Publications

restoring the selectivity of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar for the isolation of campylobacter species using tazobactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor.	extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli have emerged as a contaminant on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) when attempting to selectively isolate campylobacter spp. from poultry. e. coli are particularly problematic given their ability to grow under microaerophilic conditions and have been shown to outcompete campylobacter species making campylobacter detection or enumeration difficult. this paper recommends a novel method for restoring the selectiv ...	2015	26119190
use of caprylic acid in broiler chickens: effect on campylobacter jejuni.	the effect of caprylic acid (ca) on campylobacter jejuni in chickens was evaluated using two approaches: dietary supplementation or surface treatment of chilled chicken carcasses. to analyze the dietary effect of ca, individually housed broiler chickens (n = 48) were artificially infected with c. jejuni vfu612 (10(6) colony-forming units [cfu]/bird) on the 21st and 35th days of life. dietary ca (2.5 and 5 g/kg of feed, fed throughout the entire experiment) significantly decreased c. jejuni shedd ...	2015	26114373
lengths of orthologous prokaryotic proteins are affected by evolutionary factors.	proteins of the same functional family (for example, kinases) may have significantly different lengths. it is an open question whether such variation in length is random or it appears as a response to some unknown evolutionary driving factors. the main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate existence of factors affecting prokaryotic gene lengths. we believe that the ranking of genomes according to lengths of their genes, followed by the calculation of coefficients of association between genome ...	2015	26114113
whole-genome sequencing of brevundimonas diminuta xgc1, isolated from a tuberculosis patient in gujarat, india.	we report the draft genome of brevundimonas diminuta strain xgc1, isolated from a tuberculosis-infected patient in gujarat, india. this study also reveals that the b. diminuta xgc1 strain has acquired mutation to confer resistance to quinolone drugs.	2015	26112790
potential impact of food safety vaccines on health care costs.	foodborne pathogens continue to cause several outbreaks every year in many parts of the world. among the bacterial pathogens involved, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, and nontyphoidal salmonella species cause a significant number of human infections worldwide, resulting in a huge annual economic burden that amounts to millions of dollars in health care costs. human infections are primarily caused by the consumption of contaminated food. vaccination of food-producing ...	2015	26111256
wild bird-associated campylobacter jejuni isolates are a consistent source of human disease, in oxfordshire, united kingdom.	the contribution of wild birds as a source of human campylobacteriosis was investigated in oxfordshire, united kingdom (uk) over a 10 year period. the probable origin of human campylobacter jejuni genotypes, as described by multilocus sequence typing, was estimated by comparison with reference populations of isolates from farm animals and five wild bird families, using the structure algorithm. wild bird-attributed isolates accounted for between 476 (2.1%) and 543 (3.5%) cases annually. this prop ...	2015	26109474
a vaccine approach for the prevention of infections by multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium.	the incidence of multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium hospital infections has been steadily increasing. with the goal of discovering new vaccine antigens, we systematically fractionated and purified four distinct surface carbohydrates from e. faecium endocarditis isolate tx16, shown previously to be resistant to phagocytosis in the presence of human serum. the two most abundant polysaccharides consist of novel branched heteroglycan repeating units that include signature sugars altruronic aci ...	2015	26109072
diversity of the epsilonproteobacteria dsb (disulfide bond) systems.	the bacterial proteins of the dsb family-important components of the post-translational protein modification system-catalyze the formation of disulfide bridges, a process that is crucial for protein structure stabilization and activity. dsb systems play an essential role in the assembly of many virulence factors. recent rapid advances in global analysis of bacteria have thrown light on the enormous diversity among bacterial dsb systems. while the escherichia coli disulfide bond-forming system is ...	2015	26106374
environmental (saprozoic) pathogens of engineered water systems: understanding their ecology for risk assessment and management.	major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. however, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot be controlled by water treatment alone prior to entry into water distribution and other engineered water systems. growth within biofilms or as in the case of legionella pneumophila, primarily within free-living protozoa feeding on biofilms, result ...	2015	26102291
the evolution of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	the global significance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli as gastrointestinal human pathogens has motivated numerous studies to characterize their population biology and evolution. these bacteria are a common component of the intestinal microbiota of numerous bird and mammal species and cause disease in humans, typically via consumption of contaminated meat products, especially poultry meat. sequence-based molecular typing methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and whole ...	2015	26101080
a cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides.	in campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with n-linked glycosylation (nlg) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fos) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (pglb). this hydrolysis results in the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated. this allowed for the general elucidation of the fos-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using sta ...	2015	26100547
multilocus sequence types of campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in eastern china.	campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in many developed countries. in our study, we applied multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technology to 167 c. jejuni isolates from diverse sources in eastern china to examine their genetic diversity. mlst defined 94 sequence types (sts) belonging to 18 clonal complexes (ccs). forty-five sts from 60 isolates (36%) and 22 alleles have not been previously documented in an international database. one hundred and two ...	2015	26100240
catechol siderophore transport by vibrio cholerae.	siderophores, small iron-binding molecules secreted by many microbial species, capture environmental iron for transport back into the cell. vibrio cholerae synthesizes and uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin and also uses siderophores secreted by other species, including enterobactin produced by escherichia coli. e. coli secretes both canonical cyclic enterobactin and linear enterobactin derivatives likely derived from its cleavage by the enterobactin esterase fes. we show here that v. ch ...	2015	26100039
