Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| toward an international standard for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157. part 1. assay development and multi-center validation. | as part of a major european research project, a diagnostic pcr assay, including an internal amplification control, was developed and validated in a collaborative trial for the detection of escherichia coli o157. the assay is based on amplification of sequences of the rfbe o157 gene. the collaborative trial, including 12 international laboratories, was carried out in two phases: phase (a) was performed with identical pcr reagents, including the internal control, provided by the sending laboratory ... | 2003 | 14607420 |
| distribution of intimin subtypes among escherichia coli isolates from ruminant and human sources. | the intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and some shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic e. coli. epec is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive stec isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. here we describe the dev ... | 2003 | 14605134 |
| rectoanal mucosal swab culture is more sensitive than fecal culture and distinguishes escherichia coli o157:h7-colonized cattle and those transiently shedding the same organism. | enrichment and direct (nonenrichment) rectoanal mucosal swab (rams) culture techniques were developed and compared to traditional fecal culture for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in experimentally infected and naturally infected cattle. holstein steers (n = 16) orally dosed with e. coli o157:h7 were sampled after bacterial colonization starting 15 days postinoculation. enrichment rams cultures (70.31% positive) were more sensitive than enrichment fecal cultures with 10 g of feces (46. ... | 2003 | 14605119 |
| immune response to a mucosally administered aflatoxin b1 vaccine. | in the present study, a mucosal vaccine was used in an effort to elicit serum igg and intestinal secretory iga against the mycotoxin aflatoxin b1 (afb) in chickens. afb was coupled to carrier proteins (bsa and porcine thyroglobulin) for use as a vaccine and elisa coating antigen, respectively. seven-day-old broiler chicks were divided into groups of 10 and immunized with one of four vaccine preparations: 1) afb-bsa conjugate alone, 2) afb-bsa linked to the b subunit of the recombinant heat-labil ... | 2003 | 14601734 |
| precise and efficient cleavage of recombinant fusion proteins using mammalian aspartic proteases. | expression of recombinant proteins as translational fusions is commonly employed to enhance stability, increase solubility and facilitate purification of the desired protein. in general, such fusion proteins must be cleaved to release the mature protein in its native form. the usefulness of the procedure depends on the efficiency and precision of cleavage and its cost per unit activity. we report here the development of a general procedure for precise and highly efficient cleavage of recombinant ... | 2003 | 14600208 |
| correlation between geographic distance and genetic similarity in an international collection of bovine faecal escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates. | evidence from epidemiological and molecular studies of bovine escherichia coli o157:h7 suggests that strains are frequently transmitted across wide geographic distances. to test this hypothesis, we compared the geographic and genetic distance of a set of international bovine escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates using the mantel correlation. for a measure of genetic relatedness, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of six different restriction enzyme digests was used to generate an average dice similari ... | 2003 | 14596534 |
| phenotypic and molecular characteristics of typical and atypical escherichia coli o157, clinical and food isolates. | enrichment, colony isolation and confirmation are three general phases of a standard diagnostic method. e. coli o 157 (the main member of ehec group) differs metabolically from other strains of e. coli in a number of ways. most isolates are slow- or non-fermenters of sorbitol and lack the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (gud). but, a variety of atypical strains of e. coli o157 (sorbitol-fermenting variants, nonmotile and gud-positive) have been reported. the discovery of these atypical pathogenic stra ... | 2003 | 14594402 |
| c-reactive protein and antibacterial activity in blood plasma of colostrum-fed calves and the effect of lactulose. | several milk proteins are very important for immunological defense and can be absorbed in the intestine of calves in the first hours after birth. the influence of colostrum intake and the effect of additional lactulose application on the concentration of c-reactive protein (crp) in blood were investigated. the crp is known as a mediator of innate immunity. results were compared to the bovine acute phase protein haptoglobin, and to lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins in plasma from calv ... | 2003 | 14594250 |
| increased levels of lps-binding protein in bovine blood and milk following bacterial lipopolysaccharide challenge. | several species of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and various species of enterobacter, are common mastitis pathogens. all of these bacteria are characterized by the presence of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (lps) in their outer membrane. the bovine mammary gland is highly sensitive to lps, and lps has been implicated, in part, in the pathogenesis of gram-negative mastitis. recognition of lps is a key event in the innate immune response to gram-negati ... | 2003 | 14594231 |
| selection and characterization of peptide memitopes binding to ricin. | a combinatorial random peptide display library expressed in e. coli was employed to identify short, linear peptide sequences that showed affinity for ricin and could be used as reagents for detection and identification of ricin. one peptide, p3, from a collection of four short peptides showed specific binding to ricin. the kinetic analysis of this peptide binding to the ricin showed lower equilibrium binding constants for the peptide p3 than monoclonal antibody. this is attributed due to both sl ... | 2003 | 14584927 |
| removal of endotoxin by reverse phase hplc abolishes anti-endothelial cell activity of bacterially expressed plasminogen kringle 5. | the success of recombinant protein expression/purification in escherichia coli depends on a high-fidelity system rendering purified proteins free of confounding contaminants such as endotoxin. here we report on the expression and purification of a cryptic plasminogen-derived domain, kringle 5, which was previously reported to specifically inhibit endothelial cell growth and, therefore, angiogenesis. using a histidine (his)-tag expression and ni(+)-nta agarose purification system identical to pre ... | 2003 | 14579737 |
| protein refolding assisted by self-assembled nanogels as novel artificial molecular chaperone. | molecular chaperone-like activity for protein refolding was investigated using nanogels of self-assembly of cholesterol-bearing pullulan. nanogels effectively prevented protein aggregation (i.e. carbonic anhydrase and citrate synthase) during protein refolding from gdmcl denaturation. enzyme activity recovered in high yields upon dissociation of the gel structure in which the proteins were trapped, by the addition of cyclodextrins. the nanogels assisted protein refolding in a manner similar to t ... | 2003 | 14572636 |
