Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| single residue determines the specificity of neutrophil elastase for shigella virulence factors. | human neutrophil elastase (ne) is a key host defense protease that cleaves virulence factors of gram-negative bacteria. ne and cathepsin g (cg) are chymotrypsin-like serine proteases with sequence and structural similarities, and both are abundant in neutrophil granules. unlike ne, cg does not cleave virulence factors of enteric bacteria. through structure-function analysis, we identified regions in ne that are essential for cleaving shigella virulence proteins. ne residues at eight different po ... | 2008 | 18295791 |
| association of a factor h mutation with hemolytic uremic syndrome following a diarrheal illness. | hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) takes 2 forms: diarrheal hus and nondiarrheal hus. as its name suggests, diarrheal hus classically follows an enteric infection. the classic infective organism is the escherichia coli o157 serotype, although other bacteria, including shigella species, can produce the verocytotoxin required to cause hus. the usual clinical course is an episode of bloody diarrhea followed by thrombotic microangiopathy and acute renal failure. supportive treatment sees recovery of re ... | 2008 | 18295065 |
| diverse antimicrobial killing by enterococcus faecium e 50-52 bacteriocin. | an effective bacteriocin was identified and characterized. lactic acid bacteria were screened against campylobacter jejuni. one bacteriocin producer, enterococcus faecium (nrrl b-30746), was studied. the isolate was grown, and the bacteriocin was purified to single-band homogeneity. biochemical traits indicated that the peptide was a class iia bacteriocin, and it was named e 50-52. the bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 3339.7 and an isoelectric point of 8.0. the minimal inhibitory concentrat ... | 2008 | 18293921 |
| terpenoid compositions, and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the rhizome essential oils of different hedychium species. | a phytochemical study of the rhizome essential oils of four different hedychium species was performed by means of gc and gc/ms analyses. h. ellipticum mainly contained 1,8-cineole, sabinene, and terpin-4-ol, while h. aurantiacum possessed terpin-4-ol, para-cymene, and bornyl acetate as the major entities. similarly, trans-meta-mentha-2,8-diene and linalool were noticed in h. coronarium. three different collections (i-iii) of h. spicatum showed amazing differences in the relative contents of thei ... | 2008 | 18293443 |
| the shf gene of a shigella flexneri homologue on the virulent plasmid paa2 of enteroaggregative escherichia coli 042 is required for firm biofilm formation. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is an increasingly important cause of diarrhea in both developing and industrialized countries, and is characterized by strong biofilm formation on the intestinal mucosa. sequencing of the virulent plasmid paa2 of the prototype eaec 042 revealed a cluster of three open reading frames (orfs; shf, capu, and virk) ca. 93% identical to a similar cluster located in shigella flexneri. the function of the first orf shf protein is not known, but the closest well ... | 2008 | 18293034 |
| comparative analysis of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and orally infected ducklings with salmonella enteritidis by eric-pcr. | to analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (s. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings. | 2008 | 18286697 |
| reaching a consensus on management practices and vaccine development targets for mitigation of infectious diarrhoea among deployed us military forces. | this study is part of a research effort to identify and quantify factors related to the cost-effectiveness of a vaccine acquisition strategy to reduce the burden of infectious diarrhoea on us military personnel deployed overseas. where evidence is lacking in the scientific literature, or considerable uncertainty exists, it is often necessary to develop best estimates with ranges of certainty. to this end, a modified 'delphi' survey technique to obtain the best estimates for uncertain parameters ... | 2008 | 18284518 |
| distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella isolates in bangui, central african republic. | we conducted a prospective study in four urban health care centres between january 2004 and november 2005 to determine the distribution and susceptibility patterns of shigella strains causing invasive diarrhoea in bangui, central african republic. of the 155 shigella isolated, shigella flexneri (51%) and shigella dysenteriae (30%) were the most common and the most resistant to usual antibiotics, including amoxicillin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. though multi-drug resistan ... | 2008 | 18282240 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of highly purified invasin complex vaccine from shigella flexneri 2a. | development of a subunit vaccine for shigellosis requires identification of protective antigens and delivering these antigens in a manner that stimulates immunity comparable to that induced by natural infection. the shigella invasin complex (invaplex) vaccine is an ion-exchange-purified extract from virulent shigella that consists of lps and several other proteins, including the invasins ipab and ipac. intranasal delivery of invaplex stimulates protective immunity in small animal models for shig ... | 2008 | 18276045 |
| reactive arthritis following culture-confirmed infections with bacterial enteric pathogens in minnesota and oregon: a population-based study. | to describe the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of reactive arthritis (rea) following culture-confirmed infection with bacterial enteric pathogens in a population-based study in the usa. | 2008 | 18272671 |
