Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [accuracy of antibiograms performed directly from urine incubation bottles of the sebac system for diagnosing bacteriuria]. | 2000 | 10846244 | |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli isolates in paediatric diarrhoea. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) are known to cause infantile enteritis. we studied the prevalence of epec in paediatric patients with acute and persistent diarrhoea. a total of 56 stool samples from paediatric patients were studied. there were 28 significant bacterial isolates. of these 21 were untypable e. coli, 5 were typable e. coli, four of which belonged to members considered to be enteropathogenic. non e. coli isolates grown in pure culture were one each of pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2000 | 10835962 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp. in poultry broilers and shell eggs in korea. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of salmonella spp. in raw broilers and shell eggs in korea. in total, 135 dozen shell eggs and 27 raw broilers were tested. none of the egg yolks were found to contain salmonella organisms but escherichia coli, escherichia hermanii, and citrobacter freundii were isolated from egg shells. salmonella spp. were detected in 25.9% of raw broilers, and salmonella serotypes isolated from raw broilers were salmonella enteritidis, salmonella virchow, and ... | 2000 | 10826725 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against a broad range of recent clinical isolates from the usa. | the antibacterial potencies of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 13 comparator compounds were determined by broth microdilution against a panel of 645 gram-positive and 995 gram-negative organisms collected from various usa sites. time-kill studies were performed and postantibiotic effect (pae) was determined for several organisms using trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin as comparator compounds. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent compound tested against gram-positive isolates: streptoco ... | 2000 | 10824027 |
| pk(a) calculations for class c beta-lactamases: the role of tyr-150. | the poisson-boltzmann method was used to compute the pk(a) values of titratable residues in a set of class c beta-lactamases. in these calculations, the pk(a) of the phenolic group of residue tyr150 is the only one to stand out with an abnormally low value of 8.3, more than one pk(a) unit lower than the measured reference value for tyrosine in solution. other important residues of the catalytic pocket, such as the conserved lys67, lys315, his314, and glu272 (hydrogen-bonded to the ammonium group ... | 2000 | 10813827 |
| molecular beacons: a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting salmonella. | molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes that become fluorescent upon hybridization. we developed a real-time pcr assay to detect the presence of salmonella species using these fluorogenic reporter molecules. a 122-base-pair section of the hima was used as the amplification target. molecular beacons were designed to recognize a 16-base-pair region on the amplicon. as few as 2 colony-forming unit (cfu) per pcr reaction could be detected. we also demonstrated the ability of the molecular beaco ... | 2000 | 10805535 |
| e. coli invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells as a pathogenetic basis of meningitis. | a major limitation to advances in prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. successful isolation and cultivation of bmec, which constitute the blood brain barrier, and the development of experimental hematogenous meningitis animal model, which mimics closely the pathogenesis of human meningitis, enabled us to dissect the pathogenetic mechanisms of bacterial meningitis. we have shown for the first time using e. coli as a pa ... | 2000 | 10804851 |
| [community-acquired bacteremic pneumonia due to citrobacter diversus]. | 2000 | 10804650 | |
| [differentiation of citrobacter strains using chromosomal dna restriction patterns]. | the aim of this study was checking of the usefulness of chromosomal dna restriction patterns in differentiation of citrobacter strains. molecular characterization of total 56 isolates of citrobacter from poland and czech republic, was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion of chromosomal dna with restriction endonuclease xba i (5'-tctaga-3'). chromosomal dna of all tested citrobacter strains gave after electrophoresis 12 to 21 bands and patterns consisting of 12 to 21 frag ... | 1999 | 10803260 |
| [differentiation of citrobacter strains using electrophoretic protein patterns]. | the aim of this study was checking of the usefulness of electrophoretic protein patterns in differentiation of citrobacter strains. for analysis of whole-cell proteins 181 citrobacter strains were prepared. electrophoresis was performed in mini protean duall slab cell (bio-rad) apparatus. electrophoresis was carried out in 10% polyacrylamide gel according to the sds-page method of laemmli. whole-cell proteins of all tested citrobacter strains gave after electrophoresis 12 to 20 bands. patterns c ... | 1999 | 10803259 |
| [taxonomy of citrobacter rods found in human specimens]. | the aim of this study was the identification of 181 citrobacter strains on the basis of the recently proposed taxonomic changes of brenner. all strains were isolated from diarrhoeic patients; 124 strains were originally sent for identification to laboratory of enterobacteriaceae db nih, 57 strains was isolated in czech republic. citrobacter isolates were initially identified as c. koseri (3 strains), c. amalonaticus (1 strain) or as members of the c. freundii complex (177 strains). additionally ... | 1999 | 10803258 |
| tuberculous false aneurysm of the femoral artery managed by endoluminal stent graft insertion. | 2000 | 10801384 | |
| murine colonic mucosa hyperproliferation. i. elevated cftr expression and enhanced camp-dependent cl(-) secretion. | fluid transport in the large intestine is mediated by the cystic fibrosis gene product and camp-dependent anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr). camp-mediated cl(-) secretion by gastrointestinal cell lines in vitro has been positively correlated with the insertion of cftr into the apical membrane of differentiated senescent colonocytes and negatively correlated with the failure of cftr to insert into the plasma membrane of their undifferentiated proliferating c ... | 2000 | 10801268 |
| structure and serologic properties of o-specific polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii possessing cross-reactivity with escherichia coli o157:h7. | citrobacter freundii ocu158 is a serologically cross-reactive strain with escherichia coli o157:h7. to explore the close relationship between two strains, we have analyzed the chemical structures of o-specific polysaccharides and antigenic properties of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of both strains. the structure of o-specific polysaccharides from both strains was found to be identical by chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, in which d-pernac was 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose: [--> ... | 2000 | 10799808 |
