Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
sequence variation and differential splicing of the midgut cadherin gene in trichoplusia ni.the insect midgut cadherin serves as an important receptor for the cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). variation of the cadherin in insect populations provides a genetic potential for development of cadherin-based bt resistance in insect populations. sequence analysis of the cadherin from the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, together with cadherins from 18 other lepidopterans showed a similar phylogenetic relationship of the cadherins to the phylogeny of lepidoptera. the midgut cadherin ...201323743444
characterization of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 class proteins in relation to their insecticidal action.thirty nine bt cry1 subgroup protein sequences were retrieved from ncbi and analyzed for physicochemical properties, active site and relationship in relation to their variations in toxicity. cry1 proteins were found to be hydrophilic and stable. sosui server predicted presence of two transmembrane regions in ag and a single transmembrane region from aa to ae. emboss pepwheel tool analysis of the transmembrane regions showed that there were 23 highly conserved residues towards the n terminal whic ...201323740394
the red flour beetle as a model for bacterial oral infections.experimental infection systems are important for studying antagonistic interactions and coevolution between hosts and their pathogens. the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum and the spore-forming bacterial insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used and tractable model organisms. however, they have not been employed yet as an efficient experimental system to study host-pathogen interactions. we used a high throughput oral infection protocol to infect t. castaneum insects with c ...201323737991
optimization of photobioreactor growth conditions for a cyanobacterium expressing mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins.an anabaena strain (pcc 7120#11) that was genetically engineered to express bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry genes has shown good larvicidal activity against anopheles arabiensis, a major vector of malaria in africa. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the relationship between key growth factors and the volumetric productivity of pcc 7120#11 in an indoor, flat-plate photobioreactor. the interaction of input co₂ concentration and airflow rate had a statistically signifi ...201323732832
developmental regulation and antifungal activity of a growth-blocking peptide from the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua.insect cytokine growth-blocking peptides (gbps) are involved in growth regulation and the innate immune response. however, the microbial binding and antimicrobial activities of gbps remain unclear. here, we investigate the developmental role and antifungal activity of a gbp from the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (segbp). sequence analysis predicted that mature segbp consists of 24 amino acid residues, including 2 cysteine residues. during s. exigua development, segbp is constitutively expresse ...201323732405
computational modeling deduced three dimensional structure of cry1ab16 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis ac11.the first theoretical structural model of newly reported cry1ab16 δ-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ac11 was predicted using homology modeling technique. cry1ab16 resembles the cry1aa protein structure by sharing a common three domains structure responsible in pore forming and specificity determination along with few structural deviations. the main differences between the two is in the length of loops, absence of α7b, α9a, α10b, α11a and presence of additional β12b, α13 components w ...201123729892
molecular characterization of chitinase genes from a local isolate of serratia marcescens and their contribution to the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains.the chitinase b (chib) and c (chic) genes and flanking regions from a local isolate of serratia marcescens were cloned individually and sequenced. results showed that these chib and chic genes have a 96 % maximum similarity with chib and chic from different s. marcescens species (genbank numbers z36295.1 and aj630582.1, respectively). the amplified chib fragment, including some upstream and downstream regions, is 1,689-bp long with an open reading frame of 1,500 bp. the amplified fragment of chi ...201323728785
efficiency and midgut histopathological effect of the newly isolated bacillus thuringiensis ks δ-endotoxins on the emergent pest tuta absoluta.tuta absoluta (povolny, 1994) is a devastating moth to the solanaceae plants. it is a challenging pest to control, especially on tomatoes. in this work, we studied the entomopathogenic activity of the cry-forming δ-endotoxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain ks and b. thuringiensis kurstaki reference strain hd1 against t. absoluta. these strains carried the cry2, cry1ab, cry1aa / cry1ac, and cry1i genes, and ks also carried a cry1c gene. the δ-endotoxins of ks were approximately twofold ...201323727813
intermolecular interaction between cry2aa and cyt1aa and its effect on larvicidal activity against culex quinquefasciatus.the cyt1aa protein of bacillus thuringiensis susbp. israelensis elaborates demonstrable toxicity to mosquito larvae, but more importantly, it enhances the larvicidal activity of this species cry proteins (cry11aa, cry4aa, and cry4ba) and delays the phenotypic expression of resistance to these that has evolved in culex quinquefasciatus. it is also known that cyt1aa, which is highly lipophilic, synergizes cry11aa by functioning as a surrogate membrane-bound receptor for the latter protein. little ...201323727800
characterization of three antifungal calcite-forming bacteria, arthrobacter nicotianae knuc2100, bacillus thuringiensis knuc2103, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia knuc2106, derived from the korean islands, dokdo and their application on mortar.crack remediation on the surface of cement mortar using microbiological calcium carbonate (caco3) precipitation (micp) has been investigated as a microbial sealing agent on construction materials. however, micp research has never acknowledged the antifungal properties of calcite-forming bacteria (cfb). since fungal colonization on concrete surfaces can trigger biodeterioration processes, fungi on concrete buildings have to be prevented. therefore, to develop a microbial sealing agent that has an ...201323727794
mega-nano detection of foodborne pathogens and transgenes using molecular beacon and semiconductor quantum dot technologies.signature molecules derived from listeria monocytogenes, bacillus thuringiensis, and salmonella typhimurium were detected directly on food substrates (mega) by coupling molecular beacon technology utilizing fluorescent resonance energy transfer (fret), luminescent nanoscale semiconductor quantum dots, and nanoscale quenchers. we designed target dna sequences for detecting hlya, bt cry1ac, and inva genes from l. monocytogenes, b. thuringiensis and salmonella typhimurium, respectively, and prepare ...201323722479
use of a pooled clone method to isolate a novel bacillus thuringiensis cry2a toxin with activity against ostrinia furnacalis.a pooled clone method was developed to screen for cry2a genes. this metagenomic method avoids the need to analyse isolated bacillus thuringiensis strains by performing gene specific pcr on plasmid-enriched dna prepared from a pooled soil sample. using this approach the novel holotype gene cry2ah1 was cloned and characterized. the toxin gene was over-expressed in escherichia coli rosetta (de3) and the expressed toxin accumulated in both the soluble and insoluble fractions. the soluble cry2ah1 was ...201323711413
