Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
---|
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines--two steps back for one leap forward. | respiratory viruses are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. from a vaccine viewpoint, such viruses may be divided into two principle groups-those where infection results in long-term immunity and whose continued survival requires constant mutation, and those where infection induces incomplete immunity and repeated infections are common, even with little or no mutation. influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) typify the former and latter groups, res ... | 2008 | 18340669 |
prospective evaluation of rapid antigen tests for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two important viral pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population. the rapid detection of these agents allows the prompt isolation and treatment of infected patients. in the present prospective study, we evaluated the performances of four rapid antigen detection assays, including a rapid chromatographic immunoassay (cia) for rsv (directigen ez rsv; becton dickinson, sparks, md), a direct fluore ... | 2008 | 18337386 |
outbreaks of human coronavirus in a pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit. | human coronavirus 229e (hcov) has been recently recognized as a potential agent of nosocomial viral respiratory infections (nrvi) in high-risk infants. we have confirmed this as fact through the study of a 1-year period of hcov outbreaks occurring during a prospective survey of nrvi in a paediatric and neonatal intensive care unit (pnicu) using new molecular techniques for hcov detection. nasal samples obtained at admission and weekly thereafter for all hospitalised children, as well as monthly ... | 2008 | 18335238 |
sub-nucleocapsid nanoparticles: a nasal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants less than two years old is a growing public health concern worldwide, and there is currently no safe and effective vaccine. a major component of rsv nucleocapsid, the nucleoprotein (n), has been so far poorly explored as a potential vaccine antigen, even though it is a target of protective anti-viral t cell responses and is remarkably conserved between human rsv a and b serotypes. we recently reported a method to produce re ... | 2008 | 18335041 |
comparison of direct immunofluorescence, conventional cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants. | a total of 316 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate from infants up to two years of age with acute respiratory-tract illnesses were processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using three different techniques: viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence, and pcr. of the samples, 36 (11.4%) were positive for rsv, considering the three techniques. pcr was the most sensitive technique, providing positive findings in 35/316 (11.1%) of the samples, followed by direct immunofluorescence ... | 2008 | 18327485 |
influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the elderly. | respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide: influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the predominant pathogens responsible. annual vaccination and the use of antiviral drugs provides both protection and treatment against influenza, particularly protecting those patients most at risk, including the elderly and individuals with chronic comorbidities. currently, there are extremely limited options in the protection against rsv infection, mak ... | 2008 | 18324893 |
the balance between plasmacytoid dc versus conventional dc determines pulmonary immunity to virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all infants by age 2 and is a leading cause of bronchiolitis. rsv may employ several mechanisms to induce immune dysregulation, including dendritic cell (dc) modulation during the immune response to rsv. | 2008 | 18320041 |
activation of the granzyme pathway in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | granzymes (grs), serine proteases present in granules of effector lymphocytes, are involved in several host immune responses, including the activation of cell death and inflammatory pathways. the main goal of this study was to determine whether the local cell-mediated gr pathway is activated during severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) in children. tracheal aspirates (ta) from 23 children with rsv-lrti and 12 controls without pulmonary disease were analy ... | 2008 | 18317234 |
melatonin decreases tlr3-mediated inflammatory factor expression via inhibition of nf-kappa b activation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected raw264.7 macrophages. | double-stranded (ds) rna has been identified as a ligand for toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3). respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus and a major respiratory pathogen and pneumovirus in human infants pathogenesis of which relies on early inflammatory and immune events of the host in response to rsv, could be recognized by tlr3 sensing viral dsrna produced during replication. the downstream signaling pathway from tlr3 leads to activation of ifn regulatory factor (irf)-3 and/or ... | 2008 | 18312297 |
[detection of respiratory syncytial virus with nested rt-pcr and a new rapid detection test kit in patients with influenza-like illness, including elderly adults]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, a common lower respiratory infection in infants, is now recognized in the usa as a significant problem in elderly adults. rsv infection has rarely been reported in adults in japan. nasal samples from 77 patients with influenza-like illness (ili) and negative for influenza in a rapid antigen detection kit were also tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify rsv. a clinical trial was also conducted using a new antigen detection test kit for r ... | 2008 | 18306671 |
antiviral and anti-proliferative glycoproteins from the rhizome of smilax glabra roxb (liliaceae). | the glycoproteins possessing antiviral and anti-proliferative activities were isolated from the chinese medicinal herb smilax glabra (known as tufuling), by extraction with 0.2 m nacl, ammonium sulfate precipitation, fetuin-agarose affinity chromatography and gel filtration. the molecular mass of the fetuin-binding glycoprotein (designated sgpf2) was estimated to be about 58 kda, with a major protein subunit of 26 kda. the non-fetuin binding glycoproteins (in the unadsorbed fraction) were furthe ... | 2008 | 18306461 |
identifying infections with respiratory syncytial virus by using specific immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with oral-fluid samples. | currently, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is identified in epidemiological studies by virus antigen or nucleic acid detection in combination with serology. oral-fluid specimens may provide a noninvasive alternative to blood, and oral fluid is more suitable for sampling outside of the clinic setting. we evaluated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rsv-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga by using oral-fluid samples collected from individuals with rs ... | 2008 | 18305129 |
