Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation as a novel disinfectant of enterovirus 71. | we tested whether methylene blue, an inexpensive and safe photosensitizer, is feasible for photodynamic inactivation of enterovirus 71 (ev71) in the environment. | 2010 | 20719762 |
| epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and genotype characterization of enterovirus 71 in jiangsu, china. | in the spring of 2008, an ev71-caused hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) outbreak occurred in fuyang city, anhui province, china. jiangsu province that borders auhui to the east is presumed as a key station for the spread of ev71 to other regions of the yangtze river delta. | 2010 | 20719557 |
| [detection and analysis of the enterovirus infection within 159 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease by a real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay]. | to reveal the enterovirus infection within children suffering hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) in the capital institute of pediatrics from aprial to august, 2009, for the sake of clinical diagnosis and treatment. | 2009 | 20718366 |
| enterovirus 71 infection of monocytes with antibody-dependent enhancement. | enterovirus (ev) is an rna virus that has circulated with different serotypes and genotypes worldwide. enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major neurotropic virus that causes severe brain stem encephalitis (be) in infants and young children. the most vulnerable age for fatal infection is 6 to 11 months. this is associated with the coincident decline in maternal antibodies. the current report describes our finding that ev71 can infect human peripheral blood monocytes. we were able to show that ev71 infect ... | 2010 | 20685937 |
| enterovirus type 71 2a protease functions as a transcriptional activator in yeast. | enterovirus type 71 (ev71) 2a protease exhibited strong transcriptional activity in yeast cells. the transcriptional activity of 2a protease was independent of its protease activity. ev71 2a protease retained its transcriptional activity after truncation of 40 amino acids at the n-terminus but lost this activity after truncation of 60 amino acids at the n-terminus or deletion of 20 amino acids at the c-terminus. thus, the acidic domain at the c-terminus of this protein is essential for its trans ... | 2010 | 20682079 |
| a bifunctional anti-enterovirus compound that inhibits replication and the early stage of enterovirus 71 infection. | enviroxime is an anti-enterovirus compound that targets viral protein 3a and/or 3ab and suppresses a replication step of enterovirus by an unknown mechanism. to date, a number of anti-enterovirus compounds that have little structural similarity to enviroxime but induce common resistance mutations in the 3a-encoding region have been identified. the present study identified a novel type of functionally enviroxime-like compound, an-12-h5. this compound had no structural similarity to enviroxime or ... | 2010 | 20660150 |
| clinical and molecular characterization of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in thailand, 2008-2009. | hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) is caused by a group of enteroviruses, most commonly coxsackievirus a 16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71). in general, the disease is mild and self-limited except in the case of ev71 infections, which may incur serious complications. this research focused on virus characterization of hfmd cases in thailand from 2008-2009, related clinical findings and complications of specific enterovirus subtypes. specimens (stool, vesicle fluid, throat swab/sputum) from 48 ca ... | 2010 | 20657060 |
| emerging epidemic viral encephalitides with a special focus on henipaviruses. | in the last few decades, there is an increasing emergence and re-emergence of viruses, such as west nile virus, enterovirus 71 and henipaviruses that cause epidemic viral encephalitis and other central nervous system (cns) manifestations. the mortality and morbidity associated with these outbreaks are significant and frequently severe. while aspects of epidemiology, basic virology, etc., may be known, the pathology and pathogenesis are often less so, partly due to a lack of interest among pathol ... | 2010 | 20652579 |
| development of polyclonal antisera to clone enterovirus 71 cellular receptor. | enterovirus 71 (env71) is a member of picornaviridae family and was shown to be of public health concern in the far east because of the notorious outbreaks it caused, with novel clinical features in the affected patients. in this study we assessed the use of virus capsid protein vp1 in viral receptor research. | 2010 | 20644305 |
| molecular characterization of enteroviruses detected in gyeong-ju and po-hang provinces of korea in 2003. | we identified and characterized enteroviruses by amplifying the partial vp1 gene from pediatric patients with aseptic meningitis and other enterovirus-related diseases from the gyeong-ju and po-hang provinces of korea in 2003. we identified two strains each of coxsackievirus a (ca) 6, ca9, and ca10; three enterovirus 71 (ev71) strains; and six echovirus 30 (e30) strains. the three ev71 strains were characterized as genogroup c4. these results are the first documentation reporting the occurrence ... | 2010 | 20640907 |
| identification of micrornas involved in the host response to enterovirus 71 infection by a deep sequencing approach. | role of microrna (mirna) has been highlighted in pathogen-host interactions recently. to identify cellular mirnas involved in the host response to enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection, we performed a comprehensive mirna profiling in ev71-infected hep2 cells through deep sequencing. 64 mirnas were found whose expression levels changed for more than 2-fold in response to ev71 infection. gene ontology analysis revealed that many of these mrnas play roles in neurological process, immune response, and cel ... | 2010 | 20625495 |
