Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [development of sybr green i real-time rt-pcr for the detection of ebola virus]. | in order to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of ebola virus (ebov), the primers used in sybr green i real-time rt-pcr were designed based on the ebov np gene sequences published in genbank. the sybr green i real-time rt-pcr was established and optimized for the detection of ebov. the ebov rna that was transcribed in vitro was used as a template. the sensitivity of this method was found to reach 1.0 x 10(2) copies/microl and the detection range was 10(2) - 10(10). no cross ... | 2012 | 23233935 |
| generation and characterization of a new panel of broadly reactive anti-ns1 mabs for detection of influenza a virus. | influenza a virus (iav) non-structural protein 1 (ns1) has multiple functions, is essential for virus replication and may be a good target for iav diagnosis. to generate broadly cross-reactive ns1-specific mabs, mice were immunized with a/hong kong/1/1968 (h3n2) 6×his-tagged ns1 and hybridomas were screened with glutathione s-transferase-conjugated ns1 of a/puerto rico/8/1934 (h1n1). mabs were isotyped and numerous igg-type clones were characterized further. most clones specifically recognized n ... | 2013 | 23223621 |
| an in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral rna segments of an avian h5n2 influenza a virus: comparison with a human h3n2 virus. | the genome of influenza a viruses (iav) is split into eight viral rnas (vrnas) that are encapsidated as viral ribonucleoproteins. the existence of a segment-specific packaging mechanism is well established, but the molecular basis of this mechanism remains to be deciphered. selective packaging could be mediated by direct interaction between the vrna packaging regions, but such interactions have never been demonstrated in virions. recently, we showed that the eight vrnas of a human h3n2 iav form ... | 2013 | 23221636 |
| unique gangliosides synthesized in vitro by sialyltransferases from marine bacteria and their characterization: ganglioside synthesis by bacterial sialyltransferases. | on the basis of the results outlined in our previous report, bacterial sialyltransferases (st) from marine sources were further characterized using glycosphingolipids (gsl), especially ganglio-series gsls, based on the enzymatic characteristics and kinetic parameters obtained by line weaver-burk plots. among them, ga1 and ga2 were found to be good substrates for these unique sts. thus, new gangliosides synthesized by α2-3 and α2-6sts were structurally characterized by several analytical procedur ... | 2013 | 23220479 |
| impaired dendritic cell maturation in response to pandemic h1n109 influenza virus. | infection with pandemic a/h1n1/2009 influenza virus led to hospitalisation of patients not expected to be at risk of severe disease from seasonal influenza infection. | 2013 | 23218952 |
| molecular characterization of the predominant influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus in mexico, december 2011-february 2012. | when the a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic influenza virus moved into the post-pandemic period, there was a worldwide predominance of the seasonal influenza a(h3n2) and b viruses. however, a(h1n1)pdm09 became the prevailing subtype in the 2011-2012 influenza season in mexico and most of central america. during this season, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs of individuals presenting with influenza-like illness at our institution in mexico city. samples were tested for seasonal a(h3n2) and b influenza viruses ... | 2012 | 23209653 |
| influenza b-cells protective epitope characterization: a passkey for the rational design of new broad-range anti-influenza vaccines. | the emergence of new influenza strains causing pandemics represents a serious threat to human health. from 1918, four influenza pandemics occurred, caused by h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 subtypes. moreover, in 1997 a novel influenza avian strain belonging to the h5n1 subtype infected humans. nowadays, even if its transmission is still circumscribed to avian species, the capability of the virus to infect humans directly from avian reservoirs can result in fatalities. moreover, the risk that this or novel ... | 2012 | 23202517 |
| rapid detection and differentiation of swine-origin influenza a virus (h1n1/2009) from other seasonal influenza a viruses. | we previously developed a rapid and simple gold nanoparticle(np)-based genomic microarray assay for identification of the avian h5n1 virus and its discrimination from other influenza a virus strains (h1n1, h3n2). in this study, we expanded the platform to detect the 2009 swine-origin influenza a virus (h1n1/2009). multiple specific capture and intermediate oligonucleotides were designed for the matrix (m), hemagglutinin (ha), and neuraminidase (na) genes of the h1n1/2009 virus. the h1n1/2009 mic ... | 2012 | 23202513 |
| evaluation of influenza virus antiviral susceptibility testing in europe: results from the first external quality assessment exercise. | the first antiviral susceptibility testing external quality assessment (eqa) was held for european influenza reference laboratories during winter 2010/11. | 2013 | 23201459 |
| a "pre-seasonal" hospital outbreak of influenza pneumonia caused by the drift variant a/victoria/361/2011-like h3n2 viruses, hong kong, 2011. | beginning from late 2011 and early 2012, increasing circulation of antigenically drifted influenza a/victoria/361/2011-like h3n2 viruses within genotype 3 of the a/victoria/208/2009 clade have been reported in multiple european countries and elsewhere. whether these emerging viruses are associated with increased disease severity is unclear. | 2013 | 23201458 |
| influenza a virus infection dynamics in swine farms in belgium, france, italy and spain, 2006-2008. | avian-like h1n1 and reassortant h3n2 and h1n2 influenza a viruses with a human-like haemagglutinin have been co-circulating in swine in europe for more than a decade. we aimed to examine the infection dynamics of the three swine influenza virus (siv) lineages at the farm level, and to identify possible regional and seasonal variations in their circulation. sera were collected from six successive generations of fattening pigs (2006-2008) in a total 80 farrow-to-finish herds in belgium, italy, fra ... | 2013 | 23201246 |
| neutrophils infected with highly virulent influenza h3n2 virus exhibit augmented early cell death and rapid induction of type i interferon signaling pathways. | we developed a model of influenza virus infection of neutrophils by inducing differentiation of the mpro promyelocytic cell line. after 5 days of differentiation, about 20-30% of mature neutrophils could be detected. only a fraction of neutrophils were infected by highly virulent influenza (hvi) virus, but were unable to support active viral replication compared with mdck cells. hvi infection of neutrophils augmented early and late apoptosis as indicated by annexin v and tunel assays. comparison ... | 2013 | 23195410 |