molecular epidemiological analysis of a nosocomial outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus associated pneumonia in a kangaroo mother care unit in south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may cause severe lower respiratory tract disease in premature infants. prolonged viral shedding has been reported in patients with underlying immunosuppressive disorders, such as human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infection. during march to may 2006, 23 preterm pediatric patients developed nosocomial pneumonia in a district hospital in the gauteng province of south africa due to rsv infection. the patients were identified using routine diagnostic testing. al ... | 2008 | 18297695 |
two-year prospective study of single infections and co-infections by respiratory syncytial virus and viruses identified recently in infants with acute respiratory disease. | a prospective 2-year analysis including 322 infant patients with acute respiratory disease (ard) hospitalized in a pediatric department in northern italy was carried out to evaluate the role as respiratory pathogens or co-pathogens of recently identified viruses. the presence of respiratory syncitial virus (rsv), human metapneumoviruses (hmpvs), human bocaviruses (hbovs), and human coronaviruses (hcovs) was assayed by molecular detection and clinical symptoms evaluated. nasopharyngeal aspirates ... | 2008 | 18297694 |
proliferative expansion and acquisition of effector activity by memory cd4+ t cells in the lungs following pulmonary virus infection. | the memory cd4+ t cell response to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein in the lungs of primed balb/c mice undergoing challenge pulmonary rsv infection is dominated by effector t cells expressing a single vbeta-chain, vbeta14. we have used vbeta14 expression to examine the kinetics of the activation, accumulation, and acquisition of the effector activity of memory cd4+ t cells responding to pulmonary infection. this analysis revealed that proliferative expansion and effec ... | 2008 | 18292518 |
alveolar macrophages are a major determinant of early responses to viral lung infection but do not influence subsequent disease development. | macrophages are abundant in the lower respiratory tract. they play a central role in the innate response to infection but may also modulate excessive inflammation. both macrophages and ciliated epithelial cells respond to infection by releasing soluble mediators, leading to the recruitment of innate and adaptive effector cells. to study the role of lung macrophages in acute respiratory viral infection, we depleted them by the inhalation of clodronate liposomes in an established mouse model of re ... | 2008 | 18287232 |
il-10 gene polymorphism at -1082 a/g is associated with severe rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants. | we analyzed polymorphisms of il-10 -1082 g/a, il-18 -137 g/c, tlr4 +896 a/g, and ifng +874 t/a in 139 infants under 6 months of age hospitalized with bronchiolitis and 400 unselected blood donors. causative viruses were determined by pcr. infants with bronchiolitis associated with a virus other than respiratory syncytial virus (n = 18), were more often il-10 -1082 allele g non-carriers, that is, homozygous for allele a (aa) than controls (66.7% vs. 28.0%, p < 0.0001). infants with rsv bronchioli ... | 2008 | 18286551 |
regulation of mtorc1 signaling by src kinase activity is akt1-independent in rsv-transformed cells. | increased activity of the src tyrosine protein kinase that has been observed in a large number of human malignancies appears to be a promising target for drug therapy. in the present study, a critical role of the src activity in the deregulation of mtor signaling pathway in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed hamster fibroblasts, h19 cells, was shown using these cells treated with the src-specific inhibitor, su6656, and clones of fibroblasts expressing either the active src or the dominant-nega ... | 2008 | 18283331 |
[association between interleukin-8 gene-251 locus polymorphism and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and post-bronchiolitis wheezing in infants]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children under two years of age. it is not understood why some develop serious bronchiolitis. whether there is a genetic component is not known. the nature of the association between rsv bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing remains unknown. interleukin-8 (il-8) is a potent neutrophil chemokine and activator, which plays a role in virus-induced wheezing diseases. the purpose of this study was to assess the genetic association between the il-8 ... | 2007 | 18282421 |
serum interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and interleukin-6 in infants with adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to characterize adenoviral (adv) infection, the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and serum cytokine concentrations were evaluated in adv patients and compared with those in patients with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2008 | 18279213 |
asthma, lung function and sensitization in school children with a history of bronchiolitis. | the purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate the association of school-age asthma with acute-bronchiolitis and examine the influence of potential risk factors. | 2008 | 18279205 |
the role of neutralizing antibodies in protection of american indian infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease. | navajo and white mountain apache infants have respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rates 2-5 times that of the general u.s. infant population. to evaluate whether these high rates can be attributable to low concentrations of maternally derived rsv neutralizing antibodies, we conducted a case-control study. | 2008 | 18277934 |
prospective multicenter study of the viral etiology of bronchiolitis in the emergency department. | to determine the viral etiology of bronchiolitis and clinical characteristics of children age < 2 years presenting to the emergency department (ed) with bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 18275439 |
recombinant simian varicella viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus antigens are immunogenic. | recombinant simian varicella viruses (rsvvs) were engineered to express respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens. the rsv surface glycoprotein g and second matrix protein m2 (22k) genes were cloned into the svv genome, and recombinant viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo. rsvvs were also engineered to express the membrane-anchored or secreted forms of the rsv-g protein as well as an rsv g lacking its chemokine mimicry motif (cx3c), which may have different effects on priming the hos ... | 2008 | 18272766 |