| variation of high mannose chains of tamm-horsfall glycoprotein confers differential binding to type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli. | tamm-horsfall glycoprotein (thp), the most abundant protein in mammalian urine, has been implicated in defending the urinary tract against infections by type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli. recent experimental evidence indicates that the defensive capability of thp relies on its single high mannose chain, which binds to e. coli fimh lectin and competes with mannosylated uroplakin receptors on the bladder surface. here we describe several major differences, on both structural and functional levels ... | 2004 | 14570881 |
| vtec o157 in cattle. | 2003 | 14567669 | |
| severity of e. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors. | intramammary infections of dairy cows with gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of s. aureus isol ... | 2003 | 14556694 |
| expression vehicles used in recombinant dna technology. | we survey cloning vehicles whose function is to carry and express a gene in host cells including escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells. in e. coli these include vehicles based on the lac operon, the trp operon, the rho leftward operon, and the reca gone; open reading frame cloning vehicles are also discussed, as are steps that can be taken to extrude a gene product from the cell and the use of plasmids with runaway replication. in s. cerevisiae we discuss vehicles based ... | 1983 | 14540892 |
| bedding and seasonal effects on chemical and bacterial properties of feedlot cattle manure. | nutrients, soluble salts, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen manure have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a three-year study (1998-2000) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and season on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor manure. manure was sampled for chemical content (n, p, soluble salts, electrical conductivity, a ... | 2003 | 14535334 |
| an evaluation of rapid methods for detecting escherichia coli o157 on beef carcasses. | numbers of escherichia coli o157 in food may be low and sensitive techniques are therefore needed for its detection. the objectives of this study were to use carcass meat samples artificially inoculated with various strains of e. coli o157 to compare the sensitivity of enrichment in three different media and to compare immunomagnetic separation followed by culture of magnetic beads to cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar with three immunoassays for the detection of e. coli o157 in the enri ... | 2003 | 14527800 |
| aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina. | necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ... | 2003 | 14509450 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process. | diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. the first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. this adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in particular, several gangliosides. because milk also contains gangliosides, these have been suggested to serve as ligands for bacterial fimbriae and thus prevent the bacterial attachment to mucosa. the mos ... | 2003 | 14506839 |
| molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157 contamination routes in a cattle slaughterhouse. | in a cattle slaughterhouse, sampling was performed over a 1-week period to examine the prevalence and possible contamination routes of escherichia coli o157. each sampling day, swab samples were collected from the slaughterhouse environment before onset of slaughter, from the slaughterline, and from 20 successively slaughtered animals. isolation of e. coli o157 consisted of a 6-hour enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating. from the 394 samples taken, 84 (21%) were ... | 2003 | 14503706 |
| heterogeneous surface expression of espa translocon filaments by escherichia coli o157:h7 is controlled at the posttranscriptional level. | type iii secretion systems of enteric bacteria enable translocation of effector proteins into host cells. secreted proteins of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 strains include components of a translocation apparatus, espa, -b, and -d, as well as "effectors" such as the translocated intimin receptor (tir) and the mitochondrion-associated protein (map). this research has investigated the regulation of lee4 translocon proteins, in particular espa. espa filaments could not be detected on the bact ... | 2003 | 14500511 |
| escherichia coli associated with colostrum-free neonatal pigs raised in isolation. | escherichia coli 08 was the most frequent coliform isolated from the blood and liver of morbid and dead neonatal, colostrum-free piglets raised under extremely sanitary conditions. this strain accounted for 67 per cent of the typable e. coli. the next most numerous strain occurred at a frequency of 6 per cent. hence, e. coli 08 was considered the main coli enteropathogen in our experimental, isolated environment. in random samples of the feces of healthy and diarrhetic neonatal piglets, 24 per c ... | 1962 | 14463349 |
| galactosidase action on human blood group b active escherichia coli and on red cell substances. | the blood group b specificity of escherichia coli o(86) antigen, a b specific oligosaccharide fraction from it, and the b activity of a preparation of an "infectious mononucleosis receptor" from cattle erythrocytes are destroyed by alpha-galactosidase from the coffee bean, as demonstrated for the e. coli antigen by three methods. blood group h(o) activity appears simultaneously. galactose is the only hexose released from all three substances. | 1964 | 14202031 |
| studies on the metabolic function of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, growth factors for ruminococci. i. incorporation of isovalerate into leucine. | allison, milton j. (dairy cattle research branch, u. s. department of agriculture, beltsville, md.), m. p. bryant, and r. n. doetsch. studies on the metabolic function of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, growth factors for ruminococci. i. incorporation of isovalerate into leucine. j. bacteriol. 83:523-532. 1962.-ruminococcus flavefaciens strain c94, a cellulolytic rumen bacterium, requires either isobutyrate or isovalerate for growth. the organism was grown in the presence of c(14)-labeled i ... | 1962 | 13860621 |
| studies of the bactericidal action of phagocytin. | the bactericidal activity of phagocytin on gram-negative enteric bacilli is influenced by the reaction of the medium; the more acid the environment, the more marked is the activity. phagocytin exerts approximately the same action whether citrate, acetate, or phosphate salts are used as buffer, and the addition of glucose, casein hydrolysate, or cation binding agents does not produce notable change. although proteins in general have but little effect, the inclusion in the medium of a high concent ... | 1956 | 13319581 |
| calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, a novel therapeutic drug for lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated diseases, attenuates lps toxicity in mice and piglets. | it has been demonstrated that human placental alkaline phosphatase (hplap) attenuates the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated inflammatory response, likely through dephosphorylation of the lipid a moiety of lps. in this study, it is demonstrated that also alkaline phosphatase derived from calf intestine (ciap) is able to detoxify lps. in mice administered ciap, 80% of the animals survived a lethal escherichia coli infection. in piglets, previous to lps detoxification, the pharmacokinetic behavior ... | 2003 | 12970380 |
| thermodynamics of heme binding to the hasa(sm) hemophore: effect of mutations at three key residues for heme uptake. | hasa(sm) secreted by the gram-negative bacterium serratia marcescens belongs to the hemophore family. its role is to take up heme from host heme carriers and to shuttle it to specific receptors. heme is linked to the hasa(sm) protein by an unusual axial ligand pair: his32 and tyr75. the nucleophilic nature of the tyrosine is enhanced by the hydrogen bonding of the tyrosinate to a neighboring histidine in the binding site: his83. we used isothermal titration microcalorimetry to examine the thermo ... | 2003 | 12962486 |
| enhanced production of alpha-galactosyl epitopes by metabolically engineered pichia pastoris. | a metabolically engineered pichia pastoris strain was constructed that harbored three heterologous enzymes: an s11e mutated sucrose synthase from vigna radiata, a truncated udp-glucose c4 epimerase from saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a truncated bovine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase. each gene has its own methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and transcription terminator on the chromosomal dna of p. pastoris strain gs115. the proteins were coexpressed intracellularly under the induction ... | 2003 | 12957908 |
| subtyping intimin genes from enteropathogenic escherichia coli associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases in the united kingdom and eire. | pcr-rflp methods for subtyping the intimin gene from strains of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) were compared. a novel hhai pcr-rflp method was developed that was rapid, easy to use and amplified an 1852 bp fragment of the intimin gene from all isolates examined. this method was used to investigate the intimin sub-types of epec strains associated with 14 outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease between 1967 and 2001, and 20 sporadic ... | 2003 | 12944116 |
| acid resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle fed hay or grain. | there has been strong debate as to whether feeding cattle hay prior to slaughter will reduce the number and/or virulence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in the bovine gastrointestinal tract (git). this study addressed this issue by comparing numbers, persistence, and acid resistance of generic coliforms and e. coli o157:h7 from various gastrointestinal tract sites of cattle fed grain or hay. mature angus steers, doubly cannulated into the rumen and duodenum were inoculated with e. coli o157:h7. aliq ... | 2003 | 12935748 |
| fate of coliform bacteria in composted beef cattle feedlot manure. | the link between livestock production, manure management, and human health has received much public attention in recent years. composting is often promoted as a means of sanitizing manure to ensure that pathogenic bacteria are not spread to a wider environment during land application. in a two-year study (1998 and 1999) in southern alberta, we examined the fate of coliform bacteria during windrow composting of cattle (bos taurus) manure from feedlot pens bedded with cereal straw or wood chips. n ... | 2003 | 12931908 |
| l-selectin and beta2-integrin expression on circulating bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during endotoxin mastitis. | the aim of this in vivo study was to examine the effect of intramammarily administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) on the expression of l-selectin (cd62l) and the beta2-integrin subunits cd11b and cd18 on circulating bovine pmn. six early lactating cows were infused with escherichia coli lps. the adhesion molecules under study were stained at the cell surface and analyzed flow cytometrically. in addition, some of the clinical parameters associated with adhesion molecule mobilization such ... | 2003 | 12906050 |
| effect of intramammary escherichia coli endotoxin in early- vs. late-lactating dairy cows. | we investigated the differences in the effect of intramammarily infused endotoxin for cows in early (el) and late (ll) lactation. in this crossover study, nine cows were challenged twice with 100 microg of intramammarily infused escherichia coli 0111:b4 lps, each cow serving its own control. systemic and local signs were recorded throughout the experiment to assess the severity of each cow's response. daily milk yield and indicators of inflammation in blood and milk were also recorded. the respo ... | 2003 | 12906049 |
| presence of activatable shiga toxin genotype (stx(2d)) in shiga toxigenic escherichia coli from livestock sources. | stx2d is a recently described shiga toxin whose cytotoxicity is activated 10- to 1000-fold by the elastase present in mouse or human intestinal mucus. we examined shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from food and livestock sources for the presence of activatable stx(2d). the stx(2) operons of stec were first analyzed by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and categorized as stx(2), stx(2c vha), stx(2c vhb), or stx(2d eh250). subsequently, the stx(2c ... | 2003 | 12904389 |
| genomic approach to identification of mycobacterium bovis diagnostic antigens in cattle. | differential delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing with tuberculin purified protein derivatives from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium is the standard for diagnosing bovine tuberculosis. however, improved tests based on defined, specific antigens are urgently needed. in the present study, a combination of bioinformatics, molecular biology, and bovine models of infection were used to screen mycobacterial proteins for their potential as diagnostic reagents which could be used in a whole-blood ... | 2003 | 12904381 |
| detection of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111 and o145 from bovine faeces using immunomagnetic separation and pcr/dna probe techniques. | the aim of this study was to isolate escherichia coli o26, o103, o111 and o145 from 745 samples of bovine faeces using (i) immunomagnetic separation (ims) beads coated with antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, and slide agglutination (sa) tests and (ii) pcr and dna probes for the detection of the verocytotoxin (vt) genes. | 2003 | 12904221 |
| characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper midwest region of the united states. | while cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. in the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in wisconsin between may and october of 2001, we established a higher prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in fecal and/or tissue sample ... | 2003 | 12902258 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface waters of southern alberta and its relation to manure sources. | the oldman river watershed in southern alberta, canada, is an extensively irrigated region in which intensive agricultural practices have flourished. concern over water quality in the basin has been expressed because of high levels of enteric disease indigenous to the region. to address these concerns, we conducted a 2-year study to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface water within the basin. this study is the first of its kind to identify e. coli o1 ... | 2003 | 12897826 |
| is pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t suitable as a probiotic? an in vitro study. | rumen bacterium pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t possessed a potent xylanolytic enzyme system consisting of at least 7 different xylan hydrolases with molar mass 27-145 kda. three of them were successfully isolated in active native form. this strain produced butyrate and lactate on different saccharides. cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid was also detected in the culture medium. bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances of mz5t were active against some strains of rumen bacteria and ... | 2003 | 12879743 |
| susceptibility of escherichia coli and enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and broiler chickens to tetracycline degradation products and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in e. coli from food animals. | one hundred escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs, cattle and broiler chickens were screened for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e). the tet(a) gene was the most abundant (71% of the 100 isolates) followed by tet(b) (25%). the predominance of tet(a) and tet(b) applied to all three animal species, and there was no difference between the distribution of tet(a) and tet(b) genes among non-pathogenic and pathogenic e. coli in any of the anima ... | 2003 | 12860079 |
| transfer of a rifampicin-resistant escherichia coli strain among feedlot cattle. | to determine the incidence of transfer of a naturally occurring rifampicin-resistant strain of escherichia coli (rrec) among cattle in a research feedlot. | 2003 | 12859774 |
| preparation of recombinant rat eosinophil-associated ribonuclease-1 and -2 and analysis of their biological activities. | rat eosinophils contain eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in their granules. ears are thought to be synthesized as pre-forms and stored in the granules as mature forms. however, the n-terminal amino acid of mature ear-1 and ear-2 is still controversial. therefore, we prepared two recombinant mature forms of ear-1 and ear-2 in which the n-terminal amino acids are ser24 (s) [ear-1 (s) and ear-2 (s)] and gln26 (q) [ear-1 (q) and ear-2 (q)], and analyzed their biological activities by compa ... | 2003 | 12853122 |
| efficient hsp90-independent in vitro activation by hsc70 and hsp40 of duck hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase, an assumed hsp90 client protein. | hsp90 is a specialized chaperone that controls the activity of many key regulator proteins such as steroid hormone receptors (shrs). hormone binding, and therefore shr activation, requires hsp90, which is loaded onto the receptors by a series of events involving hsp70, hsp40, hop, and p23. the reverse transcriptase (rt) of hepatitis b viruses, small dna-containing viruses that replicate via an rna intermediate, has been reported to depend similarly on hsp90 for enzymatic activity. using an in vi ... | 2003 | 12851401 |
| glutamate counteracts the denaturing effect of urea through its effect on the denatured state. | the urea induced equilibrium denaturation behavior of glutaminyl-trna synthetase from escherichia coli (glnrs) in 0.25 m potassium l-glutamate, a naturally occurring osmolyte in e. coli, has been studied. both the native to molten globule and molten globule to unfolded state transitions are shifted significantly toward higher urea concentrations in the presence of l-glutamate, suggesting that l-glutamate has the ability to counteract the denaturing effect of urea. d-glutamate has a similar effec ... | 2003 | 12844489 |
| occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds in the west littoral region in uruguay. | twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the west littoral region of uruguay. in samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees c during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. no bacteria grew ... | 2002 | 12831175 |
| sensitivity of methods for the isolation of escherichia coli o157 from naturally infected bovine faeces. | at present, no standard protocol has been described to detect the presence of escherichia coli o157 in cattle faeces. therefore, the sensitivity of 26 different isolation methods was determined in order to recommend a method of choice. faeces samples from 17 different beef cattle at a farm previously found positive for e. coli o157 were subdivided into a total of 40 samples. it was not known whether the 17 cattle shed e. coli o157 at the time of sampling. at another farm where cattle have been f ... | 2003 | 12829388 |
| field trials on the prophylaxis of intramammary infections in pregnant heifers. | the study was carried out in 5 farms on 174 pregnant heifers. clinical examination of the udder and bacteriological tests of quarter secretion were performed between the 8th and 3rd week before parturition, and then the animals were divided into a control group (64 heifers) and 3 experimental groups and immediately treated. a group of 32 experimental heifers was injected once with antioxidants (vitamin a--600,000 i.u.; vitamin d3--200,000 i.u.; vitamin e--1.5 mg/kg b.w., selenium--0.022 mg/kg b. ... | 2003 | 12817782 |
| rapid sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | to develop an improved, rapid and sensitive sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | 2003 | 12807462 |
| surveillance for antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens from the perspective of a regional diagnostic laboratory. | the toowoomba veterinary laboratory tests for antibiotic resistance through passive surveillance of bacterial pathogens from diseased, frequently intensively managed, animals. testing is carried out on the basis of the number of animals involved, the nature and severity of the disease and the identity and significance of the bacterium, the results guiding the submitting veterinarian in implementing appropriate treatment. the antibiotics chosen for testing are those that are currently registered ... | 2003 | 12807288 |
| antibiotic resistance in animals. | there is currently no systematic surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic resistance in australian animals. registration of antibiotics for use in animals is tightly controlled and has been very conservative. fluoroquinolones have not been registered for use in food producing animals and other products have been removed from the market because of human health concerns. in the late 1970s, the animal health committee coordinated a survey of resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates fr ... | 2003 | 12807287 |