| conserved amphiphilic feature is essential for periplasmic chaperone hdea to support acid resistance in enteric bacteria. | the extremely acidic environment of the mammalian stomach (ph 1-3) represents a stressful challenge for enteric pathogenic bacteria, including escherichia coli, shigella and brucella. the hdea (hns-dependent expression a) gene was found to be crucial for the survival of these enteric bacteria under extremely low ph conditions. we recently demonstrated that hdea is able to exhibit chaperone-like activity exclusively within the stomach ph range by transforming from a well-folded conformation at hi ... | 2008 | 18271752 |
| retrograde traffic in the biosynthetic-secretory route. | in the biosynthetic-secretory route from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, across the pre-golgi intermediate compartments, the golgi apparatus stacks, trans golgi network, and post-golgi organelles, anterograde transport is accompanied and counterbalanced by retrograde traffic of both membranes and contents. in the physiologic dynamics of cells, retrograde flow is necessary for retrieval of molecules that escaped from their compartments of function, for keeping the compartments' balances, and mai ... | 2008 | 18270728 |
| extracellular-loop peptide antibodies reveal a predominant hemichannel organization of connexins in polarized intestinal cells. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades colonic epithelial cells to elicit an intense inflammatory reaction leading to destruction of the mucosa. atp-dependent paracrine signalling induced by connexin (cx) hemichannel opening was previously shown to favor shigella flexneri invasion and dissemination in transfectants of hela cells [g. tran van nhieu, c. clair, r. bruzzone, m. mesnil, p. sansonetti and l. combettes. (2003). connexin-dependent intercellular communication incre ... | 2008 | 18267319 |
| [shigellosis outbreak with 146 cases related to a fair]. | on september 3, 2005, the ciudad real public health service (spain) received a report of 20 cases of gastroenteritis in the municipality of daimiel. we conducted an investigation to determine the cause or causes of the outbreak and to implement control measures. most of the cases involved young people who visited the municipality's fair. | 2008 | 18261440 |
| [shigella spp infections in children living in the metropolitan region, chile, during summer of 2004-2005]. | shigella spp is a frequent cause of diarrhea in children. antimicrobials decrease the duration of diarrhea and pathogen excretion. however, the increasing resistance limits their therapeutic value. | 2008 | 18259649 |
| timeliness of enteric disease surveillance in 6 us states. | we reviewed timeline information for a sample of salmonella spp., shigella spp., campylobacter spp., and escherichia coli o157:h7 cases and all confirmed foodborne outbreaks reported in 6 states during 2002. increasing the timeliness of case follow-up, molecular subtyping, and linkage of results are critical to reducing delays in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks. | 2008 | 18258128 |
| [effects of huoxiang zhengqi liquid on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea]. | to explore the effects of huoxiang zhengqi liquid (hxzq) on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea (bsd). | 2007 | 18257268 |
| traveler's myopericarditis. | colitis caused by shigella is an uncommon etiology of infectious diarrhea in developed countries, usually presenting as traveler's diarrhea. aside from clinical intestinal manifestations, shigellosis can present with a wide variety of extra-intestinal symptoms. we present the case of a 38-year-old man with diarrhea, fever, and chest pain that started after a holiday in cape verde (africa). blood samples revealed an increase in cardiac enzymes. an electrocardiogram revealed a widespread elevation ... | 2008 | 18249314 |
| eukaryotic expression and antimicrobial spectrum determination of the peptide tachyplesin ii. | ta0-a, the gene encoding the mature antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin ii, was engineered to optimize the coding sequence according to codon usage bias in yeast. ta0-a was efficiently expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris strain smd1168. the recombinant peptide ta0 reached 150mg/l after methanol induction for 6 d. ta0 was rapidly purified to homogeneity by a single step of size-exclusion chromatography. the minimal lethal concentrations of ta0 to the escherichia coli strain k12 wa ... | 2008 | 18249136 |
| on-line monitoring of microbial volatile metabolites by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry. | a method for analysis of volatile organic compounds (vocs) from microbial cultures was established using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (ptr-ms). a newly developed sampling system was coupled to a ptr-ms instrument to allow on-line monitoring of vocs in the dynamic headspaces of microbial cultures. the novel ptr-ms method was evaluated for four reference organisms: escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica, and candida tropicalis. headspace vocs in sampling bottles con ... | 2008 | 18245241 |
| cmy-2-type plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase finally emerging in argentina. | 2008 | 18242960 | |
| aeromonas-related diarrhoea in nasarawa, nigeria. | two hundred and fifty volunteer patients attending 5 major hospitals in nasarawa town, nasarawa state, nigeria were involved in this study to determine the prevalence of aeromonas spp in persons with diarrhoea. the study population consisted of 133 males and 117 females between the ages of 0-70 years. | 2007 | 18240708 |
| estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of the inva-gene-based pcr technique and a bacteriological culture for the detection of salmonella spp. in caecal content from slaughtered pigs using bayesian analysis. | the goal of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the inva-gene-based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a culture technique based on pre-enrichment with buffered peptone water, three selective enrichment media (selenite, tetrathionate and rappaport-vassiliadis broths) and four selective, solid media (xylose-lysine-tergitol-4, salmonella/shigella, hekton-enteric and macconkey), for the detection of salmonella organisms from caecal samples from slaughter pigs. for this purpose a latent-clas ... | 2008 | 18234030 |
| actin-based motility assay. | actin-based movement can be reconstituted by using microspheres functionalized with the enzymes n-wasp or acta, which use the arp2/3 complex and actin to catalyze the formation of a branched actin filament network that is maintained in rapid turnover by three proteins (capping protein, profilin, and adf). the particles continuously initiate filament assembly at their surface and are propelled, mimicking bacteria or the leading edge of motile cells. this biomimetic assay offers advantages over ap ... | 2004 | 18228440 |
| the origin of a novel gene through overprinting in escherichia coli. | overlapped genes originate by a) loss of a stop codon among contiguous genes coded in different frames; b) shift to an upstream initiation codon of one of the contiguous genes; or c) by overprinting, whereby a novel open reading frame originates through point mutation inside an existing gene. although overlapped genes are common in viruses, it is not clear whether overprinting has led to new genes in prokaryotes. | 2008 | 18226237 |
| regulation of expression and secretion of nleh, a new non-locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded effector in citrobacter rodentium. | together with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and enteropathogenic escherichia coli, citrobacter rodentium is a member of the attaching-and-effacing (a/e) family of bacterial pathogens. a/e pathogens use a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate an assortment of effector proteins, encoded both within and outside the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), into the colonized host cell, leading to the formation of a/e lesions and disease. here we report the identification and characteriza ... | 2008 | 18223087 |
| [season and age related structure of acute intestinal infections morbidity in the russian federation]. | to study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (aii) in the territory of the rf. | 2007 | 18219965 |
| nlrx1 is a mitochondrial nod-like receptor that amplifies nf-kappab and jnk pathways by inducing reactive oxygen species production. | nod-like receptors (nlrs) are a family of intracellular sensors of microbial- or danger-associated molecular patterns. here, we report the identification of nlrx1, which is a new member of the nlr family that localizes to the mitochondria. nlrx1 alone failed to trigger most of the common signalling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappab (nf)-kappab- and type i interferon-dependent cascades, but could potently trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). importantly, nlrx1 synergis ... | 2008 | 18219313 |
| [antimicrobial effect of 4-(adamantyl-1)-1-(1-aminobutyl)benzol]. | antimicrobial activity in vitro of adamantine derivative in respect of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms has been studied. in these conditions gram-positive bacteria and some representatives of gram-negative microorganisms (shigella flexneri, s. newvcastle, enterobacter aerogenes etc.) had maximal sensitivity (mic 0.6-5.0 and 0.1-5.0 mg/ml, respectively). pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to this substance (mic >1 mg/ml). | 2007 | 18217353 |
| selection and validation of a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis panel for typing shigella spp. | the shigella genus has historically been separated into four species, based on biochemical assays. the classification within each species relies on serotyping. recently, genome sequencing and dna assays, in particular the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) approach, greatly improved the current knowledge of the origin and phylogenetic evolution of shigella spp. the shigella and escherichia genera are now considered to belong to a unique genomospecies. multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (vnt ... | 2008 | 18216214 |
| nitrate and bacterial contamination in well waters in vinh phuc province, vietnam. | measurements were made of the nitrate concentration and bacterial contamination of groundwater samples taken from both dug wells and bores in the commune of hop thinh', in the administrative district of vinh phuc, vietnam. a significant number (18%) of samples had nitrate concentrations in excess of the who guideline value for drinking water of 50 mg l(-1), with a higher proportion in the dug wells (29%) than the bores (3.8%). high concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms were found in many of ... | 2008 | 18209289 |
| a functional genomic yeast screen to identify pathogenic bacterial proteins. | many bacterial pathogens promote infection and cause disease by directly injecting into host cells proteins that manipulate eukaryotic cellular processes. identification of these translocated proteins is essential to understanding pathogenesis. yet, their identification remains limited. this, in part, is due to their general sequence uniqueness, which confounds homology-based identification by comparative genomic methods. in addition, their absence often does not result in phenotypes in virulenc ... | 2008 | 18208325 |
| phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep deltastxa:hgr oral vaccine sc599 in healthy human adult volunteers. | twenty-eight adults received between 10(2) and 10(8)colony forming units of live shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine sc599, attenuated by deletion of invasion (icsa), iron chelation (ent, fep) and shiga toxin a-subunit (stxa) genes, followed by ciprofloxacin on day 4. dose-independent diarrhea or change in bowel habit was seen in 3 subjects, without dysentery, vaccinaemia or serious adverse events. hematology and biochemical parameters were unchanged. doses of 10(5) or greater induced dose-indep ... | 2008 | 18207287 |