| receptor characterization and susceptibility of cotton rats to avian and 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains. | animal influenza viruses (aivs) are a major threat to human health and the source of pandemic influenza. a reliable small-mammal model to study the pathogenesis of infection and for testing vaccines and therapeutics against multiple strains of influenza virus is highly desirable. we show that cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) are susceptible to avian and swine influenza viruses. cotton rats express α2,3-linked sialic acid (sa) and α2,6-linked sa residues in the trachea and α2,6-linked sa residues ... | 2013 | 23192875 |
| influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus suppresses rig-i initiated innate antiviral responses in the human lung. | influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) is believed to play an important role in the recognition of, and response to, influenza virus and other rna viruses. our study focuses on the hypothesis that pandemic h1n1/09 influenza virus alters the influenza-induced proinflammatory response and suppresses host antiviral activity. we first compared the innate response to a clinical isolate of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus, ok/09, a clinical ... | 2012 | 23185463 |
| monitoring of influenza viruses in the aftermath of the great east japan earthquake. | influenza has a significant impact on public health when a natural disaster occurs during the influenza season. however, the epidemiological characteristics of influenza following natural disasters have not been well documented due to the difficulty of implementing laboratory-based influenza surveillance in such situations. the great east japan earthquake occurred on march 11, 2011, when influenza was already circulating. since routine influenza surveillance was not performed in miyagi prefectur ... | 2012 | 23183209 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of ginkgo biloba leaf extracts. | we examined the influence of ginkgo biloba leaf extract (egb) on the infectivity of influenza viruses in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. plaque assays demonstrated that multiplication of influenza viruses after adsorption to host cells was not affected in the agarose overlay containing egb. however, when the viruses were treated with egb before exposure to cells, their infectivity was markedly reduced. in contrast, the inhibitory effect was not observed when mdck cells were treated with ... | 2013 | 23179317 |
| genetic drift influenza a(h3n2) virus hemagglutinin (ha) variants originated during the last pandemic turn out to be predominant in the 2011-2012 season in northern italy. | influenza a(h3n2) virus is once again the predominant strain after the 2009 pandemic. its molecular epidemiology and phylogeny were investigated during the 2011-2012 season in northern italy. the epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance was carried out within the framework of the italian influenza surveillance network. the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the a(h3n2) viruses detected was analyzed by means of a time-scaled phylogenetic approach. in northern italy, the 2011-2012 epidemic w ... | 2013 | 23174527 |
| outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) variant virus infection among attendees of an agricultural fair, pennsylvania, usa, 2011. | during august 2011, influenza a (h3n2) variant [a(h3n2)v] virus infection developed in a child who attended an agricultural fair in pennsylvania, usa; the virus resulted from reassortment of a swine influenza virus with influenza a(h1n1)pdm09. we interviewed fair attendees and conducted a retrospective cohort study among members of an agricultural club who attended the fair. probable and confirmed cases of a(h3n2)v virus infection were defined by serology and genomic sequencing results, respecti ... | 2012 | 23171635 |
| influenza surveillance among children with pneumonia admitted to a district hospital in coastal kenya, 2007-2010. | influenza data gaps in sub-saharan africa include incidence, case fatality, seasonal patterns, and associations with prevalent disorders. | 2012 | 23169974 |
| spatiotemporal circulation of influenza viruses in 5 african countries during 2008-2009: a collaborative study of the institut pasteur international network. | although recent work has described the spatiotemporal diffusion of influenza viruses worldwide, comprehensive data on spatiotemporal patterns of influenza from the african continent and madagascar are still lacking. | 2012 | 23169972 |
| influenza surveillance in zambia, 2008-2009. | limited information exists about influenza viruses in africa. we used data from a new sentinel surveillance system to investigate the seasonality and characteristics of influenza, including pandemic (pdm) influenza a h1n1, in zambia. | 2012 | 23169966 |
| evolutionary dynamics of 2009 pandemic influenza a virus subtype h1n1 in south africa during 2009-2010. | the 2009 pandemic influenza a virus subtype h1n1 (a[h1n1]pdm09) was first detected in june 2009 in south africa and later resulted in extensive transmission throughout africa. established routine surveillance programs and collaboration between private and public sector laboratories allowed for comprehensive molecular epidemiological and antigenic investigation of the first and second waves of 2009-2010 pandemic influenza in south africa. | 2012 | 23169965 |
| characteristics of patients with influenza-like illness, severe acture respiratory illness, and laboratory-confirmed influenza at a major children's hospital in angola, 2009-2011. | there are no published data on influenza trends in angola, where pneumonia is a leading cause of death among young children. this study aims to describe the seasonal trends, types, and subtypes of influenza virus recovered from patients with respiratory illness who were admitted to the major children's hospital in angola from may 2009 through april 2011. nasal and oral swabs were collected from patients seen in the outpatient clinic with influenza-like illness (ili) or hospitalized with severe a ... | 2012 | 23169959 |
| sentinel surveillance for influenza in senegal, 1996-2009. | data on influenza in tropical and resource-limited countries are scarce. in this study we present results from 14 years of influenza surveillance in senegal, one of the few tropical countries in africa from which longitudinal data are available. | 2012 | 23169958 |
| influenza viruses in nigeria, 2009-2010: results from the first 17 months of a national influenza sentinel surveillance system. | influenza surveillance data from tropical, sub-saharan african countries are limited. to better understand the epidemiology of influenza, nigeria initiated influenza surveillance in 2008. | 2012 | 23169957 |
| resolution of immune response by recombinant transforming growth factor-beta (rtgf-β) during influenza a virus infection. | replication of influenza a virus in the respiratory tract leads to cell damage and liberation of cytokines and chemokines. the in vivo cytokine induction and modulation by recombinant transforming growth factor- β1 (rtgf-β1) has not been studied. therefore, in the present study the effect of rtgf-β1, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine which has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the release of inflammatory molecules, against influenza-virus infection in the airway of mice was investi ... | 2012 | 23168705 |
| evaluation of rapid influenza virus tests in patients with influenza-like illness in thailand. | the influenza virus is responsible for causing major respiratory tract symptoms. a fast, accurate diagnosis is essential for efficient treatment, especially in patients with complications. the rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) for influenza detection have been developed to subtype the influenza virus. the re-evaluation of the rapid test is needed in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. | 2012 | 23163105 |
