Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| hyperinvasive meningococci induce intra-nuclear cleavage of the nf-κb protein p65/rela by meningococcal iga protease. | differential modulation of nf-κb during meningococcal infection is critical in innate immune response to meningococcal disease. non-invasive isolates of neisseria meningitidis provoke a sustained nf-κb activation in epithelial cells. however, the hyperinvasive isolates of the st-11 clonal complex (st-11) only induce an early nf-κb activation followed by a sustained activation of jnk and apoptosis. we show that this temporal activation of nf-κb was caused by specific cleavage at the c-terminal re ... | 2015 | 26241037 |
| effects of dietary fats rich in lauric and myristic acid on performance, intestinal morphology, gut microbes, and meat quality in broilers. | this study investigated the hypothesis that dietary fats rich in lauric (c12) and myristic acid (c14) increase broiler performance and that the underlying mechanism involves antimicrobial effects on gut bacteria and changes in gut morphology. one hundred eighty 1-day-old cobb-500 broilers were allotted to 3 groups. all groups received a basal diet consisting of maize, wheat, soybean meal, and a fat source (4.5, 7.0, 7.6, and 8.0% of fat product in the diet during d 1 to 9, 10 to 17, 18 to 27, an ... | 2015 | 26240391 |
| opposite and coordinated rotation of amphitrichous flagella governs oriented swimming and reversals in a magnetotactic spirillum. | current knowledge regarding the mechanism that governs flagellar motor rotation in response to environmental stimuli stems mainly from the study of monotrichous and peritrichous bacteria. little is known about how two polar flagella, one at each cell pole of the so-called amphitrichous bacterium, are coordinated to steer the swimming. here we fluorescently labeled the flagella of magnetospirillum magneticum amb-1 cells and took advantage of the magnetically controllable swimming of this bacteriu ... | 2015 | 26240070 |
| first report and molecular characterization of a campylobacter jejuni isolate with extensive drug resistance from a travel-associated human case. | 2015 | 26239988 | |
| rapid, semiquantitative assay to discriminate among compounds with activity against replicating or nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the search for drugs that can kill replicating and nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis faces practical bottlenecks. measurement of cfu and discrimination of bacteriostatic from bactericidal activity are costly in compounds, supplies, labor, and time. testing compounds against m. tuberculosis under conditions that prevent the replication of m. tuberculosis often involves a second phase of the test in which conditions are altered to permit the replication of bacteria that survived the first ... | 2015 | 26239979 |
| comparison of infectious agents susceptibility to photocatalytic effects of nanosized titanium and zinc oxides: a practical approach. | nanotechnology contributes towards a more effective eradication of pathogens that have emerged in hospitals, veterinary clinics, and food processing plants and that are resistant to traditional drugs or disinfectants. since new methods of pathogens eradication must be invented and implemented, nanotechnology seems to have become the response to that acute need. a remarkable achievement in this field of science was the creation of self-disinfecting surfaces that base on advanced oxidation process ... | 2015 | 26239879 |
| cell surface-associated aggregation-promoting factor from lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 facilitates host colonization and competitive exclusion of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted to humans through poultry. we previously reported that lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 (lg2055) reduced c. jejuni infection in human epithelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathogen colonization of chickens in vivo. this suggested that the lg2055 adhesion and/or co-aggregation phenotype mediated by cell-surface aggregation-promoting factors (apfs) may be important for the competitive exclusion of c. je ... | 2015 | 26239091 |
| survey of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated cas proteins (crispr/cas) systems in multiple sequenced strains of klebsiella pneumoniae. | in recent years the emergence of multidrug resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains has been an increasingly common event. this opportunistic species is one of the five main bacterial pathogens that cause hospital infections worldwide and multidrug resistance has been associated with the presence of high molecular weight plasmids. plasmids are generally acquired through horizontal transfer and therefore is possible that systems that prevent the entry of foreign genetic material are inactive or ab ... | 2015 | 26238567 |