the periplasmic nitrate reductase napabc supports luminal growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during colitis.	the food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium benefits from acute inflammation in part by using host-derived nitrate to respire anaerobically and compete successfully with the commensal microbes during growth in the intestinal lumen. the s. typhimurium genome contains three nitrate reductases, encoded by the narghi, narzyv, and napabc genes. work on homologous genes present in escherichia coli suggests that nitrate reductase a, encoded by the narghi genes, is the main enzyme pr ...	2015	26099579
the campylobacter jejuni racrs two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt).	the highly conserved enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) plays an important role in metabolism of glutathione and glutamine. yet, the regulation of ggt transcription in prokaryotes is poorly understood. in the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni, ggt is important as it contributes to persistent colonization of the gut. here we show that the ggt activity in c. jejuni is dependent on a functional racrs (reduced ability to colonize) two-component system. electrophoretic mobility shift and lucifer ...	2015	26097472
characterization of campylobacter jejuni dna gyrase as the target of quinolones.	quinolones have long been used as the first-line treatment for campylobacter infections. however, an increased resistance to quinolones has raised public health concerns. the development of new quinolone-based antibiotics with high activity is critical for effective, as dna gyrase, the target of quinolones, is an essential enzyme for bacterial growth in several mechanisms. the evaluation of antibiotic activity against campylobacter jejuni largely relies on drug susceptibility tests, which requir ...	2015	26096494
comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of campylobacter from broilers slaughtered in poland.	in the current study, the relationship of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated at slaughter was investigated using comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance (amr), virulence gene (vg) and pfge profiling. a total of 254 campylobacter isolates from poultry caeca and corresponding carcasses, including 139 c. jejuni and 115 c. coli strains were tested. the most prevalent resistance profiles observed in c. jejuni were ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (46 o ...	2015	26092707
how the intricate interaction among toll-like receptors, microbiota, and intestinal immunity can influence gastrointestinal pathology.	the gut is able to maintain tolerance to microbial and food antigens. the intestine minimizes the number of harmful bacteria by shaping the microbiota through a symbiotic relationship. in healthy human intestine, a constant homeostasis is maintained by the perfect regulation of microbial load and the immune response generated against it. failure of this balance may result in various pathological conditions. innate immune sensors, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), may be considered an interface ...	2015	26090491
excretion of host dna in feces is associated with risk of clostridium difficile infection.	clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is intricately linked to the health of the gastrointestinal tract and its indigenous microbiota. in this study, we assessed whether fecal excretion of host dna is associated with cdi development. assuming that shedding of epithelial cell increases in the inflamed intestine, we used human dna excretion as a marker of intestinal insult. whole-genome shotgun sequencing was employed to quantify host dna excretion and evaluate bacterial content in fecal samples c ...	2015	26090486
the interaction among microbiota, immunity, and genetic and dietary factors is the condicio sine qua non celiac disease can develop.	celiac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. this is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune-genetic factors. the major genetic risk factor for cd is determined by hla-dq genes. dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems can conceivably cause impairment of mucosal barrier function and development of localized or systemic inflammatory and autoimm ...	2015	26090475
helicobacteraceae in bulk tank milk of dairy herds from northern italy.	helicobacter pylori is responsible for gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, but the routes of transmission of this bacterium have not been clearly defined. few studies led to supposing that h. pylori could be transmitted through raw milk, and no one investigated the presence of other helicobacteraceae in milk. in the current work, the presence of helicobacteraceae was investigated in the bulk tank milk of dairy cattle herds located in northern italy both by direct plating onto h. pylo ...	2015	26090429
a predicted protein interactome identifies conserved global networks and disease resistance subnetworks in maize.	interactomes are genome-wide roadmaps of protein-protein interactions. they have been produced for humans, yeast, the fruit fly, and arabidopsis thaliana and have become invaluable tools for generating and testing hypotheses. a predicted interactome for zea mays (pizeam) is presented here as an aid to the research community for this valuable crop species. pizeam was built using a proven method of interologs (interacting orthologs) that were identified using both one-to-one and many-to-many ortho ...	2015	26089837
status and future of quantitative microbiological risk assessment in china.	since the implementation of the food safety law of the people's republic of china in 2009 use of quantitative microbiological risk assessment (qmra) has increased. qmra is used to assess the risk posed to consumers by pathogenic bacteria which cause the majority of foodborne outbreaks in china. this review analyses the progress of qmra research in china from 2000 to 2013 and discusses 3 possible improvements for the future. these improvements include planning and scoping to initiate qmra, effect ...	2015	26089594
blood groups in infection and host susceptibility.	blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. at present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. in addition, many blood group antigens fac ...	2015	26085552
diversity and evolution in the genome of clostridium difficile.	clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of antimicrobial and health care-associated diarrhea in humans, presenting a significant burden to global health care systems. in the last 2 decades, pcr- and sequence-based techniques, particularly whole-genome sequencing (wgs), have significantly furthered our knowledge of the genetic diversity, evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of this once enigmatic pathogen. c. difficile is taxonomically distinct from many other well-known ...	2015	26085550
