. based on previous studies of m. tub ...	2003	14573652
motif cxcc in nitrile hydratase activator is critical for nhase biogenesis in vivo.	nitrile hydratase (nhase) activator from rhodococcus sp. n-771 is required for nhase functional expression. the motif 73cxcc76 in the nhase activator sequence was here revealed to be vital for its function by site-directed mutagenesis. all three substitutions of the cysteines by serines resulted in a much lower level of expression of active nhase. furthermore, interaction between nhase activator and nhase was detected and the critical role of nhase activator was not exhibited in the cysteine oxi ...	2003	14572657
biological waste gas treatment with a modified rotating biological contactor. iota. control of biofilm growth and long-term performance.	in this work, we introduce a modified rotating biological contactor (rbc) system and demonstrate its feasibility by applying the newly devised process to the biological treatment of artificial waste gas. in the proposed system, the waste gas is introduced to the bioreactor in the spacings between the rotating discs through a hollow shaft, thus allowing for intimate gas-liquid contact. a 91-l modified rbc containing 20 biofilm support discs 40 cm in diameter was used in the experiments. toluene w ...	2003	14564499
involvement of nitric oxide synthase in sucrose-enhanced hydrogen peroxide tolerance of rhodococcus sp. strain apg1, a plant-colonizing bacterium.	hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) tolerance of rhodococcus sp. strain apg1, previously isolated from the aquatic fern azolla pinnata, was examined in relation to nitric oxide (no) production by cells cultured on a variety of c sources. cells inoculated onto a. pinnata fronds established a surface-sterilant resistant density of 2-4x10(7) cells g(-1) without causing disease. compared to cultures containing glucose, fructose, mannitol, or glycerol, those provided only with sucrose displayed, on a per c basi ...	2003	14559426
development of a conductimetric biosensor using immobilised rhodococcus ruber whole cells for the detection and quantification of acrylonitrile.	a conductimetric biosensor for the detection of acrylonitrile in solution was designed and characterised using whole cells of rhodococcus ruber ncimb 40757, which were immobilised into a disc of dimethyl silicone sponge (immobasil). the biosensor described was capable of the detection and quantification of acrylonitrile in aqueous solution, having a linear response to concentrations between 2 and 50 mm (106-2650 ppm) acrylonitrile. the biosensor has been shown to be reproducible with respect to ...	2003	14559001
a gene cluster responsible for alkylaldoxime metabolism coexisting with nitrile hydratase and amidase in rhodococcus globerulus a-4.	an enzyme "alkylaldoxime dehydratase (oxdrg)" was purified and characterized from rhodococcus globerulus a-4, in which nitrile hydratase (nhase) and amidase coexisted with the enzyme. the enzyme contains heme b as a prosthetic group, requires reducing reagents for the reaction, and is most active at a neutral ph and at around 30 degrees c, similar to the phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase from bacillus sp. oxb-1 (oxdb). however, some differences were seen in subunit structure, substrate specificity, ...	2003	14556637
evolution of the soluble diiron monooxygenases.	based on structural, biochemical, and genetic data, the soluble diiron monooxygenases can be divided into four groups: the soluble methane monooxygenases, the amo alkene monooxygenase of rhodococcus corallinus b-276, the phenol hydroxylases, and the four-component alkene/aromatic monooxygenases. the limited phylogenetic distribution of these enzymes among bacteria, together with available genetic evidence, indicates that they have been spread largely through horizontal gene transfer. phylogeneti ...	2003	14550940
rhodococcus equi and genetic susceptibility: assessing transferrin genotypes from paraffin-embedded tissues.	rhodococcus equi is a bacterial pathogen, ubiquitous in the soil, that infects many foals and is lethal to some. transferrin is an iron-binding protein that has bacteriostatic properties in the blood. transferrin is also highly polymorphic in most species, with 15 variants identified for horses using biochemical methods, and may be responsible for variation in susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. the objectives of this study were 1) to compare biochemical typing with dna typing of transferrin, ...	2003	14535549
nitrile hydrolysing activities of deep-sea and terrestrial mycolate actinomycetes.	nitrile metabolising actinomycetes previously recovered from deep-sea sediments and terrestrial soils were investigated for their nitrile transforming properties. metabolic profiling and activity assays confirmed that all strains catalysed the hydrolysis of nitriles by a nitrile hydratase/amidase system. acetonitrile and benzonitrile, when used as growth substrates for enzyme induction experiments, had a significant influence on the biotransformation activities towards various nitriles and amide ...	2003	14533712