| isolation of yersinia enterocolitica from cases of acute appendicitis and ice-cream. | seventy (70) appendiceal specimens and 80 ice-cream samples were analysed to detect yersinia enterocolitica using three different media. both y. enterocolitica and citrobacter freundii were recovered in appendiceal specimens (17.1% and 8.6%) and ice-cream (26.25% and 18.75%) respectively. thioglycollate medium was more selective and productive in isolating yersinia. y. enterocolitica was the major causative agent of acute appendicitis (11/25, 44%). it was sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin ... | 1999 | 10793790 |
| treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance v24 in cattle dung water. | quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern slovakia districts. the inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract cbe v24 from enterococcus faecalis v24 against listeria monocytogenes ohio and yersinia enterocolitica ye85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal s ... | 2000 | 10792671 |
| [detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae in feces]. | a study was made of 366 feces for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae from feces. the selective agar was used for modified drigalski agar (eiken chemical co., ltd) with 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxime (esbl screen agar). 92 strains of enterobacteriaceae, 41 escherichia coli, 15 citrobacter freundii, 13 enterobacter cloacae, 11 klebsiella pneumoniae, and other 12, were isolated from esbl screen agar. and, r-plasmid that were selected by 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxim ... | 2000 | 10783580 |
| ascending cholangitis as a cause of pyogenic liver abscesses complicated by a gastric submucosal abscess and fistula. | ruptures of nonamebic (pyogenic) liver abscesses into the thorax and peritoneum are very uncommon; but, hepatoduodenal and hepatocolonic fistulas are ever more rare. we report a case where ascending cholangitis was associated with pyogenic liver abscess formation and a gastric fistula. drainage into the stomach was demonstrated by gastroduodenal endoscopy for gastric bleeding. after fistula formation, we could successfully treat the inflammation caused by infection of citrobacter freundii and ca ... | 2000 | 10777197 |
| citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase: the role of asparagine 185 in modulating enzyme function through stabilization of a quinonoid intermediate. | asn185 is an invariant residue in all known sequences of tpl and of closely related tryptophanase and it may be aligned with the asn194 in aspartate aminotransferase. according to x-ray data, in the holoenzyme and in the michaelis complex asn185 does not interact with the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, but in the external aldimine a conformational change occurs which is accompanied by formation of a hydrogen bond between asn185 and the oxygen atom in position 3 of the cofactor. the substitutio ... | 2000 | 10775663 |
| [the structure and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of community-acquired infectious diseases of bacterial origin in children]. | four hundred and forty pediatric patients at the age of 7 days to 15 years with various infections admitted to the hospital within a month were examined. the biological material was inoculated to blood agar on the first days of the patient admittance to the hospital and after the growth the organisms were isolated and identified. antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assayed with the disk diffusion method. 479 strains in all were tested. the most frequent cases requiring hospitalization ... | 2000 | 10768061 |
| use of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside for the isolation of beta-galactosidase-positive bacteria from municipal water supplies. | a new medium, mx-gal, has been developed for the membrane filter enumeration of beta-galactosidase-positive bacteria in municipal water supplies. mx-gal medium contains the chromogenic beta-galactosidase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal). all aeromonas, citrobacter, and enterobacter strains isolated from raw water on mx-gal medium were beta-galactosidase positive. in contrast, only 10 to 20% of these strains produced a red colony with a metallic sheen on m-end ... | 1993 | 10755843 |
| citrobacter diversus urosepsis and cerebral abscess in a child with antenatal hydronephrosis. | one percent of all pregnancies are found to have an antenatal abnormality; of these, 20% involve the genitourinary system. today, controversy still exists regarding the postnatal management of some antenatal abnormalities detected by ultrasound. we present a case in which antenatal hydronephrosis initially detected by ultrasound appeared to resolve in utero. postnatally, the child developed citrobacter diversus urosepsis, meningitis, and cerebral abscess. voiding cystourethrogram obtained after ... | 1999 | 10754158 |
| in vitro susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to chlorhexidine gluconate. | to investigate the susceptibility of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria to chlorhexidine gluconate. | 1999 | 10750501 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii | 2000 | 10747842 | |
| in vitro selected fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of citrobacter freundii: analysis of the quinolone resistance acquisition. | ten quinolone-resistant mutants of citrobacter freundii, which were selected in vitro with fluoroquinolones from two clinical isolates, were studied. the parent isolates were susceptible to quinolones in spite of showing a single substitution in the gyrb (his-417 --> leu). no change was observed in the outer membrane proteins or in the lipopolysaccharide in any of the ten mutants studied with respect to their parent isolates. the development of quinolone resistance in selected mutants was associ ... | 2000 | 10747831 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration determinations for various antimicrobial agents against 1570 bacterial isolates from turkey poults. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for 1570 bacteria from eight geographic locations (1204 escherichia coli, 231 other enteric gram-negative bacilli [including citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and salmonella spp.], 31 pseudomonas spp., 18 coagulase-positive staphylococci, 26 coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 55 streptococci and enterococci) by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards broth microdilution procedure. antim ... | 2000 | 10737648 |
| the prevalence of gentamicin resistance among clinical isolates of enterobacteria in a danish region. | the susceptibility of enterobacteria to gentamicin was studied in the county of north jutland during 1993-1998. a total of 378 patients had a first-time gentamicin-resistant isolate. the annual number rose from 34 patients in 1993 to 89 in 1998. the prevalence of resistance per 1000 patients with isolates examined was 13.5 for escherichia coli, 15.8 for klebsiella pneumoniae, 26.1 for klebsiella oxytoca, and 150.4 for citrobacter freundii. e. coli accounted for 67% of gentamicin-resistant isolat ... | 2000 | 10737460 |
| biodetoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating industry wastewater. | a bacterial consortium capable of utilizing metal-cyanides as a source of nitrogen was used to develop a microbiological process for the detoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating wastewater. when the treatment was carried out in a 27-l rotating biological contactor (r3c) in continuous mode, the system could achieve > 99.5% removal of 0.1 mmol l(-1) silver-cyanide (approximately 5 mg l(-1) cyanide and 10 mg l(-1) silver) in 10 h with sugarcane molasses (0.1 ml l(-1)) as carbon source. ... | 2000 | 10728557 |
| comparable endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides are manifest in diverse clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. | in general there is a poor correlation between serum lipopolysaccharide (lps; the biologically active constituent of endotoxin) levels and mortality in septic patients. the objective of this study was to determine if chemical, structural, or biological differences among lps from different clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria might explain this discrepancy. lps preparations were made using the hot phenol-water extraction method from eight clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. as a p ... | 2000 | 10722580 |
| the nose as bacterial reservoir: important differences between the vestibule and cavity. | the difference between the spectra of potential bacterial pathogens (pbps) in the nasal vestibule and cavity has not been taken into account in clinical studies. | 2000 | 10718432 |
| comparative effects of moxifloxacin and clarithromycin on the normal intestinal microflora. | twelve healthy male subjects age range 24-40 y participated in the investigation. the trial was divided into 2 35-d periods. the 2 treatment regimens were: (i) 1 x 400 mg moxifloxacin tablet in the morning and 1 placebo tablet in the evening for 7 d; and (ii) 1 x 500 mg clarithromycin tablet in the morning and 1 x 500 mg clarithromycin tablet in the evening for 7 d. each subject received firstly i treatment regimen and secondly the other treatment regimen. the wash-out period was 6 weeks between ... | 2000 | 10716083 |
| pyridoxal 5'-phoshate schiff base in citrobacter freundii tyrosinephenol-lyase. ionic and tautomeric equilibria. | spectral properties of the internal schiff base in tyrosine phenol-lyase have been investigated in the presence of an activating cation k+ and a cation-inhibitor na+. the holoenzyme absorption spectra in the ph range 6.5-8.7 were recorded in the presence of k+. no apparent pka value of the coenzyme chromophore was found in this ph range, indicating that the internal schiff base does not change its ionic form on going from ph 6.5 to 8.7. to determine the ionic state and tautomeric composition of ... | 2000 | 10712616 |
| [the resistance of recent clinical isolates against isepamycin, other aminoglycosides and injectable beta-lactams]. | clinical isolates collected from clinical facilities across japan in 1998 were tested against five aminoglycosides and three beta-lactams. the resistance of 50 strains each of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter sp., serratia sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus sp. (p. mirabilis 25 strains and p. vulgaris 25 strains) to the amino ... | 2000 | 10709145 |
| intestinal pathogen or ibd, same t-cell response. | 2000 | 10701154 | |
| mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis. | 12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ... | 2000 | 10697784 |
| occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteriaceae isolated from a group of jordanian patients with community acquired urinary tract infections. | the type and antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens may differ in various communities. of 207 isolates recovered from midstream urine specimens collected from a group of patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (uti), 86% were species of enterobacteriaceae. the most frequently recovered pathogens were escherichia coli (82%), klebsiella spp. (7.3%), proteus spp. (6.2%), enterobacter spp. (3.4%) and citrobacter spp. (1.1%). high rates of resistance were found against am ... | 2000 | 10697742 |
| adult citrobacter freundii meningitis: case report. | citrobacter is a distinct group of gram-negative bacilli belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. central nervous system (cns) infections due to citrobacter are uncommon, though they occur more frequently in neonates and young children. in adults, citrobacter meningitis is extremely unusual with only 6 cases reported in the literature before 1998. this rare cns infection has been seen in patients with head trauma, following neurosurgical procedures, and in those who are immunocompromised. of ... | 1999 | 10695216 |
| specificity of a conductance assay for enumeration of escherichia coli from broiler carcass rinse samples containing genetically similar species. | experiments were conducted to evaluate the specificity of a rapid method for enumeration of escherichia coli from fresh broiler chicken carcasses. in three separate trials, e. coli, citrobacter freundii, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei were serially diluted and then inoculated into identical broiler chicken carcass rinses. inoculated rinses were mixed with double-strength coliform medium supplemented with 2% dextrose. this mixture was placed in a bactometer module in duplicate, and c ... | 2000 | 10678434 |
| the yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (hpi) is present in pathogenic yersinia. this 35 to 45 kb island carries genes involved in synthesis, regulation and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin. recently, the hpi was also detected in various strains of escherichia coli. in this study, the distribution of the hpi in the family enterobacteriaceae was investigated. among the 67 isolates pertaining to 18 genera and 52 species tested, nine (13.4%) harbored the island. these iso ... | 2000 | 10675599 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in eight medical centers in thailand. the thailand antimicrobial resistance study group. | the introduction of cephalosporins has had an important impact on the resistance rates to several clinically utilized beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. most thailand medical centers have not documented the levels of emerging resistant pathogens causing invasive infections. this study shows using reference-quality mic techniques (etest, ab biodisk, solna, sweden), that carbapenem), "fourth-generation" cephalosporins (cefepime and cefpirome), and piperacillin/tazobactam were the most active agents ... | 1999 | 10668592 |