| a comparison of self-reported joint symptoms following infection with different enteric pathogens: effect of hla-b27. | we conducted a case-case comparison study to estimate the attack-rate of reactive joint pain (jprea) following intestinal infections, and evaluated whether the susceptibility and severity of joint symptoms was associated with the tissue-type hla-b27. | 2008 | 18203313 |
| molecular pathogenesis of shigella spp.: controlling host cell signaling, invasion, and death by type iii secretion. | shigella spp. are gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that evolved from harmless enterobacterial relatives and may cause devastating diarrhea upon ingestion. research performed over the last 25 years revealed that a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded on a large plasmid is a key virulence factor of shigella flexneri. the t3ss determines the interactions of s. flexneri with intestinal cells by consecutively translocating two sets of effector proteins into the target cells. thus, s. flexneri co ... | 2008 | 18202440 |
| new information about pediatric foodborne infections: the view from foodnet. | diarrheal illness is a significant burden to children and their parents. recent studies describing the etiologic agents that cause diarrheal illness and examining the risk factors for the most common bacterial enteric pathogens are presented. | 2008 | 18197044 |
| evaluation of faecal occult blood test and lactoferrin latex agglutination test in screening hospitalized patients for diagnosing inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhoea in dhaka, bangladesh. | inflammatory diarrhoea (id) resulting from shigella, salmonella, campylobacter and entamoeba histolytica requires specific diagnosis for therapy. differentiation between id and non-inflammatory diarrhoea (nid) is often not clinically possible. a faecal occult blood test (fobt) correlates with faecal leucocytes. lactoferrin indicates an inflammatory process as a marker for faecal leucocytes. we evaluated diagnostic values of lactoferrin latex agglutination test (lt) either alone or in combination ... | 2008 | 18196900 |
| role and regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis genes in shigella flexneri virulence. | shigella flexneri, a causative agent of bacterial dysentery, possesses two predicted iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis systems called suf and isc. s. flexneri strains containing deletion mutations in the entire suf operon (ur011) or the iscsua genes (ur022) were constructed. both mutants were defective in surviving exposure to oxidative stress. the suf mutant showed growth that was comparable to that of the parental strain in both iron-replete and iron-limiting media; however, the isc mutant show ... | 2008 | 18195027 |
| the chaperone ipgc copurifies with the virulence regulator mxie. | the expression of a subset of shigella flexneri virulence genes is dependent upon a cytoplasmic chaperone, ipgc, and an activator from the arac/xyls family, mxie. in this paper, we report that the chaperone forms a specific and stable heteromer with mxie. | 2008 | 18192384 |
| antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of terpenoids isolated from spirostachys africana. | spirostachys africana sond. stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery in limpopo province of south africa. bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from bark of spirostachys africana led to the isolation of four known compounds, two triterpenoids, compound 1 [d-friedoolean-14-en-oic acid (3-acetyl aleuritolic acid)] and compound 2 (lupeol), and two diterpenes, compound 3 [ent-2,6alpha-dihydroxy-norbeyer-1,4,15-trien-3-one (diosphenol 2)] and compound ... | 2008 | 18191928 |
| bacterial actin assembly requires toca-1 to relieve n-wasp autoinhibition. | actin polymerization in the mammalian cytosol can be locally activated by mechanisms that relieve the autoinhibited state of n-wasp, an initiator of actin assembly, a process that also requires the protein toca-1. several pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, exploit this host feature to infect and disseminate efficiently. the shigella outer membrane protein icsa recruits n-wasp, which upon activation at the bacterial surface mediates localized actin polymerization. the molecular role of toca ... | 2008 | 18191793 |
| cytoplasmic targeting of ipac to the bacterial pole directs polar type iii secretion in shigella. | type iii secretion (t3s) systems are largely used by pathogenic gram-negative bacteria to inject multiple effectors into eukaryotic cells. upon cell contact, these bacterial microinjection devices insert two t3s substrates into host cell membranes, forming a so-called 'translocon' that is required for targeting of type iii effectors in the cell cytosol. here, we show that secretion of the translocon component ipac of invasive shigella occurs at the level of one bacterial pole during cell invasio ... | 2008 | 18188151 |
| serotonin, inflammation, and ibs: fitting the jigsaw together? | unexplained diarrhoea is a frequent indication for gastroenterologic referral, and after full investigation the most common final diagnosis is irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). some patients with ibs describe an acute onset of symptoms following infective gastroenteritis. postinfective ibs affects 7% to 31% of individuals infected, and appears to be a nonspecific response to injury which has been reported following salmonella-, campylobacter-, and shigella-related ibs. the strongest risk factor fo ... | 2007 | 18185071 |