| [the efficiency of influenza vaccines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive therapy]. | inactivated influenza vaccination is recommended yearly for patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive therapy. | 2012 | 23160078 |
| differential interactions of virulent and non-virulent h. parasuis strains with naïve or swine influenza virus pre-infected dendritic cells. | pigs possess a microbiota in the upper respiratory tract that includes haemophilus parasuis. pigs are also considered the reservoir of influenza viruses and infection with this virus commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by h. parasuis. however, the mechanisms involved in host innate responses towards h. parasuis and their implications in a co-infection with influenza virus are unknown. therefore, the ability of a non-virulent h. parasuis serovar 3 (sw114) ... | 2012 | 23157617 |
| human t-cells directed to seasonal influenza a virus cross-react with 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) and swine-origin triple-reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses. | virus-specific cd8(+) t-cells contribute to protective immunity against influenza a virus (iav) infections. as the majority of these cells are directed to conserved viral proteins, they may afford protection against iavs of various subtypes. the present study assessed the cross-reactivity of human cd8(+) t-lymphocytes, induced by infection with seasonal a (h1n1) or a (h3n2) influenza virus, with 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus [a(h1n1)pdm09] and swine-origin triple-reassortant a (h3n2) [a ... | 2013 | 23152369 |
| influenza viruses in adult dogs raised in rural and urban areas in the state of são paulo, brazil. | in 1970, searching for the interspecies transmission of influenza viruses led to the first study on influenza viruses in domestic animals. birds and mammals, including human beings, are their natural hosts; however, other animals may also play a role in the virus epidemiology. the objective was to investigate the incidence of influenza viruses in adult dogs raised in rural (9, 19.56%) and urban (37, 80.43%) areas in the state of são paulo, brazil. dog serum samples were examined for antibodies t ... | 2012 | 23152313 |
| incidence and epidemiology of hospitalized influenza cases in rural thailand during the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 pandemic, 2009-2010. | data on the burden of the 2009 influenza pandemic in asia are limited. influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 was first reported in thailand in may 2009. we assessed incidence and epidemiology of influenza-associated hospitalizations during 2009-2010. | 2012 | 23139802 |
| the genetic match between vaccine strains and circulating seasonal influenza a viruses in vietnam, 2001-2009. | vietnam is currently developing domestic capability to manufacture influenza vaccines but information on the genetic and antigenic characteristics of locally circulating seasonal influenza viruses is limited. to assess the relevance of who recommended vaccine strains to the situation in vietnam, we analyzed the genetic relatedness of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of seasonal influenza a viruses circulating in vietnam from 2001 to 2009 to who recommended vaccine strains over the same period. | 2013 | 23137010 |
| protection of guinea pigs by vaccination with a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing ha1 genes of swine h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses. | swine influenza (si) is an acute respiratory infectious disease of swine caused by swine influenza virus (siv). siv is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a potent threat to human health. here, we report the construction of a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv/h3-2a-h1) co-expressing hemagglutinin (ha1) of siv subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. immune responses and protection efficacy of the rspv/h3-2a-h1 were evaluated in guinea pigs. inoculation of rspv/h3-2a-h1 yielded neutralizing ... | 2013 | 23135159 |
| enantiomers of an indole alkaloid containing unusual dihydrothiopyran and 1,2,4-thiadiazole rings from the root of isatis indigotica. | a pair of enantiomers (1a and 1b) of an indole alkaloid containing dihydrothiopyran and 1,2,4-thiadiazole rings was isolated from an aqueous extract of the root of isatis indigotica. the structures and absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, especially 2d nmr, modified mosher's method, and electronic cd (ecd). the proposed biosynthetic pathway and preliminary investigations of the biological activity of compounds 1a and 1b against influenza ... | 2012 | 23131196 |
| enhanced replication of swine influenza viruses in dexamethasone-treated juvenile and layer turkeys. | frequent transmission of swine influenza viruses (sivs) to turkeys has been reported since 1980s. experimental studies also showed that sivs can infect turkeys with varying replication and transmission efficiency depending on the strain. however, host factors involved in infection/replication efficiency remain unclear. to investigate whether the immune status of turkeys might play a role in the susceptibility of turkeys to sivs, we studied the replication efficiency of two recent sivs (human-lik ... | 2013 | 23123174 |
| microwave assisted synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of 1-adamantyl substituted n-(1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamide derivatives. | a microwave-assisted three-component one-pot cyclocondensation method was applied for the synthesis of novel n-(1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamide compounds carrying an adamantyl moiety. the structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral and elemental analysis. all compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity against influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and influenza b virus in mdck cell cultures. the compounds displayed a confined structure-activity relationship. the n-(2,8-dimethyl ... | 2012 | 23117173 |
| mutations to a/puerto rico/8/34 pb1 gene improves seasonal reassortant influenza a virus growth kinetics. | it is desirable for influenza vaccine virus strains to have phenotypes that include good growth and hemagglutinin (ha) protein yield. the quality of these characteristics varies among the vaccine viruses and is usually due to multigenic effects. many influenza a virus vaccine viruses are made as reassortants of the high yield virus a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr/8) and a circulating seasonal virus. co-infection of eggs with the two viruses, and selection of reassortants with the ha and neuraminidase (na ... | 2012 | 23116694 |
| seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine does not protect against newly emerging variants of influenza a (h3n2v) virus in ferrets. | the recent increase in human cases of influenza a h3n2 variant virus [a(h3n2)v] highlights the need to assess whether seasonal influenza vaccination provides cross-protection against a(h3n2)v virus. our data demonstrate that the 2011-2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) protected ferrets against homologous h3n2 virus challenge but provided minimal to no protection against a(h3n2)v virus. the complete absence of specific hemagglutination inhibition antibody response to a(h3n2)v is c ... | 2013 | 23115290 |
