Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| high case fatality cholera outbreak in western kenya, august 2010. | cholera is a disease caused by the bacterium vibrio cholera and has been an important public health problem since its first pandemic in 1817. kenya has had numerous outbreaks of cholera ever since it was first detected there during 1971. in august 2010 an outbreak of cholera occurred in kuria west district spreading to the neighboring migori district. we conducted an investigation in order to determine the magnitude of the problem and institute control measures. | 2013 | 24244795 |
| outbreak of mass sociogenic illness in a school feeding program in northwest bangladesh, 2010. | in 2010, an acute illness outbreak was reported in school students eating high-energy biscuits supplied by the school feeding programme in northwest bangladesh. we investigated this outbreak to describe the illness in terms of person, place and time, develop the timeline of events, and determine the cause and community perceptions regarding the outbreak. | 2013 | 24244685 |
| an improved method for surface immobilisation of rna: application to small non-coding rna-mrna pairing. | characterisation of rna and its intermolecular interactions is increasing in importance as the inventory of known rna functions continues to expand. rna-rna interactions are central to post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms in bacteria, and the interactions of bacterial small non-coding rnas (srnas) with their mrna targets are the subject of much current research. the technology of surface plasmon resonance (spr) is an attractive approach to studying these interactions since it is highl ... | 2013 | 24244437 |
| cholera toxin expression by el tor vibrio cholerae in shallow culture growth conditions. | vibrio cholerae o1 classical, el tor and o139 are the primary biotypes that cause epidemic cholera, and they also express cholera toxin (ct). although classical v. cholerae produces ct in various settings, the el tor and o139 strains require specific growth conditions for ct induction, such as the so-called aki conditions, which consist of growth in static conditions followed by growth under aerobic shaking conditions. however, our group has demonstrated that ct production may also take place in ... | 2014 | 24239941 |
| regulation of natural competence by the orphan two-component system sensor kinase chis involves a non-canonical transmembrane regulator in vibrio cholerae. | in vibrio cholerae, 41 chitin-inducible genes, including the genes involved in natural competence for dna uptake, are governed by the orphan two-component system (tcs) sensor kinase chis. however, the mechanism by which chis controls the expression of these genes is currently unknown. here, we report the involvement of a novel transcription factor termed 'tfos' in this process. tfos is a transmembrane protein that contains a large periplasmic domain and a cytoplasmic arac-type dna-binding domain ... | 2014 | 24236404 |
| distribution ofvibrio cholerae in two florida estuaries. | the distribution ofvibrio cholerae was examined in 2 florida estuaries, apalachicola and tampa bay.vibrio cholerae serotype non-01 was the most abundant serotype, being isolated from 45% of the oyster samples, 30% of the sediments, 50% of the waters, and 75% of the blue crabs.vibrio cholerae serotype 01 was isolated from only one oyster sample. strong linear correlations betweenv. cholerae and temperature, salinity, or the other physical/chemical parameters measured,escherichia coli, or fecal co ... | 1983 | 24221617 |
| plasticity of regulation of mannitol phosphotransferase system operon by crp-camp complex in vibrio cholerae. | the complex of the cyclic amp receptor protein (crp) and camp is an important transcriptional regulator of numerous genes in prokaryotes. the transport of mannitol through the phosphotransferase systems (pts) is regulated by the crp-camp complex. the aim of the study is to investigate how the crp-camp complex acting on the mannitol pts operon mtl of the vibrio cholerae el tor biotype. | 2013 | 24215877 |
| customizable pcr-microplate array for differential identification of multiple pathogens. | customizable pcr-microplate arrays were developed for the rapid identification of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella saintpaul, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, escherichia coli o157:h7, francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia pestis, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. previously, we identified highly specific primers targeting each of these pathogens. here, we report the development of customizable ... | 2013 | 24215700 |
| genetic and phenotypic analysis of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 isolated from german and austrian patients. | vibrio cholerae belonging to the non-o1, non-o139 serogroups are present in the coastal waters of germany and in some german and austrian lakes. these bacteria can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, and are transmitted through contaminated food and water. however, non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae infections are rare in germany. we studied 18 strains from german and austrian patients with diarrhea or local infections for their virulence-associated genotype and phenotype to assess t ... | 2014 | 24213848 |
| role of phages in the epidemiology of cholera. | understanding the genetic and ecological factors which support the periodic emergence of toxigenic vibrio cholerae causing outbreaks of cholera in regions where the disease is endemic, is vital to develop preventive measures. besides environmental factors which are not precisely defined, bacteriophages, and horizontally transmissible genetic elements are known to have a significant role in the epidemiology and evolution of the pathogen. cholera epidemics are also known to be self-limiting, and h ... | 2014 | 24213557 |
| antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities of plant products against enterotoxinogenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) produces two types of enterotoxins: heat-labile (lt) and heat-stable (sta and stb). these molecules are involved in the induction of secretory diarrhea in animals including humans. this condition is currently treated using a fluid replacement therapy and antibiotics. this treatment is often not available to people in developing countries, and several die from the condition provoke by etec. over the years, plants and plant extracts have been use as traditio ... | 2013 | 24212181 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms of human sting can affect innate immune response to cyclic dinucleotides. | the sting (stimulator of interferon genes) protein can bind cyclic dinucleotides to activate the production of type i interferons and inflammatory cytokines. the cyclic dinucleotides can be bacterial second messengers c-di-gmp and c-di-amp, 3'5'-3'5' cyclic gmp-amp (3'3' cgamp) produced by vibrio cholerae and metazoan second messenger 2'5'-3'5' cyclic gmp-amp (2'3' cgamp). analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data from the 1000 genome project revealed that r71h-g230a-r293q (haq) occu ... | 2013 | 24204993 |