sustainable control of mosquito larvae in the field by the combined actions of the biological insecticide bti and natural competitors.integrated management of mosquitoes is becoming increasingly important, particularly in relation to avoiding recolonization of ponds after larvicide treatment. we conducted for the first time field experiments that involved exposing natural populations of the mosquito species culex pipiens to: a) application of the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), b) the introduction of natural competitors (a crustacean community composed mainly of daphnia spp.), or c) a combined ...201323701611
digestive enzyme as benchmark for insecticide resistance development in culex pipiens larvae to chemical and bacteriologic insecticides.this work monitored changes in some digestive enzymes (trypsin and aminopeptidase) associated with the building up of resistance in cx. pipiens larvae to two chemical insecticides (methomyl and/or malathion) and one biological insecticide (bacillus thuringiensis-h14 or b.t h 14). the lc50 value of methomyl for both field- and the 12th generation (f12) of the selected strain was 1.789 ppm and 8.925 ppm respectively. the lc50 value of malathion for both field and the f12 of the selected strain was ...201323697030
decontamination of materials contaminated with bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam spores using pes-solid, a solid source of peracetic acid.to develop test methods and evaluate survival of bacillus anthracis ames, b. anthracis ∆sterne and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to pes-solid (a solid source of peracetic acid), including pes-solid formulations with bacteriostatic surfactants.201323692445
functional screening of metagenome and genome libraries for detection of novel flavonoid-modifying enzymes.the functional detection of novel enzymes other than hydrolases from metagenomes is limited since only a very few reliable screening procedures are available that allow the rapid screening of large clone libraries. for the discovery of flavonoid-modifying enzymes in genome and metagenome clone libraries, we have developed a new screening system based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc). this metagenome extract thin-layer chromatography analysis (meta) allows the rapid detection ...201323686272
differential role of manduca sexta aminopeptidase-n and alkaline phosphatase in the mode of action of cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac toxins from bacillus thuringiensis.aminopeptidase-n (apn1) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) proteins located in the midgut epithelium of manduca sexta have been implicated as receptors for cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. in this study, we analyzed the roles of alp and apn1 in the toxicity of these three cry1a proteins. ligand blot analysis using brush border membrane vesicles of m. sexta showed that cry1aa and cry1ab bind preferentially to alp during early instars ...201323686267
[transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis by sigmak and gere].to identify the transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis.201323678570
decolorization of dyehouse effluent and biodegradation of congo red by bacillus thuringiensis run1.a dye-decolorizing bacterium was isolated from a soil sample and identified as bacillus thuringiensis using 16s rrna sequencing. the bacterium was able to decolorize three different textile dyes, namely, reactive blue 13, reactive red 58, and reactive yellow 42, and a real dyehouse effluent up to 80-95% within 6 h. some non-textile industrially important dyes were also decolorized to different extents. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis of t ...201323676913
high-throughput identification of promoters and screening of highly active promoter-5'-utr dna region with different characteristics from bacillus thuringiensis.in bacteria, both promoters and 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utrs) of mrnas play vital regulatory roles in gene expression. in this study, we identified 1203 active promoter candidates in bacillus thuringiensis through analysis of the genome-wide tsss based on the transcriptome data. there were 11 types of σ-factor and 34 types of transcription factor binding sites found in 723 and 1097 active promoter candidates, respectively. moreover, within the 1203 transcriptional units (tus), most (52%) of ...201323675447
bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin employs two receptor-binding loops for synergistic interactions with cyt2aa2.we previously demonstrated that co-expression in escherichia coli of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. israelensis cry4ba and bt subsp. darmstadiensis cyt2aa2 shows high synergistic toxicity against target mosquito larvae. here, further insights into synergistic interactions between these two toxins were revealed through bioactivity restoration of particular inactive cry4ba-mutant toxins altered within the receptor-binding domain. specific mutations at β2-β3 (y332a) or β4-β5 (f364a) loops, but ...201323665023
[crystal formation peculiarities in pigmented cultures of bacillus thuringiensis].a direct correlation has been established between pink-colored pigmentation and the production of insecticide crystals (toxins) for some bacillus thuringiensis (bt) pigmented cultures. this regularity was for the first time determined by us for bt strains ofthe h3, h10, and h16 serotype. pigment-free clones of these serotypes do not produce crystals. a correlation was not observed in the case of h14 serotype strains with oval inclusions. the revealed correlation makes it possible to distinguish ...201323662449
transcriptome of the lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larval midgut in response to infection by bacillus thuringiensis.transcriptomic profiles of the serious lepidopteran insect pest lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) were characterized in the larval midgut in response to infection by bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, a biopesticide commonly used for its control. rna-seq approaches were used to define a set of 49,613 assembled transcript sequences, of which 838, 1,248 and 3,305 were respectively partitioned into high-, mid- and low-quality tiers on the basis of homology information. digital gene expression profiles su ...201323658687
aphicidal efficacy of scorpion- and spider-derived neurotoxins.insect-specific neurotoxins that act within the insect hemocoel (body cavity) represent an untapped resource for insect pest management. on the basis of recent advances made in development of appropriate delivery systems for transport of these toxins from the insect gut, across the gut epithelium to their target site, we screened neurotoxins derived from scorpion or spider venom for efficacy against the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, and the green peach aphid, myzus persicae. toxins were select ...201323651761
retargeting of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cyt2aa against hemipteran insect pests.although transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have been used successfully for management of lepidopteran and coleopteran pest species, the sap-sucking insects (hemiptera) are not particularly susceptible to bt toxins. to overcome this limitation, we demonstrate that addition of a short peptide sequence selected for binding to the gut of the targeted pest species serves to increase toxicity against said pest. insertion of a 12-aa pea aphid gut-binding peptide by adding t ...201323650347