| broad reactive monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of enteroviruses show cross-reactivity with chikungunya virus infected cells. | in the past decade, enterovirus 71 (ev71) and chikungunya (chik) virus have re-emerged periodically causing serious public health problems in malaysia, since their first emergence in 1997 and 1998 respectively. this study demonstrates that chik virus causes similar patterns of cytopathic effect in cultured vero cells as some enteroviruses. they also show positive cross-reaction on direct immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies meant for typing enteroviruses. without adequate clin ... | 2010 | 20614726 |
| performance of detecting igm antibodies against enterovirus 71 for early diagnosis. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection is more likely to induce severe complications and mortality than other enteroviruses. methods for detection of igm antibody against ev71 had been established for years, however, the performance of the methods in the very early diagnosis of ev71 infection had not been fully evaluated, which is especially meaningful because of the short incubation period of ev71 infection. in this report, the performance of an igm anti-ev71 assay was evaluated using acute sera colle ... | 2010 | 20613983 |
| the enterovirus 71 epidemic in 2008--public health implications for hong kong. | we compared the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of enterovirus 71 (ev71) cases recorded in the epidemic year of 2008 with those of the past decade. | 2010 | 20599410 |
| [an analysis of the characteristics and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in a guangzhou sentinel hospital from may to december, 2008]. | to analyze the characteristics and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in a sentinel hospital of guangzhou. | 2010 | 20584671 |
| onychomadesis outbreak in valencia, spain associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enteroviruses. | this report evaluates the june 2008 onychomadesis outbreak in valencia, spain. the study sample consisted of 221 onychomadesis cases and 77 nonaffected individuals who lived close to those affected. we collected data on dietary variables, hygiene products, and individual pathological histories. feces and blood specimens were collected from 44 cases and 24 controls to evaluate exposure to infectious agents. pathological background data revealed a high frequency (61%) of hand, foot, and mouth dise ... | 2011 | 20553401 |
| emergence of enterovirus 71 "double-recombinant" strains belonging to a novel genotype d originating from southern china: first evidence for combination of intratypic and intertypic recombination events in ev71. | hand-foot-mouth disease due to enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) has recently caused large outbreaks in mainland china in 2008. we performed complete genome sequencing on two ev71 (sz/hk08-5 and sz/hk08-6) and two ca16 (sz/hk08-3 and sz/hk08-7) strains from patients in shenzhen, china. phylogenetic, similarity plot and bootscan analyses revealed recombination between ev71 genotypes b and c at the 2a-2b junction, and between ev71 genotype b and ca16 strain g-10 in the 3c region ... | 2010 | 20549263 |
| an investigation of epidemic enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan, 2008: clinical, virologic, and serologic features. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is causing life-threatening hand-foot-mouth disease in asia. in taiwan, ev71 epidemics with different predominant genotypes occurred in 1998 (c2), 2000-2001 (b4), and 2004-2005 (c4). this genotype replacement may have important implications for vaccine development and prediction of epidemics. a nationwide ev71 outbreak occurred again in 2008, which provided a unique opportunity to characterize clinical, virologic, and serologic features of this epidemic. | 2010 | 20543760 |
| producing infectious enterovirus type 71 in a rapid strategy. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is an etiologic agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd), and recent hfmd epidemics worldwide have been associated with a severe form of brainstem encephalitis associated with pulmonary edema and high case-fatality rates. ev71 contains a positive-sense single-stranded genome rna of approximately 7400 bp in length which encodes a polyprotein with a single open reading frame (orf), which is flanked by untranslated regions at both the 5' and 3' ends. | 2010 | 20525351 |
| the 3c protein of enterovirus 71 inhibits retinoid acid-inducible gene i-mediated interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and type i interferon responses. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a human pathogen that induces hand, foot, and mouth disease and fatal neurological diseases. immature or impaired immunity is thought to associate with increased morbidity and mortality. in a murine model, ev71 does not facilitate the production of type i interferon (ifn) that plays a critical role in the first-line defense against viral infection. administration of a neutralizing antibody to ifn-alpha/beta exacerbates the virus-induced disease. however, the molecular ev ... | 2010 | 20519382 |
| [genetic analysis of vp1 sequences of enterovirus 71 isolated from patients of hand, foot and mouth disease in beijing, 2008]. | to get genetic information of vp1 coding region of hev71 in beijing in 2008. | 2009 | 20518331 |
| phylogenetic evidence for a recent spread of two populations of human enterovirus 71 in european countries. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is a cause of seasonal epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease, and of less common but severe neurological manifestations. uncertainty persists regarding the circulation of virus populations in several geographical areas and the timescale of their dissemination. we determined ev-71 sequences at loci 1d (vp1 capsid protein) and 3cd (non-structural proteins) in 86 strains recovered in austria, france and germany and performed an evolutionary genetic study of extant v ... | 2010 | 20505012 |
| monoclonal antibody induced with inactived ev71-hn2 virus protects mice against lethal ev71-hn2 virus infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a viral pathogen that belongs to the picornaviridae family, ev71-infected children can develop severe neurological complications leading to rapid clinical deterioration and death. | 2010 | 20500892 |
