Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| suppression of hiv replication by dominant negative mutants of hiv-1 (review). | various gag mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) generated in vitro were evaluated for their potentials to suppress the replication of wild-type (wt) virus. a single-round of wt virus replication in the presence of various mutant proteins was quantitatively monitored by transfection and infection experiments. out of 38 mutants examined, 15 were demonstrated to interfere with the replication of wt hiv-1 at early and/or late viral replication phase. some of these mutants were als ... | 1998 | 9855705 |
| chemokine receptor (ccr5) expression in human kidneys and in the hiv infected macaque. | the chemokine receptor, ccr5, has been identified as an essential co-receptor with cd4, which permits entry of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) into mammalian cells. this receptor may also mediate leukocyte and parenchymal responses to injury by virtue of its binding to locally released chemokines such as rantes, mip-1 alpha and mip-1 beta during inflammation. the localization of ccr5 in human or primate kidney is unknown. in this study we sought to identify sites of ccr5 synthesis through loc ... | 1998 | 9853259 |
| lack of effect of cytoplasmic tail truncations on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 rod env particle release activity. | in addition to its role in receptor binding, the envelope glycoprotein of certain human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolates, including rod10, exhibits a biological activity that enhances the release of hiv-2, hiv-1, and simian immunodeficiency virus particles from infected cells. the present study aims at better defining the functional domains involved in this biological activity. to this end, we have characterized the envelope protein of the rod14 isolate of hiv-2, which, despite 95% ... | 1999 | 9847387 |
| "hidden" dutpase sequence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120. | a coding region homologous to the sequence for essential eukaryotic enzyme dutpase has been identified in different genomic regions of several viral lineages. unlike the nonprimate lentiviruses (caprine arthritis- encephalitis virus, equine infectious anemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and visna virus), where dutpase is integrated into the pol coding region, this enzyme has never been demonstrated to be present in the primate lentivirus genomes (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [hiv ... | 1999 | 9847382 |
| [7 new cases of hiv-2 infection recognized in madrid in 1996 and 1997]. | the infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2) is endemic in western africa, where it is responsible for many of aids cases. in spain, 72 cases with hiv-2 until december 1997 had been reported, mainly in african immigrants. seven of these cases (4 males and 3 females) were identified during 1996 and 1997. five came from western africa and other two were spanish, one from alicant and the other from vigo. only one out of the seven patients presented clinical manifestations (pneumoc ... | 1998 | 9844454 |
| natural infection of a homozygous delta24 ccr5 red-capped mangabey with an r2b-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus. | a homozygous 24-bp deletion (delta24) was found in the cc chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) of 11 out of 15 red-capped mangabeys (rcms), cercocebus torquatus torquatus, both in africa and in an american zoo. the ccr5 delta24 defect encompassed eight amino acids in frame in the fourth transmembrane region. unexpectedly, rcm-009, one of 11 homozygotes (delta24ccr5/ delta24ccr5), was found to be naturally infected with a divergent simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strain, which was not r5-tropic, but u ... | 1998 | 9841919 |
| polyanion inhibitors of hiv and other viruses. 7. polyanionic compounds and polyzwitterionic compounds derived from cyclodextrins as inhibitors of hiv transmission. | new polyanionic compounds were obtained from radical addition of thiomalic acid and mercaptopropionic acid onto perallylated cyclodextrins (cds) under uv irradiation with a catalytic amount of alpha,alpha'-azobis(isobutyronitrile). all these polyanions, bearing 18-48 carboxylate groups, inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strain iiib replication in mt-4 cells at a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 0.1-2.9 microm, while not being toxic to the host cells at concentrations up ... | 1998 | 9836609 |
| binding of hiv-2 envelope glycoprotein to cd8 molecules and related chemokine production. | we recently found that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 envelope glycoprotein, but not that of hiv-1, could bind to cd4 and cd8 molecules on t cells, and that the binding site of hiv-2 envelope glycoprotein was located on the alpha-chain (but not the beta-chain) of cd8. this study showed that the binding of hiv-2 envelope glycoprotein could induce phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinase p56lck in cd8+ t cells. we also found that production of beta-chemokines in response to hiv-2 envelope ... | 1998 | 9824478 |
| reduction of the diagnostic window with a new combined p24 antigen and human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening assay. | in order to reduce the window phase between time of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and laboratory diagnosis, new fourth generation screening assays which permit a simultaneous detection of hiv antigen and antibody have been developed. in a multicenter study, a new automated fourth generation assay, enzymun-test hiv combi (boehringer mannheim gmbh) was compared to third generation assay, p24 antigen tests and western blot. a total of 37 seroconversion panels, samples of the early in ... | 1998 | 9820572 |
| rapid assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of immunoglobulin g antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) group m, hiv-1 group o, and hiv-2. | a rapid immunodiagnostic test that detects and discriminates human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections on the basis of viral type, hiv type 1 (hiv-1) group m, hiv-1 group o, or hiv-2, was developed. the rapid assay for the detection of hiv (hiv rapid assay) was designed as an instrument-free chromatographic immunoassay that detects immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to hiv. to assess the performance of the hiv rapid assay, 470 hiv-positive plasma samples were tested by pcr and/or western blot ... | 1998 | 9817891 |
| hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections among u.s. peace corps volunteers returning from west africa. | background: the risk of acquiring hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections among expatriates in, and travelers to, west africa is not known. the objective of the study was to examine the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) infections among peace corps volunteers in west africa. methods: a cross-sectional serosurvey was carried out in 18 west african countries. subjects were 2491 returning peace corps volunteers. the main outcome measure was seropositivity for hiv-1 and hiv ... | 1995 | 9815380 |
| candidate vaccines protect macaques against primate immunodeficiency viruses. | the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of potential vaccines against aids requires challenge models. the experimental infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) or chimeric viruses have proven to be most valuable. the progress made using simian models to assess the efficacy and identify the correlates or mechanism of protection by whole inactivated virus, live attenuated virus or recombinant sub-unit vaccines is reviewed. it is possi ... | 1998 | 9814954 |