sodium solute symporter and cadherin proteins act as bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxin functional receptors in tribolium castaneum.understanding how bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins interact with proteins in the midgut of susceptible coleopteran insects is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of bt specificity and insecticidal action. in this work, aminopeptidase n (tcapn-i), e-cadherin (tccad1), and sodium solute symporter (tcsss) have been identified by ligand blot as putative cry3ba toxin-binding proteins in tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae. rna interference knockdown of tccad1 or tcsss proteins resulted in decr ...201323645668
existence of lysogenic bacteriophages in bacillus thuringiensis type strains.we screened the existence of bacteriophages in 67 bacillus thuringiensis type strains by phage dna extraction and pcr using phage terminase small subunit (ters)-specific primers to the supernatants and the precipitated pellets of bt cultures, and by transmission electron microscopy. the various bacteriophages were observed from the supernatants of 22 type strains. ten type strains showed the extracted phage dnas and the amplified fragment by ters pcr but 12 type strains showed only the phage dna ...201323632013
two's a crowd: phenotypic adjustments and prophylaxis in anticarsia gemmatalis larvae are triggered by the presence of conspecifics.defence from parasites and pathogens involves a cost. thus, it is expected that organisms use this only at high population densities, where the risk of pathogen transmission may be high, as proposed by the "density-dependent prophylaxis" (ddp) hypothesis. these predictions have been tested in a wide range of insects, both in comparative and experimental studies. we think it pertinent to consider a continuum between solitarious and gregarious living insects, wherein: (1) solitarious insects are t ...201323626700
field evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in bacillus thuringiensis toxin-expressing (bt) and non-bt maize.the cultivation of genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis toxin-expressing (bt) maize continues to increase worldwide, yet the effects of bt crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in soil are poorly understood. in this field experiment, we investigated the impact of seven different genotypes of bt maize and five corresponding non-bt parental cultivars on amf and evaluated plant growth responses at three different physiological time points. plants were harvested 60 days (active growth ...201323624473
chloroplast-targeted expression of the codon-optimized truncated cry1ah gene in transgenic tobacco confers a high level of protection against insects.the study of insect-resistant transgenic tobacco provides a good foundation for the further application of the cry1ah gene in other important crops. to improve transgene expression levels and insect resistance, the coding sequence of the novel bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal gene cry1ah (truncated cry1ah) was modified according to the codon bias of the plant by increasing its gc content from the original 37 % to 48, 55, and 63 % (designated m1-cry1ah, m2-cry1ah, and m3-cry1ah, respectively). ...201323620344
microbial degradation of fipronil by bacillus thuringiensis.fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole insecticide has been found to be effective for the control of various insect pests. due to its higher persistence in soil bioremediation is a promising approach to degrade the pesticide from soil. isolation and identification of soil microbes was conducted for bioremediation of fipronil contaminated soils. soil samples collected from different sugarcane growing fields in gurdaspur district with extensive use of pesticide history served as a source of pesticide degradi ...201323618775
quantitative genetic analysis of cry1ab tolerance in ostrinia nubilalis spanish populations.tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin in spanish ostrinia nubilalis populations was analyzed by quantitative genetic techniques, using isolines established from field-derived insects. f1 offspring was tested for susceptibility to trypsin activated cry1ab using a concentration that caused a mean larval mortality of 87% (±17% sd). the progeny of the most tolerant isolines (that had shown mortalities lower than 60%) was crossed to obtain the f2 generation that was exposed to the same cry ...201323612057
expression of mosquito-larvicidal toxin genes under the control of a native promoter in enterobacter amnigenus an11.enterobacter amnigenus an11, that can colonize the gut of mosquito larva, is an alternative toxin-producing host to be used as a mosquito control since it is able to float in the feeding zone of mosquito larvae. to produce mosquito-larvicidal toxins in this bacterium, a native promoter has been identified from its genomic dna. the promoter exhibited consensus sequences for -35 and -10 regions of bacterial promoters and constitutively drove the expression of gfp. this promoter was inserted into r ...201323609231
highly efficient enzymatic preparation of c-di-amp using the diadenylate cyclase disa from bacillus thuringiensis.cyclic 3',5'-diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) is a newly recognized bacterial nucleotide second messenger molecule. in addition, it has been shown to be a potential vaccine adjuvant. although multiple methods are available for c-di-amp synthesis, the yields are low and the purification procedures are laborious. here, we report an enzymatic method for more efficient and economical c-di-amp synthesis using a diadenylate cyclase disa from bacillus thuringiensis bmb 171 (btdisa). after overexpre ...201323608499
use of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as a viable option in an integrated malaria vector control programme in the kumasi metropolis, ghana.integrated vector control (ivc) remains the approach for managing the malaria-causing vector. the study investigated the contribution of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) in the control of malaria by targeting the larvae and also mapped and documented major breeding sites in the kumasi metropolis, ghana.201323607376
transcriptional regulation and characteristics of a novel n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase gene involved in bacillus thuringiensis mother cell lysis.in bacillus thuringiensis, a novel n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase gene (named cwlb) was detected, and the cwlb protein was purified and characterized. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) results indicated that cwlb and an upstream gene (named cwla) formed one transcriptional unit. 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (5'-race)-pcr and transcriptional fusions with the lacz gene indicated that transcription of the operon was directed by a promoter, p(cwla), which is located upstream from the cwl ...201323603740
resistance to bt maize in mythimna unipuncta (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is mediated by alteration in cry1ab protein activation.bt maize cultivars based on the event mon810 (expressing cry1ab) have shown high efficacy for controlling corn borers. however, their efficiency for controlling some secondary lepidopteran pests such as mythimna unipuncta has been questioned, raising concerns about potential outbreaks and its economic consequences. we have selected a resistant strain (mr) of m. unipuncta, which is capable of completing its life cycle on bt maize and displays a similar performance when feeding on both bt and non- ...201323603093