| clinical and etiological characteristics of enterovirus 71-related diseases during a recent 2-year period in korea. | human enterovirus 71 (ev 71) has caused large-scale outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd), particularly in the asian-pacific region. in this study, we report a major outbreak of ev 71 infection in korea and describe the clinical differences between ev 71 and non-ev 71 enterovirus infections. we prospectively enrolled patients with suspected viral infections during a recent 2-year period through a nationwide surveillance system. we identified 719 patients with suspected hfmd or herpangi ... | 2010 | 20463159 |
| an emerging recombinant human enterovirus 71 responsible for the 2008 outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease in fuyang city of china. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), a common contagious disease that usually affects children, is normally mild but can have life-threatening manifestations. it can be caused by enteroviruses, particularly coxsackieviruses and human enterovirus 71 (hev71) with highly variable clinical manifestations. in the spring of 2008, a large, unprecedented hfmd outbreak in fuyang city of anhui province in the central part of southeastern china resulted in a high aggregation of fatal cases. in this study, ... | 2010 | 20459851 |
| comparison of clinical features between coxsackievirus a2 and enterovirus 71 during the enterovirus outbreak in taiwan, 2008: a children's hospital experience. | coxsackievirus a2 (cox a2) was the predominant serotype in the enterovirus outbreak in taiwan, 2008. however, detailed clinical features of cox a2 infection have not been reported. in this study, we compared cox a2 with enterovirus 71 (ev71) in terms of clinical manifestation and epidemiology during the 2008 enterovirus outbreak in taiwan. | 2010 | 20457425 |
| [clinical characteristics and treatment assessments of severe enterovirus 71 infected children]. | to facilitate early recognition of ominous clinical manifestations, to understand pathophysiology and assess treatment effects in patients with severe enterovirus 71 (ev71) associated hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). | 2010 | 20441698 |
| an outbreak of enterovirus 71 in a nursery. | in this article we report a nosocomial outbreak of enterovirus 71 (ev71) in a newborn nursery and describe the clinical presentations of infected infants. community outbreaks of ev71 are quite common in epidemic areas, but a nosocomial outbreak of ev71 is a rare occurrence. a total of 7 out of 19 infants (37%) had symptoms. all infants had poor activity, 6 (86%) had fever, 4 (57%) had drowsiness, 3 (43%) had diarrhoea, and 2 (29%) had oral ulcers. four infants (57%) suffered from encephalitis. t ... | 2010 | 20429712 |
| [autopsy report of two cases with enterovirus type 71 infection brainstem encephalitis and literature review]. | to understand clinicopathologic characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. | 2010 | 20426961 |
| [etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in guangzhou in 2008]. | to understand the etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in guangzhou area in 2008. | 2010 | 20426938 |
| enterovirus 71 vaccine: close but still far. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), a member of the enterovirus genus of the picornaviridae family, is one of the causative pathogens of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) and the most common etiological agent isolated from hfmd patients complicated with neurological disorders. ev71 has become an increasingly important neurotropic enterovirus in the post-poliomyelitis eradication era. effective antiviral agents and vaccines against this virus are currently still under development. we reviewed publications on ... | 2010 | 20400350 |
| sequence analysis of six enterovirus 71 strains with different virulences in humans. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection is the main cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and has been associated with severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortalities. in this study, six ev71 strains isolated from patients with different clinical symptoms were sequenced and analyzed in a mouse model of ev71 infection. in a phylogenetic tree, based on the complete vp1 gene sequence, all six strains grouped into the c4 genotype. the sequence analysis revealed that there are nucleotide ch ... | 2010 | 20398708 |
| [development a method of quantitative assay for enterovirus 71]. | to establish a quantitative assay for enterovirus 71, this can be used in detecting the virus content during vaccine development and production. | 2009 | 20387495 |
| [to investigate pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease in shenzhen in 2008]. | to investigate ev71 and ca16 pathogen of hfmd in shenzhen in 2008, and to provide the evidence for the prevention and treatment hfmd. | 2009 | 20387478 |
| evolutionary trajectory of the vp1 gene of human enterovirus 71 genogroup b and c viruses. | from 1963 to 1986, human enterovirus 71 (hev71) infections in the netherlands were successively caused by viruses of subgenogroups b0, b1 and b2. a genogroup shift occurred in 1987, after which viruses of subgenogroups c1 and c2 were detected exclusively. this is in line with hev71 typing in australia, europe and the usa, but is distinct from that in the asian pacific region, where hev71 subgenogroups b3-b5 and c4-c5 have caused large outbreaks since 1997. to understand these observations in hev ... | 2010 | 20375223 |
| circulating viruses associated with severe complicated enterovirus infection in taiwan: a multi-year analysis. | few studies have investigated the viral isolation characteristics for severe complicated enterovirus infection (scei). this study evaluated the seasonality and contribution of circulated viruses to the chronologic trend and weekly reported scei epidemic. | 2010 | 20351529 |
| neural pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a neurotropic pathogen that can cause severe neural diseases and complications on infected patients. clinical observations showed that ev71-induced immune responses may be associated with virus induced neurogenic pulmonary edema. here reviewed studies that discovered several host molecules as potential factors for ev71 virulence. | 2010 | 20348010 |