| in vitro evaluation of broad-spectrum beta-lactams tested in medical centers in korea: role of fourth-generation cephalosporins. the korean antimicrobial resistance study group. | levels of resistance to the "third-generation" cephalosporins among isolates of clinical bacteria in korea have been increasing at a rapid rate. this study evaluated the activity of cefepime, a "fourth-generation" cephalosporin, and six other broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobials (cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam 4 micrograms/ml fixed concentration[, oxacillin) against 404 isolates of clinical bacteria from korea. susceptibility profiles of each isolate ... | 1999 | 10668591 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in 22 medical centers in japan: a phase ii trial comparing two annual organism samples. the japan antimicrobial resistance study group. | an antimicrobial resistance surveillance study in japan is presented representing the second year (phase ii) results from 22 medical centers. each participant laboratory tested (etest, ab biodisk, solna, sweden) 100 organisms, 10 strains each from 10 species groups including escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., indole-positive proteae, serratia spp., acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negati ... | 1999 | 10668590 |
| in vitro evaluation of broad-spectrum beta-lactams in the philippines medical centers: role of fourth-generation cephalosporins. the philippines antimicrobial resistance study group. | cefepime is a potent broad-spectrum "fourth-generation" cephalosporin. the in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam in a multilaboratory (nine medical centers) philippine surveillance project from march through october 1998. a total of 626 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (10 species groups) were tested by the etest method (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) with results validated by current quality control ... | 1999 | 10668588 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams for isolates in malaysia and singapore medical centers. the malaysia/singapore antimicrobial resistance study group. | the degree of activity of several beta-lactam antimicrobial agents was assessed in malaysia (four medical centers) and singapore (two medical centers) tested against 570 clinical isolates. the organisms were tested locally by the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) method, validated by concurrent use of quality assurance strains (94.1% accurate performance overall). ten groups of bacteria were tested against cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, oxacillin, and imi ... | 1999 | 10668586 |
| association of qace and qacedelta1 with multiple resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. | clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested for resistance to antibiotics and to the antiseptics benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. furthermore, they were examined for the presence of the resistance genes qace and qacedelta1. qacedelta1 was detected by pcr in 10% of all (n=103) and in 81% of multiply antibiotic-resistant strains (n=15). qace was found in only one of 37 p. aeruginosa s ... | 2000 | 10650208 |
| fragmentation of 23s rrna in strains of proteus and providencia results from intervening sequences in the rrn (rrna) genes. | intervening sequences (ivss) were originally identified in the rrl genes for 23s rrna (rrl genes, for large ribosomal subunit, part of rrn operon encoding rrna) of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium lt2 and arizonae. these sequences are transcribed but later removed during rnase iii processing of the rrna, resulting in fragmentation of the 23s species; ivss are uncommon, but have been reported in at least 10 bacterial genera. through pcr amplification of ivs-containing regions of the rrl g ... | 2000 | 10648538 |
| decreased production of ampc-type beta-lactamases associated with the development of resistance to quinolones in citrobacter freundii strains. | the effect of fluoroquinolones in citrobacter freundii strains that results in a decreased expression of cephalosporin-hydrolysing beta-lactamases was studied. resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins in two c. freundii clinical isolates was associated with moderate production of chromosomal ampc-type-beta-lactamase in addition to changes in the outer membrane proteins profile with respect to wild-type c. freundii strains. ten quinolone-resistant mutants were derived from the ... | 1999 | 10647079 |
| predictive value of urinary cultures in assessment of microbial colonization of ureteral stents. | bacterial colonization of indwelling ureteral stents may serve as a nidus for bacteriuria in operations where stents are manipulated. the predictive value of urine cultures in the assessment of stent colonization was examined in 65 patients with indwelling ureteral stents. | 1999 | 10646680 |
| [the colonization resistance of the mucous membrane of the large intestine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a period of exacerbation]. | specific and quantitative compositions of the colon mucous microflora in 36 patients with rheumatic arthritis (ra) in the remission period were studied. the mucous membrane of healthy people is colonized by bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, escherichia and enterococci. the mucous membrane in such people is mainly colonized by aerobic opportunistic conventionally pathogenic enterobacteria (enteropathogenic escherichia, citrobacter [correction of cytobacter], enterobacter, klebsiella, etc ... | 1999 | 10643276 |
| intestinal protozoa in hiv-infected patients: effect of rifaximin in cryptosporidium parvum and blastocystis hominis infections. | in hiv-1 infected patients severe enteritis and chronic diarrhea are often documented as a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. we analyzed 48 hiv-1 positive patients for the presence of intestinal pathogenic protozoa. patients with cd4 > or = 200/mm3 showed a higher prevalence of a single pathogenic protozoa than patients with cd4 < or =200/mm3, who showed the presence of multiple protozoal infections. patients who proved positive for only a single protozoa, cryptosporidium or blas ... | 1999 | 10632386 |
| sub-mic ciprofloxacin effect on fimbrial production by uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | the urine from 210 patients with acute urinary tract infection (uti) was examined to study the in vitro effect of ciprofloxacin on fimbriae production by uropathogenic escherichia coli isolates. forty-nine bacterial samples of density 10(5) cfu/ml were not considered. from the resulting 161 samples, e. coli was the major strain found, present in 54 samples. other microoganisms found were: enterococcus sp. (34 samples), staphylococcus epidermis (22), yeasts (11), proteus sp. (11), pseudomonas sp. ... | 1999 | 10632381 |
| [the results of a multicenter study of the comparative activity of cefepime and other antibiotics against the causative agents of severe hospital infections (the micromax program)]. | a multicentre trial was performed on the activity of cefepime in comparison with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin against severe hospital infection pathogens in intensive care units. the isolates of escherichia coli and proteus spp. from the majority of the centres were highly susceptible to the antibiotics (90 to 100 per cent of the isolates). in some centres up to 40 per cent of the isolates produced esbl. the isolates of klebsiella spp. were charac ... | 1999 | 10629736 |
| multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 823 bacteria in 11 colombian hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study conducted in 1997. the organisms tested included 532 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 108 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 94 acinetobacter species, and 89 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 1999 | 10626135 |
| convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. | a simple disk diffusion test was constructed for detection of imp-1-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria. two kirby-bauer disks containing ceftazidime (caz) and a filter disk containing a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor were used in this test. several imp-1 inhibitors such as thiol compounds including 2-mercaptopropionic acid, heavy metal salts, and edta were evaluated for this test. two caz disks were placed on a mueller-hinton agar plate on which a bacterial suspension ... | 2000 | 10618060 |
| comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above mic at different creatinine clearances. | to compare the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (t>mic) for five parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial bacterial pathogens at different creatinine clearances (clcr). | 1999 | 10600088 |
| gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adult post-neurosurgical patients. | to assess the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) in adult postneurosurgical patients. | 1999 | 10595761 |
| the complexed structure and antimicrobial activity of a non-beta-lactam inhibitor of ampc beta-lactamase. | beta-lactamases are the major resistance mechanism to beta-lactam antibiotics and pose a growing threat to public health. recently, bacteria have become resistant to beta-lactamase inhibitors, making this problem pressing. in an effort to overcome this resistance, non-beta-lactam inhibitors of beta-lactamases were investigated for complementarity to the structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli. this led to the discovery of an inhibitor, benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid (bzbth2b), w ... | 1999 | 10595535 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. | the presence of gyra, gyrb and/or parc mutations, quinolone uptake, outer membrane protein profiles and epidemiological relationship were studied in 12 clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. no alterations were observed in the gyrb gene of any of the strains, or gyra or parc of the four quinolone-susceptible strains (nalidixic acid mic of 2-4 mg/l, and a ciprofloxacin mic of 0.006-0.06 mg/l). the quinolone-resistant strains were classified into two groups: one group (group a) composed of str ... | 1999 | 10590274 |
| concurrent outbreaks of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in a warsaw hospital. | the increasing use of broader-spectrum cephalosporins in the first half of the 1990s has become one of the major factors responsible for the high rate of selection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing microorganisms in polish hospitals. thirty-five isolates of seven different species of the family enterobacteriaceae were identified as esbl producers, over a 4 month period, in one of warsaw's hospitals between the end of 1996 and the beginning of 1997. sixteen per cent of all kleb ... | 1999 | 10588311 |
| activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. | the in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (nfc) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (mdr) clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar di ... | 1999 | 10582894 |
| multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in venezuela: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. venezuelan antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 502 bacteria in seven venezuelan hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study performed in 1997. the organisms tested included 309 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 70 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 69 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended spectrum beta-lac ... | 1999 | 10579096 |
| evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefepime compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactams tested against recent clinical isolates from 10 chinese hospitals. chinese antimicrobial resistance study group. | a surveillance study was initiated in china in 1998 in which 10 medical centers participated. the susceptibility profiles of 996 commonly occurring pathogens belonging to 10 different species groups were tested by the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) against six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin or oxacillin). quality control was closely monitored and cefepime- and/or imipenem-resistant enteroba ... | 1999 | 10579094 |
| resolution of high-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus strains with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. | the use of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate in polyacrylamide separation gels allowed the resolution in several bands of high-molecular-mass components in smooth lipopolysaccharide of bacterial outer membrane from escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus. with or without 0.1% sds, however, such a result was not possible. | 2000 | 10576704 |
| epidemic infection caused by citrobacter rodentium in a gerbil colony. | non-motile, gram-negative rods, isolated from the intestinal tract and kidney of several dead animals in a gerbil colony, were identified as citrobacter rodentium (formerly included in c. freundii species) on the basis of 31 biochemical tests. the isolates were tested against 40 antimicrobial agents and were all susceptible to ticarcillin plus clavulanate, ceftazidime and most of the quinolones studied, but were all resistant to most of the penicillins and aminoglycosides tested, and to fosfomyc ... | 1999 | 10574274 |
| detection and reporting of organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: survey of laboratories in connecticut. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. they are most common in klebsiella spp. and escherichia coli but are present in a variety of enterobacteriaceae. resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. ampc beta-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of enterobacter and citrobacter spp. and also med ... | 1999 | 10565933 |
| the phylogenetic position of serratia, buttiauxella and some other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 38 species from 15 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae were investigated by comparative 16s rdna analysis. several sequences of strains from the genera citrobacter, erwinia, pantoea, proteus, rahnella and serratia, analysed in this study, have been analysed previously. however, as the sequences of this study differ slightly from the published ones, they were included in the analysis. of the 23 enterobacterial genera included in an overvie ... | 1999 | 10555323 |