| [preparation of monoclonal antibodies against flagellin core protein of vibrio cholerae and its application in establishing double-antibody sandwich elisa for testing vibrio cholerae from food products]. | to prepare the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against flagellin core protein of vibrio cholerae and establish the double-antibody sandwich elisa method for testing vibrio cholerae from food products. | 2013 | 24200064 |
| factors influencing bacterial production of inducers of settlement behavior of larvae of the oystercrassostrea gigas. | dissolved chemical inducers of settlement behavior of veliger larvae of the oystercrassostrea gigas are found in supernatants of both pigmented species of bacteria (alteromonas colwelliana, vibrio cholerae strain htx) as well as nonpigmented bacteria (excherichia coli, vibrio cholerae strain 596-b). usually less than 10% of veligers exhibited settlement behavior in response to supernatants from the early bacterial growth phases, whereas 30-90% of larvae responded when exposed to supernatant from ... | 1989 | 24197287 |
| adaptation of a simple dipstick test for detection of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in environmental water. | the presence of vibrio cholerae in the environment is key to understanding the epidemiology of cholera. the gold standard for laboratory confirmation of v. cholerae from water is a culture method, but this requires laboratory infrastructure. a rapid diagnostic test that is simple, inexpensive, and can be deployed widely would be useful for confirming v. cholerae in samples of environmental water. here, we evaluated a dipstick test to detect v. cholerae o1 and o139 from environmental water sample ... | 2013 | 24194737 |
| management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis, characterized by the onset of diarrhea with or without vomiting, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations. although generally a mild and self-limiting disease, gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with a substantial disease burden. worldwide, up to 40% of children aged less than 5 years with diarrhea are hospitalized with rotavirus. also, some microorganisms ... | 2013 | 24194646 |
| design and synthesis of cationic antibacterial peptide based on leucrocin i sequence, antibacterial peptide from crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) white blood cell extracts. | leucrocin i is an antibacterial peptide isolated from crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) white blood cell extracts. based on leucrocin i sequence, cationic peptide, ny15, was designed, synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against bacillus sphaericus tistr 678, bacillus megaterium (clinical isolate), vibrio cholerae (clinical isolate), salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), salmonella typhi atcc 5784 and escherichia coli 0157:h7. the efficacy of the peptide made from all l-amino acids ... | 2014 | 24192554 |
| the greatest steps towards the discovery of vibrio cholerae. | in the 19th century, there was extensive research on cholera: the disease was generally attributed to miasmatic causes, but this concept was replaced, between about 1850 and 1910, by the scientifically founded germ theory of disease. in 1883, robert koch identified the vibrion for the second time, after filippo pacini's discovery in 1854: koch isolated the comma bacillus in pure culture and explained its mode of transmission, solving an enigma that had lasted for centuries. the aim of this artic ... | 2014 | 24191858 |
| effects of temperature and salinity on survival of toxigenicvibrio cholerae o1 in seawater. | in 1991 and 1992, the latin american epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated from ballast water, bilge water, and sewage taken from cargo ships docked in mobile bay, alabama. the findings raised questions regarding the organism's ability to survive long-term aboard ships and to withstand the exchange of ballast at sea. the effects of temperature (6, 18, and 30°c) and salinity (8, 16, and 32 ppt) on survival of v. cholerae o1 strains c6706 and c6707 and a ballast water isolate in steri ... | 1996 | 24185740 |
| resveratrol--a potential inhibitor of biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | resveratrol, a phytochemical commonly found in the skin of grapes and berries, was tested for its biofilm inhibitory activity against vibrio cholerae. biofilm inhibition was assessed using crystal violet assay. mtt assay was performed to check the viability of the treated bacterial cells and the biofilm architecture was analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. the possible target of the compound was determined by docking analysis. results showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the ... | 2014 | 24182988 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae from 1986 to 2012 in yunnan province, southwest china bordering myanmar. | vibrio cholerae is an important infectious pathogen causing serious human diarrhea. we analyzed 568 v. cholerae strains isolated from 1986 to 2012 in yunnan province, southwest china bordering myanmar. polymerase chain reactions for detecting virulence genes, antibiotic susceptibility tests and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were performed. the results showed all the strains were el tor biotype from 1986. the ctxb subunit sequence analysis for all strains have shown that cholera between ... | 2014 | 24177595 |
| safety and immunogenicity of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr, prepared from new master and working cell banks. | currently, no cholera vaccine is available for persons traveling from the united states to areas of high cholera transmission and who for reasons of occupation or host factors are at increased risk for development of the disease. a single-dose oral cholera vaccine with a rapid onset of protection would be particularly useful for such travelers and might also be an adjunct control measure for cholera outbreaks. the attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr harbors a 94% deletion of ... | 2014 | 24173028 |
| the hows and whys of constructing a native recombinant cholera vaccine. | emergence of different ctxb genotypes within virulent vibrio cholerae populations accentuates the need to develop a vaccine that has the potential to protect against all cholera toxin genotypes. oral administration of rctb-alone and in combination with 2 dominant domestic killed whole cells of v. cholerae (o1 ogawa el tor and o1 inaba el tor) plus one standard v. cholerae (o1 ogawa classic atcc 14035)-has shown satisfactory protection as a potent vaccine candidate against toxigenic v. cholerae. | 2015 | 24165439 |
| multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. | a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for the identification of three vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. | 2013 | 24159544 |
| evaluation of colorimetric detection methods for shigella, salmonella, and vibrio cholerae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | we evaluated loop-mediated isothermal amplification end-point detection methods for salmonella, shigella, and vibrio cholerae. detection sensitivities were comparable to real-time pcr methods. the colorimetric dyes hydroxynaphthol blue and sybr green i showed increased sensitivity when compared to visual and automated turbidity readings. end-point colorimetric dyes promise great utility in developing settings. | 2013 | 24157057 |