tribolium castaneum apolipophorin-iii acts as an immune response protein against bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxic activity.in this study, a 2.1-fold apolipophorin-iii mrna up-regulation was found in tribolium castaneum larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba spore-crystal mixture. knockdown of apolipophorin-iii by rnai resulted in increased t. castaneum larvae susceptibility following cry3ba spore-crystal treatment, demonstrating apolipophorin-iii involvement in insect defense against b. thuringiensis. we showed that apolipophorin-iii participates in t. castaneum immune response to b. thuringiensis acti ...201323602900
iron regulates bacillus thuringiensis haemolysin hlyii gene expression during insect infection.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a spore-forming entomopathogen broadly used in agriculture crop. the haemolysin hlyii is an important bt virulence factor responsible for insect death. in this work, we focused on the regulation of the hlyii gene throughout the bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo during insect infection. we show that hlyii regulation depends on the global regulator fur. this regulation occurs independently of hlyiir, the other known regulator of hlyii gene expression. moreover, w ...201323598183
identification of tet45, a tetracycline efflux pump, from a poultry-litter-exposed soil isolate and persistence of tet(45) in the soil.to characterize a tetracycline resistance (tc(r)) determinant, closely related to the tetl efflux pump, in a bhargavaea cecembensis strain previously isolated from a poultry-litter-impacted soil.201323595824
role of upr pathway in defense response of aedes aegypti against cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.the insecticidal cry toxins are pore-forming toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis that disrupt insect-midgut cells. cells can trigger different survival mechanisms to counteract the effects of sub-lytic doses of pore forming toxins. particularly, two signaling pathways have been demonstrated to play a role in the defense mechanism to other toxins in caenorhabditis elegans and in mammalian cells. these are the unfolded protein response (upr) and the sterol regulatory element bin ...201323594997
production of the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with deltamethrin increases toxicity towards mosquito larvae.bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is a bioinsecticide used for larval mosquito control and it represents a safe alternative to chemical insecticides. despite its environmental safety, it is less efficient and persistent than chemical insecticides. to bypass these limitations, we propose to combine the advantages of chemical and biological insecticides by producing bti in a medium supplemented with a chemical insecticide (ddt, deltamethrin, permethrin, propoxur or temephos). among the inv ...201323594143
toxicity studies for indigenous bacillus thuringiensis isolates from malang city, east java on aedes aegypti larvae.to investigate the toxicity of indigenous bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis)isolates from malang city for controlling aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) larvae.023593589
spaceflight-induced enhancement of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production by a mixed culture of ketogulonigenium vulgare and bacillus thuringiensis.two bacterial strains used for industrial production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-klg), ketogulonigenium vulgare 2 and bacillus thuringiensis 1514, were loaded onto the spacecraft shenzhou vii and exposed to space conditions for 68 h in an attempt to increase their fermentation productivities of 2-klg. an optimal combination of mutants b. thuringiensis 320 and k. vulgare 2194 (kb2194-320) was identified by systematically screening the ph and 2-klg production of 16 000 colonies. compared with the ...201323581457
in silico cloning and annotation of genes involved in the digestion, detoxification and rna interference mechanism in the midgut of bactrocera dorsalis [hendel (diptera: tephritidae)].as the second largest organ in insects, the insect midgut is the major tissue involved in the digestion of food and detoxification of xenobiotics, such as insecticides, and the first barrier and target for oral rna interference (rnai). in this study, we performed a midgut-specific transcriptome analysis in the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis, an economically important worldwide pest, with many populations showing high levels of insecticide resistance. using high-throughput sequencing, 52 ...201323577657
residual effects of tmof-bti formulations against 1(st) instar aedes aegypti linnaeus larvae outside laboratory.to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effects of trypsin modulating oostatic factor-bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (tmof-bti) formulations against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) (l.) larvae at ukm campus kuala lumpur.201223569922
genetically modified crops: detection strategies and biosafety issues.genetically modified (gm) crops are increasingly gaining acceptance but concurrently consumers' concerns are also increasing. the introduction of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes into the plants has raised issues related to its risk assessment and biosafety. the international regulations and the codex guidelines regulate the biosafety requirements of the gm crops. in addition, these bodies synergize and harmonize the ethical issues related to the release and use of gm products. the labeling of ...201323566850
differentiation of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis on the basis of the csab gene reflects host source.csab gene analysis clustered 198 strains of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis into two groups related to mammalian and insect hosts, respectively. mammal-related group i strains also have more s-layer homology (slh) protein genes than group ii strains. this indicates that csab-based differentiation reflects selective pressure from animal hosts.201323563945
genetic diversity of bacillus thuringiensis from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine by analyzing the 16s rrna and gyrb genes and by ap-pcr and saaflp.the bacillus cereus group consists of closely related species of bacteria and is of interest to researchers due to its importance in industry and medicine. however, it remains difficult to distinguish these bacteria at the intra- and inter-species level. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a member of the b. cereus group. in this work, we studied the inter-species structure of five entomopathogenic strains and 20 isolates of bt, which were collected from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine, u ...201323556134
activity of bacillus thuringiensis cyt1ba crystal protein against hymenopteran forest pests.a crystal-spore suspension of ps201t6 was toxic to larvae of diprion similis (hymenoptera: diprionidae). toxicity was at least in part attributable to the cyt1ba crystal protein, as demonstrated by bioassays of solubilized protein produced by escherichia coli expressing ps201t6's cyt1ba gene. ps201t6 reduced survival and growth of d. similis in a 2-week field experiment. in laboratory bioassays, both toxin and parental strain affected acantholyda erythrocephala (pamphiliidae), pikonema alaskensi ...201323545068