| antitumour activity and specificity as a function of substitutions in the lipophilic sector of helical lactoferrin-derived peptide. | a peptide l5 (pawrkafrwawrmlkkaa), derived from the n-terminal alpha-helical region of bovine lactoferrin (lfb 14-31), that is highly active against several tumour cell lines was reported earlier. in this study, a number of l5 analogues were designed in order to investigate how subsequent replacements of the aromatic amino acids in l5 with three amino acids representing different structural parameters influenced antitumour activity and tumour cell specificity relative to normal human cells. the ... | 2003 | 12803496 |
| pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in neonatal calves and evaluation of fecal shedding by treatment with probiotic escherichia coli. | the pathogenicity and fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11, o111:nm, and o157:h7 were compared in calves (< 1 week of age) with or without prior treatment with probiotic bacteria (competitive exclusion e. coli). three groups of 12 to 14 calves were used for these treatments. half of the calves in each group were perorally administered 10(10) cfu of probiotic bacteria per calf, and, 2 days thereafter, 10(8) cfu of a five-strain mixture with one of the three ehec ser ... | 2003 | 12800990 |
| bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern ethiopia. | a study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern ethiopia. a total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous zebu, 85 jersey and 60 holstein-friesian. were examined by clinical examination and the california mastitis (cmt) test. of these, 40.4% were positive by cmt and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevale ... | 2003 | 12797409 |
| recombinant bovine soluble cd14 reduces severity of experimental escherichia coli mastitis in mice. | endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (lps), is responsible for pathogenesis of infections induced by gram-negative bacteria, such as e. coli. the cellular response to lps is modulated by interactions among lps, lps-binding protein (lbp) and cd14. accumulated evidence shows that the soluble form of cd14 (scd14) competes with membrane-bound cd14 (mcd14) for lps and plays a pivotal role in regulating bacterial infection and septic shock caused by gram-negative bacteria. recombinant bovine scd14 (rboscd ... | 2003 | 12791240 |
| antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from dairy cow milk samples submitted for bacterial culture: 8,905 samples (1994-2001). | to determine whether antimicrobial resistance patterns of major mastitis pathogens isolated from milk samples from dairy cows have changed over time. | 2003 | 12784967 |
| a comparison of dna extraction and purification methods to detect escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle manure. | the extraction of dna from manure and the subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of virulence genes to detect pathogens require an effective method of purification. four different methods were assessed for their effectiveness in extracting and purifying escherichia coli o157:h7 dna from cattle manure: phenol/chloroform purification, phenol/chloroform/sepharose b4 spin columns, phenol/chloroform/polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (pvpp) spun columns, and mo bio ultraclean kit. a pcr assay ... | 2003 | 12782372 |
| progesterone increases susceptibility of gilts to uterine infections after intrauterine inoculation with infectious bacteria. | in cattle and sheep, a progestogenated uterus is susceptible to infections, but this is not well documented for pigs. therefore, the effects of day of the estrous cycle and progesterone on the susceptibility to uterine infections were evaluated. gilts (n = 5 per group) were assigned to treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrays. in exp. 1, day of cycle and bacterial challenge were main effects. on d 0 or 8, uteri were inoculated with either 70 x 10(7) cfu of escherichia coli and 150 x 10(7) cfu of arc ... | 2003 | 12772852 |
| structure-function study of the amino-terminal stretch of the catalase subunit molecule in oligomerization, heme binding, and activity expression. | analysis of the protein structure of bovine liver catalase suggested that the n-terminal region containing two alpha-helices may function as a linker binding to another subunit. the number of amino-acid residues in catalase from the n-alkane-assimilating yeast candida tropicalis (ctc) is the lowest of any eukaryotic catalase molecule hitherto investigated, and only one helix, corresponding to the helix alpha2 in bovine liver catalase, is estimated to be present in the same region. in the present ... | 2003 | 12764563 |
| membrane topology of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. | the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) have been predicted to have a classical seven transmembrane domain structure similar to that seen for members of the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) superfamily. however, the mglurs (and other members of the family c gpcrs) show no sequence homology to the rhodopsin-like gpcrs, for which this seven transmembrane domain structure has been experimentally confirmed. furthermore, several transmembrane domain prediction algorithms suggest that the mglur ... | 2003 | 12764131 |
| impact of ph enhancement on populations of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in boneless lean beef trimmings. | boneless lean beef trimmings were inoculated with multiple strains of salmonellae, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 at levels of ca. 6 log10 cfu/g. ph enhancement with ammonia gas was then used to increase the ph of the trimmings to ca. 9.6. the product was then frozen, chipped, and compressed into blocks. ph enhancement reduced the populations of salmonellae, l. monocytogenes, and e. coli o157:h7 by approximately 4, 3, and 1 log10 cycles, respectively. after the product had ... | 2003 | 12747699 |
| escherichia coil o157 diversity with respect to survival during drying on concrete. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 123) were divided into groups according to origin, genotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] type, or ribotype), type of stx produced, or phage type (pt). the survival rate ([number of cfu after 24 h of drying/number of cfu before drying] x 100) for each isolate was determined in triplicate after drying on concrete for 24.0 h. the overall mean survival rate among the 123 e. coli o157 isolates studied was 22.9%, but there was ... | 2003 | 12747685 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and performance by beef feedlot cattle given lactobacillus direct-fed microbials. | fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7, the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (dfms) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. steers were evaluated for shedding of e. coli o157:h7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the dfms, and every 14 days thereafter until ... | 2003 | 12747680 |
| role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis. | the role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis was investigated in first-lactation heifers. twenty-three primigravid holstein heifers were maintained on a basal (6.5 ppm copper; -cu) diet or a diet supplemented (20 ppm) with copper sulfate (+cu) beginning 60 d prepartum through 42 d of lactation. liver biopsies and blood samples were taken for liver and blood minerals and plasma ceruloplasmin. milk samples were taken weekly postpartum for bacteriology. the overal ... | 2003 | 12741549 |