possible association between celiac disease and bacterial transglutaminase in food processing: a hypothesis.	the incidence of celiac disease is increasing worldwide, and human tissue transglutaminase has long been considered the autoantigen of celiac disease. concomitantly, the food industry has introduced ingredients such as microbial transglutaminase, which acts as a food glue, thereby revolutionizing food qualities. several observations have led to the hypothesis that microbial transglutaminase is a new environmental enhancer of celiac disease. first, microbial transglutaminase deamidates/transamida ...	2015	26084478
beyond campylobacter jejuni: understanding campylobacter coli infections in a systemic model of disease.		2015	26083465
glycosnap: a high-throughput screening methodology for engineering designer glycosylation enzymes.	the campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (n-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for n-glycosylation in bacteria. this pathway has been functionally transferred into escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient n-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the c. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. however, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glyca ...	2015	26082213
molecular basis for the inhibition of β-hydroxyacyl-acp dehydratase hadab complex from mycobacterium tuberculosis by flavonoid inhibitors.	dehydration is one of the key steps in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and is vital to the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). consequently, stalling dehydration cures tuberculosis (tb). clinically used anti-tb drugs like thiacetazone (tac) and isoxyl (iso) as well as flavonoids inhibit the enzyme activity of the β-hydroxyacyl-acp dehydratase hadab complex. how this inhibition is exerted, has remained an enigma for years. here, we describe the first crystal structures of the mtbhadab c ...	2015	26081470
transducer like proteins of campylobacter jejuni 81-176: role in chemotaxis and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract.	transducer like proteins (tlps), also known as methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp), enable enteric pathogens to respond to changing nutrient levels in the environment by mediating taxis toward or away from specific chemoeffector molecules. despite recent advances in the characterization of chemotaxis responses in campylobacter jejuni, the impact of tlps on the adaptation of this pathogen to disparate niches and hosts is not fully characterized. the latter is particularly evident in the ca ...	2015	26075188
architecture and roles of periplasmic adaptor proteins in tripartite eﬄux assemblies.	recent years have seen major advances in the structural understanding of the different components of tripartite eﬄux assemblies, which encompass the multidrug eﬄux (mdr) pumps and type i secretion systems. the majority of these investigations have focused on the role played by the inner membrane transporters and the outer membrane factor (omf), leaving the third component of the system - the periplasmic adaptor proteins (paps) - relatively understudied. here we review the current state of knowle ...	2015	26074901
comparing the efficacy of a web-assisted calprotectin-based treatment algorithm (ibd-live) with usual practices in teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.	to prevent clinical relapse in teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) there is a need to monitor disease activity continuously. timely optimisation of medical treatment may nip a preclinical relapse in the bud and change the natural course of ibd. traditionally, disease monitoring is done during scheduled visits, but this is when most teenagers report full control. ibd care could be more efficient if patients were seen at times of clinical need. this study aims to examine the effectiven ...	2015	26073770
antimicrobial impacts of essential oils on food borne-pathogens.	the antimicrobial activity of twelve essential oil (pine oil, eucalyptus, thyme, sage tea, lavender, orange, laurel, lemon, myrtle, lemon, rosemary and juniper) was tested by a disc diffusion method against food borne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus). the major components in essential oils were monoterpenes hydrocarb ...	2015	26072990
detection of enteropathogens associated with travelers' diarrhea using a multiplex luminex-based assay performed on stool samples smeared on whatman fta elute cards.	we evaluated the limits of detection (lod) for an 11-plex pcr-luminex assay performed on whatman(™) fta elute cards smeared with stool containing pathogens associated with travelers' diarrhea. lods ranged from 10(2) to 10(5)cfu, pfu, or cysts/g for most pathogens except cryptosporidium. campylobacter and norovirus lods increased with prolonged storage of cards.	2015	26072151
psychological comorbidity increases the risk for postinfectious ibs partly by enhanced susceptibility to develop infectious gastroenteritis.	psychological factors increase the risk to develop postinfectious ibs (pi-ibs), but the mechanisms involved are unclear. as stress affects the immune system, we investigated the potential interaction between psychological factors, the immune response against infectious gastroenteritis (ige) and the development of ige and pi-ibs in a large cohort exposed to contaminated drinking water.	2016	26071133
campylobacter jejuni capsular genotypes are related to guillain-barré syndrome.	in about one in a thousand cases, a campylobacter jejuni infection results in the severe polyneuropathy guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). it is established that sialylated lipo-oligosaccharides (los) of c. jejuni are a crucial virulence factor in gbs development. frequent detection of c. jejuni with sialylated los in stools derived from patients with uncomplicated enteritis implies that additional bacterial factors should be involved. to assess whether the polysaccharide capsule is a marker for gbs ...	2015	26070960
silencing of essential genes within a highly coordinated operon in escherichia coli.	essential bacterial genes located within operons are particularly challenging to study independently because of coordinated gene expression and the nonviability of knockout mutants. essentiality scores for many operon genes remain uncertain. antisense rna (asrna) silencing or in-frame gene disruption of genes may help establish essentiality but can lead to polar effects on genes downstream or upstream of the target gene. here, the escherichia coli ribf-iles-lspa-fkpb-isph operon was used to eval ...	2015	26070674
protozoan cysts act as a survival niche and protective shelter for foodborne pathogenic bacteria.	the production of cysts, an integral part of the life cycle of many free-living protozoa, allows these organisms to survive adverse environmental conditions. given the prevalence of free-living protozoa in food-related environments, it is hypothesized that these organisms play an important yet currently underinvestigated role in the epidemiology of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. intracystic bacterial survival is highly relevant, as this would allow bacteria to survive the stringent cleaning and ...	2015	26070667