bt crops producing cry1ac, cry2ab and cry1f do not harm the green lacewing, chrysoperla rufilabris.the biological control function provided by natural enemies is regarded as a protection goal that should not be harmed by the application of any new pest management tool. plants producing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling pest lepidoptera on cotton and maize and risk assessment studies are needed to ensure they do not harm important natural enemies. however, using cry protein susceptible hosts as prey often compromises such s ...201323544126
identification of a bacillus thuringiensis cry8da toxin-binding glucosidase from the adult japanese beetle, popillia japonica.cry8da from bacillus thuringiensis galleriae sds-502 has insecticidal activity against both the larvae and adult japanese beetle (popillia japonica newman). the receptor determines the specificity of the insecticidal activity of cry proteins and hence, in order to reveal the mode of action of cry toxin, receptor identification is a necessary step. however, a receptor for cry8-type toxin has not been identified in the scarabaeidae family of insects. therefore, we aimed to identify the receptor of ...201323541518
cloning and characterization of a novel cry8ab1 gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain b-jjx with specific toxicity to scarabaeid (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) larvae.isolation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strain or its cry gene encoding insecticidal crystal protein (icp) with specific toxicity is of great importance to biological control of insect pests. in this study, by screening 66 strains of bt isolated from soil samples collected in shandong province, china, a new cry8-type gene from bt strain b-jjx was identified via pcr-rflp method. this novel gene, cry8ab1, was cloned from the bt strain b-jjx and expressed in an acrystalliferous mutant strain hd-73 ...201323541365
effect of stacked insecticidal cry proteins from maize pollen on nurse bees (apis mellifera carnica) and their gut bacteria.honey bee pollination is a key ecosystem service to nature and agriculture. however, biosafety research on genetically modified crops rarely considers effects on nurse bees from intact colonies, even though they receive and primarily process the largest amount of pollen. the objective of this study was to analyze the response of nurse bees and their gut bacteria to pollen from bt maize expressing three different insecticidal cry proteins (cry1a.105, cry2ab2, and cry3bb1). naturally cry proteins ...201323533634
potential shortfall of pyramided transgenic cotton for insect resistance management.to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), the "pyramid" strategy uses plants that produce two or more toxins that kill the same pest. in the united states, this strategy has been adopted widely, with two-toxin bt cotton replacing one-toxin bt cotton. although two-toxin plants are likely to be more durable than one-toxin plants, the extent of this advantage depends on several conditions. one key assumption favoring ...201323530245
isoleucine at position 150 of cyt2aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis plays an important role during membrane binding and oligomerization.cyt2aa2 is a mosquito larvicidal and cytolytic toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. the toxin becomes inactive when isoleucine at position 150 was replaced by alanine. to investigate the functional role of this position, ile150 was substituted with leu, phe, glu and lys. all mutant proteins were produced at high level, solubilized in carbonate buffer and yielded protease activated product similar to those of the wild type. intrinsic fluorescence spectra analysis sugges ...023527862
bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) for the control of dengue vectors: systematic literature review.to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), when used as a single agent in the field, for the control of dengue vectors.201323527785
identification and characterization of three previously undescribed crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan.the total protoxin complement in the parasporal body of mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan 367, was determined by use of a polyacrylamide gel block coupled to mass spectrometry. a total of eight protoxins were identified from this strain, including five reported protoxins (cry11ba, cry19aa, cry24aa, cry25aa, and cyt2bb), as well as three previously undescribed (cry30ca, cry60aa, and cry60ba) in this isolate. it was interesting that the encoding genes of three new prot ...201323524673
diversity of thermal ecotypes and potential pathotypes of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates.ecological diversification of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates was examined to determine whether bacteria adapted to grow at low temperature and/or potentially pathogenic correspond to genetically distinct lineages. altogether, nine phylogenetic lineages were found among bacilli originating from north-eastern poland (n = 24) and lithuania (n = 25) using multi-locus sequence typing. this clustering was chiefly confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. one third of the bacilli were found ...201323521504
draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain dar 81934, which exhibits molluscicidal activity.bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used as a biopesticide for a long time. its molluscicidal activity, however, is rarely realized. here, we report the genome sequence of b. thuringiensis strain dar 81934, a strain with molluscicidal activity against the pest snail cernuella virgata.201323516227
complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056, an isolate highly toxic to trichoplusia ni.the genome sequence of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056 was determined. the chromosome is composed of 5,491,935 bp. in addition, is5056 harbors 14 plasmids ranging from 6,880 to 328,151 bp, four of which contain nine insecticidal protein genes, cry1aa3, cry1ab21, cry1ba1, cry1ia14, cry2aa9, cry2ab1, vip1, vip2, and vip3aa10.201323516221
complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd73.bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive bacterium that produces intracellular protein crystals toxic to a wide variety of insect larvae. we report the complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd73 from the centre oilb (institut pasteur, france), which belongs to serotype 3ab and is toxic to lepidopteran larvae.201323516207
constructing bacillus thuringiensis strain that co-expresses cry2aa and chitinase.a triple recombineering technique was used with plasmid pht315 to produce phtec, a construct carrying chitinase and cry2aa genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 4.0718. transformation of wild-type b. thuringiensis strain hd73 and the acrystalliferous strain cry-b with phtec resulted in the recovery of recombinant strains that expressed cry2aa as cubic crystals in the cell pellet and soluble chitinase protein. the toxicity of hd73 (phtec) against helicoverpa armigera larvae increased ...201323515891
cation-π interactions as lipid-specific anchors for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c.amphitropic proteins, such as the virulence factor phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis , often depend on lipid-specific recognition of target membranes. however, the recognition mechanisms for zwitterionic lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, which is enriched in the outer leaflet of eukaryotic cells, are not well understood. a 500 ns long molecular dynamics simulation of pi-plc at the surface of a lipid bilayer revealed a strikingly high number of ...201323506313