| characterization and proteolytic origins of specific peptides appearing during lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis. | based on the compositional change of the proteose peptone fraction, proteolysis was studied over time following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental mastitis. electrophoresis of the proteose peptone fraction revealed many degradation products. five peptides were identified by amino-terminal sequencing as internal fragments of beta-, kappa-, alpha(s1)-, and alpha(s2)-casein that were generated by somatic cell proteases. although kappa-casein is considered particularly resistant to endogenous p ... | 2003 | 12741540 |
| a mammalian cell regulatory agent, ceres-18, inhibits yeast cell proliferation but not bacterial replication. | a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide, ceres-18, purified from intact bovine cerebral cortex cells, has exhibited the capability of reversibly inhibiting cellular dna synthesis and the proliferation of a wide array of mammalian cells. in the present study, the effect of ceres-18 on the proliferation of bacterial ( bacillus cereus and escherichia coli) and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells was investigated. the results showed that replication and viability of the ... | 2003 | 12732963 |
| origin of contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli in beef cattle. | the possible origin of beef contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli populations in beef cattle, on carcasses and ground beef, was examined by using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the flic gene. e. coli was recovered from the feces of 10 beef cattle during pasture grazing and feedlot finishing and from hides, carcasses, and ground beef after slaughter. the 1,403 e. coli isolates (855 fecal, 320 ... | 2003 | 12732550 |
| genetic characterization of escherichia coli populations from host sources of fecal pollution by using dna fingerprinting. | escherichia coli isolates were obtained from common host sources of fecal pollution and characterized by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr fingerprinting. the genetic relationship of strains within each host group was assessed as was the relationship of strains among different host groups. multiple isolates from a single host animal (gull, human, or dog) were found to be identical; however, in some of the animals, additional strains occurred at a lower frequency. rep pcr fingerpr ... | 2003 | 12732525 |
| factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 by beef suckler cows. | a study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 by beef cows in scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. the faecal pat samples were tested for vtec o157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. que ... | 2003 | 12729199 |
| a new method for enzymatic preparation of isopentenyladenine-type and trans-zeatin-type cytokinins with radioisotope-labeling. | we describe a new enzymatic reaction method for the preparation of the radioisotope-labeled cytokinins isopentenyladenine (ip), trans-zeatin (tz), and their ribosides. the method is based on the three enzyme activities of an adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ipt; ec 2.5.1.27) from arabidopsis thaliana, an alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) from calf intestine, and a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (ec 2.4.2.1) from escherichia coli. the a. thaliana ipt, atipt7, utilized both dimethylallyldiphosph ... | 2003 | 12728344 |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the source and the vehicle of contamination with ehec o26 are not often identified. we report two austrian cases of hus due to e. coli o26:h- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified. | 2003 | 12718809 |
| occurrence and characteristics of cs31a antigen-producing escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea and septicaemia in argentina. | cs31a is a k88-related non-fimbrial adhesin first described on escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves. in this report, cs31a antigen was screened by immunological methods and confirmed by pcr among bovine e. coli isolates. in addition, cs31a-producing strains were characterized with respect to different fimbrial antigens, o-serogroup and other properties related to virulence. faecal or tissue specimens of 100 diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves and 27 older cattle ... | 2003 | 12710494 |
| pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness--a review. | the influence of zoonotic pathogens in animal manure on human health and well-being as a direct or indirect cause of human enteric illness is examined. available international data are considered, but the study is focused on the developing situation in western canada, where it is certain there will be further rapid growth in livestock numbers, particularly hogs. major pathogens considered are escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, cryptosporidium, and giardia. canada is n ... | 2003 | 12708660 |
| bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling. | pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the uk and elsewhere. domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the f ... | 2003 | 12706055 |
| risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in eight known-infected danish dairy herds. | a risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 in a former prevalence study. associations between excretion of vtec o157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. the animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. the risk of excreting vtec o157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. among the calves aged 1-4 ... | 2003 | 12706052 |
| influence of agitation, inoculum density, ph, and strain on the growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7--relevance to risk assessment. | foods may differ in at least two key variables from broth culture systems typically used to measure growth kinetics of enteropathogens: initial population density of the pathogen and agitation of the culture. the present study used nine escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from beef and associated with human illness. initial kinetic experiments with one e. coli o157:h7 strain in brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth at ph 5.5 were performed in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, testing the effects of ... | 2003 | 12706036 |
| forage feeding to reduce preharvest escherichia coli populations in cattle, a review. | although escherichia coli are commensal organisms that reside within the host gut, some pathogenic strains of e. coli can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. the most notable enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strain is o157:h7. cattle are asymptomatic natural reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7, and it has been reported that as many as 30% of all cattle are carriers of this pathogen, and in some circumstances this can be as high as 80%. feedlot and high-producing dairy cattle are fed large grain ratio ... | 2003 | 12703622 |