| death from multi-resistant shigelloses: a case study from fiji. | death from shigellosis is rare in developed countries, however it causes over a million deaths in developing countries worldwide annually. death from shigellosis is rare in fiji. however, the global problem of emerging multi-drug resistance raises some issues about the management of shigellosis in this country. within fiji, shigella is a notifiable disease. the fiji ministry of health recorded 68 cases of shigella in 1996, 173 cases in 1997 and 334 cases in 1998 (no data available for 1999). the ... | 2006 | 18181399 |
| differential activation of human tlr4 by escherichia coli and shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide: combined effects of lipid a acylation state and tlr4 polymorphisms on signaling. | the lipid a of lps activates tlr4 through an interaction with myeloid differentiation protein-2 (md-2) and the degree of lipid a acylation affects tlr4 responsiveness. two tlr4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (asp299gly and thr399ile) have been associated with lps hyporesponsiveness. we hypothesized that the combination of hypoacylation and these single nucleotide polymorphisms would exhibit a compounded effect on tlr4 signaling. hek293t transfectants expressing wild-type or polymorphic tlr4 wer ... | 2008 | 18178854 |
| international foodborne outbreak of shigella sonnei infection in airline passengers. | during 22-24 august 2004, an outbreak of shigella sonnei infection affected air travellers who departed from hawaii. forty-seven passengers with culture-confirmed shigellosis and 116 probable cases who travelled on 12 flights dispersed to japan, australia, 22 us states, and american samoa. all flights were served by one caterer. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of all 29 s. sonnei isolates yielded patterns that matched within one band. food histories and menu reviews identified raw carrot served ... | 2009 | 18177516 |
| ph sensitivity of type iii secretion system tip proteins. | many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria employ type iii secretion systems to transport proteins into the host cell membrane and cytoplasm to subvert normal cellular functions. the type iii secretion apparatus consists of a basal body spanning the inner and outer bacterial membranes and a needle which extends away from the bacterium. recent work has found that a special class of proteins localizes to the tip of the needle to control secretion of effector proteins. five of these tip proteins are ip ... | 2008 | 18175320 |
| full structural characterization of shigella flexneri m90t serotype 5 wild-type r-lps and its delta galu mutant: glycine residue location in the inner core of the lipopolysaccharide. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for serious enteric infections that occur mainly in the terminal ileum and colon. high interest in shigella, as a human pathogen, is driven by its antibiotic resistance and the necessity to develop a vaccine against its infections. vaccines of the last generation use carbohydrate moieties of the lipopolysaccharide as probable candidates. for this reason, the primary structure of the core oligosaccharide from the r-lps produced by s. flex ... | 2008 | 18174310 |
| diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella strains isolated from children in a hospital case-control study in hanoi, vietnam. | this case-control study detected and characterized shigella and diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) types among vietnamese children less than 5 years old. in 249 children with diarrhea and 124 controls, shigella spp. was an important cause of diarrhea (p < 0.05). we used multiplex pcr and dna probes to detect enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), enteroaggregative e. coli (eaggec), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), attaching and effacing e. coli (a/eec), verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec), and ente ... | 2008 | 18174300 |
| role of escherichia coli in acute diarrhoea in tribal preschool children of central india. | five hundred and eighty preschool children belonging to tribal areas of madhya pradesh were followed up daily for the presence of diarrhoea for a period of 1 year. in all, 1236 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded with an average of 2.13 episodes per child per year. stool samples were collected during 780 episodes. they were cultured to isolate escherichia coli as well as non-e. coli enteropathogens. ten different genes were detected to identify all diarrhoeagenic e. coli using multiplex polymera ... | 2008 | 18173783 |
| a comparative synteny map of burkholderia species links large-scale genome rearrangements to fine-scale nucleotide variation in prokaryotes. | genome rearrangement events, including inversions and translocations, are frequently observed across related microbial species, but the impact of such events on functional diversity is unclear. to clarify this relationship, we compared 4 members of the gram-negative burkholderia family (burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei, burkholderia thailandensis, and burkholderia cenocepacia) and identified a core set of 2,590 orthologs present in all 4 species (metagenes). the metagenes were orga ... | 2008 | 18162473 |
| two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in mexican children. | diarrhoeal diseases constitute a major public health problem, particularly in the developing world, where the rate of mortality and morbidity is very high. the purpose of this study was to conduct a 2 years and 3 months study in order to determine the prevalence of five enteropathogen diarrheogenic agents in mexico city. | 2007 | 18162140 |
| surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholerae in latin america and the caribbean: a collaborative project. | 2000 | 18159288 | |