efficient genetic transformation of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) and generation of insect-resistant transgenic plants expressing the cry1ac gene.agrobacterium -mediated transformation system for okra using embryos was devised and the transgenic bt plants showed resistance to the target pest, okra shoot, and fruit borer ( earias vittella ). okra is an important vegetable crop and progress in genetic improvement via genetic transformation has been impeded by its recalcitrant nature. in this paper, we describe a procedure using embryo explants for agrobacterium-mediated transformation and tissue culture-based plant regeneration for efficien ...201323504006
enhancement of heavy metal phytoremediation by alnus firma with endophytic bacillus thuringiensis gdb-1.phytoremediation shows potential for remediating mine tailing sites contaminated with heavy metals. our aim was to isolate, characterize, and assess the potential of endophytic bacteria to enhance growth and metal accumulation by the hyperaccumulator alnus firma. a bacterial strain isolated from roots of pinus sylvestris had the capacity to remove heavy metals from mine tailing and was identified as bacillus thuringiensis gdb-1 based on 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. gdb-1 exhibited plant growth- ...201323500429
pest trade-offs in technology: reduced damage by caterpillars in bt cotton benefits aphids.the rapid adoption of genetically engineered (ge) plants that express insecticidal cry proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has raised concerns about their potential impact on non-target organisms. this includes the possibility that non-target herbivores develop into pests. although studies have now reported increased populations of non-target herbivores in bt cotton, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. we propose that lack of herbivore-induced secondary metabolites ...201323486438
in vitro ovicidal and cestocidal effects of toxins from bacillus thuringiensis on the canine and human parasite dipylidium caninum.bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive soil-dwelling bacterium that is commonly used as a biological pesticide. this bacterium may also be used for biological control of helminth parasites in domestic animals. in this study, we evaluated the possible ovicidal and cestocidal effects of a total protein extract of b. thuringiensis native strains on the zoonotic cestode parasite of dogs, dipylidium caninum (d. caninum). dose and time response curves were determined by coincubating b. thuringiensi ...201223484087
bacterial chitin binding proteins show differential substrate binding and synergy with chitinases.glycosyl hydrolase (gh) family 18 chitinases (chi) and family 33 chitin binding proteins (cbps) from bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (btchi and btcbp), b. licheniformis dsm13 (blichi and blicbp) and serratia proteamaculans 568 (spchib and spcbp21) were used to study the efficiency and synergistic action of btchi, blichi and spchib individually with btcbp, blicbp or spcbp21. chitinase assay revealed that only btchi and spchib showed synergism in hydrolysis of chitin, while there was no in ...201323480960
a new enrichment method for isolation of bacillus thuringiensis from diverse sample types.new or more efficient methodologies having different principles are needed, as one method could not be suitable for isolation of organisms from samples of diverse types and from various environments. in present investigation, growth kinetics study revealed a higher germination rate, a higher growth rate, and maximum sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) compared to other bacillus species. considering these facts, a simple and efficient enrichment method was devised which allowed propagation ...201323468005
toxicity and affecting factors of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on chironomus kiiensis larvae.abstract bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) is a suitable agent for controlling chironomus kiiensis, a major pest polluting water. in this study, laboratory bioassays were used to study toxicity and affecting factors of bti on c. kiiensis larvae. tests were conducted using three commercial bti formulations (oil miscible suspension, 1,200 itu/ml; wettable power, 1,200 itu/mg; technical material, 5,000 itu/mg) of bti. the toxicity of bti formulations to third and fourth instar c. kiiens ...201223465075
probing the fractal pattern and organization of bacillus thuringiensis bacteria colonies growing under different conditions using quantitative spectral light scattering polarimetry.development of methods for quantification of cellular association and patterns in growing bacterial colony is of considerable current interest, not only to help understand multicellular behavior of a bacterial species but also to facilitate detection and identification of a bacterial species in a given space and under a given set of condition(s). we have explored quantitative spectral light scattering polarimetry for probing the morphological and structural changes taking place during colony for ...201323462968
occurrence and larval movement of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in seed mixes of non-bt and bt pyramid corn.larval movement of target pest populations among bt and non-bt plants is a major concern in the use of a seed mixture refuge strategy for bt resistance management. in this study, occurrence and larval movement of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), were evaluated in four planting patterns of non-bt and bt plants containing genuity® smartstax(tm) traits in 2009-2011. the four planting patterns were: (1) a pure stand of 27 bt plants; (2) one non-bt plant in the center, surrounded by 26 ...201323456950
expression of cry3a gene and its toxicity against asian gray weevil myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus marshall (coleoptera: curculionidae).coleopterans are the most damaging pests of many agricultural and forestry crops; there is an urgent need to develop effective biopesticides against these insects. enhancers of bt toxicity typify an opportunity to improve currently available commercial products into more effective control agents against diverse pests. a 1.9 kb dna fragment, pcr amplified from native isolates of bt using cry3a gene specific primers was cloned in expression vector pqe-80l and then used for transformation of escher ...201323456617
characterization of the chitinase gene in bacillus thuringiensis mexican isolates.the chitinase gene was molecularly characterized in five bacillus thuringiensis mexican isolates, mr10, mr11, mr21, mr33, and rn52. the proteins derived from these genes were tested for their chitinase activity using fluorogenic chitin derivatives. in order to verify if chitinase genes were functional, they were cloned, and enzymatic activity of recombinant chitinases was also tested. results indicated that enzymes exhibited endochitinase activity. the highest hydrolytic activity shown against t ...201323456349
characterization of cry9da4, cry9eb2, and cry9ee1 genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain t03b001.three cry9 genes, cry9da4, cry9eb2, and cry9ee1, were cloned from bacillus thuringiensis strain t03b001 using a high-resolution melting analysis method. all three cry9 genes were overexpressed in escherichia coli rosetta (de3), and the expressed products cry9eb2 and cry9ee1 were shown to be toxic to plutella xylostella and ostrinia furnacalis, but not to helicoverpa armigera or colaphellus bowringi. the bioassay of cry9eb2 and cry9ee1 against cry1ac-resistant p. xylostella strains indicated that ...201323455566