statistical approaches to developing a multiplex immunoassay for determining human exposure to environmental pathogens.	there are numerous pathogens that can be transmitted through water. identifying and understanding the routes and magnitude of exposure or infection to these microbial contaminants are critical to assessing and mitigating risk. conventional approaches of studying immunological responses to exposure or infection such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and other monoplex antibody-based immunoassays can be very costly, laborious, and consume large quantities of patient sample. a major li ...	2015	26070441
steroid-responsive polyradiculopathy in association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.	an 80-year-old woman presented with simultaneous increasing muscle weakness and nephrotic syndrome. a renal biopsy confirmed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs). her neurological diagnosis best fitted with a guillain-barre-like syndrome. there have been several cases of fsgs in combination with both conventional and atypical guillain-barre syndrome (gbs). our patient was treated with high-dose steroids and resolution of both nephrotic syndrome and neurological symptoms occurred over 6 mont ...	2013	26069832
plasmids from food lactic acid bacteria: diversity, similarity, and new developments.	plasmids are widely distributed in different sources of lactic acid bacteria (lab) as self-replicating extrachromosomal genetic materials, and have received considerable attention due to their close relationship with many important functions as well as some industrially relevant characteristics of the lab species. they are interesting with regard to the development of food-grade cloning vectors. this review summarizes new developments in the area of lactic acid bacteria plasmids and aims to prov ...	2015	26068451
the n-acetylglutamate synthase family: structures, function and mechanisms.	n-acetylglutamate synthase (nags) catalyzes the production of n-acetylglutamate (nag) from acetyl-coa and l-glutamate. in microorganisms and plants, the enzyme functions in the arginine biosynthetic pathway, while in mammals, its major role is to produce the essential co-factor of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (cps1) in the urea cycle. recent work has shown that several different genes encode enzymes that can catalyze nag formation. a bifunctional enzyme was identified in certain bacteria, wh ...	2015	26068232
statistical analysis of hurst exponents of essential/nonessential genes in 33 bacterial genomes.	methods for identifying essential genes currently depend predominantly on biochemical experiments. however, there is demand for improved computational methods for determining gene essentiality. in this study, we used the hurst exponent, a characteristic parameter to describe long-range correlation in dna, and analyzed its distribution in 33 bacterial genomes. in most genomes (31 out of 33) the significance levels of the hurst exponents of the essential genes were significantly higher than for th ...	2015	26067107
partial failure of milk pasteurization as a risk for the transmission of campylobacter from cattle to humans.	cattle are the second most common source of human campylobacteriosis. however, routes to account for this scale of transmission have not been identified. in contrast to chicken, red meat is not heavily contaminated at point of sale. although effective pasteurization prevents milk-borne infection, apparently sporadic infections may include undetected outbreaks from raw or perhaps incompletely pasteurized milk.	2015	26063722
global epidemiology of campylobacter infection.	campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. the incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. the dramatic increase in north america, europe, and australia is alarming, and data from parts of africa, asia, and the middle east indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. in addition to c. jejuni, there is increasing rec ...	2015	26062576
structural characterization of atms13, a putative sugar aminotransferase involved in indolocarbazole at2433 aminopentose biosynthesis.	at2433 from actinomadura melliaura is an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic structurally distinguished by its unique aminodideoxypentose-containing disaccharide moiety. the corresponding sugar nucleotide-based biosynthetic pathway for this unusual sugar derives from comparative genomics where atms13 has been suggested as the contributing sugar aminotransferase (sat). determination of the atms13 x-ray structure at 1.50-å resolution reveals it as a member of the aspartate aminotransferase fold t ...	2015	26061967
novel drug targets for food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni: an integrated subtractive genomics and comparative metabolic pathway study.	campylobacters are a major global health burden and a cause of food-borne diarrheal illness and economic loss worldwide. in developing countries, campylobacter infections are frequent in children under age two and may be associated with mortality. in developed countries, they are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea in early adulthood. in the united states, antibiotic resistance against campylobacter is notably increased from 13% in 1997 to nearly 25% in 2011. novel drug targets are urgently nee ...	2015	26061459
construction of a robust and sensitive arginine biosensor through ancestral protein reconstruction.	biosensors for signaling molecules allow the study of physiological processes by bringing together the fields of protein engineering, fluorescence imaging, and cell biology. construction of genetically encoded biosensors generally relies on the availability of a binding "core" that is both specific and stable, which can then be combined with fluorescent molecules to create a sensor. however, binding proteins with the desired properties are often not available in nature and substantial improvemen ...	2015	26061224
genetic characterization of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolated from broilers using flaa pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in shiraz, southern iran.	thermophilic campylobacters, particularly campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are the main agents of human campylobacteriosis. campylobacter contaminated chicken products is the most important source of foodborne gastroenteritis. evaluation of genetic diversity among campylobacter population is critical for understanding the epidemiology of this bacterium and developing effective control strategies against campylobacter infections and other related disorders.	2015	26060566
alpinia katsumadai extracts inhibit adhesion and invasion of campylobacter jejuni in animal and human foetal small intestine cell lines.	alpinia katsumadai is used in traditional chinese medicine for abdominal distention, pain, and diarrhoea. campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal illnesses worldwide. adhesion to gut epithelium is a prerequisite in its pathogenesis. the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-adhesive activities of a chemically characterised extract (see) and its residual material of hydrodistillation (hdsee-r) from a. katsumadai seeds were evaluated against c. jejuni. minimal ...	2015	26058384