| mechanistic lessons learned from studies of planktonic bacteria with metallic nanomaterials: implications for interactions between nanomaterials and biofilm bacteria. | metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles (nps) are used in numerous applications and have high likelihood of entering engineered and natural environmental systems. careful assessment of the interaction of these nps with bacteria, particularly biofilm bacteria, is necessary. this perspective discusses mechanisms of np interaction with bacteria and identifies challenges in understanding np-biofilm interaction, considering fundamental material attributes and inherent complexities of biofilm structure. t ... | 2015 | 26236285 |
| arsp: a methylarsenite efflux permease. | trivalent organoarsenic compounds are far more toxic than either pentavalent organoarsenicals or inorganic arsenite. many microbes methylate inorganic arsenite (as(iii)) to more toxic and carcinogenic methylarsenite (mas(iii)). additionally, monosodium methylarsenate (msma or mas(v)) has been used widely as an herbicide and is reduced by microbial communities to mas(iii). roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzenearsonic acid) is a pentavalent aromatic arsenical that is used as antimicrobial growth pro ... | 2015 | 26234817 |
| high prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni in wild crows and pigeons. | the occurrence, seasonal variation and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in pigeons and crows over a 1-year period were evaluated. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 166 (34.6 %) out of 480 wild bird faecal samples. the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in faecal samples was higher among crows (39.2 %) than pigeons (30.0 %), (p < 0.05). campylobacter jejuni was the most common species detected among wild bird faecal samples (98.2 %). meanwhile, campylobacter coli prevalence in wild bird ... | 2015 | 26228635 |
| [detection of a disease cluster by the health authorities of stendal district due to campylobacter jejuni in a nursery after the consumption of raw milk]. | a notification from a laboratory concerning the detection of campylobacter jejuni in a 6-year-old boy initiated the investigation carried out by the health authorities from stendal district, in order to explain the morbidity rate caused by the germ. the day after the boy's pediatrician informed about a visit to a farm, which was confirmed by the head of the nursery. she told the health authorities about the consumption of raw milk during their visit at the farm.the following days more children f ... | 2015 | 26227383 |
| remodeling of tight junctions and enhancement of barrier integrity of the caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell layer by micronutrients. | the micronutrients zinc, quercetin, butyrate, indole and berberine were evaluated for their ability to induce remodeling of epithelial tight junctions (tjs) and enhance barrier integrity in the caco-2 gastrointestinal epithelial cell culture model. all five of these chemically very diverse micronutrients increased transepithelial electrical resistance (rt) significantly, but only berberine also improved barrier integrity to the non-electrolyte d-mannitol. increases of rt as much as 200% of untre ... | 2015 | 26226276 |
| comparative analysis of essential genes in prokaryotic genomic islands. | essential genes are thought to encode proteins that carry out the basic functions to sustain a cellular life, and genomic islands (gis) usually contain clusters of horizontally transferred genes. it has been assumed that essential genes are not likely to be located in gis, but systematical analysis of essential genes in gis has not been explored before. here, we have analyzed the essential genes in 28 prokaryotes by statistical method and reached a conclusion that essential genes in gis are sign ... | 2015 | 26223387 |
| messenger rna expression of chicken clock gene in the response to campylobacter jejuni inoculation. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. previous research has shown that circadian rhythm plays a critical role in host response to c. jejuni colonization. the clock gene is one of the core genes regulating circadian rhythms and shows significant expression on 7 d post-c. jejuni inoculation. the objective of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial expression of chicken clock gene post-c. jejuni inoculation. cecal and splenic rn ... | 2015 | 26223235 |
| genetics of autoimmune diseases: insights from population genetics. | human genetic diversity is the result of population genetic forces. this genetic variation influences disease risk and contributes to health disparities. autoimmune diseases (ads) are a family of complex heterogeneous disorders with similar underlying mechanisms characterized by immune responses against self. collectively, ads are common, exhibit gender and ethnic disparities, and increasing incidence. as natural selection is an important influence on human genetic variation, and immune function ... | 2015 | 26223182 |