| ev71 induces cox-2 expression via c-src/pdgfr/pi3k/akt/p42/p44 mapk/ap-1 and nf-kappab in rat brain astrocytes. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) induces the expression of cyclooxgenase (cox)-2 served as a major neurotoxic factor in cns injury. however, the mechanisms underlying ev71-initiated intracellular signaling pathways leading to cox-2 expression remain unknown. therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying ev71-induced cox-2 expression and prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) production in rat brain astrocytes (rba)-1, determined by western blotting, rt-pcr, and promoter assay. here, we reported that ev71-induc ... | 2010 | 20333648 |
| genetic analysis of the vp1 region of enterovirus 71 reveals the emergence of genotype a in central china in 2008. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) strains from children were characterized by full-length vp1 nucleotide sequencing. out of 22 clinical specimens, five isolates identified as ev71 were recovered by virus isolation. the vp1 sequences of the five isolates had more than 97.4% sequence identity with prototype virus brcr, clustering in the genotype a lineage. this represents the first record of genotype a ev71 in china since the brcr prototype strain was discovered in the usa in 1969. | 2010 | 20306124 |
| ev71: an emerging infectious disease vaccine target in the far east? | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is a common viral illness in infants and children caused by viruses that belong to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family. although most hfmd do not result in serious complications, outbreaks of hfmd caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71) can present with a high rate of neurological complications, including meningoencephalitis, pulmonary complications, and possibly death. hfmd caused by ev71 has become a major emerging infectious disease in asia and the hi ... | 2010 | 20304038 |
| transcriptome profiling of host-microbe interactions by differential display rt-pcr. | in recent years, dna microarray has become increasingly popular as a tool to investigate global expression patterns compared to differential display rt-pcr. although differential display rt-pcr can be labour-intensive, it has its own merits over those of dna microarray. while the latter usually consists of a well-defined set of species-specific genes, differential display rt-pcr allows the investigation of host-microbe interactions without bias towards any mrna transcripts. this means that the r ... | 2010 | 20300989 |
| knowledge about and attitude toward enterovirus 71 infections: a survey of parents and teachers at kindergartens in taiwan. | in 2008, we surveyed 690 parents and 104 teachers at kindergartens in taiwan about their knowledge of and attitude towards enterovirus 71 infections. the accurate response rate for enterovirus infection characteristics was greater than 80% for specific symptoms, prevalent age group, and predominant infection season. parents and teachers felt great anxiety and even panic about infection. both groups perceived the impact of enterovirus infection to be worse than that of influenza. | 2010 | 20227791 |
| [identification of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 as one of the cellular receptors for enterovirus 71]. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), a common febrile disease in young children. although clinical manifestations of hfmd are usually mild and self-limiting, ev71 can cause large outbreaks of hfmd including severe neurological complications. we identified human p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1; cd162) as a functional receptor for ev71 using an expression cloning method with a human t cell cdna library by panning. psgl-1 is a sialomucin ... | 2009 | 20218328 |
| [identification of an enterovirus 71 receptor; scarb2]. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) and coxsackievirus a16 (cva16), belonging to family picornaviridae, genus enterovirus, species a, are causative agents of hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd). infections involving ev71, but not cva16, can progress to severe neurological disease, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and neurogenic pulmonary edema. ev71 is thus considered to be a neuropathogenic virus and ev71 outbreak has become a major public health concern. human rd cells are high ... | 2009 | 20218327 |
| [complete genome sequencing of enterovirus 71 (ev71) henan08 strain isolated in henan province]. | to sequence the whole-genome of enterovirus 71 (ev71) srtain isolated from patient with hand, foot and mouth in henan province in 2008. | 2009 | 20193232 |
| [study on the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreaks in beijing in 2007]. | to identify the etiology of 8 human hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks in beijing, during may to july 2007. | 2009 | 20193198 |
| the cross-reactivity of the enterovirus 71 to human brain tissue and identification of the cross-reactivity related fragments. | ev71 occasionally cause a series of severe neurological symptoms, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. however, the neurological destruction mechanism was remained to be clarified. this study described the cross reaction between ev71 induced igg and human brain tissue. | 2010 | 20170551 |
| in vitro anti-enterovirus 71 activity of gallic acid from woodfordia fruticosa flowers. | the anti-enterovirus 71 (ev71) activity of six nepalese plants' extracts and gallic acid (ga) isolated from woodfordia fruticosa kurz (family; lythaceae) flowers were evaluated in vero cells. | 2010 | 20149083 |
| effects of herbal medicinal formulas on suppressing viral replication and modulating immune responses. | the chinese medicinal herbs radix isatidis and viola yedoensis makino have been suggested to possess antiviral activity. this study tests whether these and other chinese and western herbal medicinal formulas can modulate the immune functions involving virus-suppression in balb/c mouse. we first confirmed the extract from viola yedoensis makino, but not from radix isatidis, the traditional chinese medicine (tcm) formula chui-uren-chien (cuc), or a western homeopathic medicinal drink método canova ... | 2010 | 20128053 |