| structural studies of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei strain pcm 1207 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the o-specific side-chain of the hafnia alvei strain pcm 1207 lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been investigated. methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms, fast atom bombardment (fab)-ms/ms and 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy were the principal methods used. glycerol phosphate was identified as a constituent in the polysaccharide and the following structure of a pentasaccharide repeating unit was establishe ... | 1999 | 10542050 |
| regulation of inducible ampc beta-lactamase expression among enterobacteriaceae. | ampc ss-lactamases are active-site serine enzymes that are primarily cephalosporinases. in many gram negative organisms, including enterobacter spp.,citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, the expression of chromosomal ampc genes is low but inducible in response to ss-lactams and other stimuli. the current working model for ampc induction requires exposure of bacterial cells to ss-lactam drugs or other stimuli and is linked to the cell wall recy ... | 1999 | 10539994 |
| the genetic structure of enteric bacteria from australian mammals. | a total of 246 isolates representing five species of the family enterobacteriaceae, taken from a variety of australian mammal species, were characterized using multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. genome diversity estimates varied significantly among species, with the klebsiella pneumoniae sample exhibiting the lowest diversity and the citrobacter freundii sample the highest. multi-locus linkage disequilibrium estimates revealed that alleles were non-randomly associated in all five species sample ... | 1999 | 10537189 |
| the distribution of enteric bacteria from australian mammals: host and geographical effects. | bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 642 mammalian hosts, representing 16 families and 79 species, collected from throughout australia. escherichia coli was the most common of the 24 enteric species recovered and represented almost half of the isolates. association analysis revealed that most other species of bacteria were less likely to be recovered from hosts in which e. coli was present. the composition of the enteric community of a host was found to be determined by b ... | 1999 | 10537188 |
| citrobacter rodentium espb is necessary for signal transduction and for infection of laboratory mice. | citrobacter rodentium is the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia and contains a locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) similar to that found in enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). epec espb is necessary for intimate attachment and signal transduction between epec and cultured cell monolayers. mice challenged with wild-type c. rodentium develop a mucosal immunoglobulin a response to espb. in this study, c. rodentium espb has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence has ... | 1999 | 10531262 |
| citrobacter urinary tract infections in children. | citrobacter species have been described as the etiologic agents in cases of bacteremia, meningitis, diarrhea and brain abscess, but little is known of their role as a cause of urinary tract infections in children. the purpose of this study was to define the role of citrobacter species in pediatric urinary tract infections. | 1999 | 10530585 |
| multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for seven broad-spectrum beta-lactams in turkey using the etest method. turkish antimicrobial resistance study group. | from march through july 1997, a nine laboratory surveillance project was initiated in turkey to monitor the potency and spectrum of seven broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, aztreonam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanate) tested against approximately 100 organisms (average 82; range 70 to 95 isolates) per participant center (736 strains). eleven groups of organisms were tested by the etest method (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) with resul ... | 1999 | 10529883 |
| in vitro susceptibility to pexiganan of bacteria isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers. | during two clinical trials involving the treatment of 835 outpatients with infected diabetic foot ulcers, 2515 bacterial isolates, including 2337 aerobes and 178 anaerobes, were grown from cultures of the ulcers. the in vitro susceptibility of these isolates was determined to pexiganan, a peptide anti-infective evaluated in these clinical trials, and to other classes of antibiotics. pexiganan demonstrated broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and a ... | 1999 | 10529881 |
| the use of chromagar orientation as a primary isolation medium with presumptive identification for the routine screening of urine specimens. | the aim of the study was to compare the use of a novel differential culture medium chromagar, for both primary isolation and presumptive identificaton, with the method currently used in our laboratory for screening mid-stream-urine samples (msu). routine methods (rm) included blotting paper imprinting of all specimens and additional quantitative culture on cysteine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar (cled) for selected samples together with microbact 12e for further identification. the chromagar ... | 1999 | 10519322 |
| quorum-sensing cross talk: isolation and chemical characterization of cyclic dipeptides from pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. | in cell-free pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatants, we identified two compounds capable of activating an n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) biosensor. mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy revealed that these compounds were not ahls but the diketopiperazines (dkps), cyclo(deltaala-l-val) and cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) respectively. these compounds were also found in cell-free supernatants from proteus mirabilis, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter agglomerans [cyclo(deltaala-l-val) only]. although ... | 1999 | 10510239 |
| phylogenetic analysis of l4-mediated autogenous control of the s10 ribosomal protein operon. | we investigated the regulation of the s10 ribosomal protein (r-protein) operon among members of the gamma subdivision of the proteobacteria, which includes escherichia coli. in e. coli, this 11-gene operon is autogenously controlled by r-protein l4. this regulation requires specific determinants within the untranslated leader of the mrna. secondary structure analysis of the s10 leaders of five enterobacteria (salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, yersinia enterocolitica, serratia marcesc ... | 1999 | 10498727 |
| [citrobacter freundii endocarditis]. | infection by citrobacter appears in man only in certain circumstances, since it usually acts as contaminant or colonizer. bacteraemia by this bacillus can affect immunodeficient people, elderly people or those patients who have undergone invasive hospital processes. although incidence of bacteraemia is low (0.3-0.9%), the death rate is very high, about 48%. this bacillus is seldom the cause of endocarditis. that is why we describe a case of endocarditis by citrobacter freundii, in an aged person ... | 1999 | 10481339 |