clinical evaluation of nuclisens magnetic extraction and nuclisens analyte-specific reagents for real-time detection of human metapneumovirus in pediatric respiratory specimens. | in this study, we evaluated the nuclisens minimag (mm) and easymag (em) nucleic acid extraction platforms (biomérieux, durham, nc) in combination with the nuclisens easyq basic kit and analyte-specific reagents (asrs) (biomérieux) for the detection of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in respiratory samples. total nucleic acids from pediatric clinical samples (n = 653) and an hmpv-specific inhibition control (h-ic) were coextracted using the mm and/or the em. nucleic acid sequence-based amplification ... | 2008 | 18272716 |
the role of t cells in the enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection severity during adult reinfection of neonatally sensitized mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of infantile bronchiolitis and hospitalization. severe rsv disease is associated with the development of wheezing in later life. in a mouse model of the delayed effects of rsv, the age at primary infection determines responses to reinfection in adulthood. during primary rsv infection, neonatal balb/c mice developed only mild disease and recruited cd8 cells that were defective in gamma interferon production. secondary reinfection of neonatally ... | 2008 | 18272579 |
characterization of rous sarcoma virus polyadenylation site use in vitro. | polyadenylation of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) rna is inefficient, as approximately 15% of rsv rnas represent read-through transcripts that use a downstream cellular polyadenylation site (poly(a) site). read-through transcription has implications for the virus and the host since it is associated with oncogene capture and tumor induction. to explore the basis of inefficient rsv rna 3'-end formation, we characterized rsv polyadenylation in vitro using hela cell nuclear extracts and hek293 whole cell ... | 2008 | 18272196 |
ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis reduced the risk of asthma and allergen sensitization. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in early life is a risk factor for later development of asthma and atopy. ribavirin is the only effective drug currently available against acute rsv bronchiolitis. however, the long-term effects of ribavirin remain unclear. we investigated a cohort of children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis from when they were under 2 yr old until they reached a mean age of 6.2 yr. in total, we enrolled 175 children in this study. both the group treated with r ... | 2008 | 18257904 |
expression of chemokine receptor cx3cr1 in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoprotein g mimics fractalkine, a cx(3)c chemokine, which mediates chemotaxis of leukocytes expressing its receptor, cx(3)cr1. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rsv infection and expression of perforin and ifn-gamma in cx(3)cr1-expressing peripheral blood cd8(+) t cells. samples were collected from infants with rsv bronchiolitis, both in the acute and convalescence phase (n = 12), and from their age- and sex-matched healthy control ... | 2008 | 18257903 |
[unusual course of a guillain-barré syndrome in connection with an rs-virus infection in a 10 months old infant]. | guillain barré syndrome (gbs; synonyma: polyneuritis, polyradikulitis) is an acute, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerve system. clinical hallmarks are symmetric muscle paralysis, areflexia and pronounced autonomic disturbances. respiratory failure and cardiovascular instability are the main reasons for intensive care support in patients with gbs. we present the process of illness of an 10 month old baby with gbs. the report discusses rsv as possible triggers. for children ... | 2008 | 18256980 |
respifinder: a new multiparameter test to differentially identify fifteen respiratory viruses. | broad-spectrum analysis for pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections is becoming more relevant as the number of potential infectious agents is still increasing. here we describe the new multiparameter respifinder assay, which is based on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) technology. this assay detects 15 respiratory viruses in one reaction. the mlpa reaction is preceded by a preamplification step which ensures the detection of both rna and dna viruses wit ... | 2008 | 18256230 |
selection of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor clinical candidate. 2. discovery of a morpholinopropylaminobenzimidazole derivative (tmc353121). | a preceding paper (bonfanti et al. j. med chem. 2007, 50, 4572-4584) reported the optimization of the pharmacokinetic profile of substituted benzimidazoles by reducing their tissue retention. however, the modifications that were necessary to achieve this goal also led to a significant drop in anti-rsv activity. this paper describes a molecular modeling study followed by a lead optimization program that led to the recovery of the initial potent antiviral activity and the selection of tmc353121 as ... | 2008 | 18254606 |
withdrawn: glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. | systemic glucocorticoids have been widely prescribed for use in infants and young children with acute viral bronchiolitis but the actual benefit of this intervention requires clarification. | 2008 | 18254063 |
il-13 is required for eosinophil entry into the lung during respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children. children previously vaccinated with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine experienced enhanced morbidity and mortality upon natural rsv infection. histological analysis revealed the presence of eosinophils in the pulmonary infiltrate of the vaccinated children. eosinophils are characteristic of th2 responses, and th2 cells are known to be necessary to induce pulmonary eosinophilia in rsv-infected ... | 2008 | 18250447 |
evaluation of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of aln-rsv01, a novel rnai antiviral therapeutic directed against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | small interfering rnas (sirnas) work through rna interference (rnai), the natural rna inhibitory pathway, to down-regulate protein production by inhibiting targeted mrna in a sequence-specific manner. aln-rsv01 is an sirna directed against the mrna encoding the n-protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that exhibits specific in vitro and in vivo anti-rsv activity. the results of two safety and tolerability studies with aln-rsv01 involving 101 healthy adults (65 active, 36 placebo, single- a ... | 2008 | 18242722 |
comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and aspirates for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in children. | the quality of clinical specimens is a crucial determinant for virological diagnosis. | 2008 | 18242124 |
identification and classification of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques. | there is a critical need for a rapid and sensitive means of detecting viruses. recent reports from our laboratory have shown that surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) can meet these needs. in this study, sers was used to obtain the raman spectra of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains a/long, b1, and a2. sers-active substrates composed of silver nanorods were fabricated using an oblique angle vapor deposition method. the sers spectra obtained for each virus were shown to possess a hig ... | 2008 | 18236030 |
do viruses cause inner ear disturbances? | the association of viral infection to inner ear disease is controversial. experiments on animals show that several viruses are capable of causing hearing loss, if applied into the perilymph. some of these have specific affinity to the cellular type of the inner ear, as sensory epithelia and cochlear nerve. some viruses as adenoviruses and coxsackie virus b have specific car receptors that are identified in different cell types, whereas other act by attaching onto nonspecific cellular surface rec ... | 2008 | 18235204 |
understanding the mechanisms of viral induced asthma: new therapeutic directions. | asthma is a common and debilitating disease that has substantially increased in prevalence in western societies in the last 2 decades. respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus (rv) are widely implicated as common causes of the induction and exacerbation of asthma. these infections in early life are associated with the induction of wheeze that may progress to the development of asthma. infections may also promote airway inflammation and enhance t helper typ ... | 2008 | 18234348 |
the biennial cycle of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in croatia. | the paper analyses the epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks in children in croatia. over a period of 11 consecutive winter seasons (1994-2005) 3,435 inpatients from zagreb county aged from infancy to 10 years who were hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections were tested for rsv-infection. rsv was identified in nasopharyngeal secretions of patients by virus isolation in cell culture and by detection of viral antigen with monoclonal antibodies. in the zagreb ... | 2008 | 18226194 |
monoclonal antibodies against viruses and bacteria: a survey of patents. | antibodies have a long, successful and yet bumpy history of effectiveness against viruses and bacteria. polyclonal antibodies have a century-old history of being effective against some viruses and bacteria; recently, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have also shown success. the humanized mab synagis (palivizumab), which is still the only mab against a viral disease approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda), has been widely used as a prophylactic measure against respiratory syncytial vi ... | 2007 | 18221173 |
premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. | the purpose of this study was to report the clinical features and outcome of all children with a laboratory proven diagnosis of respiratory virus infection admitted to a university pediatric intensive care unit (picu). | 2008 | 18219695 |
the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus triggers p53-dependent apoptosis. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) frequently causes inflammation and obstruction of the small airways, leading to severe pulmonary disease in infants. we show here that the rsv fusion (f) protein, an integral membrane protein of the viral envelope, is a strong elicitor of apoptosis. inducible expression of f protein in polarized epithelial cells triggered caspase-dependent cell death, resulting in rigorous extrusion of apoptotic cells from the cell monolayer and transient loss of ... | 2008 | 18216092 |
the cost of community-managed viral respiratory illnesses in a cohort of healthy preschool-aged children. | acute respiratory illnesses (aris) during childhood are often caused by respiratory viruses, result in significant morbidity, and have associated costs for families and society. despite their ubiquity, there is a lack of interdisciplinary epidemiologic and economic research that has collected primary impact data, particularly associated with indirect costs, from families during aris in children. | 2008 | 18215329 |
[clinical characteristics of 12 persistently wheezing children with human bocavirus infection]. | the impact of human bocavirus (hbov), a newly identified human parvovirus, on childhood persistent wheezing has not been identified. in this study, the clinical features of infantile persistent wheezing induced by hbov was analyzed. | 2007 | 18211753 |
invasive pneumococcal and meningococcal disease: association with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus activity? | few studies have examined the relationship between viral activity and bacterial invasive disease, considering both influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd), meningococcal disease (md), and influenza virus and rsv activity in the netherlands. correlations were determined between population-based data on ipd and md during 1997-2003 and influenza virus and rsv surveillance data. incidence ... | 2008 | 18211724 |
lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus in infants: the role played by specific antibodies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. genotypes of this virus and the role of the infants' serum antibodies have yet to be fully clarified. this knowledge is important for the development of effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures. | 2007 | 18209912 |
[respiratory virus in children aged less than 10 years old suffering from respiratory infection in the hospital militar central in bogota from 2000-2001]. | a study was carried out on children seeking medical care at the hospital militar (hosmil) in bogota due to acute respiratory infection; it was aimed at estimating the frequency of respiratory virus-associated acute respiratory disease (ard) in children aged under 10. | 2007 | 18209824 |
rsv capsid polymorphism correlates with polymerization efficiency and envelope glycoprotein content: implications that nucleation controls morphogenesis. | we used cryo-electron tomography to visualize rous sarcoma virus, the prototypic alpharetrovirus. its polyprotein gag assembles into spherical procapsids, concomitant with budding. in maturation, gag is dissected into its matrix, capsid protein (ca), and nucleocapsid moieties. ca reassembles into cores housing the viral rna and replication enzymes. evidence suggests that a correctly formed core is essential for infectivity. the virions in our data set range from approximately 105 to approximatel ... | 2008 | 18206161 |