| characterization of an h3n2 canine influenza virus isolated from tibetan mastiffs in china. | ten 3-month-old tibetan mastiffs became ill 2 days after they were bought from a tibetan mastiff exhibition, and 4 of them died 2 weeks later. a canine influenza virus (zj0110) was isolated from the lung of a deceased tibetan mastiff and was characterized in detail. sequence analysis indicated that the 8 genes of the canine isolate were most similar to those of avian-origin canine influenza viruses (h3n2) isolated in south korea in 2007, with which they shared >98% sequence identity. zj0110 coul ... | 2013 | 23107656 |
| randomized comparative study of the serum antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibody responses to six licensed trivalent influenza vaccines. | serum antibody to the hemagglutinin (ha) surface protein of influenza virus induced by influenza vaccination is a correlate of protection against influenza. the neuraminidase (na) protein is also on the surface of the virus; antibody to it has been shown to impair virus release from infected cells and to reduce the intensity of influenza infections in animal models and in humans challenged with infectious virus. recently we have shown that na inhibiting antibody can independently contribute to i ... | 2012 | 23107591 |
| influenza a viruses grow in human pancreatic cells and cause pancreatitis and diabetes in an animal model. | influenza a viruses commonly cause pancreatitis in naturally and experimentally infected animals. in this study, we report the results of in vivo investigations carried out to establish whether influenza virus infection could cause metabolic disorders linked to pancreatic infection. in addition, in vitro tests in human pancreatic islets and in human pancreatic cell lines were performed to evaluate viral growth and cell damage. infection of an avian model with two low-pathogenicity avian influenz ... | 2013 | 23097451 |
| inhibitory effects of an m2-specific monoclonal antibody on different strains of influenza a virus. | new approaches to the treatment of influenza have been designed based on the highly conserved antigenicity of the m2 envelope protein among influenza a virus strains. the present study examined the anti-viral activities of an anti-m2 ectodomain (m2e) monoclonal antibody (clone rm2ss23), which binds to the m2 proteins of the influenza a virus strains a/ aichi/2/68 (h3n2) (aichi) and a/pjr/8/34 (h1n1) (pr8). the results showed that rm2ss23 bound to both aichi and pr8 m2 proteins expressed on the c ... | 2012 | 23094582 |
| high-performance method for specific effect on nucleic acids in cells using tio2~dna nanocomposites. | nanoparticles are used to solve the current drug delivery problem. we present a high-performance method for efficient and selective action on nucleic acid target in cells using unique tio(2)·pl-dna nanocomposites (polylysine-containing dna fragments noncovalently immobilized onto tio(2) nanoparticles capable of transferring dna). these nanocomposites were used for inhibition of human influenza a (h3n2) virus replication in infected mdck cells. they showed a low toxicity (tc(50) ≈ 1800 μg/ml) and ... | 2012 | 23091696 |
| [influenza viruses--a challenge for vaccinations]. | the clinical picture of influenza may vary from mild respiratory infection to pneumonia requiring intensive care. annual epidemics are most commonly caused by h3n2 or h1n1 type influenza a or influenza b viruses. the population's immune protection against a new virus type is low, whereupon morbidity and mortality may be high. vaccinations are the most important means to decrease influenza morbidity. annual variation and quick intercontinental migration of influenza viruses, combined with the pos ... | 2012 | 23088004 |
| epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation and diagnosis at point-of-care during the first wave of the h1n1 influenza pandemic in cambodia. | we conducted clinic-based surveillance for influenza virus among cases with acute febrile illness at 9 medical clinics in south-central cambodia during 2006-2009. patients greater than or equal to 24 months old presenting with acute fever (> 38 degrees c) were enrolled. in late july 2009, the study identified its first case of pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) influenza virus infection. the prevalence of ph1n1 infections increased rapidly during august and september and by october, ph1n1 infections had peak ... | 2012 | 23082556 |
| neutralizing dna aptamers against swine influenza h3n2 viruses. | triple reassortant influenza a viruses (iavs) of swine, particularly the north american h3n2 subtype, circulate in swine herds and may reassort and result in the emergence of novel zoonotic strains. current diagnostic tools rely on isolation of the viruses, followed by serotyping by hemagglutination or genome sequencing, both of which can be expensive and time-consuming. thus, novel subtype-specific ligands and methods are needed for rapid testing and subtyping of iavs in the field. to address t ... | 2013 | 23077124 |
| clinical accuracy of a plex-id flu device for simultaneous detection and identification of influenza viruses a and b. | respiratory tract infections caused by influenza a and b viruses often present nonspecifically, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique that can identify influenza viruses is clinically and epidemiologically desirable. the plex-id flu assay (abbott molecular inc., des plaines, il) incorporates multilocus pcr and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry to detect and differentiate influenza a 2009 h1n1 (h1n1-p), seasonal h1n1 (h1n1-s), influenza a h3n2, and influenza b viruses in nasop ... | 2013 | 23077123 |
| ten-year (1999-2009) epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza in south italy (apulia). | clinical and epidemiological surveillance of influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ari) are currently a major objective of public health. the aim was to describe the epidemiology of influenza using the italian surveillance system. vaccination coverage (vc) rates were calculated during 1999-2009 influenza seasons. molecular studies of influenza virus isolated, from patients with ili, living in apulia, are described. 1269 nasal-pharyngeal swabs were taken from patients with ili and ari ... | 2010 | 23074649 |
| [development of duplex real-time pcr assay for identification of influenza viruses of subtype a(h1)pdm09 and a(h3)]. | among different laboratory techniques used in influenza surveillance, methods based on molecular biology, such as real-time pcr, play increasingly important role. they allow detection and identification of viruses currently circulating in human population and responsible for infections and diseases. the aim of the study was to develop duplex real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of influenza virus subtype a(h1n1) pdm09 and a(h3n2). | 2012 | 23072058 |