analysis of the bacterial diversity existing on animal hide and wool: development of a preliminary pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprint database for identifying isolates.twenty-one bacterial strains were isolated from imported cattle hide and rabbit wool using two types of media, nutrient broth, and nutrient broth with serum. the bacteria identified were brevibacillus laterosporus, leclercia adecarboxylata, peptococcus niger, bacillus circulans, raoultella ornithinolytica, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thermobacillus, bacillus choshinensis, bacillus sphaericus, acinetobacter haemolyticus, sphingomonas paucimobilis, bacillus thuringiensis, staphylo ...201223451394
risk assessment for helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) resistance on dual-gene versus single-gene corn.recent environmental protection agency (epa) decisions regarding resistance management in bt-cropping systems have prompted concern in some experts that dual-gene bt-corn (cryla.105 and cry2ab2 toxins) may result in more rapid selection for resistance in helicoverpa zea (boddie) than single-gene bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-corn (crylab toxin). the concern is that bt-toxin longevity could be significantly reduced with recent adoption of a natural refuge for dual-gene bt-cotton (crylac and cry2ab2 ...201323448055
investigating alternatives to traditional insecticides: effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi and bacillus thuringiensis against citrus thrips and avocado thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae).citrus thrips, scirtothrips citri (moulton) (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a plant-feeding pest most widely recognized for causing damage to citrus (citrus spp. l. [rutaceae]) and mango (mangifera indica l. [anacardiaceae]) fruits. this insect has recently broadened its known host range to become a significant pest of california grown blueberries. avocado thrips, scirtothrips. perseae nakahara (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a recent, invasive pest of california avocados, persea americana mill. (la ...201323448016
the effect of gamma sterilization on the insecticidal toxicity of engineered and conventional bacillus thuringiensis strains.this study evaluates the effect of gamma radiation on the spore activity, toxicity, and crystal structures of two engineered bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains, tnx and tny, and the reference bt strain hd-1. we attempted to identify dosages of cobalt-60 gamma radiation that would inactivate bt spores but not affect its toxicity. in the radiation dosage range of 10-15 kilogray, no viable spore formation and no significant reduction of the efficiency of bt against lepidopteran larvae were observe ...201323448012
extended genetic analysis of brazilian isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.multiple locus sequence typing (mlst) was undertaken to extend the genetic characterization of 29 isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis previously characterized in terms of presence/absence of sequences encoding virulence factors and via variable number tandem repeat (vntr). additional analysis involved polymerase chain reaction for the presence of sequences (be, cytk, ina, pag, lef, cya and cap), encoding putative virulence factors, not investigated in the earlier study. mlst a ...201323440117
the atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c member 2 in bombyx mori larvae is a functional receptor for cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis.bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide, and its cry toxin genes are essential transgenes for the generation of insect-resistant transgenic crops. recent reports have suggested that atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c2 (abcc2) proteins are implicated in cry intoxication, and that a single amino acid insertion results in high levels of resistance to cry1 toxins. however, there is currently no available direct evidence of functional interactions between abcc2 and cry t ...201323432933
[conduct of the oviposition of aedes aegypti (l.) in the presence of macrocyclops albidus (j.) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis under lab conditions].the behaviour of the oviposition of pregnant females of aedes aegypti in the presence of biological agents: macrocyclops albidus (copepoda: cyclopoidea) or bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) was evaluated under lab conditions. recipients containing 225 ml of dechlorinated water were placed for oviposition with three variants: water with copepods, water with bti, and water. the average of eggs layed in the recipients with copepods and bti were 1 227.9 and 1 200.8, respectively, a figur ...201323427425
[susceptibility of aedes aegypti (l.) strains from havana to a bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis].the integration of chemical and biological methods is one of the strategies for the vector control, due to the existing environmental problems and the concerns of the community as a result of the synthetic organic insecticide actions. the bacterium called bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in liquid formulation has been widely used in the vector control programs in several countries and has shown high efficacy at lab in cuba.201323424808
[influence of biotic factors on the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae)].bacillus thuringiensis h-14 has shown high efficacy on aedes aegypti larvae. but a number of factors could affect its effectiveness. knowing these factors is of vital importance for improving the application parameters in real conditions in order to guarantee the treatment's efficiency and to reduce environmental impact.201323424800
further research on the biological function of inclusion bodies of anomala cuprea entomopoxvirus, with special reference to the effect on the insecticidal activity of a bacillus thuringiensis formulation.entomopoxviruses (evs) form two types of inclusion body: spheroids, which contain virions, and spindles, which do not. the authors tested whether the spindles from a coleopteran ev, anomala cuprea ev (acev), enhanced the insecticidal activity of a commercial bacillus thuringiensis (bt) formulation and the susceptibility of scarabaeid pest species in japan to the virus's spheroids, to assess whether acev inclusion bodies are potential biological control agents for pest insects.201423424042
anti-fungi activities of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and immobilized chitinase particles and their effects to rice seedling defensive enzymes.the chitinase producing bacterium h3 strain was screened from nature with the selective medium and was identified as bacillus thuringiensis. the purpose of this investigation is to study the antifungi activity of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and its immobilized particles, and the effects on growth of rice seedlings and activities of defensive enzymes. the rice seedlings qualities and several defense enzymes activity were measured after rice seedlings were treated by free chitinase and imm ...201223421182
insecticidal activity of vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af from bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran corn pests.vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af proteins from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their toxicity against spodoptera frugiperda and agrotis ipsilon. vip3ad was non-toxic to the two species. vip3ae and vip3af were significantly more toxic than vip3aa against s. frugiperda, both as protoxins and as toxins. against a. ipsilon, vip3ae protoxin was more toxic than vip3aa and vip3af protoxins. purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography significantly affected vip3ae toxicity against the ...201323415860