| thermal inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef supplemented with sodium lactate. | a study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate (nal) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in 93% lean ground beef. samples inoculated with a mixture of four strains of e. coli o157:h7 (10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g) were subjected to immersion heating in a water bath stabilized at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, or 65 degrees c. results of statistical analysis indicated that the heating temperature was the only factor affecting the decimal reduction tim ... | 2003 | 12696693 |
| 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency is caused by mutations in the hadh2 gene. | 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase (mhbd) deficiency is a novel inborn error of isoleucine degradation. in this article, we report the elucidation of the molecular basis of mhbd deficiency. to this end, we purified the enzyme from bovine liver. maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified protein was identical to bovine 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase type ii. the human homolog of this bovine enzyme is a short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, also known as the " ... | 2003 | 12696021 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from healthy dairy cattle in southern brazil. | over a period of 1 year, the production of verotoxin was investigated in 1127 escherichia coli isolated from 243 dairy cattle from 60 small farms in southern brazil. vero cell assay was used to detect toxins in culture supernatants from e. coli isolated from bovine feces. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) detection rates were 95% (57 of 60) for farms and 49% (119 of 243) for cattle. prevalence of stec-positive cattle in the farms ranged from 0 to 100%. ninety-six percent (315 of 327) of the s ... | 2003 | 12695042 |
| molecular cloning and heterologous expression in e. coli of cytochrome p45017alpha. comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes p450 from different species. | to elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cdna for three new forms of cytochrome p45017alpha from species of the bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (p4) or pregnenolone (p5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of c(19)-steroids. recombinant cytochrome ... | 2003 | 12693981 |
| evidence for a cd14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and thp-1 monocytic cells. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of macrophages or monocytes is believed to occur via a serum- and cd14-dependent signaling pathway via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). we sought to determine whether serum and/or cd14 are required for lps to induce the endotoxin-tolerant state in human monocytes. lps treatments were performed in the presence or absence of an anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody and with or without fetal bovine serum. endotoxin tolerance was assessed after an 18-h exposure (pretreatment ... | 2003 | 12688542 |
| vaccination strategies for reducing clinical severity of coliform mastitis. | brief history and extensive published field efficacy data of the two rough ("r") bacterial mutants utilized in commercial preparations of the core antigen bacterins escherichia coli o111:b4 (strain j5) and salmonella typhimurium re-17 are summarized. particular dosage schedules and routes of administration of coliform mastitis bacterins are compared for their associated ecacy. practical concerns in employing a coliform mastitis vaccination program are discussed. characteristics of farms using co ... | 2003 | 12682942 |
| presence and characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli virulence genes in f165-positive e. coli strains isolated from diseased calves and pigs. | the virulence genotype profile and presence of a pathogenicity island(s) (pai) were studied in 18 strains of f165-positive escherichia coli originally isolated from diseased calves or piglets. on the basis of their adhesion phenotypes and genotypes, these extraintestinal pathogenic strains were classified into three groups. the f165 fimbrial complex consists of at least two serologically and genetically distinct fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) is encoded by the foo operon (pap-like), and ... | 2003 | 12682117 |
| [cloning and expression of a novel ubiquitin fusion gene uba256]. | spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene is the only ub-gp37 fusion gene in the genome of insect viruses. with the specific primers designed for uba256 gene that was reported recently, the coding regions of uba256, n-terminal ubiquitin and c-terminal gp37 that lacking the signal sequence, were amplified from spltmnpv genomic dna by pcr. the uba256 coding region was expressed using the expression vector pbv220, and a band of 38 kd was detected with western blot analysis, indi ... | 2003 | 12673391 |
| verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in spain: prevalence, serotypes, and virulence genes of o157:h7 and non-o157 vtec in ruminants, raw beef products, and humans. | in spain, as in many other countries, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains have been frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, and foods. vtec strains have caused seven outbreaks in spain (six caused by e. coli o157:h7 and one by e. coli o111:h- [nonmotile]) in recent years. an analysis of the serotypes indicated serological diversity. among the strains isolated from humans, serotypes o26:h11, o111:h-, and o157:h7 were found to be more prevalent. the most frequently detected serotyp ... | 2003 | 12671177 |
| sympathoadrenal and immune system activation during the periparturient period and their association with bovine coliform mastitis. a review. | increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-yielding cows during early lactation has been attributed to a depressed functional capacity of the immune system. sympathoadrenal factors are known to play an important role in modulating the host susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases. of primary importance in combating acute intramammary infections are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), as they represent one of the early lines of immunological defense. the release of stress hormon ... | 2003 | 12670012 |
| enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, particularly the o157(:h7) serogroup, has become a worldwide public health concern. since cattle feces are often implicated as the source of e. coli o157 in human infections, considerable resources have been devoted to defining the epidemiology and ecology of e. coli o157 in cattle environments so that control might begin at the farm level. diagnostic limitations and the complexity of often interrelated microbial, animal, herd, environmental and production fac ... | 2002 | 12665108 |
| cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the murine peroxisomal flavoprotein, n1-acetylated polyamine oxidase. | the aminoacyl sequences of three regions of pure bovine n1-acetylated polyamine oxidase (pao) were obtained and used to search genbanktm. this led to the cloning and sequencing of a complete coding cdna for murine pao (mpao) and the 5'-truncated coding region of the bovine pao (bpao) gene. a search of genbanktm indicated that mpao maps to murine chromosome 7 as seven exons. the translated amino acid sequences of mpao and bpao have a -pro-arg-leu peroxisomal targeting signal at the extreme c term ... | 2003 | 12660232 |
| recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors efficiently and persistently transduce chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. | successful gene transfer into articular cartilage is a prerequisite for gene therapy of articular joint disorders. in the present study we tested the hypothesis that recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) vectors are capable of effecting gene transfer in isolated articular chondrocytes in vitro, articular cartilage tissue in vitro, and sites of articular damage in vivo. using an raav vector carrying the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) under the control of the cytomegalovirus ( ... | 2003 | 12659680 |
| novel bioluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase using adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate as substrate and the luciferin-luciferase reaction and its application. | this paper describes a novel bioluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase (alp) utilizing atp-sulfurylase and the luciferin-luciferase reaction. the principle governing the assay is as follows. adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphosulfate, which serves as the substrate for alp, is hydrolyzed enzymatically to produce adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (aps). aps is converted into atp by atp-sulfurylase in the presence of pyrophosphate. the atp produced is detected by the luciferin-luciferase reaction. the m ... | 2003 | 12654306 |
| rapid purification of recombinant betab2-crystallin using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | betab2-crystallin, the major subunit of beta-crystallins, is difficult to purify either from lens homogenate or from betah-or betal-crystallins. it has been prepared by heterologous expression in escherichia coli. most often, the methods used for purifying a recombinant globular protein employ the combination of ion-exchange with gel filtration chromatography. in the case of betab2-crystallin too, different approaches have been used to obtain the purified protein, majority of which use a combina ... | 2003 | 12651120 |
| periparturient endocrine and metabolic changes in healthy cows and in cows affected by mastitis. | transition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cows involves considerable metabolic adaptation. additional stress is incurred during infections such as periparturient mastitis. multiparous holstein-friesian cows kept under normal production conditions (n = 15) were used to evaluate changes in circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations from 5 days before to 5 days after calving. insulin-like growth factor binding protein (igfbp) profiles were also monitored. marked time-related changes we ... | 2003 | 12650505 |
| rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated in ground beef, chicken carcass, and lettuce samples with an immunomagnetic chemiluminescence fiber-optic biosensor. | a biosensor was evaluated with regard to its usefulness in the rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated in ground beef, chicken carcass, and romaine lettuce samples. the biosensor consisted of a chemiluminescence reaction cell, a fiber-optic light guide, and a luminometer linked to a personal computer in conjunction with immunomagnetic separation. the samples inoculated with e. coli o157:h7 were first centrifuged and suspended in buffered peptone water and then incubated with anti- ... | 2003 | 12636312 |
| microbiological effects of hand washing at a beef carcass-breaking facility. | the hands of workers in the carcass-breaking facility at a beef packing plant were sampled by rinsing. total aerobes, coliforms, and escherichia coli were enumerated for each sample. the numbers of bacteria recovered from duplicate groups of 25 hand samples collected before and after hands were washed with an antibacterial gel, rinsed in a disinfectant solution, washed with the gel and rinsed with the disinfectant, or washed in the disinfectant for 20 s were similar for samples collected before ... | 2003 | 12636307 |
| viability of clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes surviving mild heat or aqueous ozone treatment on beef followed by heat, alkali, or salt stress. | the threat of pathogen survival following ozone treatment of meat necessitates careful evaluation of the microorganisms surviving under such circumstances. the objective of this study was to determine whether sublethal aqueous ozone treatment (3 ppm of o3 for 5 min) of microorganisms on beef surfaces would result in increased or decreased survival with respect to subsequent heat, alkali, or nacl stress. a mild heat treatment (55 degrees c for 30 min) was used for comparison. reductions in three- ... | 2003 | 12636289 |
| dissemination of pheu- and phev-located genomic islands among enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) e. coli and their possible role in the horizontal transfer of the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). | we have recently shown that the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of the bovine enterohemorrhagic e. coli rw1374 (o103:h2) resides within a large pathogenicity island (pai), integrated in the vicinity of the phenylalanine trna gene phev. here we describe an additional, but lee-negative genomic island in rw1374 in the vicinity of another phenylalanine trna gene, pheu, the sequence of which is identical to phev. these two genomic islands revealed identity of the left, but a relative variability ... | 2003 | 12635929 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of porcine cd40 ligand in escherichia coli and human and porcine cells. | the cd40l ligand (cd40l) plays an important role in the interaction between antigen-specific t lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. the porcine cd40l encoding gene was isolated from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cloned cd40l gene showed an open reading frame of 786 base pairs encoding a 262 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 29 kd. the deduced amino acid sequence of the porcine cd40l shared 82%, 88% and 93% simila ... | 2002 | 12633569 |
| an improved enrichment broth for isolation of escherichia coli o157, with specific reference to starved cells, from radish sprouts. | an enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of escherichia coli o157 from radish sprouts. the broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (stg-bpw), which was designed to allow growth of e. coli o157 in starved and unstarved states. however, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol macconkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (ct-smac) resembled that of e. coli o157. bot ... | 2003 | 12620883 |
| comparison of methods for dna isolation from food samples for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by real-time pcr. | in this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, and then dna was isolated by using four commercial kits. the isolated dna samples were compared by using real-time pcr detection of the shiga toxin genes. the four kits tested worked similarly. | 2003 | 12620880 |