| the acid adaptive tolerance response in campylobacter jejuni induces a global response, as suggested by proteomics and microarrays. | campylobacter jejuni ci 120 is a natural isolate obtained during poultry processing and has the ability to induce an acid tolerance response (atr) to acid + aerobic conditions in early stationary phase. other strains tested they did not induce an atr or they induced it in exponential phase. campylobacter spp. do not contain the genes that encode the global stationary phase stress response mechanism. therefore, the aim of this study was to identify genes that are involved in the c. jejuni ci 120 ... | 2015 | 26221965 |
| in vitro selection and interaction studies of a dna aptamer targeting protein a. | a new dna aptamer targeting protein a is presented. the aptamer was selected by use of the flumag-selex procedure. the selex technology (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is widely applied as an in vitro selection and amplification method to generate target-specific aptamers and exists in various modified variants. flumag-selex is one of them and is characterized by the use of magnetic beads for target immobilization and fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides for monitor ... | 2015 | 26221730 |
| arcobacter butzleri and a. cryaerophilus in human, animals and food sources, in southern chile. | the isolation frequency of arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. in all the samples it was possible to isolate arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to a. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to a. cryaerophilus . both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being a. butzleri the most frequently isolated species. | 2015 | 26221100 |
| a new variant of cytolethal distending toxin in a clinical isolate of campylobacter hyointestinalis. | increasing numbers of campylobacter hyointestinalis have been isolated from humans and animals with gastroenteritis, although the virulence mechanism of this species remains largely unknown. here, we show that c. hyointestinalis isolated from a patient with diarrhoea in thailand produced a novel variant of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). sequencing of a 13 965 bp genomic region of c. hyointestinalis carrying the genes coding for ch-cdt revealed three orfs of 798, 804 and 537 bp, which code fo ... | 2015 | 26220191 |
| adherence reduction of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains to hep-2 cells by mannan oligosaccharides and a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry extract. | campylobacter infections are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and are a major cause of diarrheal disease throughout the world. colonization and subsequent infection and invasion of campylobacter require that the bacteria adhere to the surface of host cells. agents that inhibit adherence could be used prophylactically to reduce campylobacter carriage and infection. mannan oligosaccharides (mos) have been used as a feed supplement in livestock animals to impr ... | 2015 | 26219363 |
| biofilm spatial organization by the emerging pathogen campylobacter jejuni: comparison between nctc 11168 and 81-176 strains under microaerobic and oxygen-enriched conditions. | during the last years, campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in developed countries. described as an obligate microaerophile, campylobacter has puzzled scientists by surviving a wide range of environmental oxidative stresses on foods farm to retail, and thereafter intestinal transit and oxidative damage from macrophages to cause human infection. in this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) was used to explore the biofilm development of two w ... | 2015 | 26217332 |
| campylobacter jejuni biofilms contain extracellular dna and are sensitive to dnase i treatment. | biofilms make an important contribution to survival and transmission of bacterial pathogens in the food chain. the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni is known to form biofilms in vitro in food chain-relevant conditions, but the exact roles and composition of the extracellular matrix are still not clear. extracellular dna has been found in many bacterial biofilms and can be a major component of the extracellular matrix. here we show that extracellular dna is also an important component of the c. ... | 2015 | 26217328 |