| [antigenicity of nine synthetic peptides of human immunodeficiency virus]. | to establish a elisa method to detect the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), we synthesized nine peptides ranging in length between 10-27 amino acid (aa) of hiv located in the regions of gp41, p24 of hiv-1 and gp36 of hiv-2, according to the published amino acid sequence and the position of antigenic determinants of viruses, by a solid-phase method. we detected 10 positive sera of hiv-1 and 4 positive sera of hiv-2 by a indirect elisa using these synthetic peptides as the coating a ... | 1997 | 9812570 |
| zeta chain of the t-cell receptor interacts with nef of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a truncated version of the nef gene of simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac239 capable of encoding amino acids 98 to 263 was used as bait to screen a cdna library from activated lymphocytes in a yeast two-hybrid system. the zeta chain of the t-cell receptor (tcrzeta) was found to interact specifically not only with truncated siv nef in yeast cells but also with full-length glutathione s-transferase (gst)-sivnef fusion protein in vitro. coimmunoprecipitation of tcrzeta with full-length siv nef wa ... | 1998 | 9811718 |
| a dileucine motif in hiv-1 nef acts as an internalization signal for cd4 downregulation and binds the ap-1 clathrin adaptor. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) nef downregulates surface expression of cd4, an integral component of the functional hiv receptor complex, through accelerated endocytosis of surface receptors and diminished transport of cd4 from the golgi network to the plasma membrane. hiv-1 nef also diminishes surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigens. in the case of hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus 1 (siv-1) nef, aminoterminal tyrosine-based motifs mediate the ... | 1998 | 9811606 |
| inactivation of viruses by beta-propiolactone in human cryo poor plasma and igg concentrates. | virus inactivation by cold treatment with beta-propiolactone (bpl) was investigated in human cryo poor plasma and purified igg concentrates spiked with relevant human viruses or appropriate animal model viruses. the samples were treated with 0.1 or 0.25% bpl for 300 or 480 min, respectively. residual infectivity was determined by standard microtitration assays on tissue culture cells. the inactivation of all viruses tested was more effective in igg than in plasma. igg: r1=4-5.5 log10 for vesicul ... | 1998 | 9811521 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylates and regulates the hiv-1 vif protein. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vif protein plays a critical role in virus replication and infectivity. here we show that vif is phosphorylated and regulated by p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). vif phosphorylation by mapk was demonstrated in vitro as well as in vivo and was shown to occur on serine and threonine residues. two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping indicated that vif is phosphorylated by mapk on the same sites in vitro and in vivo. radioactive p ... | 1998 | 9792705 |
| phosphorylation of triciribine is necessary for activity against hiv type 1. | triciribine (tcn) is a tricyclic nucleoside with known antineoplastic and antiviral activity. it is a potent and selective inhibitor of hiv-1 and hiv-2, including strains known to be resistant to azt or tibo. tcn is phosphorylated to its 5'-monophosphate (tcn-p) by intracellular adenosine kinase (ak), but is not converted to di- or triphosphates. we now report that 5'-phosphorylation is requisite for the activity of tcn against hiv-1. cem cells incubated with tcn at concentrations ranging from 0 ... | 1998 | 9788672 |
| evaluation of screening kits for the detection of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (hiv-1/2) antibodies. | hiv-1/hiv-2 3rd generation (abbott), wellcozyme hiv 1 + 2 (murex), enzygnost anti-hiv 1/-hiv 2 (behring), and genelavia mixt (sanofi diagnostics pasteur) are currently registered by authorities as enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detecting hiv-1/2 infection. the present study dissects these reagents by means of the major antigenic components, assay principles and their actual performance. the performances have been evaluated by their test results in international panels of seroconversion, mixed ti ... | 1995 | 9774997 |
| [left ventricular aneurysm in human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report]. | the authors report the case of a 30 year old man with a left ventricular aneurysm who was seropositive to hiv 1 and hiv 2. the patient was stage ivc 1 (aids related complex) by the "center for disease control" classification. the clinical presentation was pyrexia, loss of weight, micropolyadenopathy and cardiac failure. the electrocardiogramme showed low voltage in the peripheral leads with a qs morphology in s2, s3 and avf and abrasion, of the r wave in the precordial leads. doppler echocardiog ... | 1998 | 9749229 |
| sequence diversity of siv(mne) nef in vivo and in vitro. | we have compared nef gene sequences isolated by pcr from peripheral blood lymphocyte dna of macaques which had been inoculated with either biologically or molecularly cloned siv(mne). two samples from each animal obtained either early after infection (week 2-8) or after significant cd4+ depletion (week 21-137) were analyzed. three substitutions in the predicted nef amino acid sequence were seen in all animals at the late time point, and two more in all but one. two of the common exchanges are lo ... | 1998 | 9747946 |
| the simian immunodeficiency virus mnd(gb-1) strain uses cxcr4, not ccr5, as coreceptor for entry in human cells. | the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) mnd(gb-1) strain, isolated from a mandrill, replicates in a human t cell line, cem cells, and is inhibited by the cxc-chemokines, stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha and 1beta (sdf-1alpha/sdf-1beta), the natural ligands for cxcr4. the ic50 was around 70-80 ng/ml, which corresponds to the ic50 of sdf-1alpha/sdf-1beta for t-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2. the specific anti-cxcr4 mab 12g5 inhibited replication of sivmnd at an ic50 ... | 1998 | 9747729 |
| hiv seronegativity in an infant with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report the case of an infant with progressive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and persistent seronegativity. the child had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 4 months of age and was documented to be hiv-infected by hiv-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase chain reaction (pcr), but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot tests for hiv-1 and hiv-2 specific antibodies remained negative until the infant was 10 months old. this case should increase awareness abou ... | 1998 | 9743066 |
| antibodies to the hiv type 2 core protein p26 and vpx: association with disease progression. | a longitudinal cohort study was conducted to define the prevalence and temporal pattern of antibody response to the hiv-2 virion-associated proteins p26gag and vpx. one hundred and forty-one asymptomatic hiv-2-infected women were enrolled, and followed for up to 11 years. eighty-one percent of the subjects had antibodies to p26, and 51% to vpx; response to these two antigens was not correlated. the response to both proteins was determined early in infection, and remained stable over time. the ab ... | 1998 | 9737587 |