| substitution of glutamate residue by lysine in the dimerization domain affects dna binding ability of hapr by inducing structural deformity in the dna binding domain. | hapr has been given the status of a high cell density master regulatory protein in vibrio cholerae. though many facts are known regarding its structural and functional aspects, much still can be learnt from natural variants of the wild type protein. this work aims at investigating the nature of functional inertness of a hapr natural variant harboring a substitution of a conserved glutamate residue at position 117 which participates in forming a salt bridge by lysine (haprv2g-e(117)k). experiment ... | 2013 | 24155884 |
| vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus detected in seafood products from senegal. | the detection of pathogenic vibrio in seafood from senegal has generated five food alerts in the european union. to investigate the presence and abundance vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood and coastal and estuarine waters, 123 seafood samples and 52 water samples were collected during 2007-2009 from two large seafood markets in dakar, and from different oceanic and estuarine areas of the country. v. parahaemolyticus was detected in 30.1% of seafood samples, whereas presence ... | 2013 | 24147655 |
| rapid protocol for preparation of electrocompetent escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae. | electroporation has become a widely used method for rapidly and efficiently introducing foreign dna into a wide range of cells. electrotransformation has become the method of choice for introducing dna into prokaryotes that are not naturally competent. electroporation is a rapid, efficient, and streamlined transformation method that, in addition to purified dna and competent bacteria, requires commercially available gene pulse controller and cuvettes. in contrast to the pulsing step, preparation ... | 2013 | 24146001 |
| 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in kolkata, india: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (shantha biotechnics, hyderabad, india) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. we aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of kolkata, india. | 2013 | 24140390 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from deep sea bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa jq989348 for antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activity. | pseudomonas aeruginosa (jq989348) was isolated from deep sea water sample and used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). agnps were confirmed by analyzing surface plasmon resonance using uv-visible spectrophotometer at 420 nm. further scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the range of particle size between 13 and 76 nm and xrd pattern authorizes the anisotropic crystalline nature of agnps. fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed the presence of high amount of proteins and ... | 2014 | 24136453 |
| potential for inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant vibrio cholera. | 2013 | 24135170 | |
| cyclic di-gmp inhibits vibrio cholerae motility by repressing induction of transcription and inducing extracellular polysaccharide production. | cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) controls the transition between sessility and motility in many bacterial species. this regulation is achieved by a variety of mechanisms including alteration of transcription initiation and inhibition of flagellar function. how c-di-gmp inhibits the motility of vibrio cholerae has not been determined. flra, a homologue of the c-di-gmp binding pseudomonas aeruginosa motility regulator fleq, is the master regulator of the v. cholerae flagellar biosynthesis regulon. here we ... | 2013 | 24134710 |
| added value of multiplex luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag® gpp) testing in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. | the luminex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag(®) gpp) detects in one assay the most common gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and toxins, namely adenovirus 40/41, norovirus genogroup (ng) i/ii, rotavirus a, clostridium difficile toxin a/b, campylobacter sp., escherichia coli o157, enterotoxigenic e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin/heat-stable enterotoxin, salmonella sp., shiga-toxin producing e. coli, shiga-like toxin (stx)1/2, shigella sp., vibrio cholerae, yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24131399 |
| mapping the glycation sites in the neoglycoconjugate from hexasaccharide antigen of vibrio cholerae, serotype ogawa and the recombinant tetanus toxin c-fragment carrier. | we report herein the glycation sites in a vaccine candidate for cholera formed by conjugation of the synthetic hexasaccharide fragment of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae, serotype ogawa, to the recombinant tetanus toxin c-fragment (rtt-hc) carrier. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the vaccine revealed that it is composed of a mixture of neoglycoconjugates with carbohydrate : protein ratios of 1.9 : 1, 3.0 : 1, 4.0 : 1, 4.9 ... | 2013 | 24130011 |
| dna-uptake machinery of naturally competent vibrio cholerae. | natural competence for transformation is a mode of horizontal gene transfer that is commonly used by bacteria to take up dna from their environment. as part of this developmental program, so-called competence genes, which encode the components of a dna-uptake machinery, are expressed. several models have been proposed for the dna-uptake complexes of competent bacteria, and most include a type iv (pseudo)pilus as a core component. however, cell-biology-based approaches to visualizing competence p ... | 2013 | 24127573 |
| purification, structural elucidation and bioactivity of tryptophan containing diketopiperazines, from comamonas testosteroni associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode against major human-pathogenic bacteria. | the cell free culture filtrate of a comamonas testosteroni associated with an entomopathogenic nematode (epn), rhabditis (oscheius) sp. exhibited promising antimicrobial activity. the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial culture filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain five diketopiperazines or cyclic dipeptides (dkp 1-5). the structure and absolute stereochemistry of the compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (hr-ms, (1)hnmr, (13)cnmr, ( ... | 2014 | 24120705 |
| antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in zambia, democratic republic of congo, mozambique and tanzania: an urgent need of a sustainable surveillance system. | a review of the published and unpublished literature on bacterial resistance in human and animals was performed. sixty-eight articles/reports from the democratic republic of congo (drc), mozambique, tanzania and zambia were reviewed. the majority of these articles were from tanzania. there is an increasing trend in the incidence of antibiotic resistance; of major concern is the increase in multidrug- resistant escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholera, non-ty ... | 2013 | 24119299 |