| diseases caused by enterovirus 71 infection. | the purpose of this review was to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, virology, and management of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection. published literature was surveyed by medline using the keyword "ev71." the reported incidence of cases of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina varied from year to year; seasonal variations in incidence were observed, with a peak in incidence during the summer season. most cases of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina hospitalized for complications occurred in childre ... | 2009 | 20118685 |
| [clinical features and treatment of serious brainstem encephalitis caused by enterovirus 71 infection]. | to study the clinical features and treatment of serious brainstem encephalitis caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection. | 2009 | 20113599 |
| development of enterovirus 71 vaccines. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) was first isolated in 1969 in california, usa. several epidemic outbreaks with high mortality rates have occurred in european and asian countries (bulgaria in 1975, hungary in 1978, malaysia in 1997, taiwan in 1998 and china in 2008). ev71 cns involvement may be associated with neurological sequelae, delayed neurodevelopment and reduced cognitive functioning. since poliovirus was nearly eradicated by vaccination, ev71 is now considered as one of the top candidates for new v ... | 2010 | 20109026 |
| etiology and clinico-epidemiological profile of acute viral encephalitis in children of western uttar pradesh, india. | to study the etiology of viral encephalitis (ve) in the children of western uttar pradesh, india and to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile of these children in relation to ve. | 2010 | 20106698 |
| glucocorticoid and pyrazolone treatment of acute fever is a risk factor for critical and life-threatening human enterovirus 71 infection during an outbreak in china, 2008. | human enterovirus 71 (hev71) causes outbreaks of life-threatening diseases throughout the world. the genesis of these severe diseases is unknown. | 2010 | 20104199 |
| evolutionary genetics of human enterovirus 71: origin, population dynamics, natural selection, and seasonal periodicity of the vp1 gene. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is one of the major etiologic causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) among young children worldwide, with fatal instances of neurological complications becoming increasingly common. global vp1 capsid sequences (n = 628) sampled over 4 decades were collected and subjected to comprehensive evolutionary analysis using a suite of phylogenetic and population genetic methods. we estimated that the common ancestor of human ev-71 likely emerged around 1941 (95% confi ... | 2010 | 20089660 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 replication and the viral 3d polymerase by aurintricarboxylic acid. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes serious diseases in humans. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of aurintricarboxylic acid (ata) on ev71 replication and to explore the underlying mechanism. | 2010 | 20089540 |
| [changes of immune function in patients with enterovirus 71 infection]. | to investigate the association of changes in immune function with enterovirus 71 (ev71) cases with different severity of the disease. | 2009 | 20078993 |
| [genetype characteristics of enterovirus type 71 in shenzhen from 2005 to 2008]. | genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71 in shenzhen from 2005 to 2008 were analyzed. all samples were detected by rt-pcr using ev71-specific primers. the vp1s of ev71 strains were amplified and sequenced. a phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparison of the sequences with those of subgenotype a, b and c using dnastar, bioedit and mega 3.1 softwares. the vp1 nucleotide sequences of 17 strains of shenzhen shared 95.3%-99.4% identities with cluster c4a, and one strain shared 93.0%-95.6% ... | 2009 | 20077930 |
| [genotype distribution of enterovirus a species isolated in shandong province, china]. | in order to study the genotypes and molecular evolution of human enterovirus (hev) a species in shandong province, stool samples were collected from afp and hfmd patients in shandong province and virus isolation was performed. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) specific for ev71 and cva16 were performed with the virus isolates from hfmd patients. positive isolates were selected for entire vp1 coding gene amplification and sequencing. isolates with negative pcr results and ... | 2009 | 20077929 |
| [human enterovirus 71 was isolated from specimens of hand foot mouth disease in beijing in 2007]. | analyzing and identifying the type of enterovirus of human hand foot mouth disease (hfmd) outbreak in daxing district in beijing at the end of may in 2007. | 2009 | 20077674 |
| [multiple viral transmission chains of human enterovirus 71 co-circulated in gansu province in 2008]. | to study the molecular evolution of human enterovirus 71 (hev71) isolated from clinical specimens of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd)patients in gansu in 2008. | 2009 | 20077673 |
| [seroepidemiology investigation of hev71 in healthy children of 1-6 years old in three counties of china in 2005]. | to investigate human enterovirus 71(hev71) antibody levels among children in china in recent years, to find the epidemic status of hand, foot and mouth diseases (hfmd) in children, and to provide a scientific base for the hfmd prevention and control. | 2009 | 20077660 |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress is induced and modulated by enterovirus 71. | picornavirus infection alters the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane but it is unclear whether this induces er stress. infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells with enterovirus 71 (ev71), a picornavirus, caused overexpression of the er-resident chaperone proteins, bip and calreticulin, and phosphorylation of eif2alpha, but infection with uv-inactivated virus did not, indicating that er stress was induced by viral replication and not by viral attachment or entry. silencing (si)rna knockdown demonstra ... | 2010 | 20070307 |