| interaction of hiv-1 nef with the cellular dileucine-based sorting pathway is required for cd4 down-regulation and optimal viral infectivity. | the hiv-1 nef protein is important for pathogenesis, enhances viral infectivity, and regulates the sorting of at least two cellular transmembrane proteins, cd4 and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i. although several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the nef protein interacts directly with the cellular protein sorting machinery, the sorting signal in hiv-1 nef has not been identified. by using a competition assay that functionally discriminates between dileucine-based and ... | 1998 | 9736718 |
| an orphan seven-transmembrane domain receptor expressed widely in the brain functions as a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. | both cd4 and an appropriate coreceptor are necessary for infection of cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and most strains of hiv-2. the chemokine receptors ccr5 and cxcr4 are the major hiv-1 coreceptors, although some virus strains can also utilize alternative coreceptors such as ccr3 to infect cells. in contrast, most if not all simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) strains use ccr5 as a coreceptor, and many siv strains can use ccr5 independently of cd4. in addition, several orp ... | 1998 | 9733831 |
| mortality among human immunodeficiency virus type 2-positive villagers in rural guinea-bissau is correlated with viral genotype. | we present the results of a 6-year study of 131 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 (hiv-2)-infected individuals from a rural population in guinea-bissau. proviral dna sequences 1.3 kb in length were obtained from each individual and, together with clinical data, including proviral load and cd4 and cd8 levels, were used to assess whether viral genotype influences clinical outcome. with a phylogenetic model, a correlation was found between viral genotype and mortality; this correlation was ... | 1998 | 9733826 |
| genetic variation in a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 live-virus macaca nemestrina vaccine model. | four pigtailed macaques were inoculated with an infectious, apathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) molecular clone (hiv-2kr) and subsequently challenged with a highly pathogenic strain, hiv-2287, together with two naive control animals. after challenge, two animals inoculated with a high dose of the immunizing strain were protected from cd4 decline and immunodeficiency. to examine the role of genetic heterogeneity in protection, fragments of the env gene were amplified from peri ... | 1998 | 9733824 |
| improved detection of hiv-2 proviral dna in dually seroreactive individuals by pcr. | to improve the detection rate of hiv-2 proviral dna in primary uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of hiv-2-seroreactive and hiv-1-hiv-2 dually seroreactive individuals. | 1998 | 9727562 |
| hiv-2 and t cell recognition. | hiv-2 is less pathogenic and less transmissible than hiv-1. recent research in relation to deletions in the hiv nef gene and to immune cross-reactions between infections by hiv-2, hiv-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus suggests that t cell recognition and the control of viral replication may be more efficient in hiv-2 infection than in hiv-1 infection. these insights may be crucial to the design of effective vaccines. | 1998 | 9722912 |
| the amino terminus of human ccr5 is required for its function as a receptor for diverse human and simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins. | the chemokine receptor ccr5 plays a key role in the cd4-dependent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses into target cells. we have mapped the interaction sites on ccr5 for a number of novel anti-ccr5 monoclonal antibodies and have used these to study the role of the ccr5 n-terminal ectodomain in viral entry and to demonstrate differential ccr5 epitope expression on different cell types. deletions of the ccr5 amino terminal domain or substitution with equivalent regions from other ch ... | 1998 | 9721244 |
| specific interaction of conformational polypeptides derived from hiv gp120 with human t lymphocyte cd4 receptor. | specifically cross-linked peptides (peptomers) have been prepared from the repeating sequences of the c4 domains of glycoproteins 120 present in different isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in order to investigate if the hiv c4 peptomers could function as gp120 protein, we have used a novel protein-binding assay to examine if and which components of the peptomers could interact with cd4 receptor in vitro. here, we demonstrate that all the polymeric components of the hiv-1 c4 peptome ... | 1998 | 9719435 |
| validation of a new immunoblot assay (liatek hiv iii) for confirmation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | used as a supplemental assay, new anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) immunoblots, employing recombinant and synthetic antigens, appeared to resolve the majority of samples with false-reactive western blot results. would it be possible to completely replace the western blot by an immunoblot for confirmation and exclusion of hiv infection? | 1998 | 9709787 |
| design and evaluation of an in-house hiv-1 (group m and o), sivmnd and sivcpz antigen capture assay. | an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (sivcpz/sivmnd) antigens was designed using immunoreagents from naturally infected individuals, and compared to the commercially available vironostika hiv-1 antigen microelisa system (organon teknika). the in-house assay proved to be specific for hiv-1 isolates belonging to group m (a-h) and group o and for sivcpz and sivmnd isolates, but was less sensi ... | 1998 | 9705176 |
| human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among adults treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in seattle, washington, 1989-1993. | to estimate the potential risk of hiv exposure for those providing emergency care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in seattle, washington, by surveying the seroprevalence of hiv in the patient population. | 1998 | 9701296 |
| structural role of the 30's loop in determining the ligand specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus protease. | the structural basis of ligand specificity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease has been investigated by determining the crystal structures of three chimeric hiv proteases complexed with sb203386, a tripeptide analogue inhibitor. the chimeras are constructed by substituting amino acid residues in the hiv type 1 (hiv-1) protease sequence with the corresponding residues from hiv type 2 (hiv-2) in the region spanning residues 31-37 and in the active site cavity. sb203386 is a potent inhib ... | 1998 | 9692985 |
| a novel complex of proteins binds the hiv-1 promoter upon virus interaction with cd4. | hiv-1lai13em is a mutant isolate which is less sensitive than the parental hiv-1lai strain to an in vitro treatment with 13b8-2 anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody (mab) that generally inhibits transcription of hiv-1 and hiv-2. in contrast to other clade b viruses, this isolate carries a point mutation g > a at position -188 of the viral promoter. the fact that hiv-1ndk, a clade d virus insensitive to 13b8-2 mab, also carries an a nucleotide at this position has brought our attention to the sequence su ... | 1998 | 9691221 |