| antibacterial and antiviral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride: a glycolipid isolated from azadirachta indica leaves. | assessment of antibacterial as well as antiherpes virus activity of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (sqdg), a glycolipid, isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been described. antimicrobial activity was evaluated against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and herpes simplex virus. sqdg showed significant inhibitory activity against salmonella typhi and two isolates of shigella dysenteriae with mic values 32 μg ml(-1) , while three isolates of salm. typhi, escherichia coli and vi ... | 2014 | 24118020 |
| emergence of vibrio cholerae o1 classical biotype in 2012 in iran. | cholera outbreaks annually occur in many parts of iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the biotype and genotype diversity of v. cholerae isolates from recent outbreak (2012) in iran and to characterize the ctxb allelic sequence of isolates. the ctxb sequence of all isolates was analyzed and compared with the reference ctxb sequences for el tor and classical biotypes in genbank database. the pfge genotype specification of isolates was determined and genetic relatedness among isolates an ... | 2014 | 24117836 |
| sodium-coupled dicarboxylate and citrate transporters from the slc13 family. | the slc13 family in humans and other mammals consists of sodium-coupled transporters for anionic substrates: three transporters for dicarboxylates/citrate and two transporters for sulfate. this review will focus on the di- and tricarboxylate transporters: nadc1 (slc13a2), nadc3 (slc13a3), and nact (slc13a5). the substrates of these transporters are metabolic intermediates of the citric acid cycle, including citrate, succinate, and α-ketoglutarate, which can exert signaling effects through specif ... | 2014 | 24114175 |
| structure and secretion of cofj, a putative colonization factor of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) colonize the human gut, causing severe cholera-like diarrhoea. etec utilize a diverse array of pili and fimbriae for host colonization, including the type ivb pilus cfa/iii. the cfa/iii pilus machinery is encoded on the cof operon, which is similar in gene sequence and synteny to the tcp operon that encodes another type ivb pilus, the vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp). both pilus operons possess a syntenic gene encoding a protein of unknown fu ... | 2013 | 24106767 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of epidemic cholera in haiti to assess spectrum of illness and risk factors for severe disease. | to assess the spectrum of illness from toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and risk factors for severe cholera in haiti, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a rural commune with more than 21,000 residents. during march 22-april 6, 2011, we interviewed 2,622 residents ≥ 2 years of age and tested serum specimens from 2,527 (96%) participants for vibriocidal and antibodies against cholera toxin; 18% of participants reported a cholera diagnosis, 39% had vibriocidal titers ≥ 320, and 64% had vibriocida ... | 2013 | 24106192 |
| laboratory-confirmed cholera and rotavirus among patients with acute diarrhea in four hospitals in haiti, 2012-2013. | an outbreak of cholera began in haiti in october of 2010. to understand the progression of epidemic cholera in haiti, in april of 2012, we initiated laboratory-enhanced surveillance for diarrheal disease in four haitian hospitals in three departments. at each site, we sampled up to 10 hospitalized patients each week with acute watery diarrhea. we tested 1,616 specimens collected from april 2, 2012 to march 28, 2013; 1,030 (63.7%) specimens yielded vibrio cholerae, 13 (0.8%) specimens yielded shi ... | 2013 | 24106190 |
| modeling the effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene and oral cholera vaccine implementation in haiti. | in 2010, toxigenic vibrio cholerae was newly introduced to haiti. because resources are limited, decision-makers need to understand the effect of different preventive interventions. we built a static model to estimate the potential number of cholera cases averted through improvements in coverage in water, sanitation and hygiene (wash) (i.e., latrines, point-of-use chlorination, and piped water), oral cholera vaccine (ocv), or a combination of both. we allowed indirect effects and non-linear rela ... | 2013 | 24106189 |
| discovery and biological characterization of the auromomycin chromophore as an inhibitor of biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | bacterial biofilms pose a significant challenge in clinical environments due to their inherent lack of susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. it is widely recognized that most pathogenic bacterial strains in the clinical setting persist in the biofilm state, and are the root cause of many recrudescent infections. the discovery and development of compounds capable of either inhibiting biofilm formation or initiating biofilm dispersal might provide new therapeutic avenues for reducing the number ... | 2013 | 24106077 |
| haitian variant ctxb producing vibrio cholerae o1 with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is persistent in yavatmal, maharashtra, india, after causing a cholera outbreak. | vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor producing haitian variant cholera toxin (hct) and showing reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin caused a cholera outbreak associated with a high case fatality rate (4.5) in india. hct-secreting strains responsible for severe cholera epidemics in orissa (india), western africa and haiti were associated with increased mortality. there is a pressing need for an integrated multidisciplinary approach to combat further spread of newly emerging variant strains. the t ... | 2014 | 24102849 |
| cryo-electron microscopy reveals the membrane insertion mechanism of v. cholerae hemolysin. | vibrio cholerae hemolysin (hlya) is a 65 kda pore-forming toxin which causes lysis of target eukaryotic cells by forming heptameric channels in the plasma membrane. deletion of the 15 kda c-terminus β-prism carbohydrate-binding domain generates a 50 kda truncated variant (hlya50) with 1000-fold-reduced pore-forming activity. previously, we showed by cryo-electron microscopy that the two toxin oligomers have central channels, but the 65 kda toxin oligomer is a seven-fold symmetric structure with ... | 2014 | 24102290 |
| cholera in coastal africa: a systematic review of its heterogeneous environmental determinants. | according to the "cholera paradigm," epidemiology of this prototypical waterborne disease is considered to be driven directly by climate-induced variations in coastal aquatic reservoirs of vibrio cholerae. this systematic review on environmental determinants of cholera in coastal africa shows that instead coastal epidemics constitute a minor part of the continental cholera burden. most of coastal cholera foci are located near estuaries, lagoons, mangrove forests, and on islands. yet outbreaks of ... | 2013 | 24101653 |
| national surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in cameroon. | background. the cholera burden in cameroon has increased during the past 2 decades. during 2010 and 2011, the largest number of cholera cases in cameroon since february 1971 were reported. this article describes cholera outbreaks during 2010-2011. methods. data received from the national surveillance system from 2010 and 2011 were compiled and analyzed. results. the first suspected cholera cases were reported in the far north region on 6 may 2010. in 2010, 10 759 cholera cases were reported by 8 ... | 2013 | 24101652 |