| outbreak of acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology caused by contaminated drinking water in a rural village in austria, august 2006. | in august 2006 a physician from a rural village reported an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. an investigation was undertaken in order to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, the source of infection and to prevent further disease. this is the first published outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by contaminated drinking water in austria. | 2007 | 18157605 |
| direct detection of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium in human feces by real-time pcr. | we have established a sybr green-based realtime pcr method using anydirect solution, which enhances pcr from whole blood, for direct amplification of the vira gene of shigella flexneri and the inva gene of salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior dna purification. when we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime pcr amplification of the vira and inva genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with s. flexneri and s. typhimurium in the presence or absence of a ... | 2007 | 18156776 |
| [clinical characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing shigella sonnei infection outbreaked in chungju area.]. | an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing shigella sonnei enteritis, especially in pediatric populations, was unprecedented not only in korea, but also throughout the world in the past. this study was intended to devise a management guideline for shigellosis caused by an esbl-producing strain based on analysis of the clinical manifestations and response to therapy. | 2006 | 18156720 |
| involvement of rna-binding protein hfq in the post-transcriptional regulation of inve gene expression in shigella sonnei. | the temperature-dependent regulation of shigella virulence genes is believed to be accomplished at the transcriptional stage by the regulators virf and inve. several lines of evidence herein described indicate that post-transcriptional regulation of inve expression plays a key role in the temperature-dependent regulation of virulence gene expression: (i) a considerable amount of inve mrna continues to be transcribed under low temperature conditions, where the production of inve protein is tightl ... | 2008 | 18156173 |
| shigella nomenclature. | 1949 | 18150949 | |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae; toxicity and antigenicity of whole organisms and various fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 18150948 | |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine; background, scope, and organization of the program. | 1949 | 18146106 | |
| identification of the nadler type (r. ettinger-tulczinska, 1943) with shigella sp. q 1167 (large-sachs) and the presence of shigella paradysenteriae boyd iii & v (flexner xi & xiii) in israel. | 1949 | 18145345 | |
| the relationship of shigella dispar to certain coliform bacteria. | 1949 | 18142351 | |
| treatment of shigella enteritis with oral streptomycin; a report of 34 cases. | 1949 | 18139543 | |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae; active protection of rabbits with whole organisms and fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 18139169 | |
| growth inhibitory effect on shigella dysenteriae which occurs with some batches of nutrient agar and is associated with the production of peroxide. | 1949 | 18138171 | |
| studies on bacteriophage; the relationship between the somatic antigens of shigella sonnei and their susceptibilitv to bacterial viruses. | phase i and phase ii sh. sonnei exhibit differences in their susceptibility to the t series of bacteriophages. both microorganisms are lysed by t(2) and t(6), but only the phase ii bacillus is lysed by t(3), t(4), and t(7). lysis of the phase i or phase ii bacillus by t(2) or t(6) is not inhibited by the homologous type-specific antigen. in the presence of an appropriate cofactor, however, the lysis of phase ii sh. sonnei by t(3), t(4), and t(7) is specifically inhibited by the homologous somati ... | 1949 | 18137298 |
| a field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine; serum agglutination studies. | 1949 | 18137145 | |
| an antibiotic substance produced by a member of the shigella group. | 1949 | 18133623 | |
| [desoxycholate-citrate medium, leifsons medium, in the diagnosis of salmonella and shigella]. | 1949 | 18128730 | |
| a new type of phase variation in the 103 race of shigella paradysenteriae. | 1949 | 18127625 | |
| [type-determination of shigella paradysenteriae (flexner) and how to distinguish them from similar bacteria]. | 1948 | 18126933 | |
| the relationship between ph tolerance, virulence, and proteolytic enzymes in bacteria; shigella. | 1949 | 18125676 | |
| the relation of shigella type-specificity and susceptibility to antibiotic-producing strains of escherichia coli. | 1949 | 18117864 | |
| studies in dysentery vaccination; response of children to booster injections of shigella vaccines. | 1949 | 18117858 | |
| studies in dysentery vaccination; primary vaccination of children with polyvalent vaccines of shigella. | 1949 | 18117857 | |
| the specific antigens of variants of shigella sonnei. | it has been shown that phase variation of sh. sonnei is accompanied by changes in morphology and antigenic structure. two mutants of the phase i organism (ii(s) and ii(r)), which were studied, elaborate somatic antigens which are immunologically identical. the purified lipocarbohydrate-protein antigens of the phase i and ii(s) microorganisms are chemically similar yet immunologically distinct and specific. by inference the same should hold true of the antigen of ii(r), but it has not yet been in ... | 1949 | 18110886 |
| outbreak of shigella schmitzii infection in men and apes. | 1949 | 18109522 | |
| a study of shigella isolated in india and burma, with special reference to two previously undescribed sero-types. | 1948 | 18106197 | |