| highly potent synthetic polyamides, bisdistamycins, and lexitropsins as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. | alignment of the available human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) viral dna termini [u5 and u3 long terminal repeats (ltrs)] shows a high degree of conservation and the presence of a stretch of five or six consecutive adenine and thymine (at) sequences approximately 10 nucleotides away from each ltr end. a series of at-selective minor-groove binders, including distamycin and bisdistamycins, bisnetropsins, novel lexitropsins, and the classic monomeric dna binders hoechst 33258, 4'-diamino-2- ... | 1998 | 9687569 |
| mapping the rna binding sites for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gag and nc proteins within the complete hiv-1 and -2 untranslated leader regions. | encapsidation of hiv-1 genomic rna is mediated by specific interactions between the rna packaging signal and the gag protein. during maturation of the virion, the gag protein is processed into smaller fragments, including the nucleocapsid (nc) domain which remains associated with the viral genomic rna. we have investigated the binding of glutathione- s -transferase (gst) gag and nc fusion proteins from hiv-1, to the entire hiv-1 and -2 leader rnaencompassing the packaging signal. we have mapped ... | 1998 | 9685481 |
| the second extracellular loop of cxcr4 is involved in cd4-independent entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) strains that infect cells in the absence of cellular cd4 emerge spontaneously in vitro after culture in cd4+ t-cell lines. the hiv-2rod/b strain can use the cxcr4 chemokine receptor for efficient entry into cd4+ cells. here we have shown that the rat homologue of cxcr4, in the absence of cd4, failed to mediate cd4-independent entry by rod/b. furthermore, using rat-human chimeric cxcr4 receptors we have demonstrated that the second extracellular loop (e ... | 1998 | 9680144 |
| suppression of hiv-2 replication by hiv-1 gag mutants. | gag gene mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were analyzed for their potentials of inhibiting the replication of wild-type (wt) hiv-2, the second aids virus, in a single-round of viral replication. of twenty-two hiv-1 gag mutants examined, seven were found to efficiently interfere with the replication of wt hiv-2. some mutants, which can suppress the replication of wt hiv-1, did not show this inhibitory effect. these mutants were defective at the late phase of viral replicatio ... | 1998 | 9675152 |
| infection of primary human placental fibroblasts with hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv. | cells with fibroblast-like features were isolated from the villous tissue of normal term human placentas. immunocytochemical characterization of the cells showed that they were vimentin-positive but negative for factor-viii, cd14 and cd4. thus, the cells are mesenchymal and are not endothelial cells, macrophages or trophoblast. these cells were exposed to nine different cell-free virus isolates, including seven isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), one hiv-2 isolate and one si ... | 1997 | 9672589 |
| virion encapsidation of trna(3lys)-ribozyme chimeric rnas inhibits hiv infection. | retroviruses require a specific host cellular trna primer for initiation of first-strand dna synthesis. this primer is bound by viral proteins and copackaged into virions. we have exploited this property in the design and testing of an antiviral ribozyme fused to trna(3lys), the primer used for lentiviral replication, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1 and hiv-2). the chimera consists of trna(3lys) covalently attached to a hammerhead ribozyme, which is targeted to the region immediate ... | 1998 | 9669656 |
| reduction of diagnostic window by new fourth-generation human immunodeficiency virus screening assays. | in order to reduce the diagnostic window between the time of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and laboratory diagnosis, new screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) which permit the simultaneous detection of hiv antigen and antibody have been developed. two fourth-generation assays, hiv duo (biomérieux) and hiv combi (boehringer mannheim), for the combined detection of hiv antigen and antibody, were compared with a third-generation assay (hiv-1/hiv-2 3rd generation plus ... | 1998 | 9665998 |
| identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) encapsidation determinant and transduction of nondividing human cells by hiv-2-based lentivirus vectors. | although previous lentivirus vector systems have used human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2 is less pathogenic in humans and is amenable to pathogenicity testing in a primate model. in this study, an hiv-2 molecular clone that is infectious but apathogenic in macaques was used to first define cis-acting regions that can be deleted to prevent hiv-2 genomic encapsidation and replication without inhibiting viral gene expression. lentivirus encapsidation determinants are complex and inc ... | 1998 | 9658096 |
| the second extracellular loop of cxcr4 determines its function as a receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus. | the feline homolog of the alpha-chemokine receptor cxcr4 has recently been shown to support cell-cell fusion mediated by cxcr4-dependent strains of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) that have been selected for growth in the crandell feline kidney (crfk) cell line. in this report we demonstrate that expression of cxcr4 alone is sufficient to render cells from diverse species permissive for fusion with fiv-infected cells, suggesting that cxcr4 is ... | 1998 | 9658090 |
| determinants for sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor cxcr4 to the bicyclam amd3100. | the bicyclam amd3100 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). it was recently demonstrated that the compound inhibited hiv entry through cxcr4 but not through ccr5. selectivity of amd3100 for cxcr4 was further indicated by its lack of effect on hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection mediated by the ccr5, ccr3, bonzo, bob, and us28, coreceptors. amd3100 completely blocked hiv-1 infection mediated by a mutant cxcr4 bearing a del ... | 1998 | 9658078 |
| primary sivsm isolates use the ccr5 coreceptor from sooty mangabeys naturally infected in west africa: a comparison of coreceptor usage of primary sivsm, hiv-2, and sivmac. | genetically divergent strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from macaques (mac), chimpanzees, and sooty mangabeys (sm) efficiently used rhesus and human ccr5 (r5), but not cxcr4 (xr4), for cell entry. thus far, however, no studies have characterized primary sivsm strains for their use of coreceptors derived from their own natural host. coreceptor usage of two primary, blood-derived sivsm isolates, sivsmsl92b and sivsmfns from naturally infected sooty mangabeys, was determined. primary s ... | 1998 | 9656999 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 lentivirus vectors for gene transfer: expression and potential for helper virus-free packaging. | in addition to the long-term expression of the transgene provided by all retroviral vectors, lentiviruses present the opportunity to transduce nondividing cells and potentially achieve regulated expression. the development of lentiviral vectors requires the design of transfer vectors to ferry the transgene with efficient encapsidation of the transgene rna and with full expression capability, and of a packaging vector to provide packaging machinery in trans but without helper virus production. fo ... | 1998 | 9650621 |