| elimination of cholera in the democratic republic of the congo: the new national policy. | we evaluated published and unpublished data on cholera cases and deaths reported from clinical care facilities in the 56 health districts of the democratic republic of congo to the national ministry of health during 2000-2011. cholera incidence was highest in the eastern provinces bordering lakes and epidemics primarily originated in this region. along with a strong seasonal component, our data suggest a potential vibrio cholerae reservoir in the rift valley lakes and the possible contribution o ... | 2013 | 24101651 |
| cholera surveillance in uganda: an analysis of notifications for the years 2007-2011. | cholera outbreaks have occurred periodically in uganda since 1971. the country has experienced intervals of sporadic cases and localized outbreaks, occasionally resulting in prolonged widespread epidemics. | 2013 | 24101649 |
| national surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in kenya, 1997-2010. | kenya has experienced multiple cholera outbreaks since 1971. cholera remains an issue of major public health importance and one of the 35 priority diseases under kenya's updated integrated disease surveillance and response strategy. | 2013 | 24101646 |
| environmental determinants of cholera outbreaks in inland africa: a systematic review of main transmission foci and propagation routes. | cholera is generally regarded as the prototypical waterborne and environmental disease. in africa, available studies are scarce, and the relevance of this disease paradigm is questionable. cholera outbreaks have been repeatedly reported far from the coasts: from 2009 through 2011, three-quarters of all cholera cases in africa occurred in inland regions. such outbreaks are either influenced by rainfall and subsequent floods or by drought- and water-induced stress. their concurrence with global cl ... | 2013 | 24101645 |
| cholera outbreak in south africa, 2008-2009: laboratory analysis of vibrio cholerae o1 strains. | a total of 720 vibrio cholerae o1 strains were recovered for investigation from an outbreak of cholera in south africa between november 2008 and april 2009. | 2013 | 24101643 |
| the role of vibrio cholerae genotyping in africa. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera, is prevalent in the african continent from the 1970s when the seventh pandemic spread from asia to africa. in the past decade, cholera has caused devastating outbreaks in much of africa, illustrated by the recent cholera epidemics in zimbabwe and regions of central africa. given the extent of cholera in africa, a robust and efficient surveillance system should be in place to prevent and control the disease in this continent. ... | 2013 | 24101642 |
| diagnosis of vibrio cholerae o1 infection in africa. | isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 is necessary for cholera outbreak confirmation. rapid diagnostic testing of fecal specimens, based on lipopolysaccharide detection of v. cholerae o1 or o139, may assist in early outbreak detection and surveillance. cary-blair transport medium is recommended for specimen transport. filter paper, although used in epidemics, needs evaluation against rectal swab specimens. fecal specimens are subcultured onto selective and nonselective media, including 5% blood agar a ... | 2013 | 24101641 |
| national surveillance data on the epidemiology of cholera in togo. | togo is a cholera-endemic country bordered by other countries where this disease is endemic. we describe the epidemiology of cholera in togo, using national surveillance data. | 2013 | 24101639 |
| cholera epidemiology in mozambique using national surveillance data. | mozambique has experienced cholera for several decades. this study was undertaken to evaluate epidemiologic patterns to assist in guiding public health interventions. | 2013 | 24101638 |
| role of the vibrio cholerae matrix protein bap1 in cross-resistance to antimicrobial peptides. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) that are released from gram-negative pathogenic bacteria can serve as vehicles for the translocation of effectors involved in infectious processes. in this study we have investigated the role of omvs of the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor a1552 strain in resistance to antimicrobial peptides (amps). to assess this potential role, we grew v. cholerae with sub-lethal concentrations of polymyxin b (pmb) or the amp ll-37 and analyzed the omvs produced and their effects on amp ... | 2013 | 24098113 |
| vibrio cholerae porin ompu induces pro-inflammatory responses, but down-regulates lps-mediated effects in raw 264.7, thp-1 and human pbmcs. | vibrio cholerae porin ompu plays a crucial role in the survival of the organism in the human gut. various observations suggest critical involvement of ompu in v. cholerae pathogenesis. however, ompu is poorly characterized in terms of its ability to evoke cellular responses, particularly in the context of host immune system. therefore, towards characterizing v. cholerae ompu for its host immunomodulatory functions, we have studied the ability of ompu to elicit pro-inflammatory responses in a ran ... | 2013 | 24086753 |
| synergistic effect of various virulence factors leading to high toxicity of environmental v. cholerae non-o1/ non-o139 isolates lacking ctx gene : comparative study with clinical strains. | vibrio cholerae non-o1/ non-o139 serogroups have been reported to cause sporadic diarrhoea in humans. cholera toxins have been mostly implicated for hypersecretion of ions and water into the small intestine. though most of the v. cholerae non-o1/ non-o139 strains lack these cholera toxins, several other innate virulence factors contribute towards their pathogenicity. the environmental isolates may thus act as reservoirs for potential spreading of these virulence genes in the natural environment ... | 2013 | 24086707 |
| structural evaluation of gm1-related carbohydrate-cholera toxin interactions through surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis. | surface plasmon resonance (spr) can provide kinetic information about an interaction, and it can also be used to rapidly monitor dynamic processes, such as adsorption and degradation, without the need for sample labeling. here, we employed spr to analyze carbohydrate-protein interactions, particularly gm1-related carbohydrate-vibrio cholera toxin interactions. the interaction between cholera toxin subunits a (ctxa) and b (ctxb) was similar to general ligand-receptor interactions. after the direc ... | 2013 | 24081216 |
| no evidence of significant levels of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 in the haitian aquatic environment during the 2012 rainy season. | on october 21, 2010, haiti was struck by a cholera epidemic for the first time in over a century. epidemiological and molecular genetic data have clearly demonstrated that the bacterium was imported. nevertheless, the persistence of the epidemic for more than two years, the high incidence rates in some coastal areas and the seasonal exacerbations of the epidemic during the rainy seasons have prompted us to examine the levels of toxigenic vibrio cholerae in the haitian aquatic environment. | 2013 | 24077904 |