fecal markers of environmental enteropathy are associated with animal exposure and caregiver hygiene in bangladesh.	undernutrition is estimated to be an underlying cause of over half of all deaths in young children globally. there is a growing body of literature suggesting that increased exposure to enteric pathogens is responsible for environmental enteropathy (ee), a disorder associated with impaired growth in children. to determine if household unsanitary environmental conditions were significantly associated with ee and stunting in children, we conducted a cohort of 216 children (≤ 30 months) in rural ban ...	2015	26055734
ambiguous value of anti-ganglioside igm autoantibodies in guillain-barré syndrome and its variants.	anti-ganglioside autoantibodies of the igg type are detected in a half of patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and their detection strongly supports the diagnosis of gbs. in contrast, anti-ganglioside igm antibodies are also often detected in gbs patients, but it remains unclear whether igm antibodies indicate a diagnosis of gbs. we identified four gbs patients (3.3%) who tested positive for igm antibodies but negative for igg antibodies among 122 patients with gbs and its variants. thes ...	2015	26050638
intestinal fucose as a mediator of host-microbe symbiosis.	fucose is an l-configuration sugar found abundantly in the mammalian gut. it has long been known to be induced there by the presence of bacteria, but only recently have some of the molecular mechanisms behind this process been uncovered. new work suggests that fucose can have a protective role in both gut-centered and systemic infection and inflammation. this review highlights recent studies showing that, in addition to acting as a food source for beneficial gut symbionts, host fucose can suppre ...	2015	26048966
impact of cholesterol on disease progression.	cholesterol-rich microdomains (also called lipid rafts), where platforms for signaling are provided and thought to be associated with microbe-induced pathogenesis and lead to cancer progression. after treatment of cells with cholesterol disrupting or usurping agents, raft-associated proteins and lipids can be dissociated, and this renders the cell structure nonfunctional and therefore mitigates disease severity. this review focuses on the role of cholesterol in disease progression including canc ...	2015	26048694
constitutive expression of campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin ctrhb improves the growth of escherichia coli cell under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.	bacteria hemoglobin could bind to the oxygen, transfer it from the intracellular microenvironment to the respiration process and sustain the energy for the metabolism and reproduction of cells. heterologous expression of bacteria hemoglobin gene could improve the capacity of the host on oxygen-capturing and allow it to grow even under microaerophilic condition. to develop a system based on hemoglobin to help bacteria cells overcome the oxygen shortage in fermentation, in this study, campylobacte ...	2015	26047918
impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level.	the use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. a prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in québec, canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs b ...	2015	26047674
gut-microbiota-brain axis and its effect on neuropsychiatric disorders with suspected immune dysregulation.	gut microbiota regulate intestinal function and health. however, mounting evidence indicates that they can also influence the immune and nervous systems and vice versa. this article reviews the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain, termed the microbiota-gut-brain (mgb) axis, and discusses how it contributes to the pathogenesis of certain disorders that may involve brain inflammation.	2015	26046241
primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the endometrium: report of four cases and review of literature.	primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the endometrium (pemzl-em) is exceedingly rare and has not been well characterized. herein, we study the clinicopathological, cytogenetic and molecular features of four cases, the largest case series reported to date. the median age of the four patients was 59 years. clinical presentations included abnormal vaginal bleeding (three cases) and incidental finding (one case). there were no constitutional symptoms in any of the cases. none of the patients ...	2015	26045815
lack of negative effects on syrian hamsters and mongolian gerbils housed in the same secondary enclosure.	in cases where different species might be housed in the same room or secondary enclosure, the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals recommends that the animals should be behaviorally compatible and have the same health status. syrian hamsters and mongolian gerbils, both desert-dwelling rodents, appear to be reasonable candidates for such a combination. this study was undertaken to evaluate whether housing hamsters and gerbils in the same secondary enclosure is an acceptable practice. ...	2015	26045450
eukaryote-made thermostable dna polymerase enables rapid pcr-based detection of mycoplasma, ureaplasma and other bacteria in the amniotic fluid of preterm labor cases.	intra-amniotic infection has long been recognized as the leading cause of preterm delivery. microbial culture is the gold standard for the detection of intra-amniotic infection, but several days are required, and many bacterial species in the amniotic fluid are difficult to cultivate.	2015	26042418
application of bacteriophages in post-harvest control of human pathogenic and food spoiling bacteria.	bacteriophages have attracted great attention for application in food biopreservation. lytic bacteriophages specific for human pathogenic bacteria can be isolated from natural sources such as animal feces or industrial wastes where the target bacteria inhabit. lytic bacteriophages have been tested in different food systems for inactivation of main food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, shigella spp., campylobac ...	2016	26042353
transcriptomic analysis of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine.	upon colonization in the host gastrointestinal tract, the enteric bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni is exposed to a variety of signaling molecules including the catecholamine hormones epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (ne). ne has been observed to stimulate the growth and potentially enhance the pathogenicity of c. jejuni. however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. in this study, both epi and ne were also observed to promote c. jejuni growth in memα-based iron-restric ...	2015	26042101
hyperimmunised bovine milk and whey: influence of ph and enzymatic treatments on the antigen-binding capacity of immunoglobulin g.	hyperimmunised bovine milk and whey (whole and defatted) were submitted at 37°c to different ph values (between 1 and 10) and enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin) at their optimum ph and the igg immunoactivity against campylobacter jejuni was measured by means of elisa assays.	2016	26041450