| hypervariable epitope constructs representing variability in envelope glycoprotein of siv induce a broad humoral immune response in rabbits and rhesus macaques. | using synthetic peptides, we developed an approach to account for protein epitope variability. we have prepared, in a single synthesis, a cocktail of peptides we have designated a hypervariable epitope construct (hec), which collectively represents much of the in vivo variability seen in an epitope. eight hecs representing the in vivo variability seen throughout the envelope glycoprotein of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were designed and synthesized. the constructs were collectively co ... | 1998 | 9643375 |
| differential association of uracil dna glycosylase with sivsm vpr and vpx proteins. | the hiv-1 vpr protein is a virion-associated protein which has been shown to facilitate infection of nondividing macrophages and additionally to alter cell cycle and proliferation status of the infected host cell. hiv-1 vpr also was recently shown to associate with the dna repair enzyme uracil dna glycosylase (udg). this association with a dna repair enzyme is intriguing given that nonprimate lentiviruses encode a dutpase, which, like udg, minimizes the misincorporation of uracil into dna and is ... | 1998 | 9636373 |
| squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, invasive cervical carcinoma, and immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus in africa. dyscer-ci group. | squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) of the cervix are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, but multiple risk factors must be considered in this context. the authors performed a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with sils and invasive cervical carcinoma (icc). | 1998 | 9635533 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-2 infection in baboons is an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis in humans. | to assess disease progression in baboons (papio cynocephalus) that were infected with two human immunodeficiency virus-2 (hiv-2) isolates. | 1998 | 9625420 |
| coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 primary isolates and biological clones is broad and does not correlate with their syncytium-inducing capacities. | entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) into target cells is mediated by binding of the surface envelope glycoprotein to the cd4 molecule. interaction of the resulting cd4-glycoprotein complex with alpha- or beta-chemokine receptors, depending on the biological phenotype of the virus, then initiates the fusion process. here, we show that primary hiv-2 isolates and biological clones, in contrast to those of hiv-1, may use a broad range of coreceptors, including ccr-1, ccr-3, ccr-5, a ... | 1998 | 9621102 |
| nonreciprocal packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 rna: a possible role for the p2 domain of gag in rna encapsidation. | the ability of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) to cross-package each other's rna was investigated by cotransfecting helper virus constructs with vectors derived from both viruses from which the gag and pol sequences had been removed. hiv-1 was able to package both hiv-1 and hiv-2 vector rna. the unspliced hiv-1 vector rna was packaged preferentially over spliced rna; however, unspliced and spliced hiv-2 vector rna were packaged in proportion to their cytoplasmic concen ... | 1998 | 9621049 |
| role of the sh3-ligand domain of simian immunodeficiency virus nef in interaction with nef-associated kinase and simian aids in rhesus macaques. | the nef gene of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv and siv) is dispensable for viral replication in t-cell lines; however, it is essential for high virus loads and progression to simian aids (saids) in siv-infected adult rhesus macaques. nef proteins from hiv type 1 (hiv-1), hiv-2, and siv contain a proline-xaa-xaa-proline (pxxp) motif. the region of nef with this motif is similar to the src homology region 3 (sh3) ligand domain found in many cell signaling proteins. in virus-inf ... | 1998 | 9621042 |
| genetically divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 use multiple coreceptors for viral entry. | several members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor family have been shown to serve, with cd4, as coreceptors for entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). while coreceptor usage by hiv-1 primary isolates has been studied by several groups, there is only limited information available concerning coreceptor usage by primary hiv-2 isolates. in this study, we have analyzed coreceptor usage of 15 primary hiv-2 isolates, using lymphocytes from a donor with nonfunctional ccr5 (ccr ... | 1998 | 9620997 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rna in pools of sera negative for antibodies to hiv-1 and hiv-2. | a total of 234 pools were prepared from 10,692 consecutive serum samples negative for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 collected at five virological laboratories (average pool size, 45 serum samples). pools were screened for the presence of hiv-1 rna by a modified commercial assay (amplicor hiv-1 monitor test) which included an additional polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation step prior to purification of viral rna (peg amplicor assay). the sensitivity of thi ... | 1998 | 9620372 |
| antigenicity of linear and cyclic peptides mimicking the disulfide loops in hiv-2 envelope glycoprotein: synthesis, reoxidation and purification. | the external envelope glycoprotein (gp125) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) contains 22 cysteine residues. the positions of the 11 disulfide bridges in hiv-2 gp125 were determined by analogy with the experimental position of the disulfide bonds found in the gp120 of hiv-1. peptides expected to mimic all 11 disulfide-bonded domains containing from 13 to 47 amino acids were synthesized by the solid-phase method according to 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl strategy, except for peptide 5, w ... | 1998 | 9606017 |
| cytomegalovirus enteritis: a highly lethal condition requiring early detection and intervention. | cytomegalovirus infection causing symptomatic enteritis is most usually associated with immunosuppressed transplant patients or patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus. most reports studying this illness are small and do not clearly define the risk factors or mortality rates. | 1998 | 9593246 |
| human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections: relation with cervical dysplasia-neoplasia in african women. | our study assessed the factors associated with cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions (sils) and invasive cervical cancer, with special attention to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) infections. women from 3 outpatient gynecology clinics of abidjan, côte d'ivoire, were screened for cervical abnormalities: 151 women with low-grade sils and 151 controls, 60 with high-grade sils and 240 controls, and 13 with invasive cancer and 65 controls were enrolled in 3 case ... | 1998 | 9590121 |
| a serosurvey of haemophilus ducreyi, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 and their association with human immunodeficiency virus among female sex workers in lagos, nigeria. | to determine the prevalence rates of serological reactivity of haemophilus (h.) ducreyi, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antibodies among female sex workers (fsws) and their association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody status. | 1998 | 9587174 |