| the effects of high-pressure treatments on campylobacter jejuni in ground poultry products containing polyphosphate additives. | marinades containing polyphosphates have been previously implicated in the enhanced survival of campylobacter spp. in poultry product exudates. the enhanced campylobacter survival has been attributed primarily to the ability of some polyphosphates to change the ph of the exudate to one more amenable to campylobacter. in this study a ground poultry product contaminated with a 6 strain campylobacter jejuni cocktail was utilized to determine if the efficiency of high-hydrostatic-pressure treatments ... | 2015 | 26217028 |
| the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin active subunit cdtb contains a cholesterol recognition sequence required for toxin binding and subunit internalization. | induction of cell cycle arrest in lymphocytes following exposure to the aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is dependent upon the integrity of lipid membrane microdomains. moreover, we have previously demonstrated that the association of cdt with target cells involves the cdtc subunit which binds to cholesterol via a cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus sequence (crac site). in this study, we demonstrate that the active cdt subunit, cdtb, also is capab ... | 2015 | 26216427 |
| role of flga for flagellar biosynthesis and biofilm formation of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168. | the complex roles of flagella in the pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of worldwide foodborne diarrheal disease, are important. compared with the wild-type, an insertional mutation of the flga gene (cj0769c) demonstrated significant decrease in the biofilm formation of c. jejuni nctc11168 on major food contact surfaces, such as polystyrene, stainless steel, and borosilicate glass. the flga mutant was completely devoid of flagella and non-motile whereas the wild-type displayed t ... | 2015 | 26215271 |
| galectin binding to neo-glycoproteins: lacdinac conjugated bsa as ligand for human galectin-3. | carbohydrate-lectin interactions are relatively weak. as they play an important role in biological recognition processes, multivalent glycan ligands are designed to enhance binding affinity and inhibitory potency. we here report on novel neo-glycoproteins based on bovine serum albumin as scaffold for multivalent presentation of ligands for galectins. we prepared two kinds of tetrasaccharides (n-acetyllactosamine and n,n-diacetyllactosamine terminated) by multi-step chemo-enzymatic synthesis util ... | 2015 | 26213980 |
| a ferritin-like protein with antioxidant activity in ureaplasma urealyticum. | ureaplasma urealyticum is a major pathogen associated with many diseases. the ability of u. urealyticum to protect itself from oxidative stress is likely to be important for its pathogenesis and survival, but its oxidative stress tolerance mechanisms remain unclear. this study investigates the antioxidant activity of a ferritin-like protein from u. urealyticum. | 2015 | 26209240 |
| monomerization alters the dynamics of the lid region in campylobacter jejuni cstii: an md simulation study. | cstii, a bifunctional (α2,3/8) sialyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni, is a homotetramer. it has been reported that mutation of the interface residues phe121 (f121d) or tyr125 (y125q) leads to monomerization and partial loss of enzyme activity, without any change in the secondary or tertiary structures. md simulations of both tetramer and monomer, with and without bound donor substrate, were performed for the two mutants and wt to understand the reasons for partial loss of activity due to m ... | 2016 | 26208676 |
| the biosynthesis of udp-d-quinac in bacillus cereus atcc 14579. | n-acetylquinovosamine (2-acetamido-2,6-di-deoxy-d-glucose, quinac) is a relatively rare amino sugar residue found in glycans of few pathogenic gram-negative bacteria where it can play a role in infection. however, little is known about quinac-related polysaccharides in gram-positive bacteria. in a routine screen for bacillus glycan grown at defined medium, it was surprising to identify a quinac residue in polysaccharides isolated from this gram-positive bacterium. to gain insight into the biosyn ... | 2015 | 26207987 |
| chlamydia trachomatis in vivo to in vitro transition reveals mechanisms of phase variation and down-regulation of virulence factors. | research on the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis demands culture in cell-lines, but the adaptive process behind the in vivo to in vitro transition is not understood. we assessed the genomic and transcriptomic dynamics underlying c. trachomatis in vitro adaptation of strains representing the three disease groups (ocular, epithelial-genital and lymphogranuloma venereum) propagated in epithelial cells over multiple passages. we found genetic features potentially underlying pha ... | 2015 | 26207372 |
| virulence characteristics of hcp (+) campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from retail chicken. | recently the type vi secretion system (t6ss), which can play a significant role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, was reported in campylobacter spp., having the hcp gene as a key component. | 2015 | 26207145 |