[epidemiological study on respiratory syncytial virus and its bronchopneumonia among children in suzhou]. | to probe the epidemiological trend of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and cellular immunological change of rsv bronchopneumonia among children in suzhou in the past five years. | 2007 | 18206007 |
cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mite allergen-sensitized atopic adults stimulated with respiratory syncytial virus and mite allergen. | the interaction between viral respiratory tract infection and allergen sensitization in allergic asthma is unclear. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has attracted attention as an important lower respiratory pathogen during childhood, while recent evidence indicates that rsv is also an important lower respiratory pathogen for adults. immunity against rsv differs between children and adults. several reports suggest that rsv infection in children results in a th2-skewed immune response. the purpos ... | 2008 | 18204281 |
polylactide-co-glycolide (plg) microparticles modify the immune response to dna vaccination. | priming with the major surface glycoprotein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) expressed by recombinant vaccinia leads to strong th2 responses and lung eosinophilia during viral challenge. we now show that dna vaccination in balb/c mice with plasmids encoding g attenuated rsv replication but also enhanced disease with lung eosinophilia and increased il-4/5 production. however, formulating the dna with plg microparticles reduced the severity of disease during rsv challenge without significant ... | 2008 | 18191308 |
respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with hematological diseases: single-center study and review of the literature. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant mortality in patients with hematological diseases, but diagnosis and treatment are uncertain. | 2008 | 18181739 |
[utility of real time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection among adult patients]. | viral respiratory infections (vri) are a frequent cause of morbidity among adult population. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces 20%> of vri, however diagnosis is limited for a low sensitivity of conventional (fda and elisa) tests. aim: to assess the impact of real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real time rt-pcr) technique in rsv diagnosis in adult hospitalized patients; to characterize rsv infection among these patients. | 2007 | 18180817 |
risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospital admission in new zealand. | this study assessed risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization and disease severity in wellington, new zealand. during the southern hemisphere winter months of 2003--2005, 230 infants aged < 24 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis were recruited. rsv was indentified in 141 (61%) infants. comparison with data from all live hospital births from the same region (2003--2005) revealed three independent risk factors for rsv hospitalization: birth between february and july [ad ... | 2008 | 18177522 |
effect of climatological factors on respiratory syncytial virus epidemics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) presents as yearly epidemics in temperate climates. we analysed the association of atmospheric conditions to rsv epidemics in san luis potosí, s.l.p., mexico. the weekly number of rsv detections from october 2002 and may 2006 were correlated to ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, vapour tension, dew point, precipitation, and hours of light using time-series and regression analyses. of the variation in rsv cases, 49.8% was explained by th ... | 2008 | 18177520 |
climatic, temporal, and geographic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus disease in a tropical island population. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of morbidity in children worldwide, although data from equatorial regions are limited. we analysed climatic, spatial, and temporal data for children presenting to hospitals in lombok island, indonesia with clinical pneumonia. during the study period, 2878 children presented and 741 rsv cases were identified. in multivariate analysis with an 8-day lag, occurrence of rain was associated with 64% higher incidence of rsv disease [incidence rate ... | 2008 | 18177515 |
viral etiology of acute respiratory infections with cough in infancy: a community-based birth cohort study. | acute respiratory infections (ari) are a major cause of morbidity in infancy worldwide, with cough and wheeze being alarming symptoms to parents. we aimed to analyze in detail the viral aetiology of ari with such symptoms in otherwise healthy infants, including rhinoviruses and recently discovered viruses such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv), coronavirus nl63 and hku1, and human bocavirus (hbov). | 2008 | 18174876 |
a community study of clinical traits and risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are important respiratory pathogens with similar symptomatology. the aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to identify risk factors for an hmpv or rsv infection during the first year of life in unselected healthy children. we followed 217 children from birth to 1 year of age. nasal swabs and symptom diaries were collected monthly. anti-hmpv and anti-rsv igg antibodies by age 1 year were detected by elisa, and nasal swabs ... | 2008 | 18172683 |
respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease in infants and young children observed from birth in kilifi district, kenya. | in developing countries, there are few data that characterize the disease burden attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and clearly define which age group to target for vaccine intervention. | 2008 | 18171213 |
rantes promoter gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is characterized by enhanced chemokine activity. several studies have linked increased regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) expression with severe rsv disease. three single nucleotide polymorphisms, -28c/g, -403g/a, and in1.1t/c in the rantes gene, have been correlated with the gene's transcriptional activity. in the present study, we explored the possible correlation of the genetic variability of the rantes gen ... | 2008 | 18162936 |
sensitive commercial nasba assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimen. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of three diagnostic procedures for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples. therefore, the fda cleared ce marked now(r) rsv elisa, the nuclisens easyq rsv a+b nasba, and a literature based inhouse rt-pcr protocol were compared for their relative sensitivities. thereby, nasba turned out to be the most sensitive method with a total number of 80 rsv positive samples out of a cohort of 251 nasopharyngeal washings from patien ... | 2007 | 18159240 |