comparative evaluation of phenoloxidase activity in different larval stages of four lepidopteran pests after exposure to bacillus thuringiensis.microbial entomopathogen-based bioinsecticides are recognized as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. insects defend themselves against microbial pathogens by innate mechanisms, including increased phenoloxidase (po) activity, but its relationship with microbial bioinsecticides efficacy is little known. this study evaluated the differences in po activity at different developmental stages of the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens fabricius (lepidoptera: noctuidae), indian meal moth plodia inter ...201223414117
bacillus weihenstephanensis characteristics are present in bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides strains.the bacillus cereus group comprises seven bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus cytotoxicus, and bacillus weihenstephanensis. bacillus weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its capability to grow at 7 °c but not at 43 °c, and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna and cspa genes and in several housekeeping genes: glpf, gmk, purh, and tpi. bacillus weihenstephanensis-specifi ...201323413955
purification and characterization of the bacteriocin thuricin bn1 produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bn1 isolated from a hazelnut pest.a novel bioactive molecule produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bn1 (bt-bn1), isolated from a common pest of hazelnut, balaninus nucum l. (coleoptera: curculionidae), was determined, purified, and characterized in this study. the bt-bn1 strain was investigated for antibacterial activity with an agar spot assay and well diffusion assay against b. cereus, b. weinhenstephenensis, l. monocytogenes, p. savastanoi, p. syringae, p. lemoignei, and many other b. thuringiensis strains. the p ...201323412058
the metabolic regulation of sporulation and parasporal crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis revealed by transcriptomics and proteomics.bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium used worldwide as an environmentally compatible biopesticide. during sporulation, b. thuringiensis accumulates a large number of parasporal crystals consisting of insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) that can account for nearly 20-30% of the cell's dry weight. however, the metabolic regulation mechanisms of icp synthesis remain to be elucidated. in this study, the combined efforts in transcriptomics and proteomics mainly uncovered ...201323408684
complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 cry-.bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen that has been used widely as a biopesticide. here, we report the genome sequence of strain 407 cry-, which is used to study the genetic determinants of pathogenicity. the genome consists of a 5.5-mb chromosome and nine plasmids, including a novel 502-kb megaplasmid.201323405326
complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage bmbtp2.bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen which has been widely used for biocontrol. during b. thuringiensis fermentation, lysogenic bacteriophages cause severe losses of yield. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a bacteriophage, bmbtp2, which is induced from b. thuringiensis strain ybt-1765, which may be helpful to clarify the mechanism involved in bacteriophage contamination.201323405296
utilization of silkworm litter and pupal waste-an eco-friendly approach for mass production of bacillus thuringiensis.the objective of the present study was to investigate the utilization of pupal waste and silkworm litter separately as production media for the mass cultivation of the potential biopesticide, bacillus thuringiensis (bt). bt is the most successful commercial biopesticide accounting for 90% of all biopesticides sold all over the world. biochemical analysis of the dry pupal waste revealed to be consisting of 4% carbohydrates, 44.9% proteins and 40% lipids. similarly the biochemical composition of d ...201323403062
asian corn borer (acb) and non-acb pests in gm corn (zea mays l.) in the philippines.the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis (guenée), has become the most damaging pest in corn in south-east asia. corn farmers in the philippines have incurred great yield losses in the past decades because of acb infestation. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and bt herbicide-tolerant (btht) corns have been developed to reduce borer attacks worldwide. this study assessed the extent of acb and non-acb pest infestations in both gm and non-gm corn in isabela province, the philippines. specific aim ...201323401215
high-level synthesis of endochitinase chia74 in escherichia coli k12 and its promising potential for use in biotechnology.in the present study, we expressed the chia74 gene of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli k12 and demonstrated that the active chia74 enzyme was produced at a high level in this strain. the chia74 enzymatic activity (in units per milliliter) was approximately 500 % greater in e. coli k12 when compared to that produced in e. coli dh5α. moreover, we showed that, when using our protocol, chia74 preparations obtained from recombinant e. coli k12 did not contain live bacteria, although transfo ...201323400505
a differentially displayed mrna related to resistance to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis of aedes albopictus selected in vitro-activated cyt1aa6.we compared the differential display of aedes albopictus cells, both resistant and susceptible to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), using differentially displayed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. we found 1 band about 200 base pairs long. after cloning and sequencing, the differentially expressed gene was similar to some partial messenger ribonucleic acid of ae. aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae, rather than ae. albopictus. this will be of some value ...201223393759
influence of oxalic and malic acids in chickpea leaf exudates on the biological activity of cryiac towards helicoverpa armigera.efforts are being made to express toxin genes from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in chickpea for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, helicoverpa armigera. however, there is an apprehension that acidic exudates in chickpea leaves may influence the protoxin-toxin conversion in the insect midgut, and thus, reduce the efficacy of bt toxins. therefore, we studied the influence of organic acids (oxalic acid and malic acid) present in the trichome exudates of chickpea on the biolog ...201323391855
long-term survival of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a field trial.long-term survival of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki dmu67r has been investigated in a field trial. an experimental cabbage plot was sprayed with dmu67r in 1993 and was allowed to lie fallow since then. the investigation reported here was carried out from 2001 to 2007 in a single square meter within the plot using a systematic randomized sampling approach. the bacterium survived at relative low densities in these 13 years after spraying. statistical analyses revealed that the overall den ...201323391227
Refresh
firstprev
...11121314151617181920...
nextlast
Displaying items 1401 - 1500 of 7316