| [the significance of fucosylated glycoconjugates of human milk in nutrition of newborns and infants]. | human milk is extremely complex secretion rich in biologically active glycoconjugates including free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans. alpha1-2-fucosylated glycoconjugates of human milk are component of the innate immune system and provide an additional defense for infants. participation of fucosylated glycotopes in the inhibition of infections caused by some bacteria and/or viruses rely on blocking of lectin-receptors of pathogen. free fucosylated glycoconjug ... | 2015 | 26206995 |
| human leukocyte antigen dqb1 (hla-dqb1) polymorphisms and the risk for guillain-barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system. there is no consensus regarding reported associations between human leukocyte antigen dqb1 (hla-dqb1) polymorphisms and the risk for developing gbs. here, we evaluated possible associations between hla-dqb1 polymorphisms and the risk for gbs using a meta-analysis. we searched pubmed for case-control genetic association studies for hla-dqb1 polymorphisms (*020x, *030x, *040x, *050x, and *060x) and the risk f ... | 2015 | 26204120 |
| high quality draft genome sequence and analysis of pontibacter roseus type strain src-1(t) (dsm 17521(t)) isolated from muddy waters of a drainage system in chandigarh, india. | pontibacter roseus is a member of genus pontibacter family cytophagaceae, class cytophagia. while the type species of the genus pontibacter actiniarum was isolated in 2005 from a marine environment, subsequent species of the same genus have been found in different types of habitats ranging from seawater, sediment, desert soil, rhizosphere, contaminated sites, solar saltern and muddy water. here we describe the features of pontibacter roseus strain src-1(t) along with its complete genome sequence ... | 2015 | 26203325 |
| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for molecular typing of mycoplasma pneumoniae. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major human respiratory pathogen causing both upper and lower respiratory disease in humans of all ages, and it can also result in other serious extrapulmonary sequelae. a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for m. pneumoniae was developed based on the sequences of eight housekeeping genes (ppa, pgm, gyrb, gmk, glya, atpa, arcc, and adk) and applied to 55 m. pneumoniae clinical isolates and the two type strains m129 and fh. a total of 12 sequence types (sts) resul ... | 2015 | 26202118 |
| rapid identification of bacteria directly from positive blood cultures by use of a serum separator tube, smudge plate preparation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | we analyzed the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) of smudge plate growth for bacterial identification from 400 blood cultures. ninety-seven percent of gram-negative bacilli and 85% of gram-positive organisms were correctly identified within 4 h; only eight isolates (2.0%) were misidentified. this method provided rapid and accurate microbial identification from positive blood cultures. | 2015 | 26202115 |
| the contribution of co-reference resolution to supervised relation detection between bacteria and biotopes entities. | the acquisition of knowledge about relations between bacteria and their locations (habitats and geographical locations) in short texts about bacteria, as defined in the bionlp-st 2013 bacteria biotope task, depends on the detection of co-reference links between mentions of entities of each of these three types. to our knowledge, no participant in this task has investigated this aspect of the situation. the present work specifically addresses issues raised by this situation: (i) how to detect the ... | 2015 | 26201352 |
| single-stranded dna aptamers against pathogens and toxins: identification and biosensing applications. | molecular recognition elements (mres) can be short sequences of single-stranded dna, rna, small peptides, or antibody fragments. they can bind to user-defined targets with high affinity and specificity. there has been an increasing interest in the identification and application of nucleic acid molecular recognition elements, commonly known as aptamers, since they were first described in 1990 by the gold and szostak laboratories. a large number of target specific nucleic acids mres and their appl ... | 2015 | 26199940 |
| microarray on digital versatile disc for identification and genotyping of salmonella and campylobacter in meat products. | highly portable, cost-effective, and rapid-response devices are required for the subtyping of the most frequent food-borne bacteria; thereby the sample rejection strategies and hygienization techniques along the food chain can be tailor-designed. here, a novel biosensor is presented for the generic detection of salmonella and campylobacter and the discrimination between their most prevalent serovars (salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium) and species (campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter ... | 2015 | 26198111 |