| distribution of surface glycoproteins on influenza a virus determined by electron cryotomography. | we use electron cryotomography to reconstruct virions of two influenza a h3n2 virus strains. the maps reveal the structure of the viral envelope containing hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) glycoproteins and the virus interior containing a matrix layer and an assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles (rnps) that package the genome. we build a structural model for the viral surface by locating copies of the x-ray structure of the ha ectodomain into density peaks on the virus surface. we cal ... | 2012 | 23063838 |
| interaction network linking the human h3n2 influenza a virus genomic rna segments. | the genome of influenza a viruses is comprised of eight negative-sense viral rnas (vrnas) that form viral ribonucleoproteins (vrnps). in order to be infectious, an influenza a viral particle must encapsidate at least one copy of each of the vrnas. thus, even though genome segmentation is evolutionary advantageous, it undeniably complicates viral assembly, which is believed to occur through a selective mechanism that still remains to be understood. using electron tomography 3d-reconstructions, we ... | 2012 | 23063835 |
| identification and characterization of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses in northern china during 2009-2010. | twelve avian-origin h3n2 influenza strains were isolated from dogs with signs of respiratory disease in northern china during 2009-2010. phylogenetic analysis showed that eight gene segments of all the isolates had a close relationship with those of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza viruses (civs) from south korea and southern china. genetic analysis indicated that these isolates had a perqtr/g ha cleavage motif, which differed from the pekqtr/g motif of canine viruses before 2007. noteworthy, ... | 2013 | 23063406 |
| kinetics of the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination among the elderly. | influenza vaccination, which has been targeted to the elderly and those at serious risk of complications, is recommended. the purpose of this study was to determine antibody responses after influenza vaccination among thai elderly persons living in the community. a total of 591 subjects consisting of 308 vaccinees and 283 non-vaccinees were enrolled in the study. antibodies to h1n1, h3n2, and b viruses were detected by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) testing. the numbers of subjects who had pro ... | 2012 | 23061793 |
| full genomic analysis of an influenza a (h1n2) virus identified during 2009 pandemic in eastern india: evidence of reassortment event between co-circulating a(h1n1)pdm09 and a/brisbane/10/2007-like h3n2 strains. | during the pandemic [influenza a(h1n1)pdm09] period in 2009-2010, an influenza a (inf-a) virus with h1n2 subtype (designated as a/eastern india/n-1289/2009) was detected from a 25 years old male from mizoram (north-eastern india). | 2012 | 23057530 |
| molecular characterization of avian-like h1n1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in eastern china, 2011. | currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: h1n1, h3n2, and h1n2. european avian-like h1n1 viruses, which were initially detected in european pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern china since 2007. in this study, six influenza a viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from january to april 2011 in eastern china. based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were d ... | 2012 | 23055004 |
| a comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabbing for the detection of influenza virus by real-time pcr. | we tested the hypothesis that swabs from the nasopharynx carry a higher viral load than swabs from the oropharynx in patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-confirmed influenza infection. using flocked swabs, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were harvested from hospital-admitted influenza patients no later than 3 days after the initial detection of influenza virus. comparison of cycle threshold (ct) values was performed to assess differences in viral load in the specimens ... | 2013 | 23052986 |
| prevalence and risk factors for h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus infections in minnesota turkey premises. | influenza virus infections can cause respiratory and systemic disease of variable severity and also result in economic losses for the turkey industry. several subtypes of influenza can infect turkeys, causing diverse clinical signs. influenza subtypes of swine origin have been diagnosed in turkey premises; however, it is not known how common these infections are nor the likely routes of transmission. we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of influenza viruses and examine ... | 2012 | 23050464 |
| detection of influenza a virus nucleoprotein antibodies in oral fluid specimens from pigs infected under experimental conditions using a blocking elisa. | in commercial swine populations, influenza is an important component of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) and a pathogen with major economic impact. previously, a commercial blocking elisa (flockchek(™) avian influenza virus multis-screen(®) antibody test kit, idexx laboratories, inc., westbrook, me, usa) designed to detect influenza a nucleoprotein (np) antibodies in avian serum was shown to accurately detect np antibodies in swine serum. the purpose of this study was to determine ... | 2014 | 23046061 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza a and b virus in hong kong, 1998-2009. | although deaths associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections are rare, the excess mortality burden of influenza estimated from statistical models may more reliably quantify the impact of influenza in a population. | 2012 | 23045622 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a live poultry market in eastern china. | previous studies indicate that the h3 influenza virus has the ability to establish infection upon interspecies transmission and poses a threat to mammals. therefore, it is important to enhance the surveillance of h3 avian influenza viruses (aivs). in this study, a/duck/shanghai/c84/2009(h3n2) (c84) was isolated from a live poultry market in shanghai, china. using pcr and sequencing analyses, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of this virus. the h3n2 virus proved to be a novel multiple-gene re ... | 2012 | 23043175 |
| efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in hiv-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. | hiv-infected children are at heightened risk for severe influenza illness; however, there is no study on the efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccine in these children. we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of nonadjuvanted, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) against confirmed seasonal influenza virus illness in hiv-infected children. | 2013 | 23032417 |
| multiple distinct forms of cd8+ t cell cross-reactivity and specificities revealed after 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus infection in mice. | influenza primed mice are protected against lethal infection with h1n1 a/ca/04/e3/09 virus, and t depletion and serum transfer studies suggest a t-dependent mechanism. we therefore set out to investigate the quality of the cross-reactive t cell response to ca/e3/09 in mice primed with h3n2 influenza a/hong kong/x31 virus. sequences of the immunodominant nucleoprotein (np) np366-374 and acid polymerase (pa) pa224-233 cd8 epitopes from x31 each differ from the ca/e3/09 virus by one amino acid: an ... | 2012 | 23029425 |