| cross-clade recognition of p55 by cytotoxic t lymphocytes in hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate cross-clade recognition of p55 antigen by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in persons infected with diverse clades of hiv-1; to facilitate the development of a ctl-inducing vaccine to prevent transmission of multiple clades of hiv-1. | 1998 | 9583596 |
| htlv-1 infection in a population-based cohort of older persons in guinea-bissau, west africa: risk factors and impact on survival. | in 1989, a population-based cohort of persons aged > or = 50 years was established in an urban area of guinea-bissau, west africa. overall, 346 persons were interviewed in detail about risk behaviors and had capillary blood drawn. among women, 12.4% were htlv-1 seropositive, compared with 4.6% in men. no htlv-2 was found. seropositivity varied considerably according to place of birth and ethnic group. in women, but not in men, htlv-1 seropositivity was strongly associated with early sexual debut ... | 1998 | 9579561 |
| [importance of molecular biology in retrovirus and herpesvirus infections]. | molecular biology has long been used as a tool for basic research in virology. its medical use is recent and has been supported both by numerous technical improvements and the discovery of new human viruses. this is illustrated by the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, hiv-2, human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv)-i/ii, and human herpesviruses (hhv) 6, 7 and 8. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gave a major boost to an extended use of molecular biology techniques. this resulted in a be ... | 1998 | 9577878 |
| ccr5 coreceptor utilization involves a highly conserved arginine residue of hiv type 1 gp120. | the seven-transmembrane ccr5 was recently found to double as a coreceptor for a genetically diverse family of human and nonhuman primate lentiviruses. paradoxically, the main region of the envelope protein believed to be involved in ccr5 utilization was mapped to hypervariable region 3, or v3, of the envelope glycoprotein gp120. in this study, we addressed the question of whether functional convergence in ccr5 utilization is mediated by certain v3 residues that are highly conserved among hiv typ ... | 1998 | 9576954 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpx-gag interaction. | incorporation of vpx into human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) virus-like particles is mediated by the gag polyprotein. we have identified residues 15 to 40 of gag p6 and residues 73 to 89 of vpx as being necessary for virion incorporation. in addition, we show enhanced in vitro binding of vpx to a chimeric hiv-1/hiv-2 gag construct containing residues 2 to 49 of hiv-2 p6 and demonstrate that the presence of residues 73 to 89 of vpx allows for in vitro binding to hiv-2 gag. | 1998 | 9573303 |
| mapping the genetic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 for cell tropism and replication efficiency. | two distinct infectious molecular clones of human immunodeficiency type 2 (hiv-2) were analyzed for their biological properties in six cell lines. fourteen chimeric and ten mutant viruses were constructed from these two viral genomes to localize the genetic determinants responsible for the phenotypes. growth property of the viruses in the cell lines, together with the biochemical data, showed that a major determinant for the viral tropism resides in the env gene. in addition, in some cell lines, ... | 1998 | 9572552 |
| construction of the chimeric reverse transcriptase of simian immunodeficiency virus sensitive to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. | a number of structurally diverse compounds have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the dna polymerase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt). the compounds can be grouped into two broad classes; nucleoside analogs and nonnucleoside rt inhibitors. the nonnucleoside rt inhibitors are quite specific for hiv-1 rt but not human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) rt. we have investigated the property of siv/hiv-1 ... | 1998 | 9570285 |
| multiply spliced env and nef transcripts of simian immunodeficiency virus from west african green monkey (sivagm-sab). | we have characterized the spliced transcripts of nef and envelope genes of sivagm from african green monkey of the sabaeus subspecies. most of the transcripts we have studied, representing the most abundant mrna species in our assay, have undergone a specific splicing event that removes a part of the trans-activation response (tar) element. this region is predicted to form a stable secondary structure (four stem-loop elements in sivagm-sab) that affects the trans-activation of viral gene express ... | 1998 | 9566554 |
| mechanism of nef-induced cd4 endocytosis: nef connects cd4 with the mu chain of adaptor complexes. | the nef protein of primate lentiviruses down-regulates the cell surface expression of cd4 and probably mhc i by connecting these receptors with the endocytic machinery. here, we reveal that nef interacts with the mu chains of adaptor complexes, key components of clathrin-coated pits. for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) nef, this interaction occurs via tyrosine-based motifs reminiscent of endocytosis signals. mutating these motifs prevents the b ... | 1998 | 9564030 |
| prevalence of infection with hiv, hepatitis b and c viruses, in four high risk groups in eritrea. | little is known about the prevalence of infections in different population groups in africa, and about the influence of living conditions on the spread of infections. this study is the first of its kind in the state of eritrea and is expected to serve as an evaluation of the situation in the country. | 1998 | 9562856 |
| a broad range of chemokine receptors are used by primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 as coreceptors with cd4. | like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), hiv-2 requires a coreceptor in addition to cd4 for entry into cells. hiv and siv coreceptor molecules belong to a family of seven-transmembrane-domain g-protein-coupled receptors. here we show that primary hiv-2 isolates can use a broad range of coreceptor molecules, including ccr1, ccr2b, ccr3, ccr4, ccr5, and cxcr4. despite broad coreceptor use, the chemokine ligand sdf-1 substantially blocked hiv-2 infec ... | 1998 | 9557695 |
| mutational scan of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 integrase protein. | retroviral integrase (in) cleaves linear viral dna specifically near the ends of the dna (cleavage reaction) and subsequently couples the processed ends to phosphates in the target dna (integration reaction). in vitro, in catalyzes the disintegration reaction, which is the reverse of the integration reaction. ideally, we would like to test the role of each amino acid in the in protein. we mutagenized human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in in a random way using pcr mutagenesis and generated a set ... | 1998 | 9557677 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in sooty mangabeys without inducing disease. | a serologic survey of primates living in a french zoo allowed identification of three cases of infection with simian immunodeficiency virus in sooty mangabeys (cercocebus atys) (sivsm). viral isolates, which were designated sivsmfr66, sivsmfr74, and sivsmfr85, were obtained after short-term culture of mangabey lymphoid cells. phylogenetic analysis of gag and env sequences amplified directly from mangabey tissues showed that the three sivsmfr were genetically close and that they constituted a new ... | 1998 | 9557672 |