a coin-like peripheral small cell lung carcinoma associated with acute paraneoplastic axonal guillain-barre-like syndrome.	a 65-year-old previously healthy male heavy smoker was hospitalized with a 2-week history of progressive muscle weakness in the lower and upper extremities. after 10 days of hospitalization, urinary sphincter incompetence and fecal incontinence were added and tetraparesis was established. the computer-tomography scan examination revealed a massive right hydrothorax and multifocal solid acinar structures with peripheral localization in the left lung, which suggested pulmonary cancer. bone marrow ...	2015	26039124
the fibronectin-binding motif within flpa facilitates campylobacter jejuni adherence to host cell and activation of host cell signaling.	campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, curved and rod-shaped bacterium that causes human gastroenteritis. acute disease is associated with c. jejuni invasion of the intestinal epithelium. epithelial cells infected with c. jejuni strains containing mutations in the flpa and cadf fibronectin (fn)-binding proteins exhibit reduced invasion of host cells and a c. jejuni cadf flpa double mutant is impaired in the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and rho gtpase rac1. although the ...	2013	26038437
internalization of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1 into epithelial cells is promoted by interaction of a t6ss effector with the microtubule network.	invasion of nonphagocytic cells through rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is a common immune evasion mechanism used by most intracellular bacteria. however, some pathogens modulate host microtubules as well by a still poorly understood mechanism. in this study, we aim at deciphering the mechanisms by which the opportunistic bacterial pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa invades nonphagocytic cells, although it is considered mainly an extracellular bacterium. using confocal microscopy and immuno ...	2015	26037124
b cells using calcium signaling for specific and rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7.	a rapid and sensitive detection technology is highly desirable for specific detection of e. coli o157:h7, one of the leading bacterial pathogens causing foodborne illness. in this study, we reported the rapid detection of e. coli o157:h7 by using calcium signaling of the b cell upon cellular membrane anchors anti-e. coli o157:h7 igm. the binding of e. coli o157:h7 to the igm on b cell surface activates the b cell receptor (bcr)-induced ca(2+) signaling pathway and results in the release of ca(2+ ...	2015	26034978
inflammation-associated microbiota in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.	eosinophilic esophagitis (eoe) is an allergic disorder characterized by eosinophil-predominant esophageal inflammation, which can be ameliorated by food antigen restriction. though recent studies suggest that changes in dietary composition may alter the distal gut microbiome, little is currently known about the impact of a restricted diet upon microbial communities of the oral and esophageal microenvironments in the context of eoe. we hypothesize that the oral and esophageal microbiomes of eoe p ...	2015	26034601
evaluation of a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to reduce colonization by campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in humans. symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis to dysentery. contaminated chicken meat is the most common cause of infection. broiler chickens become colonized with high numbers of c. jejuni in the intestinal tract, but do not become clinically ill. vaccination of broiler chicks to control colonization by c. jejuni is challenging because immune function is limited in the first 2 weeks post-hatch and immune suppressive m ...	2015	26032784
stress induces endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation by increasing barrier permeability.	chronic non-communicable diseases (ncds) are the leading causes of work absence, disability, and mortality worldwide. most of these diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. here, we hypothesize that stresses (defined as homeostatic disturbances) can induce low-grade inflammation by increasing the availability of water, sodium, and energy-rich substances to meet the increased metabolic demand induced by the stressor. one way of triggering low-grade inflammation is by increasing intest ...	2015	26029209
development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni by using capillary electrophoresis.	campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of the frequently reported food-borne diseases in developed and developing nations. this study describes the development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) using capillary electrophoresis as a novel typing method for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigation of c. jejuni. among 36 tandem repeat loci detected by the tandem repeat finder program, 7 vntr loci were selected and used for characterizing 60 iso ...	2015	26025899
yersinia pseudotuberculosis ip32953 survives and replicates in trophozoites and persists in cysts of acanthamoeba castellanii.	yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne enteric pathogen that causes a mild self-limiting diarrhea in humans. yersinia pseudotuberculosis is able to persist in soil and water and in association with fresh produce, but the mechanism by which it persists is unknown. it has been shown that y. pseudotuberculosis co-occurs with protozoans in these environments; therefore, this study investigates if bacterivorous free-living amoeba (fla) are able to support persistence of y. pseudotuberculosis. coc ...	2015	26025069
rho gtpases as pathogen targets: focus on curable sexually transmitted infections.	pathogens have evolved highly specialized mechanisms to infect hosts. several microorganisms modulate the eukaryotic cell surface to facilitate their engulfment. once internalized, they hijack the molecular machinery of the infected cell for their own benefit. at different stages of phagocytosis, particularly during invasion, certain pathogens manipulate pathways governed by small gtpases. in this review, we focus on the role of rho proteins on curable, sexually transmitted infections caused by ...	2015	26023809
structural basis for the stereochemical control of amine installation in nucleotide sugar aminotransferases.	sugar aminotransferases (sats) are an important class of tailoring enzymes that catalyze the 5'-pyridoxal phosphate (plp)-dependent stereo- and regiospecific installation of an amino group from an amino acid donor (typically l-glu or l-gln) to a corresponding ketosugar nucleotide acceptor. herein we report the strategic structural study of two homologous c4 sats (micromonospora echinospora cals13 and escherichia coli wece) that utilize identical substrates but differ in their stereochemistry of ...	2015	26023720
polycarbonate filtration technique is noninferior to mccda for isolation of campylobacter species from stool samples.	a total of 5963 diarrheic stool samples were cultivated for campylobacter spp. with use of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) plates as well as a polycarbonate (pc) filter technique on blood agar plates. a total of 376 campylobacter jejuni/coli were isolated from both pc and mccda. six and three were isolated from pc and mccda only, respectively (p = ns). the pc technique is noninferior to mccda for isolation of c. jejuni/coli.	2015	26022656