distribution of the coenzyme m pathway of epoxide metabolism among ethene- and vinyl chloride-degrading mycobacterium strains.	an epoxyalkane:coenzyme m (com) transferase (eacomt) enzyme was recently found to be active in the aerobic vinyl chloride (vc) and ethene assimilation pathways of mycobacterium strain js60. in the present study, eacomt activity and genes were investigated in 10 different mycobacteria isolated on vc or ethene from diverse environmental samples. in all cases, epoxyethane metabolism in cell extracts was dependent on com, with average specific activities of eacomt between 380 and 2,910 nmol/min/mg o ...	2003	14532060
substrate preferences in biodesulfurization of diesel range fuels by rhodococcus sp. strain ecrd-1.	the range of sulfur compounds in fuel oil and the substrate range and preference of the biocatalytic system determine the maximum extent to which sulfur can be removed by biodesulfurization. we show that the biodesulfurization apparatus in rhodococcus sp. strain ecrd-1 is able to attack all isomers of dibenzothiophene including those with at least four pendant carbons, with a slight preference for those substituted in the alpha-position. with somewhat less avidity, this apparatus is also able to ...	2003	14532032
diversity of nitrile hydratase and amidase enzyme genes in rhodococcus erythropolis recovered from geographically distinct habitats.	a molecular screening approach was developed in order to amplify the genomic region that codes for the alpha- and beta-subunits of the nitrile hydratase (nhase) enzyme in rhodococci. specific pcr primers were designed for the nhase genes from a collection of nitrile-degrading actinomycetes, but amplification was successful only with strains identified as rhodococcus erythropolis. a hydratase pcr product was also obtained from r. erythropolis dsm 43066(t), which did not grow on nitriles. southern ...	2003	14532022
crystallization of the terminal oxygenase component of biphenyl dioxygenase derived from rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	the terminal oxygenase component of the biphenyl dioxygenase (bpha1a2 complex) was over-expressed with a novel over expression system in recombinant rhodococcus strain and purified. the purified enzyme has been crystallized by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method and subjected to x-ray diffraction analysis. the crystals belong to the tetragonal system in the space group p4(1)2(1)2 or p4(3)2(1)2 and diffract to better than 2.2a resolution.	2003	14529495
protonation structures of cys-sulfinic and cys-sulfenic acids in the photosensitive nitrile hydratase revealed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus n-771, which catalyzes hydration of nitriles to the corresponding amides, exhibits novel photosensitivity; in the dark, it is in the inactive form that binds an endogenous nitric oxide (no) molecule at the non-heme iron center, and photodissociation of the no activates the enzyme. nhase is also known to have a unique active site structure. two cysteine ligands to the iron center, alphacys112 and alphacys114, are post-translationally modified to sulfinic ...	2003	14529274
[the quantity and structure of the root-associated microbial complexes of two greenhouse rose cultivars].	the study of the root-associated microbial complexes of affected and healthy rose plants of two cultivars (grand gala and royal velvet) grown in a greenhouse showed that the biomass of eukaryotic microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy rose plants and in the surrounding soil was considerably lower than in the same loci of affected plants. in contrast, the biomass of root-associated prokaryotic microorganisms was higher in the case of healthy than in the case of affected rose ...	2003	14526548
degradation of alkanes and highly chlorinated benzenes, and production of biosurfactants, by a psychrophilic rhodococcus sp. and genetic characterization of its chlorobenzene dioxygenase.	rhodococcus sp. strain ms11 was isolated from a mixed culture. it displays a diverse range of metabolic capabilities. during growth on 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-tecb) and 3-chlorobenzoate stoichiometric amounts of chloride were released. it also utilized all three isomeric dichlorobenzenes and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon and energy source. furthermore, the bacterium grew well on a great number of n-alkanes ranging from n-heptane to n-triacontane an ...	2003	14523120
in vitro antimicrobial activity of moxifloxacin compared to other quinolones against recent clinical bacterial isolates from hospitalized and community-based cancer patients.	the in vitro spectrum of moxifloxacin (a c-8-methoxyquinolone) was compared to that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against 924 recent clinical isolates from cancer patients. moxifloxacin was more active than the comparator agents against gram-positive pathogens, with potent activity against aerococcus spp., listeria monocytogenes, micrococcus spp., rhodococcus equi, and stomatococcus mucilaginous, methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus spp., all beta hemolytic streptococci, viridans streptoco ...	2003	14522520