| effect of hand wash agents on controlling the transmission of pathogenic bacteria from hands to food. | the goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of two hand wash regimens in reducing transient bacteria on the skin following a single hand wash and the subsequent transfer of the bacteria to a ready-to-eat food item, freshly cut cantaloupe melon. the number of bacteria recovered from hands and the quantity transferred to the melon were significantly less following the use of an antibacterial soap compared with plain soap. the antimicrobial soap achieved > 3-log reductions versus esc ... | 2007 | 18095447 |
| microbial survey of selected ontario-grown fresh fruits and vegetables. | recent produce-related outbreaks have been receiving heightened media coverage, which has increased public concern toward the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. in response, the microbial contamination of ontario-grown fresh fruits and vegetables was evaluated by the ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs during the summer of 2004. prior to this survey, information specific to the microbial contamination of ontario-produced fruits and vegetables was limited. this nonregulato ... | 2007 | 18095445 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of tem-116 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a shigella flexneri clinical isolate from chickens. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) produced by a clinical isolate of shigella flexneri from chickens were detected with confirmatory phenotypic tests of the clinical and laboratory standards institute, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antibacterial drugs against the isolate were determined by the twofold dilution method. the genotype and subtype of the esbl-producing s. flexneri isolate were identified by pcr amplifying of esbl genes and dna sequencing analysis. the result ... | 2008 | 18093137 |
| antimicrobial activity of an endophytic xylaria sp.yx-28 and identification of its antimicrobial compound 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. | an endophytic xylaria sp., having broad antimicrobial activity, was isolated and characterized from ginkgo biloba l. from the culture extracts of this fungus, a bioactive compound p3 was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified as 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry spectral data. the compound showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against staphylococcus aureus [minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) ... | 2008 | 18092158 |
| characterization of probiotic escherichia coli isolates with a novel pan-genome microarray. | microarrays have recently emerged as a novel procedure to evaluate the genetic content of bacterial species. so far, microarrays have mostly covered single or few strains from the same species. however, with cheaper high-throughput sequencing techniques emerging, multiple strains of the same species are rapidly becoming available, allowing for the definition and characterization of a whole species as a population of genomes--the 'pan-genome'. | 2007 | 18088402 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella flexneri and s. dysenteriae isolated from stool specimens of patients with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza, tanzania. | this study was conducted to determine frequency and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella species isolated from stool specimens collected from patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza city, tanzania. the study was carried out from october 2004 to october 2005 and involved patients attending sekou toure regional hospital and butimba health centre. bacteriological cultures were done at the national institute for medical research laboratory. a total of 489 patients (median ... | 2007 | 18087897 |
| systemic pharmacokinetics of rifaximin in volunteers with shigellosis. | rifaximin is an oral antibiotic indicated for treatment of traveler's diarrhea. rifaximin pharmacokinetics were evaluated in individuals challenged with shigella flexneri. peak plasma rifaximin concentrations were low after nine consecutive doses, and no accumulation was observed. rifaximin serum levels were minimal and similar to those previously reported in studies of healthy volunteers. | 2008 | 18086855 |
| isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ... | 2008 | 18086839 |
| effects of a human milk-derived human milk fortifier on the antibacterial actions of human milk. | to compare the effects of a human breastmilk-derived fortifier on the antibacterial activity of milk obtained from lactating mothers delivering prematurely with the effects of a powdered fortifier on the same milk. | 2007 | 18081457 |
| quinolone resistance among shigella spp. isolated from travellers returning from india. | among 200 isolates of shigella from patients with travellers' diarrhoea, 12 isolates (four isolated in 1995-2000 and eight in 2001-2004) exhibited quinolone resistance. nine of these isolates originated from india. these resistant isolates had at least one amino-acid substitution in gyra. quinolone resistance is increasing in shigella spp. causing travellers' diarrhoea, and particularly among isolates causing diarrhoea in travellers returning from india. | 2008 | 18076667 |
| activities of the frog skin peptide, ascaphin-8 and its lysine-substituted analogs against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing bacteria. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing gram-negative bacteria are becoming increasingly prevalent and their antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic intervention. ascaphin-8 is a cationic alpha-helical peptide that shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but is also toxic to human erythrocytes (lc(50)= 55 microm). this study assesses the activity of ascaphin-8, and a series of l-lysine-substituted analogs, against a range of clinical isolates of esbl-producing bacteria ... | 2008 | 18068868 |