| rupintrivir is a promising candidate for treating severe cases of enterovirus-71 infection. | to evaluate the suitability of rupintrivir against enterovirus 71 (ev71) induced severe clinical symptoms using computational methods. | 2010 | 20066739 |
| analysis of recombination and natural selection in human enterovirus 71. | the development of effective vaccines and antiviral prophylaxis against human enterovirus 71 (ev71) has been hampered by the extensive antigenic diversity of the virus. to gain new insights into the evolutionary processes that create this genetic diversity, the treeorder scan method and rdp program were employed to detect recombination events in the genome, and then parsimony-based and maximum-likelihood-based methods were used to detect natural selection effects on viral proteins. recombination ... | 2010 | 20060995 |
| human enterovirus 71 and hand, foot and mouth disease. | hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) is generally a benign febrile exanthematous childhood disease caused by human enteroviruses. the route of transmission is postulated to be faeco-oral in developing areas but attributed more to respiratory droplet in developed areas. transmission is facilitated by the prolonged environmental survival of these viruses and their greater resistance to biocides. serious outbreaks with neurological and cardiopulmonary complications caused by human enterovirus 71 (he ... | 2010 | 20056019 |
| epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in west bengal, india in august, 2007: a multicentric study. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) is caused mostly by coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71). epidemic of hfmd has occurred in india only once in kerala in 2003. we report here a recent outbreak of hfmd in three districts of west bengal, india. | 2009 | 20049265 |
| detection of non-polio enteroviruses in hungary 2000-2008 and molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus a16, and echovirus 30. | human enteroviruses are associated with various clinical syndromes from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions like aseptic meningitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis. between june 2000 and august 2008 echovirus (e) type 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 25, 30, coxsackievirus (cv) -a16, -a19, -b5, and enterovirus 71 (ev71) were reported in hungary. in this study, 29 previously enterovirus positive samples from 28 patients diagnosed with hand, foot and mouth ... | 2010 | 20044791 |
| development of a high-throughput assay for measuring serum neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main etiologic agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and causes frequently severe neurological complications and mortality in young children. the serum neutralizing antibody response is the major indicator of ev71 infection and protective immunity. the current serum neutralization test based on inhibition of cytopathic effect (nt-cpe) requires manual microscopic examination, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. in this study, a high-throughput neutral ... | 2010 | 20036286 |
| extracorporeal life support for treatment of children with enterovirus 71 infection-related cardiopulmonary failure. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection leading to cardiopulmonary failure (cpf) is rare, but usually fatal. in such cases, intensive cardiorespiratory support is essential for survival. in this study, we report our experience in the treatment of ev71-related cpf with extracorporeal life support (ecls). | 2010 | 20033668 |
| emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases of the central nervous system. | neurologic disease is a major cause of disability in resource-poor countries and a substantial portion of this disease is due to infections of the cns. a wide variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses contribute to this disease burden. new emerging infections are commonly due to rna viruses that have expanded their geographic range, spread from animal reservoirs or acquired new neurovirulence properties. mosquito-borne viruses with expanding ranges include west nile virus, japanese encephaliti ... | 2010 | 20004230 |
| presence of high-titer neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 in intravenous immunoglobulin manufactured from chinese donors. | 2010 | 20001529 | |
| [genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 complete genome isolated in beijing, 2008]. | to investigate the characterization of the complete genome of ev71 in beijing, 2008 and to provide basis for selecting appropriate virus strain to develop vaccine. | 2009 | 19957602 |
| [genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 stains isolated in ningxia province in 2008]. | to study the genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 (ev71) strains isolated from specimens of patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) in ningxia province in 2008. | 2009 | 19957601 |
| [human enteroviruses and respiratory infections]. | enteroviruses (ev) (picornaviridae) are common infectious agents divided into 4 species, including 108 serotypes and responsible for a wide range of human pathologies including upper and lower respiratory tract infections occurring in adults and infants. recent clinical studies indicated that these viruses are considered as the third etiological cause of bronchiolitis in young infants aged 1-12 months. moreover, several clinical case studies reported the etiological role of the coxsackievirus a1 ... | 2009 | 19951666 |
| [association between hand-foot-and-mouth disease in xi'an and enterovirus 71]. | to isolate the prevalent strain of enterovirus 71 (ev71) in xi'an area in 2008, and compare the concordance of viral isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and immunofluorescent technique in detecting ev71, find the fast and effective method for detection, and analyze the differences between the ev71 strains isolated from xi'an and fuyang, anhui. | 2009 | 19951516 |
| [neurological manifestations and mechanism of cardiopulmonary failure in children with enterovirus 71 infection]. | 2009 | 19951490 | |