| the mosaic accessory gene structures of the sxt/r391-like integrative and conjugative elements derived from vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic products and environment in the yangtze river estuary, china. | the emergence, resurgence and spread of human food-borne pathogenic vibrios are one of the major contributors to disease burden and mortality particularly in developing countries with disputable sanitary conditions. previous research on pathogenic vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolitycus derived from clinical samples has proposed links between acquisition of virulence and multiple drug resistance traits and intercellular transmissibility of mobile genetic elements in the environment. to date, ... | 2013 | 24074349 |
| synergistic antimicrobial profiling of violacein with commercial antibiotics against pathogenic micro-organisms. | chromobacterium violaceum bergonzini (neisseriaceae), a gram-negative bacterium, secretes a spectacular pigment called violacein. violacein is a quorum-sensing metabolite and is also an active antimicrobial, anticancer agent. however, its efficiency as a potential drug, alone or in synergy with other active principles, has not being completely exploited. with the advent of different multi-drug resistant strains, it becomes essential to find a new natural product(s) that could be effectively used ... | 2014 | 24073823 |
| a study on the geophylogeny of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae in kenya. | cholera remains a significant public health challenge in many sub-saharan countries including kenya. we have performed a combination of phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis based on whole genome dna sequences derived from 40 environmental and 57 clinical v. cholerae from different regions of kenya isolated between 2005 and 2010. some environmental and all clinical isolates mapped back onto wave three of the monophyletic seventh pandemic v. cholerae el tor phylogeny but other environmental isolat ... | 2013 | 24066154 |
| conformational barrier of chey3 and inability of chey4 to bind flim control the flagellar motor action in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae contains multiple copies of chemotaxis response regulator (vcchey1-vcchey4) whose functions are elusive yet. although previous studies suggested that only vcchey3 directly switches the flagellar rotation, the involvement of vcchey4 in chemotaxis could not be ruled out. none of these studies, however, focused on the structure, mechanism of activation or molecular basis of flim binding of the vccheys. from the crystal structures of ca(2+) and mg(2+) bound vcchey3 we proposed the pr ... | 2013 | 24066084 |
| evaluation of monoclonal antibody based immunochromatographic strip test for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o1 contamination in seafood samples. | a strip test for the detection of vibrio cholerae o1 was developed using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), vc-223 and vc-1226, specific to the lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae o1 inaba and ogawa serovars. the sensitivity of the test was 5 × 10(5)cfu/ml which was similar to that of dot blot test. the detection limit could be improved to 1cfu/ml of the original bacterial content after pre-incubation of the bacterium in alkaline peptone water (apw) for 12h. detection of v. cholerae o1 in vari ... | 2013 | 24060694 |
| a novel 8-nm protein cage formed by vibrio cholerae acylphosphatase. | here we show the formation of an ~8-nm cage formed by the self-assembly of acylphosphatase from vibrio cholerae o395 (vc-acp). the 12-subunit cage structure forms spontaneously and is stabilized through binding of sulfate ions at its exterior face and interfacial regions. crystal structure and studies in solutions illuminate the basis for the formation of the cage, while a single (cys20→arg) mutation (vc-acp-c20r) transforms vc-acp to a potent enzyme but disrupts the assembly into a trimer. | 2014 | 24055378 |
| haem-based sensors: a still growing old superfamily. | the haem-based sensors are chimeric multi-domain proteins responsible for the cellular adaptive responses to environmental changes. the signal transduction is mediated by the sensing capability of the haem-binding domain, which transmits a usable signal to the cognate transmitter domain, responsible for providing the adequate answer. four major families of haem-based sensors can be recognized, depending on the nature of the haem-binding domain: (i) the haem-binding pas domain, (ii) the co-sensit ... | 2013 | 24054793 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 el tor and o139 bengal strains carrying ctxb(et), bangladesh. | 2013 | 24050113 | |
| development of a 5-minute rapid test for detecting vibrio cholerae o139. | vibrio cholerae o139 is an etiology of cholera in thailand. we determined to prepare a rapid test to detect v cholerae o139 using an immunochromatographic method to be used for surveillance and use in community laboratories. we conjugated murine monoclonal antibodies specific to the lipopolysaccharide of v. cholerae o139 with colloidal gold particles. the sensitivity of the test was determined using 10-fold dilutions of v. cholerae o139. the lowest number of bacterial cells detected by the test ... | 2013 | 24050076 |
| non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae sepsis in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. | non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae is an encapsulated bacterium, ubiquitous in the marine environment and generally considered to be non-pathogenic. however, it is known to cause diarrheal illness, wound infection, and bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts. here we have describe non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae sepsis in a patient with nephrotic syndrome following exposure to sea-water. interestingly, the exposure occurred remotely 4 months prior to the onset of nephrotic syndrome. the occurrence of f ... | 2013 | 24049279 |
| quantitative detection of vibrio cholera toxin by real-time and dynamic cytotoxicity monitoring. | we report here the quantitative detection of vibrio cholerae toxin (ct) in isolates and stool specimens by dynamic monitoring of the full course of ct-mediated cytotoxicity in a real-time cell analysis (rtca) system. four cell lines, including y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, small intestine epithelial (fhs74int) cells, and mouse adrenal gland (pc12-adh) cells, were evaluated for their suitability for ct-induced cytotoxicity testing. among them, the y-1 line was ... | 2013 | 24048535 |
| shellfish-acquired vibrio cholerae cellulitis and sepsis from a vulnerable leg. | the following case concerns a soft tissue vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) infection in a fisherman who cut his foot while retrieving his fishing dinghy. it is rare for v. cholerae to cause extraintestinal infection. this v. cholera was identified as a non-toxigenic organism. the patient was successfully treated with medical therapy at waikato hospital (hamilton, new zealand) and discharged home after 10 days. | 2013 | 24045356 |
| grape extracts inhibit multiple events in the cell biology of cholera intoxication. | vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin (ct), an ab5 protein toxin that is primarily responsible for the profuse watery diarrhea of cholera. ct is secreted into the extracellular milieu, but the toxin attacks its gsα target within the cytosol of a host cell. thus, ct must cross a cellular membrane barrier in order to function. this event only occurs after the toxin travels by retrograde vesicular transport from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (er). the catalytic a1 polypeptide then ... | 2013 | 24039929 |