type i interferon regulates respiratory virus infected dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production. | activation of dendritic cells (dcs) by viruses is critical for both innate and adaptive immune responses. in this report, we investigated the role of type i interferon (ifn) in the activation of dcs by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). using dcs from type i ifnr-/- mice, these studies indicate that maturation, including upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and optimal cytokine production, by rsv infection was dependent on type i ifn receptor signaling. subsequently, studies using dcs from w ... | 2007 | 18158727 |
[epidemiology of respiratory viral infection in 2004-2006.]. | the information on the incidence, seasonal variation and clinical pattern of respiratory virus infections is very important for clinicians in managing their patients. this study was aimed to define the epidemiology of respiratory viral pathogens in seoul and the neighboring areas from march 2004 to february 2006. | 2006 | 18156750 |
[techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections]. | techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections include conventional procedures and the new molecular tools. serology has no interest for diagnosis. antigen detection can be carried out by simple, easy and cheap tools. they are available at hospital and in community practice as well for the detection of influenza virus, rsv, hmpv, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. t ... | 2007 | 18095623 |
[respiratory virus expression in renal tissues and urine of children with steroid responsive simple nephrotic syndrome]. | to explore the relationship between respiratory virus infection and the episode of steroid responsive simple nephrotic syndrome (srsns). | 2007 | 18095598 |
lower respiratory tract disease in children: constant pathogens - constant management?! | this study analyses the pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infections (lri) in children in a german community hospital over six years. against this background the adoption of new diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the lri management and of rsv-cases in particular is studied. | 2008 | 18095251 |
differential role of gamma interferon in inhibiting pulmonary eosinophilia and exacerbating systemic disease in fusion protein-immunized mice undergoing challenge infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | secondary exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can lead to immunopathology and enhanced disease in vaccinated individuals. vaccination with individual rsv proteins influences the type of secondary rsv-specific immune response that develops upon challenge rsv infection, as well as the extent of immunopathology. rsv-specific memory cd4 t cells can directly contribute to immunopathology through their cytokine production. immunization of balb/c mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) ex ... | 2008 | 18094193 |
single intranasal immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine induces protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infancy and early childhood. despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against rsv. the g glycoprotein of rsv, a major attachment protein, is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses. here, a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus-based vaccine, rad/3xg, expressing the soluble core domain of g glycoprotein (amino acids 130 to 230) engineer ... | 2008 | 18094185 |
multiplex real-time pcr for detection of respiratory tract infections. | broad diagnostics of respiratory infection by molecular assays has not yet won acceptance due to technical difficulties and high costs. | 2008 | 18093871 |
respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in southeast florida: results from three area hospitals caring for children. | southeast florida generally experiences longer seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) than other parts of the country. in this report, the primary objective was to more accurately define the onset, peak, and duration of the rsv season in southeast florida. the results obtained for this region were also compared with those reported for the state and for the nation. seasonal patterns for rsv in southeast florida were analyzed based on the total number of rsv tests performed, numbe ... | 2007 | 18090202 |
respiratory syncytial virus laboratory surveillance and hospitalization trends in south texas. | surveillance of seasonal variations in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks is an important component in clinical decision-making. a retrospective analysis of 11 years of laboratory-based rsv surveillance and 7 years of hospitalization data was carried out to better define the onset and duration of the rsv season in south texas, as well as to evaluate the clinical impact and timing of rsv outbreaks on the number of infants hospitalized with rsv infection. all but one of the seasons examin ... | 2007 | 18090201 |
respiratory syncytial virus season and hospitalizations in the alaskan yukon-kuskokwim delta. | from 1993 to 1996, alaska native infants younger than 1 year of age from the yukon-kuskokwim delta region in alaska experienced a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate 5 times higher than the u.s. general infant population rate. this article describes the trends in hospitalization and prolonged annual season of rsv hospitalizations in yukon-kuskokwim children from 1993 to 2004 and discusses factors associated with high rates of rsv hospitalization and the impact of interventions ... | 2007 | 18090200 |
variation in timing of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks: lessons from national surveillance. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children. immune prophylaxis can reduce the risk of severe rsv disease among some high-risk infants. a summary and update of analyses using national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) data is provided to explore using surveillance data to better define the timing of rsv activity and rsv immune prophylaxis. the methodology used was that outlined in a study by mullins et al ... | 2007 | 18090199 |
diagnostic assays for respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the united states and worldwide is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and increased healthcare costs. effective diagnosis of viral respiratory infections, as well as recognition and understanding of the benefits and limitations of diagnostic laboratory testing, is essential. serology is not useful for diagnosing acute respiratory illness. antigen-based assays are widely available, easy to use, provid ... | 2007 | 18090198 |
temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet b radiation predict community respiratory syncytial virus activity. | to obtain knowledge of how meteorological conditions affect community epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, rsv activity was recorded year-round in 9 cities that differ markedly in geographic location and climate. local weather conditions were correlated with weekly or monthly rsv cases. similar reports from other areas varying in climate were also reviewed. results demonstrated that for all sites combined, weekly rsv activity was related to temperature in a bimodal fashion, ... | 2007 | 18090197 |
induction of type i interferons and interferon-inducible mx genes during respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in cotton rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in young children. in general, rsv is considered to be a poor inducer of type i (alpha/beta) interferons (ifns). measurement of active type i ifn production during infection in vivo is demanding, as multiple ifn subtypes with overlapping activities are produced. in contrast, mx gene expression, which is tightly regulated by type i ifn expression, is easily determined. this study therefore measured mx expression as a reliable ... | 2008 | 18089750 |
intranasal immunization of mice with a formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine co-formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides and polyphosphazenes results in enhanced protection. | as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) targets the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract, induction of both systemic and mucosal immunity will be critical for optimal protection. in this study, the ability of an intranasally delivered, formalin-inactivated bovine rsv (fi-brsv) vaccine co-formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) and polyphosphazenes (pp) to induce systemic and mucosal immunity, as well as protection from brsv challenge, was evaluated. intranasal immunization of mice with ... | 2008 | 18089749 |
prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in young children with cystic fibrosis. | in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with significant morbidity. although passive prophylaxis with palivizumab lowers hospitalization rate for rsv infection in populations at risk of severe infection, its use is not recommended in infants with cf disease. | 2008 | 18085710 |
azithromycin does not improve disease course in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease: a randomized equivalence trial. | nearly half of all hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) are treated with (parenteral) antibiotics. the present study was designed to test our hypothesis that the use of antibiotics would not lead to a reduced duration of hospitalization in mild to moderate rsv lrtd. | 2008 | 18085694 |
correlation of viral load as determined by real-time rt-pcr and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in early infancy. | in infants hospitalized for a lower respiratory tract infection (rti) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the correlation between viral load (vl) and patient clinical characteristics remains to be defined. | 2008 | 18082444 |
innate immunity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a serious and distressing illness, which occurs almost exclusively in infants under one year of age. although the majority of all children will have experienced an infection with rsv by the time they reach their second birthday, only a minority develop bronchiolitis. it is unclear why some otherwise healthy infants develop this severe illness and many studies have investigated whether or not this relates to an over-exuberant immunological respon ... | 2007 | 18075829 |
the similarities and differences of epidemic cycles of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations. | the majority of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and asthma exacerbations in both children and adults are associated with respiratory viral infections and are cyclic in nature. some variation in these cycles is associated with the timing of the appearance of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. much more, however, is associated with signal events that are of either fixed or predictable timing. in children, asthma exacerbations reach epidemic le ... | 2007 | 18073388 |
bronchiolitis: the new american academy of pediatrics guidelines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children worldwide. rsv is an important cause of lrti in infants and a variety of factors, such as gender, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, and exposure to tobacco smoke and breast feeding may affect the prevalence of rsv-related disease and, possibly, the risk of developing asthma-like symptoms during the school years. aap in 2006 formulated the new gu ... | 2007 | 18073171 |
respiratory syncytial virus infection and recurrent wheezing: what next? | recent literature has provided evidence of a link between early rsv infection and chronic respiratory morbidity (recurrent wheezing, reactive airway disease and asthma). the mechanism of this association is not well understood but both genetic and environmental factors are involved. the classical studies from sweden, tucson and finland are briefly summarized. moreover new data concerning a recent multi-center international study on this topic are presented. the study, which enrolled 191 preterm ... | 2007 | 18073170 |
[surveillance on human metapneumovirus in infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing, from 2004 to 2006]. | to understand the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in infants and young children in beijing, china. | 2007 | 18069558 |
one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in children. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children. rapid diagnosis is required to permit appropriate care and treatment and to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. reverse transcriptase (rt-pcr) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) methods have been considered important tools for virus detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity. in order to maximize use-simplicity and minimize the risk of sample cross-c ... | 2008 | 18068812 |
promoters influence the kinetics of transgene expression following adenovector gene delivery. | the kinetics of gene expression from adenovirus-based delivery vectors will be an important variable influencing the efficacy and toxicity of these vectors. as different promoters have variable strengths and kinetic profiles, the optimal dose of a therapeutic transgene product over time may be achieved by varying the promoter. | 2008 | 18064718 |