| structured-tree topology and adaptive evolution of the simian immunodeficiency virus sivsm envelope during serial passage in rhesus macaques according to likelihood mapping and quartet puzzling. | species-specific strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are nonpathogenic in african primates. the siv strain most closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is sivsm, the strain specific to the sooty mangabey (cercocebus atys). infection of asian primates with siv causes aids and allows the study of the adaptive evolution of a lentivirus to replicate efficiently in a new host, providing a useful animal model of hiv infection and aids in humans. serial passage of sivs ... | 1998 | 9557648 |
| cross-reactions between the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses of human immunodeficiency virus-infected african and european patients. | the great variability of protein sequences from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 (hiv-1) isolates represents a major obstacle to the development of an effective vaccine against this virus. the surface protein (env), which is the predominant target of neutralizing antibodies, is particularly variable. here we examine the impact of variability among different hiv-1 subtypes (clades) on cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activities, the other major component of the antiviral immune response. ctl ... | 1998 | 9557634 |
| t-lymphocytopaenia, opportunistic infections and pathological findings in ghanaian aids patients and their sexual partners. | ninety-nine patients at center for disease control (cdc) clinical stage iv were studied. twelve (12.12%) of these patients turned out to be hiv seronegative. ten out of the 12 hiv negative patients were immunocompetent whereas the other two had proportional decreases in both cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytes. hiv-1, hiv-2, and dual infection, were detected in 51.5%, 2%, and 22.2% respectively of clinical aids patients. the other 12.12% of clinical aids patients were indeterminate for hiv antibodies. a ... | 1997 | 9557423 |
| transport of viruses through fetal membranes: an in vitro model of perinatal transmission. | a model system for perinatal transmission of viral infections was developed and transport of infectious virus particles through fetal membranes was investigated. viruses of different families known to cause serious intrauterine infections were selected, including relevant and model viruses: the dna-viruses hsv-1 and -2 as well as the animal herpes viruses bhv-1 and shv-1, the rna-virus bvdv as a model for hepatitis c virus, hiv-1 and -2, and ppv as a model for parvovirus b19. migration of infect ... | 1998 | 9557298 |
| evaluation of an expanded two-elisa approach for confirmation of reactive serum samples in an hiv-screening programme for pregnant women. | serum specimens were collected from 31,232 pregnant women in amsterdam between 1988 and 1995 in a screening programme for human deficiency virus (hiv) infection. the sera of 56 (0.179%) women tested were confirmed as positive for hiv. a total of 67 sera reacted positive or borderline by the screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indeterminate or negative by hiv-1 western blot; 42 of these specimens were available for evaluation of the strategy for diagnosis of hiv infection. a t ... | 1998 | 9557294 |
| the role of cytotoxic t-cells in hiv infection. | hiv-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are believed to play a major role in controlling virus levels through the asymptomatic period of hiv infection. for the rational design of an hiv vaccine, we need to know whether protective immunity can ever develop following hiv exposure in people who remain uninfected. we have detected hiv-specific ctl in 5/6 repeatedly exposed, persistently seronegative female sex-workers in the gambia. their ctl, repeatedly detected over two years, recognise epitope ... | 1998 | 9554277 |
| clinical pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in jos, nigeria. | a study of determine the seroprevalence rate and clinical presentation of hiv-associated pulmonary tuberculosis was carried out in jos between october 1990 and september 1991. out of the 180 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 11(6.1%) were confirmed seropositive for hiv-1 and 2. the peak age range for both tuberculosis and hiv infection in both sexes is 20-40 years. the risk of hiv infection was associated with multiple sex partners and blood transfusion. there was no significant d ... | 1996 | 9532299 |
| identification and characterization of an hiv-2 antibody-positive blood donor in the united states. | as of june 1, 1992, the food and drug administration recommended that all donated blood be screened for antibodies specific to hiv-2. despite broad serologic surveillance, only two cases of hiv-2 infection had been detected among potential blood and plasma donors since the implementation of the test. | 1998 | 9531953 |
| specific interaction of hiv-1 and hiv-2 surface envelope glycoproteins with monolayers of galactosylceramide and ganglioside gm3. | cellular glycosphingolipids mediate the fusion between some viruses and the plasma membrane of target cells. in the present study, we have analyzed the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2 surface envelope glycoproteins from distinct viral isolates with monolayers of various glycosphingolipids at the air-water interface. the penetration of the viral glycoproteins into glycosphingolipid monolayers was detected as an increase in the surface pressure. we found that hiv-1 re ... | 1998 | 9525894 |
| virological and molecular demonstration of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vertical transmission. | to demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) mother-to-child transmission exists, hiv-2 isolates were obtained from both an asymptomatic mother (hiv-2 strain arm), and her child (hiv-2 strain sar), who had a diagnosis of aids. to determine their biological phenotype, primary isolates were used to infect various primary mononuclear cells and cell lines. hiv-2 arm replicates in primary cells and jurkat-tat, while hiv-2 sar infects these cells plus supt1, which led us to classify ... | 1998 | 9525673 |
| a simple whole-blood test for detecting antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. | we developed an immunochromatographic whole-blood test (wbt) which detects antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) from fingerstick blood. the sensitivity and specificity of the wbt were 99.41% (1,018 confirmed positive patients) and 99.89% (941 uninfected patients), respectively (enzyme immunoassay [eia] on serum or plasma as a reference). wbt performance was comparable to those of licensed eias and western blotting, using 18 hiv-2 sera, 23 hiv-1 seroconversio ... | 1998 | 9521156 |
| detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in oral fluids: a large-scale evaluation of immunoassay performance. | paired serum and oral-fluid (of) specimens (n = 4,448) were collected from blood donors and patients attending local sexually transmitted disease clinics in trinidad and tobago and the bahamas and were tested for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antibodies. sera were tested by abbott ab hiv-1/hiv-2 (rdna) enzyme immunoassay (eia), and positive specimens were confirmed by cambridge hiv-1 and hiv-2 western blotting (wb). of specimens were collected with the orasure colle ... | 1998 | 9521138 |