| hand, foot and mouth disease: seroprevalence of coxsackie a16 and enterovirus 71 in germany. | coxsackie a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) are members of the picornaviridae family and are associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), in rare cases also to acute neurological diseases. hfmd outbreaks have been reported from many parts of the world, especially southeast asia. the objective of the study was to analyze ca16 and ev71 seroepidemiologically in the population of frankfurt/m., germany. a total of 696 individuals (349 males and 347 females, divided into seven different age ... | 2010 | 19941005 |
| [roles and functions of who enterovirus collaborating center]. | the laboratory of enteroviruses of the department of virology ii, national institute of infectious diseases, is functioning as a who-designated collaborating center for virus reference and research (enterovirus) in virus isolation and identification, development, evaluation, and quality control of new laboratory diagnosis methods, training technical staffs and experts, preparing, maintaining and supplying of standard reagents and reference materials for the laboratory diagnosis of enterovirus in ... | 2009 | 19927988 |
| introduction of a strong temperature-sensitive phenotype into enterovirus 71 by altering an amino acid of virus 3d polymerase. | in 1998, an enterovirus 71 (ev71) epidemic in taiwan resulted in 78 deaths; however, the molecular basis of ev71 pathogenicity remains poorly understood. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences in 3d polymerases of ev71clinical isolates showed the t251v or t251i substitution from 1986 and 1998 outbreaks. an ev71 replicon system showed that introducing an i251t mutation did not affect luciferase activities at 35 degrees c when compared with wild type; however, lower luciferase activities w ... | 2010 | 19906393 |
| fatal case of enterovirus 71 infection, france, 2007. | a fatal case of enterovirus 71 infection with pulmonary edema and rhombencephalitis occurred in brest, france, in april 2007. the virus was identified as subgenogroup c2. this highly neurotropic enterovirus merits specific surveillance outside the asia-pacific region. | 2009 | 19891879 |
| formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccine protects a murine model of enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis against disease. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease and neurological complications, and no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are currently available. formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccines derived from ev71 clinical isolates and a mouse-adapted virus (mav) were tested in a mouse model of ev71 encephalomyelitis. after only two immunizations, given to mice at 1 and 7 days of age, the mav vaccine protected mice at 14 days of age from disease. tissues from immunized mice were neg ... | 2010 | 19864378 |
| [successful treatment of meningitis caused by enterovirus 71 infection in a child]. | 2009 | 19849953 | |
| enterovirus 71 induces cox-2 expression via mapks, nf-kappab, and ap-1 in sk-n-sh cells: role of pge(2) in viral replication. | the enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes severe neurological diseases that were mediated through cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) expression in brain. however, the mechanisms underlying ev71-initiated intracellular signaling pathways leading to cox-2 expression remain unknown in neurons. here we report that exposure of sk-n-sh cells to ev71 increased cox-2 expression and pge(2) generation in a time- and virus titer-dependent manner, revealed by western blot, real-time pcr, and pge(2) analyses. these ev71-induce ... | 2010 | 19800403 |
| generation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against enterovirus 71 using synthetic peptides. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has led to recent outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in china, resulting in high mortality. in this study, several monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing mice with two synthetic peptides, sp55 and sp70, containing amino acids 163-177 and 208-222 of vp1. the specificities of the anti-ev71 peptide monoclonal antibodies were confirmed by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry against ev71 virus. most importantly, we have identified a monoclonal ... | 2009 | 19799860 |
| [preparation and identification of the monoclonal antibodies against vp1 capsid protein of enterovius 71]. | to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against vp1 capsid protein of enterovirus 71. | 2009 | 19799022 |
| [in vitro study on the effect of ribavirin reducing the ev71 replication]. | observe the effect of ribavirin on reducing the ev71 replication, inactivating ev71 and protecting the rd-a cells against the ev71 infection in vitro. | 2009 | 19799016 |
| enterovirus 71 3c protease cleaves a novel target cstf-64 and inhibits cellular polyadenylation. | identification of novel cellular proteins as substrates to viral proteases would provide a new insight into the mechanism of cell-virus interplay. eight nuclear proteins as potential targets for enterovirus 71 (ev71) 3c protease (3c(pro)) cleavages were identified by 2d electrophoresis and maldi-tof analysis. of these proteins, cstf-64, which is a critical factor for 3' pre-mrna processing in a cell nucleus, was selected for further study. a time-course study to monitor the expression levels of ... | 2009 | 19779565 |
| reemergence of enterovirus 71 in 2008 in taiwan: dynamics of genetic and antigenic evolution from 1998 to 2008. | in recent years, enterovirus 71 (ev71) has been a cause of numerous outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, with severe neurological complications in the asia-pacific region. the reemergence in taiwan of ev71 genotype b5 in 2008 resulted in the largest outbreak of ev71 in taiwan in the past 11 years. phylogenetic analyses indicated that dominant genotype changes from b to c or c to b occurred at least three times between 1986 and 2008. furthermore, antigenic cartography of ev71 by using neutra ... | 2009 | 19776232 |