| influenza a/h1n1 2009 pandemic and respiratory virus infections, beijing, 2009-2010. | to determine the role of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 (a/h1n1 2009pdm) in acute respiratory tract infections (artis) and its impact on the epidemic of seasonal influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses, nasal and throat swabs taken from 7,776 patients with suspected viral artis from 2006 through 2010 in beijing, china were screened by real-time pcr for influenza virus typing and subtyping and by multiplex or single pcr tests for other common respiratory viruses. we observed a ... | 2012 | 23029253 |
| immunization with m2e-displaying t7 bacteriophage nanoparticles protects against influenza a virus challenge. | considering the emergence of highly pathogenic influenza viruses and threat of worldwide pandemics, there is an urgent need to develop broadly-protective influenza vaccines. in this study, we demonstrate the potential of t7 bacteriophage-based nanoparticles with genetically fused ectodomain of influenza a virus m2 protein (t7-m2e) as a candidate universal flu vaccine. immunization of mice with non-adjuvanted t7-m2e elicited m2e-specific serum antibody responses that were similar in magnitude to ... | 2012 | 23029232 |
| heterosubtypic antibody recognition of the influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site enhanced by avidity. | continual and rapid mutation of seasonal influenza viruses by antigenic drift necessitates the almost annual reformulation of flu vaccines, which may offer little protection if the match to the dominant circulating strain is poor. s139/1 is a cross-reactive antibody that neutralizes multiple ha strains and subtypes, including those from h1n1 and h3n2 viruses that currently infect humans. the crystal structure of the s139/1 fab in complex with the ha from the a/victoria/3/1975 (h3n2) virus reveal ... | 2012 | 23027945 |
| neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal receptor specificities on influenza viruses determined by a waveguide-mode sensor. | to characterize the differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses with glycan chains, the authors performed binding analyses using an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode biosensor. the experiments were performed on intact viruses and hemagglutinin proteins, using gold-nanoparticle-conjugated neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal glycan chains. several influenza viruses belonging to subtypes h3n2 (a/udorn/307/1972, a/shandong/9/1993, a/kiev/301/1994, a/panam ... | 2013 | 23022889 |
| virulence and transmissibility of h1n2 influenza virus in ferrets imply the continuing threat of triple-reassortant swine viruses. | efficient worldwide swine surveillance for influenza a viruses is urgently needed; the emergence of a novel reassortant pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus in 2009 demonstrated that swine can be the direct source of pandemic influenza and that the pandemic potential of viruses prevalent in swine populations must be monitored. we used the ferret model to assess the pathogenicity and transmissibility of predominant korean triple-reassortant swine (trsw) h1n2 and h3n2 influenza viruses genetically related ... | 2012 | 23019374 |
| design of escherichia coli-expressed stalk domain immunogens of h1n1 hemagglutinin that protect mice from lethal challenge. | the hemagglutinin protein (ha) on the surface of influenza virus is essential for viral entry into the host cells. the ha1 subunit of ha is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. the ha2 subunit is less exposed on the virion surface and more conserved than ha1. we have previously designed an ha2-based immunogen derived from the sequence of the h3n2 a/hk/68 virus. in the present study, we report the design of an ha2-based immunogen from the h1n1 subtype (pr/8/34). this immunogen (h1 ... | 2012 | 23015722 |
| influenza virus neuraminidases with reduced enzymatic activity that avidly bind sialic acid receptors. | influenza virus neuraminidase (na) cleaves off sialic acid from cellular receptors of hemagglutinin (ha) to enable progeny escape from infected cells. however, na variants (d151g) of recent human h3n2 viruses have also been reported to bind receptors on red blood cells, but the nature of these receptors and the effect of the mutation on na activity were not established. here, we compare the functional and structural properties of a human h3n2 na from a/tanzania/205/2010 and its d151g mutant, whi ... | 2012 | 23015718 |
| influenza a (h3n2) variant virus-related hospitalizations: ohio, 2012. | since july 2012, 305 cases of infection with influenza a (h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus containing the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 m gene have occurred in multiple u.s. states, primarily associated with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. in ohio, from july 28 to september 25, 2012, a total of 106 confirmed h3n2v cases were identified through enhanced surveillance. whereas most h3n2v patients experienced mild, self-limited influenza-like illness (ili), 11 of the ohio patients were hospitalized, repr ... | 2012 | 23013722 |
| genetics, evolution, and the zoonotic capacity of european swine influenza viruses. | the european swine influenza virus lineage differs genetically from the classical swine influenza viruses and the triple reassortants found in north america and asia. the avian-like swine h1n1 viruses emerged in 1979 after an avian-to-swine transmission and spread to all major european pig-producing countries. reassortment of these viruses with seasonal h3n2 viruses led to human-like swine h3n2 viruses which appeared in 1984. finally, human-like swine h1n2 viruses emerged in 1994. these are trip ... | 2013 | 23011571 |
| high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a virus isolated in gyeonggi province, south korea, during 2005-2010. | amantadine resistance among influenza a viruses was investigated in south korea in 2005-2010. of 308 influenza a viruses examined, 229 had the s31n substitution in the m2 protein. the frequency of amantadine resistance was 30 %, 100 %, and 76 % in influenza a/h1n1, pandemic a/h1n1 2009(a/h1n1pdm), and a/h3n2 subtypes, respectively. the amantadine-resistant influenza a/h1n1pdm and a/h3n2 viruses were circulating continuously from 2008 to 2009 and from 2005 to 2006, respectively. amantadine resist ... | 2013 | 23011311 |
| glutathione peroxidase-1 reduces influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species production is implicated in influenza a virus-induced lung disease. glutathione peroxidase (gpx)-1 is an antioxidant enzyme that may protect lungs from such damage. the objective of this study was to determine if gpx-1 protects the lung against influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation in vivo. male wild-type (wt) or gpx-1(-/-) mice were inoculated with hkx31 (h3n2, 1 × 10(4) plaque-forming units), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (b ... | 2013 | 23002098 |