the diversity of membrane transporters encoded in bacterial arsenic-resistance operons.	transporter-facilitated arsenite extrusion is the major pathway of arsenic resistance within bacteria. so far only two types of membrane-bound transporter proteins, arsb and arsy (acr3), have been well studied, although the arsenic transporters in bacteria display considerable diversity. utilizing accumulated genome sequence data, we searched arsenic resistance (ars) operons in about 2,500 bacterial strains and located over 700 membrane-bound transporters which are encoded in these operons. sequ ...	2015	26020003
innate immunity to campylobacter jejuni in guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a postinfectious neuropathy most frequently caused by campylobacter jejuni. lipo-oligosaccharides (los), expressed by c. jejuni induce antibodies that cross-react with self-glycolipids in peripheral nerves, causing neuropathy. less than 1 in 1,000 persons infected with c. jejuni develop gbs, and the factors that determine gbs susceptibility are poorly understood. we hypothesized that these persons have a high intrinsic dendritic cell (dc) response to c. jejuni lo ...	2015	26017721
tonb energy transduction systems of riemerella anatipestifer are required for iron and hemin utilization.	riemerella anatipestifer (r. anatipestifer) is one of the most important pathogens in ducks. the bacteria causes acute or chronic septicemia characterized by fibrinous pericarditis and meningitis. the r. anatipestifer genome encodes multiple iron/hemin-uptake systems that facilitate adaptation to iron-limited host environments. these systems include several tonb-dependent transporters and three tonb proteins responsible for energy transduction. these three tonb genes are present in all the r. an ...	2015	26017672
early life microbial colonization of the gut and intestinal development differ between genetically divergent broiler lines.	host genetic makeup plays a role in early gut microbial colonization and immune programming. interactions between gut microbiota and host cells of the mucosal layer are of paramount importance for a proper development of host defence mechanisms. for different livestock species, it has already been shown that particular genotypes have increased susceptibilities towards disease causing pathogens. the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of genotypic variation on both early microbi ...	2015	26017153
acute flaccid paralysis surveillance: a 6 years study, isfahan, iran.	poliomyelitis is still an endemic disease in many areas of the world including africa and south asia. iran is polio free since 2001. however, due to endemicity of polio in neighboring countries of iran, the risk of polio importation and re-emergence of wild polio virus is high. case definition through surveillance system is a well-defined method for maintenance of polio eradication in polio free countries.	2015	26015925
host-like carbohydrates promote bloodstream survival of vibrio vulnificus in vivo.	sialic acids are found on all vertebrate cell surfaces and are part of a larger class of molecules known as nonulosonic acids. many bacterial pathogens synthesize related nine-carbon backbone sugars; however, the role(s) of these non-sialic acid molecules in host-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the united states due to its ability to quickly access the host bloodstream, which it can accomplish through gastrointestinal ...	2015	26015477
novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic aeromonas hydrophila st251 clones from comparative genomics.	outbreaks in fish of motile aeromonad septicemia (mas) caused by aeromonas hydrophila have caused a great concern worldwide. here, for the first time, we provide two complete genomes of epidemic a. hydrophila strains isolated in china. to gain an insight into the pathogenicity of epidemic a. hydrophila, we performed comparative genomic analyses of five epidemic strains belonging to sequence type (st) 251, together with the environmental strain atcc 7966(t). we found that the known virulence fact ...	2015	26014286
databases for microbiologists.	databases play an increasingly important role in biology. they archive, store, maintain, and share information on genes, genomes, expression data, protein sequences and structures, metabolites and reactions, interactions, and pathways. all these data are critically important to microbiologists. furthermore, microbiology has its own databases that deal with model microorganisms, microbial diversity, physiology, and pathogenesis. thousands of biological databases are currently available, and it be ...	2015	26013493
clinical applications of bioactive milk components.	milk represents a unique resource for translational medicine: it contains a rich pool of biologically active molecules with demonstrated clinical benefits. the ongoing characterization of the mechanistic process through which milk components promote development and immunity has revealed numerous milk-derived compounds with potential applications as clinical therapies in infectious and inflammatory disease, cancer, and other conditions. lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agen ...	2015	26011900
waterborne pathogens: detection methods and challenges.	waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. these diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-m ...	2015	26011827
evolution of host specialization in gut microbes: the bee gut as a model.	bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often give up generalist lifestyles to specialize to particular hosts. the eusocial honey bees and bumble bees harbor two such specialized gut symbionts, snodgrassella alvi and gilliamella apicola. not only are these microorganisms specific to bees, but different strains of these bacteria tend to assort according to host species. by using in-vivo microbial transplant experiments, we show that the observed specificity is, at least in part, due to evolved physiolo ...	2015	26011669
detection of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in surface waters close to an urban area.	current knowledge about the spread of pathogens in aquatic environments is scarce probably because bacteria, viruses, algae and their toxins tend to occur at low concentrations in water, making them very difficult to measure directly. the purpose of this study was the development and validation of tools to detect pathogens in freshwater systems close to an urban area. in order to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on water microbiological quality, a phylogenetic microarray was developed in the conte ...	2015	26006125
multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests for detection of pathogens associated with gastroenteritis.	a wide range of enteric pathogens can cause infectious gastroenteritis. conventional diagnostic algorithms are time-consuming and often lack sensitivity and specificity. advances in molecular technology have provided new clinical diagnostic tools. multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based testing has been used in gastroenterology diagnostics in recent years. this article presents a review of recent laboratory-developed multiplex pcr tests and current commercial multiplex gastrointestinal p ...	2015	26004652