| 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazine (ttd) derivatives: a new class of nonnucleoside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitors with anti-hiv-1 activity. | we report the development of a new group of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrtis). one of the most active congeners of this series of 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e] [1,2,4]thiadiazine (ttd) derivatives, i.e., 2-(3-fluorobenzyl)-4-cyanomethylen-l,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h- thieno [3,4-e] [1,2,4] thiadiazine) (qm96639) was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 [hiv-1 (iiib)] replication in mt-4 cells at a concentration of 0.09 microm. this compound was toxic for the ... | 1998 | 9517942 |
| highly sensitive method for amplification of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 dna. | we evaluated a new human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) dna amplification strategy based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell long pcr (xl pcr) followed by nested pcr amplification. the primers used were located in the highly conserved long terminal repeat and in the pol regions of the genome. five primer pairs corresponding to different regions of the hiv-2 env gene were used in the nested step. samples from 42 patients were tested, which yielded positive amplification with at least two ... | 1998 | 9508318 |
| a recombinant protein based immunoassay for the combined detection of antibodies to hiv-1, hiv-2 and htlv-i. | the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a combined assay for the detection of antibodies to hiv-1, hiv-2 and htlv-i (human t-cell leukemia virus type i). a mixture of recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides was fixed to the surface of microelisa wells and a protein a peroxidase conjugate was used as tracer. the combined assay was compared to specific hiv-1/2 and htlv-i commercial elisas. the sensitivity was studied with a panel of 158 hiv-1, 82 hiv-2 and 48 htlv-i positive sera, al ... | 1998 | 9506816 |
| a minimally replicative hiv-2 live-virus vaccine protects m. nemestrina from disease after hiv-2(287) challenge. | m. nemestrina immunized with an apathogenic hiv-2 molecular clone (hiv-2kr) were protected from cd4 decline and disease upon challenge with hiv-2(287), after any immunizing virus could be detected. higher but not lower inocula of hiv-2kr were protective against intravenous inoculation of either 10(5) or 10(1) tcid50 of hiv-2(287). protected animals displayed substantial reductions in pbmc proviral burden (1-3 logs), viral titers (1-2 logs), and plasma viral rna (2-4 logs) compared to unprotected ... | 1998 | 9501043 |
| cytotoxic t cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. | knowledge of immune mechanisms responsible for the cross-protection between highly divergent viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 may contribute to an understanding of whether virus variability may be overcome in the design of vaccine candidates which are broadly protective across the hiv subtypes. we demonstrate that despite the significant difference in virus amino acid sequence, the majority of hiv-2-infected individuals with different hla molecules possess a ... | 1998 | 9499105 |
| prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus among patients with tuberculosis in sierra leone, established from dried blood spots on filter paper. | sierra leone national tuberculosis programme. | 1997 | 9487445 |
| the regulation of primate immunodeficiency virus infectivity by vif is cell species restricted: a role for vif in determining virus host range and cross-species transmission. | the primate immunodeficiency virus vif proteins are essential for replication in appropriate cultured cell systems and, presumably, for the establishment of productive infections in vivo. we describe experiments that define patterns of complementation between human and simian immunodeficiency virus (hiv and siv) vif proteins and address the determinants that underlie functional specificity. using human cells as virus producers, it was found that the hiv-1 vif protein could modulate the infectivi ... | 1998 | 9482723 |
| left ventricular dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | we evaluated left ventricular function by echocardiography in a prospective study that included 98 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients and 40 hiv-seronegative normal controls. when compared with controls, hiv patients showed increased isovolumic relaxation time (101+/-18 ms versus 71+/-10 ms; p<0.0001) and left ventricular diastolic diameters (51+/-6 mm versus 47+/-3 mm; p<0.0005), and decreased fractional shortening (31+/-6% versus 37+/-2%; p<0.0001). diastolic dysf ... | 1998 | 9482143 |
| t cells chronically infected with hiv do not contain sufficient nef to promote cd4 downmodulation in the absence of envelope-mediated effects. | among hiv viral proteins, envelope glycoproteins and nef have been both suggested to participate in cd4 downregulation during the course of hiv infection. in a previous study, we provided evidence that a mutant form of cd4 that does not bind gp120 was never downregulated in chronically hiv-1- and hiv-2-infected cem cells. to further investigate the relative effects of nef or glycoproteins in cd4 downregulation, recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) vectors were used to express high levels of hiv-1 vir ... | 1998 | 9473011 |
| multicenter evaluation of the new automated enzymun-test anti-hiv 1 + 2 + subtyp o. | an international multicenter study was performed to evaluate a new, automated human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) third-generation antibody assay. the enzymun-test anti-hiv 1 + 2 + subtyp o showed 100% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity among 11,172 samples from hospitalized patients and blood donors. for early hiv antibody detection in seroconversion panels, enzymun-test showed a sensitivity equivalent to that of the abbott recomb. hiv-1/hiv-2 3rd gen. assay. | 1998 | 9466782 |
| [hiv infection in a seronegative child diagnosed by isolation of the virus. the significant immunological and epidemiological signs]. | hiv-1, subtype f was isolated from a seronegative child aged 2.5 yr. elisa tests (behring hiv-1 + 2, abbott hiv-1 + 2, wellcozyme hiv-1 recombinant, clonatec hiv-1 + 2, genelavia mixt), and also rapid tests (abbott pack, serodia) were all negative, although some of them presented borderline reactivities. western blot (cambridge biotech) revealed an undetermined profile (traces of anti-gp160 plus anti-p24). a new wb test (sanofi dg. pasteur) performed at a higher serum concentration (1/25) reveal ... | 1996 | 9455410 |
| induction of v3-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses by hiv gag particles carrying multiple immunodominant v3 epitopes of gp120. | effort to develop a vaccine to prevent infection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have focused on the induction of neutralizing antibodies. in our previous study, we reported that chimeric gag-env virus-like particles (vlps) induce neutralizing antibodies which block hiv infection. in addition to the neutralizing antibodies, the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response is considered to be another major immune defense mechanism required for recovery from many different viral infections. in the ... | 1998 | 9454705 |
| the rhesus macaque ccr3 chemokine receptor is a cell entry cofactor for hiv-2, but not for hiv-1. | the eotaxin receptor (ccr3) is a cd4-associated coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). by comparison with other chemokine receptors, such as ccr5 and cxcr4, the primary sequences of human ccr3 and its rhesus macaque homolog were markedly different in their extracellular domains. human cd4+ cells expressing ccr3 from either human or macaque origin could be infected by hiv-2, with apparently similar efficiency, but only cells expressing human ccr3 could be i ... | 1998 | 9454694 |