| complete genome sequence of an h3n2 canine influenza virus from dogs in jiangsu, china. | a canine influenza virus (civ) strain of avian origin designated a/canine/jiangsu/06/2010 (h3n2) was isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease in jiangsu, china. we announce the complete genome sequence of this viral strain and report major findings from the genomic analysis. this sequence will help us understand the molecular characteristics and evolutionary of h3n2 civ in china. | 2012 | 22997421 |
| dietary abscisic acid ameliorates influenza-virus-associated disease and pulmonary immunopathology through a pparγ-dependent mechanism. | the anti-inflammatory phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) modulates immune and inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis and obesity. aba has been identified as a ligand of lanthionine synthetase c-like 2, a novel therapeutic target upstream of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) pathway. the goal of this study was to investigate the immune modulatory mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory efficacy of aba against influenza-associated pulmonary inflammation. wild-ty ... | 2013 | 22995385 |
| [characterization of a nonspecific inhibitor found in human sera raised against the 2006/07 influenza vaccine strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (h3n2) virus]. | the serology of influenza viruses typically uses hemagglutination inhibition (hi) or the neutralization test (nt). however, the sera of many humans and animals contain nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutinin that must be inactivated or removed from the serum before use in the hi assay. any nonspecific inhibitor in human serum is typically inactivated by pre-treatment with receptor-destroying enzyme (rde). however, during the 2006/07 influenza circulating season, we observed that influenza vaccin ... | 2012 | 22991846 |
| quantitative analysis of four rapid antigen assays for detection of pandemic h1n1 2009 compared with seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses on nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with influenza. | data on analytical sensitivity of rapid diagnostic assays are important for clinical management of influenza, especially during a pandemic. four rapid antigen detection assays were compared for detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009, seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 in 96 patients with influenza a infection confirmed by real-time rt-pcr. these rapid antigen tests appeared to have lower sensitivity (55.8%) for the diagnosis of pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009 as compared with seasonal h3n2 (71.0%) or h1 ... | 2012 | 22989408 |
| "trivalent influenza vaccination of healthy adults 3 years after the onset of swine-origin h1n1 pandemic: restricted immunogenicity of the new a/h1n1v constituent?". | influenza vaccination is advised annually to reduce the burden of influenza disease. for sufficient vaccine campaigns also a continuous adoption of influenza vaccines are necessary, due to particularly high genetic variability of influenza a virus. therefore, we evaluate the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine 2010/2011, against influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and influenza b. immune response was investigated in paired sera from 92 healthcare workers with the hemagglutination inhibition as ... | 2013 | 22986732 |
| comparison of the cross-reactive anti-influenza neutralizing activity of polymeric and monomeric iga monoclonal antibodies. | here we examined whether polymeric iga (piga) and monomeric iga (miga) antibodies differ in their ability to neutralize drift viruses within the same subtype. we used an iga monoclonal antibody (mab; h1-21) against influenza virus strain a/hiroshima/52/2005 (a/hiroshima; h3n2). the mab was obtained after immunizing mice mucosally with a split-virion (sv) vaccine. the mab contained both miga and piga forms. it reacted with the homologous virus and cross-reacted with drift viruses a/new york/55/20 ... | 2012 | 22985289 |
| analytical detection of influenza a(h3n2)v and other a variant viruses from the usa by rapid influenza diagnostic tests. | the performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) that detect influenza viral nucleoprotein (np) antigen has been reported to be variable. recent human infections with variant influenza a viruses that are circulating in pigs prompted the investigation of the analytical reactivity of ridts with these variant viruses. | 2013 | 22984843 |
| sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness in two hospitals in maracay, venezuela: 2006-2010. | limited information exists on the epidemiology of acute febrile respiratory illnesses in tropical south american countries such as venezuela. the objective of the present study was to examine the epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ili) in two hospitals in maracay, venezuela. | 2012 | 22984519 |
| [molecular evolution of human influenza h3n2 virus hemagglutinin genes in guangdong china]. | the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (ha) genes of human influenza h3n2 viruses in guangdong, china from 2007 to 2010 were studied in this study. by space-time sampling of strains, the ha genes of h3n2 strains from guangdong were sequenced and searched from internet, and then the variation and evolution of ha genes were conducted by lasergene 7.1 and mega 5.05 and evolutionary rates were analyzed by epidemiological data. the phylogenetic tree was established ... | 2012 | 22978155 |
| ostrich produce cross-reactive neutralization antibodies against pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 following immunization with a seasonal influenza vaccine. | an outbreak of influenza in 2009 was found to be caused by a novel strain of influenza virus designated as pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009. vaccination with recent seasonal influenza vaccines induced little or no cross-reactive antibody response to the pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 2009 in any age group in human populations. accordingly, most people had low immunity against this pathogen, thus resulting in the worldwide spread of the infection to produce a so-called 'pandemic'. this report pres ... | 2011 | 22977467 |
| swine influenza virus vaccines: to change or not to change-that's the question. | commercial vaccines currently available against swine influenza virus (siv) are inactivated, adjuvanted, whole virus vaccines, based on h1n1 and/or h3n2 and/or h1n2 sivs. in keeping with the antigenic and genetic differences between sivs circulating in europe and the us, the vaccines for each region are produced locally and contain different strains. even within a continent, there is no standardization of vaccine strains, and the antigen mass and adjuvants can also differ between different comme ... | 2013 | 22976350 |
| a meta-analysis of intradermal versus intramuscular influenza vaccines: immunogenicity and adverse events. | to determine immunogenicity and safety of intradermal (id) influenza vaccines compared with intramuscular (im) administration and effect of dose and age. | 2013 | 22974174 |
| recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2012-2013. | the purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. the key points for the upcoming 2012-2013 season are: (1) this year's trivalent influenza vaccine contains a/california/7/2009 (h1n1)-like antigen (derived from influenza a [h1n1] pdm09 [ph1n1] virus); a/victoria/361/2011 (h3n2)-like antigen; and b/wisconsin/1/2010-like antigen (the influenza a [h3n ... | 2012 | 22966032 |