| sialylated glycans as receptor and inhibitor of enterovirus 71 infection to dld-1 intestinal cells. | many viruses recognize specific sugar residues, particularly sulfated or sialylated glycans, as the infection receptors. a change of sialic acid (2-6)-linked galactose (sa-alpha2,6gal) to sa-alpha2,3gal determines the receptor for avian flu infection. the receptor for enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection that frequently causes fatal encephalitis in asian children remains unclear. currently, there is no effective vaccine or anti-virus agent for ev71 infection. using dld-1 intestinal cells, this study ... | 2009 | 19751532 |
| [analysis on the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71 and coxsackie a16 virus infection in jiangsu, china]. | to determine the epidemiological features of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) outbreaks and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71(ev71) isolates from patients in lianyungang, jiangsu province in may, 2008. | 2009 | 19731523 |
| monoclonal antibodies to vp1 recognize a broad range of enteroviruses. | enteroviruses (evs) are common seasonal viruses that are associated with a variety of diseases. high-quality monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are needed to improve the accuracy of ev diagnosis in clinical laboratories. in the present study, the full-length vp1 genes of poliovirus 1 (polio 1) and coxsackievirus b3 (cox b3) were cloned, and the encoded proteins were expressed and used as antigens in an attempt to raise broad-spectrum mabs to evs. two pan-ev mabs were isolated: one raised against polio ... | 2009 | 19710278 |
| enterovirus 71: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has emerged as a major cause of neurological threat in the world following the eradication of poliovirus. most ev71 infections commonly result in hand-foot-mouth disease or herpangina, and some cases are associated with brainstem encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis. mortality was high in ev71 brainstem encephalitis complicated with pulmonary edema, particularly in children below 5 years of age. destruction of vasomotor in the brainstem by ev71 produces autonomic nervou ... | 2009 | 19681701 |
| emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. | in this 2-part review, i will focus on emerging virus infections of the central nervous system (cns). part 1 will introduce the basic features of emerging infections, including their definition, epidemiology, and the frequency of cns involvement. important mechanisms of emergence will be reviewed, including viruses spreading into new host ranges as exemplified by west nile virus (wnv), japanese encephalitis (je) virus, toscana virus, and enterovirus 71 (ev71). emerging infections also result fro ... | 2009 | 19667214 |
| risk factors for severe hand foot and mouth disease. | hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and herpangina are enteroviral infectious diseases caused mainly by coxsackie virus a (ca) or enterovirus 71 (ev71). from 2000 to 2002, many complicated cases were reported in japan, therefore a nationwide questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the situation. the subjects were patients with hfmd or herpangina, or other enterovirus infection from 2000 to 2002, who were either hospitalized over 24 h or who died. the response rates were 41.3% in 2000 and 2 ... | 2010 | 19663940 |
| [the epidemiologic and virological analysis of an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in inner mongolia in 2007]. | in 2007, an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) occurred in jungar banner, erdos city, inner mongolia autonomous region, china fever, vesicular exanthema on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks were presented in most of the patients. most of the patients were infants less than 5 years old, and an obvious peak period appeared in the disease outbreak. from 28 hospitalized patients, 23 stool specimens and 6 throat swab specimens were collected for enterovirus isolation, and 15 enterovi ... | 2009 | 19634756 |
| genetic changes of coxsackievirus a16 and enterovirus 71 isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease patients in toyama, japan between 1981 and 2007. | we characterized the genetic diversity of the complete vp1 region of coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease in toyama from 1981 to 2007 to evaluate the relationship between epidemics and genetic changes. the predominant genogroups of ca16 changed from b to c in 1995-1998, and genogroup c further changed from subgenogroup c1 to c2 around 2002, and to c3 in 2005-2007. the subgenogroups of the ev71 isolates were classified into ... | 2009 | 19628900 |
| epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in the netherlands, 1963 to 2008. | the incidence of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection has greatly increased in the asian pacific region since 1997. several large outbreaks, caused by different subgenogroups of ev71, occurred with high rates of morbidity and a substantial number of deaths. in 2007, 58 cases of ev71 infection requiring hospitalization were reported in the netherlands after a period of low endemicity of 21 years. these events triggered a study on the epidemiology of ev71 in the netherlands. genetic analysis of the vp1 ... | 2009 | 19625480 |
| [enterovirus 71: epidemiology and diagnostics]. | in 1970s enterovirus type 71 (ev71) caused several epidemics of poliomyelitis-like disease with severe neurologic sequelae. in the last 20 years ev71 was the cause of series of outbreaks and epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease-like conditions with neurologic sequelae in countries of south-east asia. during the last epidemic of ev71 infection, which occurred in china in 2008, more than 60,000 cases was registered, 38 of which were lethal. some aspects of epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics of ... | 2009 | 19621830 |
| enterovirus 71 infection of human dendritic cells. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes death and long-term neurologic sequelae in hundreds of thousands of young children, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. dendritic cells (dcs) play a crucial role in antiviral immunity by functioning as professional antigen-presenting cells to prime t cells and by secreting cytokines to modulate immune responses. here, we show that ev71 productively infected human immature dcs and expressed viral antigen in dcs. ev71 entry into dcs was partially mediated by dc-sign. ... | 2009 | 19596831 |