| [identification of closely related bacteria via phylogenetic methods]. | to differentiate closely related pathogenic bacteria via phylogenetic method on the basis of gyrb gene sequences. | 2007 | 18067224 |
| [construction of prophylactic recombinant hpv58-attenuated shigella vector live vaccine and evaluation of its protective efficacy and immunogenicity in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model]. | to construct the prophylactic recombinant hpv58-attenuated shigella vector live vaccine and evaluate its protective efficacy and immunogenicity in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. | 2007 | 18062891 |
| [expression profile analysis of host hela cells invasived by shigella flexneri 2a]. | the changes of genes expression in hela cell during the invasion with shigella species for 1h and 3h were analyzed by cdna microarrays. the data showed that the expression levels of 752 genes were altered twice or greater as compared with the control 509 of them were up-regulated, and 306 were down-regulated. it was supposed that some signal pathways in hela cell were activated, then many genes were induced, and at last comprehensive cell responses were produced, so that hela cell could prevent ... | 2007 | 18062254 |
| structural insights into the enzymatic mechanism of the pathogenic mapk phosphothreonine lyase. | the ospf family of phosphothreonine lyase, including spvc from salmonella, irreversibly inactivates the dual-phosphorylated host mapks (pt-x-py) through beta elimination. we determined crystal structures of spvc and its complex with a phosphopeptide substrate. spvc adopts a unique fold of alpha/beta type. the disordered n terminus harbors a canonical d motif for mapk substrate docking. the enzyme-substrate complex structure indicates that recognition of the phosphotyrosine followed by insertion ... | 2007 | 18060821 |
| the versatility of shigella effectors. | when shigella infect the intestinal epithelium, they deliver several effectors through the type iii secretion system (t3ss) into the surrounding space and directly into the host-cell cytoplasm, where they can mimic and usurp host cellular functions or subvert host-cell signalling pathways and the immune response. although bacterial strategies and mechanisms of infection vary greatly, recent studies of shigella effectors have revealed that shigella possess a highly evolved strategy for infection. | 2008 | 18059288 |
| comparing invasive and non-invasive of isolated shigella flexneri by electron microscopy of cell culture, sds-page and congo red method. | the aim of this study was to compare invasive and non-invasive strains of shigella flexneri isolated from tehran by a 120 kda protein band by sds-page, electron microscopy of cell culture and congo red dye methods. | 2007 | 18051704 |
| shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells. | clathrin seems to be dispensable for some endocytic processes and, in several instances, no cytosolic coat protein complexes could be detected at sites of membrane invagination. hence, new principles must in these cases be invoked to account for the mechanical force driving membrane shape changes. here we show that the gb3 (glycolipid)-binding b-subunit of bacterial shiga toxin induces narrow tubular membrane invaginations in human and mouse cells and model membranes. in cells, tubule occurrence ... | 2007 | 18046403 |
| cloning, expression, purification, characterization, crystallization and x-ray diffraction of bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase from shigella flexneri 2a. | bifunctional pyrimidine deaminase/reductase (ribd) plays an important role during riboflavin biosynthesis in many microorganisms. the 40.4 kda ribd from shigella flexneri 2a has been cloned, expressed, purified and characterized. three crystals of ribd have been obtained by the hanging-drop technique at 291 k using peg 20k or nacl as precipitant. the ribd crystal using peg 20k as precipitant diffracted to 2.5a. | 2007 | 18045236 |
| [acute and prolonged infectious diarrheas, of microbial and viral etiology: methods of clinical and microbiological diagnosis]. | the authors relate clinical-microbiological criteria for a rational diagnosis of acute and prolonged enteritis, distinguishing between home and imported diarrheas. during 2005, 381 subjects (192 children and 189 adults) with acute diarrhea and 110 subjects (16 children and 94 adults) with prolonged diarrhea were examined. in the first group salmonella prevailed in 11.1% of cases (10.9% among children and 11.1% among adults); campylobacter in 9.2% (respectively 8.9% and 9.5%); other bacteria were ... | 2007 | 18044404 |
| culture independent analysis of ileal mucosa reveals a selective increase in invasive escherichia coli of novel phylogeny relative to depletion of clostridiales in crohn's disease involving the ileum. | intestinal bacteria are implicated increasingly as a pivotal factor in the development of crohn's disease, but the specific components of the complex polymicrobial enteric environment driving the inflammatory response are unresolved. this study addresses the role of the ileal mucosa-associated microflora in crohn's disease. a combination of culture-independent analysis of bacterial diversity (16s rdna library analysis, quantitative pcr and fluorescence in situ hybridization) and molecular charac ... | 2007 | 18043660 |
| parenteral long-acting amoxicillin reduces intestinal bacterial community diversity in piglets even 5 weeks after the administration. | we investigated the long-term effects of a single intramuscular administration of amoxicillin (15 mg kg(-1)) 1 day after birth, on piglet intestinal microbiota. animals received no creep feed before weaning on day 28 of age. for the next 11 days, the piglets received a wheat-barley-based diet. colon digesta samples were collected on day 39 and subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene fragments. dgge fingerprint diversity indices differed between ... | 2007 | 18043627 |