| evidence of h3n2 canine influenza virus infection before 2007. | 2012 | 22952134 | |
| a mouse model for the study of contact-dependent transmission of influenza a virus and the factors that govern transmissibility. | influenza a virus transmission by direct contact is not well characterized. here, we describe a mouse model for investigation of factors regulating contact-dependent transmission. strains within the h3n2 but not h1n1 subtype of influenza virus were transmissible, and reverse-engineered viruses representing hybrids of these subtypes showed that the viral hemagglutinin is a determinant of the transmissible phenotype. transmission to contact mice occurred within the first 6 to 54 h after cohousing ... | 2012 | 22951824 |
| h3n2 flu virus infections increase during fair season. | 2012 | 22948682 | |
| a universal influenza a and b duplex real-time rt-pcr assay. | a high throughput universal influenza a and b duplex real-time rt-pcr was developed to meet effectively the heightened surveillance and diagnostic needs essential in managing influenza infections and outbreaks. primers and probes, designed to target highly conserved regions of the matrix protein of influenza a and the nucleoprotein of influenza b, were optimized using the high-throughput lightcycler 480 ii system. analytical sensitivity and specificity were characterized using rna transcripts di ... | 2012 | 22930514 |
| complete genome sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus isolated in farmed dogs in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of an avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a virus containing multiple mutations in farmed dogs in southern china. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral rna segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the asia lineage. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h3n2 influenza virus to domestic farm dogs under natural conditions in southern china. the amino acid infor ... | 2012 | 22923798 |
| molecular genetic analysis of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in the 2010-2011 epidemic season. | molecular genetic and antigenic features of influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in western siberia in 2011 are similar to those of the vaccine strain a/perth/16/2009 despite a number of unique amino-acid changes. the strains lack specific amino-acid changes in na protein providing decrease of sensibility to na inhibitors activity that used in medical practice. based on phylogenic analysis of ha protein amino-acid sequences examined strains are similar to influenza a/h3n2 virus strains circul ... | 2012 | 22922296 |
| comparative study of influenza virus replication in mdck cells and in primary cells derived from adenoids and airway epithelium. | although clinical trials with human subjects are essential for determination of safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity, it is desirable to know in advance the infectiousness of potential candidate live attenuated influenza vaccine strains for human use. we compared the replication kinetics of wild-type and live attenuated influenza viruses, including h1n1, h3n2, h9n2, and b strains, in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, primary epithelial cells derived from human adenoids, and human bronch ... | 2012 | 22915797 |
| influenza a h3n2 subtype virus ns1 protein targets into the nucleus and binds primarily via its c-terminal nls2/nols to nucleolin and fibrillarin. | influenza a virus non-structural protein 1 (ns1) is a virulence factor, which is targeted into the cell cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. ns1 is a multi-functional protein that inhibits host cell pre-mrna processing and counteracts host cell antiviral responses. previously, we have shown that the ns1 protein of the h3n2 subtype influenza viruses possesses a c-terminal nuclear localization signal (nls) that also functions as a nucleolar localization signal (nols) and targets the protein into the ... | 2012 | 22909121 |
| isolation of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and its reassortant with an h3n2 swine influenza virus from healthy weaning pigs in thailand in 2011. | a total of 300 nasal swabs were collected from 5 pig farms in two provinces in the eastern part of thailand in february 2011 and were subjected to viral isolation of influenza a viruses. two h3n2 and 6 h1n1 influenza a viruses were isolated from swabs collected from clinically healthy weaning pigs on farms in chonburi and chachoengsao provinces, respectively. the h3n2 isolates consisted of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes closely related to thai sivs and derived from a cluster ... | 2012 | 22906589 |
| [effect of a combination of glutamyl-tryptophan and glycyrrhizic acid on the course of acute infection caused by influenza (h3h2) virus in mice]. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the modulating effect of glutamyl-tryptophan (ew), glycyrrhizic acid (ga), and their combination on the course of experimental infection caused by influenza a (h3n2) virus in mice. the animals were infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus in a dose of 1 or 10 ld50. ga (10 mg/kg body weight) and ew (0.1, 10, and 1000 microg/kg) alone or in combination were intraperitoneally injected for 5 days, starting on day 1 of virus infection. rimantadine 50 ... | 2016 | 22905423 |
| comparison of temporal and spatial dynamics of seasonal h3n2, pandemic h1n1 and highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus infections in ferrets. | humans may be infected by different influenza a viruses--seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic--which differ in presentation from mild upper respiratory tract disease to severe and sometimes fatal pneumonia with extra-respiratory spread. differences in spatial and temporal dynamics of these infections are poorly understood. therefore, we inoculated ferrets with seasonal h3n2, pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1), and highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza virus and performed detailed virological and pathological an ... | 2012 | 22905124 |
| increased symptom severity but unchanged neuraminidase inhibitor effectiveness for a(h1n1)pdm09 in the 2010-2011 season: comparison with the previous season and with seasonal a(h3n2) and b. | no studies of the clinical symptoms before starting therapy or of the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) have been carried out of the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons that compare a(h1n1)pdm09 or the three circulating types of influenza virus. | 2013 | 22897904 |
| evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for influenza a (h3n2)v virus and updated case count--united states, 2012. | previous reports have described cases of influenza a (h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus* infection with the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 m gene detected in the united states during july 2011-july 2012 (1-3). this report provides 1) an update on the number of reported cases of h3n2v infections from july 12 to august 9, 2012, in the united states, 2) an updated results interpretation for the cdc flu real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) dx panel for a(h3n2)v for public health la ... | 2012 | 22895386 |