persistent of respiratory syncytial virus in human dendritic cells and influence of nitric oxide. | the annual epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are probably explained by poor herd immunity and the existence of a dormant reservoir of virus that is activated by an unknown trigger. the virus causes particular problems in infants, the elderly and patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (copd). during two consecutive winters, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) were exposed on a single occasion to one of two forms of rsv labelled with a fluorescent express ... | 2008 | 18062796 |
[respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children. a 3-year study]. | to assess the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other important respiratory viruses in children hospitalized in a pediatric hospital in paris (france) during a 3-year period (2001 to 2004). | 2008 | 18061394 |
the effect of interleukin-18 on airway inflammation in asthmatic murine models and its mechanisms. | in order to investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (il-18) on airway inflammation in asthmatic murine models and its mechanisms, balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): group a (control group); group b (asthmatic model group); group c (il-18-treated group). the asthmatic model was established in groups b and c by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) killed by ultraviolet. saline solution (0.1 ml) and il-18 (0.1 ml, 1 microg) were intraperitoneally injected respec ... | 2007 | 18060620 |
brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, july 2006-november 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children, typically infects persons by age 2 years and can cause subsequent infections throughout life. rsv infection primarily manifests as bronchiolitis or pneumonia and results in approximately 75,000 to 125,000 hospitalizations in the united states each year. persons at increased risk for severe disease or death include premature infants, older adults, and persons of any ... | 2007 | 18059258 |
increased pathogenesis and inflammation of airways from respiratory syncytial virus infection in t cell deficient nude mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is ubiquitous and leads to various outcomes between immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. this study aimed to compare rsv infection and inflammatory responses between immunocompetent balb/c mice and immunodeficient nude mice. rsv titers in both infected balb/c mice and nude mice peaked on the third day post-inoculation, but the nude mice had longer lasting and higher levels of viral replication. rsv infection induced a more severe grade of ... | 2008 | 18058127 |
transgene expression facilitated by the v-src splice acceptor can impair replication kinetics and lead to genomic instability of rous sarcoma virus-based vectors. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv) can be used for the simple generation of high-titer replication-competent retroviral (rcr) vectors. retroviruses undergo frequent genomic recombination, however, and vectors with reduced replication kinetics are rapidly overgrown by mutant forms. vector design is hence critical to vector efficacy. in this study, two different designs of rsv-based rcr vectors were evaluated. vectors in which transgene expression was facilitated by the v-src splice acceptor were revealed t ... | 2008 | 18057258 |
cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infants with severe primary respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a protective role for cd8+ t cells during viral infections is generally accepted, but little is known about how cd8+ t cell responses develop during primary infections in infants, their efficacy, and how memory is established after viral clearance. we studied cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and blood of infants with a severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv-specific cd8+ t cells with an activated effector cell phenotype: cd27+cd28+cd45ro+ccr7 ... | 2007 | 18056387 |
influence of a single viral epitope on t cell response and disease after infection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | ctl are important for virus clearance but also contribute to immunopathology after the infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the pulmonary immune response to rsv is dominated by a ctl population directed against the ctl epitope m2-1 82-90. infection with a virus carrying an m2-1 n89a mutation introduced by reverse genetics failed to activate this immunodominant ctl population, leading to a significant decrease in the overall antiviral ctl response. there was no compens ... | 2007 | 18056370 |
pulmonary peptidergic innervation remodeling and development of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by rsv persistent infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants and children, which is an important risk factor for the development of chronic asthma. to probe the underlying mechanisms that rsv infection increases the susceptibility of asthma, this present study was designed to establish a rsv persistent infection animal model by cyclophosphamide (cyp) pretreatment that more closely mimic human rsv infection. cyp is an immunosuppressant, which induced deficiency in cellular and humo ... | 2008 | 18055066 |
wheezy babies--wheezy adults? review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing. | population-based birth cohort studies have documented that about 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infection before their third birthday. recurrent wheezing is common in early childhood, but most patients outgrow their symptoms by school age. however, recent long-term postbronchiolitis follow-up studies from sweden and finland have revealed that asthma is present in about 40% of young adults and over half of the cases are relapses after many symptom-free years. in populatio ... | 2008 | 18052998 |
paxillin phosphorylation controls invadopodia/podosomes spatiotemporal organization. | in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells, invadopodia can self-organize into rings and belts, similarly to podosome distribution during osteoclast differentiation. the composition of individual invadopodia is spatiotemporally regulated and depends on invadopodia localization along the ring section: the actin core assembly precedes the recruitment of surrounding integrins and integrin-linked proteins, whereas the loss of the actin core was a prerequisite to invadopo ... | 2008 | 18045996 |
interleukin (il)-18 polymorphism 133c/g is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants. during the course of rsv infection, predominant t helper cell (th) 2 response is associated with disease progression, whereas predominant th1 reaction provides convalescence. interleukin (il)-18 plays an important role in adjusting the th1/th2 immune response to viral infections. thus, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in il-18 were associated with severe rsv-associated diseases. | 2007 | 18043444 |