| [bacteriological and clinical break points: evaluation of the usefulness of cefozopran based on mic]. | drug sensitivity of clinically isolated bacteria to cefozopran (czop), which is a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated, and the usefulness of the drug was evaluated from the viewpoint of bacteriological and clinical (pneumonia) break points. the following results were obtained. 1. according to bacteriological break points, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and enterococcus spp. showed low sensitivity to cefozopran (czop). however, the sensitivity of methicillin-sensitive stap ... | 1999 | 10480051 |
| in vitro activity of newer broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters: a report from austrian intensive care units. austrian carbapenem susceptibility surveillance group. | we compared the in vitro activity of broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics against 573 gram-negative isolates (enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters) collected between november 1996 and may 1997 from 9 laboratories serving intensive care units throughout austria. mic's (minimal inhibitory concentration) were obtained with the e-test for meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome and piperacillin/tazobactam. pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism (22%), follo ... | 1999 | 10467641 |
| use of pna oligonucleotides for the in situ detection of escherichia coli in water. | a species-specific peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligonucleotide probe directed against the v(1)region of the 16s rrna molecule was synthesized for the detection of escherichia coli in water. the specificity of the probe was tested in dot blot hybridizations against a number of environmental isolates including those from the genera escherichia, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter. in situ hybridization experiments were performed with biotinylated pna oligonucleotide probes with subsequent dete ... | 1999 | 10441198 |
| role of permeability in the activities of beta-lactams against gram-negative bacteria which produce a group 3 beta-lactamase. | the production of a group 3 beta-lactamase permitted escherichia coli to raise the mics of ceftazidime, cefpirome, and meropenem greatly but those of imipenem and piperacillin only slightly. the ratios of maximum rate of hydrolysis to k(m) of ceftazidime, cefpirome, and piperacillin were lower than those of meropenem and imipenem for the group 3 beta-lactamase. the permeability coefficients for piperacillin and meropenem were higher than those for ceftazidime and cefpirome. imipenem had the high ... | 1999 | 10428944 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of syn2190, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor. | syn2190, a monobactam derivative containing 1,5-dihydroxy-4-pyridone as the c-3 side chain, is a potent inhibitor of group 1 beta-lactamase. the concentrations of inhibitor needed to reduce the initial rate of hydrolysis of substrate by 50% for syn2190 against these enzymes were in the range of 0.002 to 0.01 microm. these values were 220- to 850-fold lower than those of tazobactam. syn2190 showed in vitro synergy with ceftazidime and cefpirome. this synergy was dependent on the concentration of ... | 1999 | 10428909 |
| biodegradation of tannic acid by citrobacter freundii isolated from a tannery effluent. | a bacterial strain capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon source was isolated from the effluent of a tannery and was identified as citrobacter freundii. this organism could grow at concentrations as high as 5% (w/v) of tannic acid and produced extracellular tannase to hydrolyze the same. when grown in minimal medium containing 1% tannic acid (w/v) at 30 degrees c, this strain produced 1.87 u/ml of tannase at 6 h. at that time, tannic acid degradation products, namely glucose and gallic ... | 1999 | 10427737 |
| [the clinico-morphological characteristics of salmonellosis typhimurium in children]. | clinical and morphological features were studied of the course of gastrointestinal and generalized forms of salmonellosis. the grave gastrointestinal form runs its course against the unfavourable premorbid background getting associated with other flora: proteus, citrobacter, klebsiella, staphylococcus aureus. a distinguishing feature of the generalized form is its variegated clinical symptomatology. noted in some instances is an acute onset of the illness with a clinical picture of purulent meni ... | 1999 | 10424015 |
| role of bacterial intimin in colonic hyperplasia and inflammation. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) cells adhere to gut epithelial cells through intimin alpha: the ligand for a bacterially derived epithelial transmembrane protein called the translocated intimin receptor. citrobacter rodentium colonizes the mouse colon in a similar fashion and uses a different intimin: intimin beta. intimin alpha was found to costimulate submitogenic signals through the t cell receptor. dead intimin beta+ c. rodentium, intimin alpha-transfected c. rodentium or e. coli st ... | 1999 | 10417389 |
| citrobacter freundii invades and replicates in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a disease with unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. citrobacter spp. cause neonatal meningitis but are unique in their frequent association with brain abscess formation. the pathogenesis of citrobacter spp. causing meningitis and brain abscess is not well characterized; however, as with other meningitis-causing bacteria (e.g., escherichia coli k1 and group b streptococci), penetration of t ... | 1999 | 10417193 |
| biochemical identification of citrobacter species defined by dna hybridization and description of citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 10) and citrobacter murliniae sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 11). | recent work describing six named species and two unnamed genomospecies within citrobacter has enlarged the genus to 11 species. dna relatedness and phenotypic tests were used to determine how well these species can be identified. one hundred thirty-six strains were identified to species level by dna relatedness and then identified phenotypically in a blinded fashion. by using conventional tests, 119 of the 136 strains (88%) were correctly identified to species level. three additional strains (2% ... | 1999 | 10405411 |
| susceptibility to levofloxacin of clinical isolates of bacteria from intensive care and haematology/oncology patients in switzerland: a multicentre study. | the objective of this study was to examine the susceptibility of clinical isolates to levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone with extended activity against gram-positive bacteria, and other antibiotics in 12 swiss clinical microbiology laboratories using the nccls disc diffusion technique. isolates were prospectively collected from intensive care units (icus (59%), oncology wards (7%) and other units with haematology/oncology patients (34%) from june 1995 to march 1996. the levofloxacin breakpoints use ... | 1999 | 10404338 |