a self-sufficient cytochrome p450 with a primary structural organization that includes a flavin domain and a [2fe-2s] redox center.	p450 rhf from rhodococcus sp. ncimb 9784 is the first example of a new class of cytochrome p450 in which electrons are supplied by a novel, fmn- and fe/s-containing, reductase partner in a fused arrangement. we have previously cloned the gene encoding the enzyme and shown it to comprise an n-terminal p450 domain fused to a reductase domain that displays similarity to the phthalate family of oxygenase reductase proteins. a reductase of this type had never previously been reported to interact with ...	2003	14514666
enhanced desulfurization in a transposon-mutant strain of rhodococcus erythropolis.	the dsz desulfurization gene cluster from rhodococcus erythropolis strain ka2-5-1 was transferred into r. erythropolis strain mc1109, unable to desulfurize light gas oil (lgo), using a transposon-transposase complex. as a result, two recombinant strains, named mc0203 and mc0122, were isolated. resting cells of strain mc0203 decreased the sulfur concentration of lgo from 120 mg l(-1) to 70 mg l(-1) in 2 h. the lgo-desulfurization activity of strain mc0203 was about twice that of strain mc0122 and ...	2003	14514056
scale-down studies on the hydrodynamics of two-liquid phase biocatalytic reactors.	the maintenance of constant interfacial area per unit volume is a key parameter for the successful scale-up of two-liquid phase bioconversion processes. to date, however, there is little published information on the hydrodynamics of such systems and a suitable basis for scale-up has yet to be defined and verified. here we report power input and hydrodynamic data for a whole-cell bioconversion process using resting cells of rhodococcus r312 to catalyse the hydration of a poorly water-soluble subs ...	2002	14508672
deletion of vapa encoding virulence associated protein a attenuates the intracellular actinomycete rhodococcus equi.	virulent strains of the facultative intracellular bacterium rhodococcus equi isolated from young horses (foals) with r. equi pneumonia, carry an 80-90 kb virulence plasmid and express a highly immunogenic 15-17 kda protein of unknown function called vapa (virulence associated protein a). recent sequencing of the virulence plasmid identified a putative pathogenicity island encoding a novel family of seven vap proteins including vapa. these proteins exhibit a significant sequence similarity to eac ...	2003	14507368
post-translational modification of rhodococcus r312 and comamonas ni1 nitrile hydratases.	nitrile hydratases (nhases) are industrially significant iron- and cobalt-containing enzymes used in the large-scale synthesis of acrylamide. previous reports have shown that the active site peptides of nhases are post-translationally modified by oxidation of cysteine residues, and that these modifications are essential for catalysis. we report mass spectrometric evidence of the oxidation states of the active site cysteines in the iron coordination spheres of two iron-containing nitrile hydratas ...	2003	14505323
biological waste gas treatment with a modified rotating biological contactor. ii. effect of operating parameters on process performance and mathematical modeling.	in the first part of this paper, we introduced a modified rotating biological contactor (rbc) for the biological treatment of waste gas, and demonstrated its feasibility by applying the process to the biodegradation of toluene in a 91-liter reactor containing 20 biofilm support discs with a diameter of 40 cm [1]. we showed that the proposed system allows the unlimited growth of the biofilm to be suppressed, hence eliminating the risk of clogging associated with other biological waste gas treatme ...	2003	14505166
rhodococcus tukisamuensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.	a novel strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, mesophilic bacterium, strain mb8(t), was isolated from soil in sapporo city, hokkaido, japan. the g+c content of strain mb8(t) was 66.0 mol%. it had mycolic acids with 44-52 carbon atoms and c16 : 0 and c18 : 1 (9) as the major fatty acids. the major isoprenoid quinone was mk-8(h(2)). the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose. 16s rdna, chemotaxonomic and morphological data indicated that this strain clearly belonged to the ...	2003	13130015
a novel inhibitor for fe-type nitrile hydratase: 2-cyano-2-propyl hydroperoxide.	nitrile hydratase (nhase) is a non-heme iron or non-corrin cobalt enzyme having two post-translationally modified ligand residues, cysteine-sulfinic acid (alphacys112-so(2)h) and -sulfenic acid (alphacys114-soh). we studied the interaction between fe-type nhase and isobutyronitrile (iso-bn) which had been reported as a competitive inhibitor with a k(i) value of 5 microm. from detailed kinetic studies of the inhibitory effect of iso-bn on fe-type nhase, we found that authentic iso-bn was hydrated ...	2003	13129355