| vibrio cholerae evades neutrophil extracellular traps by the activity of two extracellular nucleases. | the gram negative bacterium vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the secretory diarrheal disease cholera, which has traditionally been classified as a noninflammatory disease. however, several recent reports suggest that a v. cholerae infection induces an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract indicated by recruitment of innate immune cells and increase of inflammatory cytokines. in this study, we describe a colonization defect of a double extracellular nuclease v. cholerae mut ... | 2013 | 24039581 |
| cholera toxin disrupts barrier function by inhibiting exocyst-mediated trafficking of host proteins to intestinal cell junctions. | cholera toxin (ct), a virulence factor elaborated by vibrio cholerae, is sufficient to induce the severe diarrhea characteristic of cholera. the enzymatic moiety of ct (ctxa) increases camp synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to chloride ion (cl(-)) efflux through the cftr cl(-) channel. to preserve electroneutrality and osmotic balance, sodium ions and water also flow into the intestinal lumen via a paracellular route. we find that ctxa-driven camp increase also inhibits rab11/exo ... | 2013 | 24034615 |
| cholera toxin notches epithelial junctions. | cholera toxin (ct) is the factor responsible for watery diarrhea associated with vibrio cholerae infection. in this issue, guichard et al. (2013) report that ct compromises intestinal epithelium barrier function via cyclic amp (camp)-induced disruption of rab11- and exocyst-dependent delivery of endocytic recycling cargo to cell-cell junctions. | 2013 | 24034608 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 from superficial water of the tucunduba stream, brazilian amazon. | isolation and genetic characterization of an environmental vibrio cholerae o1 from the amazon is reported. this strain lacks two major virulence factors - ctx and tcp - but carries other genes related to virulence. genetic similarity with epidemic strains is evaluated and the importance of v. cholerae surveillance in the amazon is emphasized. | 2012 | 24031874 |
| aspartic acid 397 in subunit b of the na+-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae forms part of a sodium-binding site, is involved in cation selectivity, and affects cation-binding site cooperativity. | the na(+)-pumping nadh:quinone complex is found in vibrio cholerae and other marine and pathogenic bacteria. nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase oxidizes nadh and reduces ubiquinone, using the free energy released by this reaction to pump sodium ions across the cell membrane. in a previous report, a conserved aspartic acid residue in the nqrb subunit at position 397, located in the cytosolic face of this protein, was proposed to be involved in the capture of sodium. here, we studied the role of this ... | 2013 | 24030824 |
| establishing polar identity in gram-negative rods. | in rod shaped bacteria, numerous cellular components are targeted to the cell poles, and such localization is often important for optimal function. in particular, recognition of poles is often linked to division site selection, chromosome segregation, chemotactic signaling, and motility. recent advances in understanding polarity include identification of a vibrio cholerae protein that mediates polar localization of a chromosome origin and chemotaxis clusters, as well as a downstream protein that ... | 2013 | 24029491 |
| detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance. | over a 1-year period, bi-monthly estuarine surface water and plankton samples (63-200 and > 200 μm fractions) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction for the prevalence of total vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and v. cholerae and select genes associated with clinical strains found in each species. neither temperature nor plankton abundance was a significant correlate of total v. parahaemolyticus; however, the prevalence of genes commonly associated with clinical strains (trh, tdh, orf8) ... | 2014 | 24024909 |
| concurrent outbreaks of cholera and peripheral neuropathy associated with high mortality among persons internally displaced by a volcanic eruption. | in october 2004, manam island volcano in papua new guinea erupted, causing over 10 000 villagers to flee to internally displaced person (idp) camps, including 550 from dugulaba village. following violence over land access in march 2010, the idps fled the camps, and four months later concurrent outbreaks of acute watery diarrhea and unusual neurological complaints were reported in this population. | 2013 | 24023752 |
| deciphering the origins and tracking the evolution of cholera epidemics with whole-genome-based molecular epidemiology. | the devastating haitian cholera outbreak that began in october 2010 is the first known cholera epidemic in this island nation. epidemiological and genomic data have provided strong evidence that united nations security forces from nepal introduced toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, the cause of epidemic cholera, to haiti shortly before the outbreak arose. however, some have contended that indigenous v. cholerae contributed to the outbreak. in a recent paper (mbio 4:e00398-13, 2013), l. s. katz et al. ... | 2013 | 24023387 |
| next-generation anchor based phylogeny (nexabp): constructing phylogeny from next-generation sequencing data. | whole genome sequences are ideally suited for deriving evolutionary relationship among organisms. with the availability of next generation sequencing (ngs) datasets in an unprecedented scale, it will be highly desirable if phylogenetic analysis can be carried out using short read ngs data. we described here an anchor based approach nexabp for phylogenetic construction of closely related strains/isolates from ngs data. this approach can be used even in the absence of a fully assembled reference g ... | 2013 | 24022334 |
| mechanisms underlying the additive and redundant qrr phenotypes in vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae. | vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae regulate their virulence factors according to the local cell-population density in a regulatory system called quorum sensing. their quorum sensing systems contain a small rna (srna) circuit to regulate expression of a master transcriptional regulator via multiple quorum regulated rna (qrr) and a protein chaperon hfq. experiments and genetic analysis show that their respective quorum sensing networks are topologically equivalent and have homologous components, y ... | 2014 | 24018202 |
| cholera with severe renal failure in an italian tourist returning from cuba, july 2013. | in july 2013, an italian tourist returning from cuba was hospitalised in trieste, italy, for cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa with severe renal failure. an outbreak of cholera was reported in cuba in january 2013. physicians should consider the diagnosis of cholera in travellers returning from cuba presenting with acute watery diarrhoea. | 2013 | 24008229 |