| the bacteriology of neonatal septicaemia in ile-ife, nigeria. | the incidence of septicaemia among neonates categorized as being at high risk was 55 per cent in ile-ife, nigeria. gram-positive organisms, specifically staphylococcus aureus, were predominant (33.8 per cent) among bacteria cultured from proven cases of septicaemia. other coagulase-negative staphylococci also contributed 21 per cent, with staphylococcus epidermidis occurring in 5 per cent of the isolates. listeria monocytogenes was cultured from 8.4 per cent of septic neonates. pseudomonas aerug ... | 1999 | 10401192 |
| [a consideration on the results of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities--gram-negative bacilli]. | the results of the semi-annual nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities, conducted by the japanese ministry of health and welfare during the period of january 1993 to july 1995, were analyzed for typical gram-negative bacilli in the purpose of provision of an index for antimicrobial selection. during these 3 years, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes and proteus mirabilis showed slightly increasing tendency in susceptibility to fosfomycin (fom) and cit ... | 1999 | 10396690 |
| live/dead baclight : application of a new rapid staining method for direct enumeration of viable and total bacteria in drinking water. | a rapid epifluorescence staining method using the live/dead bacterial viability kit (baclight) was applied to estimate both viable and total counts of bacteria in drinking water. baclight is composed of two nucleic acid-binding stains: syto 9 and propidium iodide. syto 9 penetrates all bacterial membranes and stains the cells green, while propidium iodide only penetrates cells with damaged membranes, and the combination of the two stains produces red fluorescing cells. optimal incubation conditi ... | 1999 | 10395466 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. | ninety-three patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital, over a period of 12 years. among them, eight showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, accounting for 9% of the total gnbm cases and 29% of the postneurosurgical gnbm cases. the resistant pathogens included acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and morganella morganii. these eight patients, six males and two females aged 18-61 ... | 1999 | 10378134 |
| bacterial pollution of cutting fluids: a risk factor for occupational diseases. | an outbreak of occupational diseases involving 38 metal workers with local infections on the hands and the face (53%), bronchitis (29%), and bronchopneumonia (18%) urged an examination of 150 samples of emulsions which the workers used in processing metals. among the isolated bacteria, the most frequent was pseudomonas aeruginosa (48%), followed by escherichia coli (44%), proteus spp. (11%), enterococcus faecalis (9%), enterobacter aerogenes (7%), citrobacter spp. (5%), shigella spp., staphyloco ... | 1998 | 10376355 |
| clinical problems of sloths (bradypus sp. and choloepus sp.) in captivity. | a 20-yr retrospective study of disease prevalence was carried out for 51 sloths (34 bradypus sp. and 17 choloepus sp.) at the são paulo zoo. a total of 81 clinical disorders were detected, including nutritional (45.7%), digestive (12.3%), and respiratory (12.3%) problems and injuries (6.1%). a definitive diagnosis was not possible in 8.6% of the cases. the incidence of disease varied according to seasonal climate (winter, 32.5%; spring, 24%; summer, 22.9%; autumn, 20.5%), time in captivity (96.4 ... | 1999 | 10367647 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents tested against over 2,000 clinical isolates from 22 medical centers in japan. japan antimicrobial resistance study group. | numerous broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents have been introduced into medical practice since 1985. although several of these compounds have advanced, infectious disease therapy resistances to them has also emerged world-wide. in 1997, a japanese 22 medical center investigation was initiated to assess the continued utility of these agents (oxacillin or piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome, cefoperazone/sulbactam [c/s], imipenem). the participating medical centers represente ... | 1999 | 10354863 |
| use of microdilution panels with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors as a phenotypic test for beta-lactamase production among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. | over the past decade, a number of new beta-lactamases have appeared in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae that, unlike their predecessors, do not confer beta-lactam resistance that is readily detected in routine antibiotic susceptibility tests. because optimal methodologies are needed to detect these important new beta-lactamases, a study was designed to evaluate the ability of a panel of various beta-lactam antibiotics tested alone and in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors to discr ... | 1999 | 10348759 |
| characterization and nucleotide sequence of a klebsiella oxytoca cryptic plasmid encoding a cmy-type beta-lactamase: confirmation that the plasmid-mediated cephamycinase originated from the citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase. | plasmid ptkh11, originally obtained by electroporation of a klebsiella oxytoca plasmid preparation into escherichia coli xac, expressed a high level of an ampc-like beta-lactamase. the enzyme, designated cmy-5, conferred resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams in e. coli; nevertheless, the phenotype was cryptic in the k. oxytoca donor. determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of ptkh11 revealed that the 8,193-bp plasmid encoded seven open reading frames, including that for the cmy- ... | 1999 | 10348751 |
| the serodiagnosis of infections caused by verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and haemorrhagic colitis (hc) produce serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of escherichia coli o157 and certain other e. coli serogroups. patients may also make salivary antibodies to the lps of e. coli o157. serological tests based on these antibodies can be used to provide evidence of infection in the absence of culturable vtec or the toxins they produce. serum antibodies to lps persist for several months following onset of disease, ... | 1999 | 10347867 |
| metabolism of l(-)-carnitine by enterobacteriaceae under aerobic conditions. | different enterobacteriaceae, such as escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis, are able to convert l(-)-carnitine, via crotonobetaine, into gamma-butyrobetaine in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources under aerobic conditions. intermediates of l(-)-carnitine metabolism (crotonobetaine, gamma-butyrobetaine) could be detected by thin-layer chromatography. in parallel, l(-)-carnitine dehydratase, carnitine racemasing system and crotonobetaine reductase activities were determi ... | 1999 | 10339822 |