residue 345 of dibenzothiophene (dbt) sulfone monooxygenase is involved in c-s bond cleavage specificity of alkylated dbt sulfones.	rhodococcus erythropolis igts8 that possesses dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase mutated at residue 345 (q345a), can degrade octyl sulfide on which the wild strain cannot grow. residue 345 and the neighbouring residues were changed by site-directed mutagenesis. only dsza changed at residue 345 gave an altered c-s bond cleavage pattern of 3-methyl dbt sulfone. this residue is therefore involved in c-s bond cleavage specifically for alkylated dbt sulfone.	2003	12967013
recombinant pseudomonas putida carrying both the dsz and hcu genes can desulfurize dibenzothiophene in n-tetradecane.	pseudomonas putida ifo13696, a recombinant strain with dsz desulfurization genes, desulfurized dibenzothiophene (dbt) in water but not in n-tetradecane. by introducing into this recombinant strain the hcuabc genes that take part in the uptake of dbt in the oil phase into the cell, 82% of 1 mm dbt in n-tetradecane was degraded in 24 h by resting cells. the products of hcuabc genes thus acted in the uptake of dbt in n-tetradecane into the cells and were effective in desulfurization of dbt in the h ...	2003	12967002
surviving the acid test: responses of gram-positive bacteria to low ph.	gram-positive bacteria possess a myriad of acid resistance systems that can help them to overcome the challenge posed by different acidic environments. in this review the most common mechanisms are described: i.e., the use of proton pumps, the protection or repair of macromolecules, cell membrane changes, production of alkali, induction of pathways by transcriptional regulators, alteration of metabolism, and the role of cell density and cell signaling. we also discuss the responses of listeria m ...	2003	12966143
virulence of rhodococcus equi isolated from cats and dogs.	nine cat isolates and nine dog isolates of rhodococcus equi from clinical material were investigated for the presence of the virulence-associated antigens (vapa and vapb) and virulence plasmids. five of the cat isolates and one dog isolate were vapa positive and contained an 85-kb type i or an 87-kb type i plasmid. the remaining 12 isolates were avirulent r. equi strains and contained no virulence plasmids.	2003	12958297
conversion of 2-fluoromuconate to cis-dienelactone by purified enzymes of rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the present study describes the (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the conversion of 3-halocatechols to lactones by purified chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (clca2), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (clcb2), and chloromuconolactone dehalogenase (clcf) from rhodococcus opacus 1cp grown on 2-chlorophenol. the 3-halocatechol substrates were produced from the corresponding 2-halophenols by either phenol hydroxylase from trichosporon cutaneum or 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-mono-oxygenase from pseudomon ...	2003	12957954
catalytic mechanism of the maloalkane dehalogenase linb from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26.	haloalkane dehalogenases are bacterial enzymes capable of carbon-halogen bond cleavage in halogenated compounds. to obtain insights into the mechanism of the haloalkane dehalogenase from sphingomonas paucimobilis ut26 (linb), we studied the steady-state and presteady-state kinetics of the conversion of the substrates 1-chlorohexane, chlorocyclohexane, and bromocyclohexane. the results lead to a proposal of a minimal kinetic mechanism consisting of three main steps: (i) substrate binding, (ii) cl ...	2003	12952988
cardiac tamponade in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease.	the characteristics of cardiac tamponade in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease were examined by evaluating the cases, case series, and related articles, including autopsy series, identified through a comprehensive literature search. one-hundred eighty-five cases of cardiac tamponade have been reported in patients with hiv disease. sex data were available in 176 patients, of whom 154 (87%) were males. the mean age was 34.7 +/- 10.4 years (range, 11 months to 61 years). mean ...	2003	12934767
effect of starvation on resuscitation and the surface characteristics of bacteria.	resuscitation behavior of bacteria after starvation for carbon and nitrogen was investigated. in addition effect of carbon and nitrogen starvation conditions on the surface characteristics and adhesive properties of bacteria were studied. two pure culture herbicide degrading bacteria were used in the study: pseudomonas sp. strain a, and rhodococcus corallinus strain 11. these bacteria are known to degrade cyanuric acid which is a derivative of s-triazine, a common herbicide used widely. selected ...	2003	12929805