| nmr reveals double occupancy of quinone-type ligands in the catalytic quinone binding site of the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | the sodium ion-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) from the pathogen vibrio cholerae exploits the free energy liberated during oxidation of nadh with ubiquinone to pump sodium ions across the cytoplasmic membrane. the na(+)-nqr consists of four membrane-bound subunits nqrbcde and the peripheral nqrf and nqra subunits. nqra binds ubiquinone-8 as well as quinones with shorter prenyl chains (ubiquinone-1 and ubiquinone-2). here we show that the quinone derivative 2,5-dibromo-3-met ... | 2013 | 24003222 |
| [serologic study of experimental cholera polymer antigen diagnosticums]. | evaluation of quality indicators of constructed cholera antigen polymer diagnosticums by using a complex of specific anti-cholera sera. materials and methods. cell lysates of cholera vibrio strains vibrio cholerae cholerae 1395, v. eltor ogawa 2044, v. eltor inaba 13020, v. cholerae o139 16064 were sensitins for experimental preparations. 3 sera from cholera patients, normal human sera, cholera o1 (ogawa, inaba) commercial horse, cholera o139 commercial rabbit and heterologic sera against shigel ... | 2013 | 24000598 |
| a new integrative conjugative element detected in haitian isolates of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139. | the presence of sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative elements (ices) in vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1/non-o139 isolated from clinical and environmental samples in haiti in 2010 was studied. the main finding of this work was the identification of the novel icevchhai2 among closely related v. cholerae non-o1/non-o139 clinical strains. the mosaic structure of this element confirms the role of ices as efficient recombination systems whereby new genetic material can be acquired and exchanged, acc ... | 2013 | 23994142 |
| crystallization of the higba2 toxin-antitoxin complex from vibrio cholerae. | the genome of vibrio cholerae encodes two higba toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules that are activated by amino-acid starvation. here, the ta complex of the second module, higba2, as well as the c-terminal domain of the corresponding higa2 antitoxin, have been purified and crystallized. the higba2 complex crystallized in two crystal forms. crystals of form i belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 129.0, b = 119.8, c = 33.4 å, and diffracted to 3.0 å resolution. the asymmetric ... | 2013 | 23989162 |
| [studies on the mode of action of bacterial ab5 toxins]. | bacterial ab5 toxins are proteins, produced by pathogenic bacteria including of vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae, and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, which are usually released into the extracellular medium and cause disease by killing or altering the metabolism of target eukaryotic cells. the toxins are usually composed of one a subunit (a toxic domain) and five b subunits (a receptor-binding domain). this article overviews the characteristics and mode of actions of ab5 toxins includi ... | 2013 | 23985936 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae bacteriophages isolated from the environmental waters of the lake victoria region of kenya. | over the last decade, cholera outbreaks have become common in some parts of kenya. the most recent cholera outbreak occurred in coastal and lake victoria region during january 2009 and may 2010, where a total of 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported by the ministry of public health and sanitation. the objective of this study is to isolate vibrio cholerae bacteriophages from the environmental waters of the lake victoria region of kenya with potential for use as a biocontrol for cholera outbre ... | 2014 | 23982202 |
| vibrio cholerae toxr downregulates virulence factor production in response to cyclo(phe-pro). | vibrio cholerae is an aquatic organism that causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. the ability of v. cholerae to cause disease is dependent upon the production of two critical virulence determinants, cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). the expression of the genes that encode for ct and tcp production is under the control of a hierarchical regulatory system called the toxr regulon, which functions to activate virulence gene expression in response to in vivo stimu ... | 2013 | 23982069 |
| genetic systems for monitoring interactions of transmembrane domains in bacterial membranes. | in recent years several systems have been developed to study interactions of tm domains within the inner membrane of the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli. mostly, a transmembrane domain of interest is fused to a soluble dna-binding domain, which dimerizes in e. coli cytoplasm after interactions of the transmembrane domains. the dimeric dna-binding domain subsequently binds to a promoter/operator region and thereby activates or represses a reporter gene. in 1996 the first bacterial system ... | 2013 | 23975772 |
| the function of the na+-driven flagellum of vibrio cholerae is determined by osmolality and ph. | vibrio cholerae is motile by its polar flagellum, which is driven by a na(+)-conducting motor. the stators of the motor, composed of four poma and two pomb subunits, provide access for na(+) to the torque-generating unit of the motor. to characterize the na(+) pathway formed by the pomab complex, we studied the influence of chloride salts (chaotropic, na(+), and k(+)) and ph on the motility of v. cholerae. motility decreased at elevated ph but increased if a chaotropic chloride salt was added, w ... | 2013 | 23974033 |
| draft genome sequences of vibrio cholerae o1 eltor strains 2011el-301 and p-18785, isolated in russia. | we report the draft whole-genome sequences of two vibrio cholerae o1 strains, the environmental toxigenic strain 2011el-301 and the clinical nontoxigenic strain p-18785, both isolated in russia. some basic data comparing the two against the genbank repository are provided. | 2013 | 23969060 |
| use of a cholera rapid diagnostic test during a mass vaccination campaign in response to an epidemic in guinea, 2012. | during the 2012 cholera outbreak in the republic of guinea, the ministry of health, supported by médecins sans frontières - operational center geneva, used the oral cholera vaccine shanchol as a part of the emergency response. the rapid diagnostic test (rdt) crystal vc, widely used during outbreaks, detects lipopolysaccharide antigens of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139, both included in shanchol. in the context of reactive use of a whole-cell cholera vaccine in a region where cholera cases have been ... | 2013 | 23967359 |
| murine marginal zone b cells play a role in vibrio cholerae lps antibody responses. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae (vc) lipopolysaccharide (lps) as a lead protective antigen for a cholera subunit vaccine has increased the interest in what type of b cell is best suited to generate anti-vc lps antibodies. a related question is what form of lps is the most immunogenic. c57bl/6 (b6) neonatal mice (10 days old) whose marginal zone (mz) b cell compartment is still maturing and two lines of knockout mice that either lack the signaling mechanism required for the maturation of mz b ce ... | 2014 | 23966359 |