campylobacter.	campylobacter continues to be one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the united states and worldwide. infection with campylobacter causes a spectrum of diseases including acute enteritis, extraintestinal infections, and postinfectious complications. the most common species of campylobacter associated with human illness is campylobacter jejuni, but other campylobacter species can also cause human infections. this comprehensive review includes discussion of the taxonomy, c ...	2015	26004643
an unprecedented dual antagonist and agonist of human transglutaminase 2.	transglutaminase 2 (tg2) is a ubiquitously expressed, ca(2+)-activated extracellular enzyme in mammals that is maintained in a catalytically dormant state by multiple mechanisms. although its precise physiological role in the extracellular matrix remains unclear, aberrantly up-regulated tg2 activity is a hallmark of several maladies, including celiac disease. previously, we reported the discovery of a class of acylideneoxoindoles as potent, reversible inhibitors of human tg2. detailed analysis o ...	2015	26004580
deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show?	vaccines are rigorously tested and monitored and are among the safest medical products we use. millions of vaccinations are given to children and adults in the united states each year. serious adverse reactions are rare. however, because of the high volume of use, coincidental adverse events including deaths, that are temporally associated with vaccination, do occur. when death occurs shortly following vaccination, loved ones and others might naturally question whether it was related to vaccinat ...	2015	26004568
host adaption to the bacteriophage carrier state of campylobacter jejuni.	the carrier state of the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni represents an alternative life cycle whereby virulent bacteriophages can persist in association with host bacteria without commitment to lysogeny. host bacteria exhibit significant phenotypic changes that improve their ability to survive extra-intestinal environments, but exhibit growth-phase-dependent impairment in motility. we demonstrate that early exponential phase cultures become synchronised with respect to the non-motile phe ...	2015	26004283
effectiveness of inactivation of foodborne pathogens during simulated home pan frying of steak, hamburger or meat strips.	in order to evaluate the effect of simulated home pan frying of raw meat and meat preparations of different animal species on the thermal inactivation of pathogens, the heat resistance (d-value) of three strains of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes and two strains of generic e. coli was validated in bhi and adjusted bhi (i.e. ph5.6 and 1.5% nacl) at 60°c. the d-values were obtained of the linear phase of the survivor curves created in ginafit ...	2015	26004267
campylobacter-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pulmonary-renal syndrome.	common causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome include anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-gbm) disease anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca) positive vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. we describe a case of life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage associated with campylobacter hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), which we believe is a new disease entity. we hypothesize that the cause of this pulmonary-renal syndrome was an immunological reaction to campylobacter; and that the initiatio ...	2016	26001543
diversity of intestinal clostridium coccoides group in the japanese population, as demonstrated by reverse transcription-quantitative pcr.	we used sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) to quantify the clostridium coccoides group, which is a major anaerobic population in the human intestine. for this purpose, the c. coccoides group was classified into 3 subgroups and 19 species for expediency in accordance with the existing database, and specific primers were newly developed to evaluate them. population levels of the c. coccoides group in human feces determined by rt-qpcr were equivalent to those d ...	2015	26000453
strategies for the identification and tracking of cronobacter species: an opportunistic pathogen of concern to neonatal health.	cronobacter species are emerging opportunistic food-borne pathogens, which consists of seven species, including c. sakazakii, c. malonaticus, c. muytjensii, c. turicensis, c. dublinensis, c. universalis, and c. condimenti. the organism can cause severe clinical infections, including necrotizing enterocolitis, septicemia, and meningitis, predominately among neonates <4 weeks of age. cronobacter species can be isolated from various foods and their surrounding environments; however, powdered infant ...	2015	26000266
claudin-related intestinal diseases.	with up to 200 m(2) the human intestine is the organ with the largest absorptive surface of the body. it is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that separates the host from the environment. the intestinal epithelium provides both, selective absorption of nutrients, ions, and water but also a highly effective barrier function which includes the first line of defense against environmental antigens. the paracellular part of this barrier function is provided by tight junction (tj) proteins, ...	2015	25999319
campylobacter jejuni contamination of broiler carcasses: population dynamics and genetic profiles at slaughterhouse level.	six slaughter batches deriving from six typical industrial broiler flocks were examined for the presence, quantity and genetic characteristics of contaminating campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) during various stages of slaughtering and carcass processing. to assess the contamination dynamics of the carcasses, the analyses were always conducted on neck-skin samples from the same pre-selected and carefully marked carcasses in each batch. the skin samples were taken sequentially at three successive ...	2015	25998821
evaluation of detection methods for campylobacter infections among under-fives in mwanza city, tanzania.	campylobacter species are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. the diagnosis is mainly based on stool culture. this study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of staining methods (gram stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain and 1% carbol fuchsin direct stain) versus culture as the gold standard.	2014	25995788
molecular mechanisms underlying the close association between soil burkholderia and fungi.	bacterial species belonging to the genus burkholderia have been repeatedly reported to be associated with fungi but the extent and specificity of these associations in soils remain undetermined. to assess whether associations between burkholderia and fungi are widespread in soils, we performed a co-occurrence analysis in an intercontinental soil sample collection. this revealed that burkholderia significantly co-occurred with a wide range of fungi. to analyse the molecular basis of the interacti ...	2015	25989372