| association of anti-gt1a antibodies with an outbreak of guillain-barré syndrome and analysis of ganglioside mimicry in an associated campylobacter jejuni strain. | an outbreak of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis, occurred in china in 2007. serum anti-ganglioside antibodies were measured in gbs patients and controls. genome sequencing was used to determine the phylogenetic relationship among three c. jejuni strains from a patient with gbs (icdccj07001), a patient with gastroenteritis (icdccj07002) and a healthy carrier (icdccj07004), which were all associated with the outbreak. the ganglioside-like structures of th ... | 2015 | 26197476 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari in fresh chicken meat and by-products in bangkok, thailand, using modified multiplex pcr. | a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari was developed and validated to assess the occurrence of these bacteria in fresh chicken meat and by-products in bangkok, thailand, by using a new combination of four previously published pcr primers for c. jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and a universal 16s rdna gene as an internal control. the specificity was determined by using 13 strains of other bacteria. with pu ... | 2015 | 26197289 |
| evaluation of propidium monoazide and quantitative pcr to quantify viable campylobacter jejuni biofilm and planktonic cells in log phase and in a viable but nonculturable state. | despite being considered fragile and fastidious, campylobacter jejuni remains the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. c. jejuni survives stresses by forming biofilms or entering a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state. to investigate the number of viable cells in samples exposed to low nutrient and temperature stress, a novel method, propidium monoazide quantitative pcr (pmaqpcr), was compared with bac light biovolume analysis and conventional plate counting for th ... | 2015 | 26197281 |
| lessons in fundamental mechanisms and diverse adaptations from the 2015 bacterial locomotion and signal transduction meeting. | in response to rapid changes in their environment, bacteria control a number of processes, including motility, cell division, biofilm formation, and virulence. research presented in january 2015 at the biennial bacterial locomotion and signal transduction (blast) meeting in tucson, az, illustrates the elegant complexity of the nanoarrays, nanomachines, and networks of interacting proteins that mediate such processes. studies employing an array of biophysical, genetic, cell biology, and mathemati ... | 2015 | 26195592 |
| the o-antigen capsule of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium facilitates serum resistance and surface expression of flic. | group iv polysaccharide capsules are common in enteric bacteria and have more recently been described in nontyphoidal salmonella species. such capsules are known as o-antigen (o-ag) capsules, due to their high degree of similarity to the o-ag of the lipopolysaccharide (lpso-ag). capsular polysaccharides are known virulence factors of many bacterial pathogens, facilitating evasion of immune recognition and systemic dissemination within the host. previous studies on the o-ag capsule of salmonellae ... | 2015 | 26195553 |
| effects of nitrate addition on rumen fermentation, bacterial biodiversity and abundance. | this study examined changes of rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria biodiversity and abundance caused by nitrate addition with ion torrent sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. three rumen-fistulated steers were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% nitrate (dry matter %) in succession. nitrate supplementation linearly increased total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentration obviously (p = 0.02; p = 0.02; p<0.01), butyrate and isovalerate concentration numerically (p = 0 ... | 2015 | 26194220 |
| structural basis of transcription inhibition by cbr hydroxamidines and cbr pyrazoles. | cbr hydroxamidines are small-molecule inhibitors of bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) discovered through high-throughput screening of synthetic-compound libraries. cbr pyrazoles are structurally related rnap inhibitors discovered through scaffold hopping from cbr hydroxamidines. cbr hydroxamidines and pyrazoles selectively inhibit gram-negative bacterial rnap and exhibit selective antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. here, we report crystal structures of the prototype cbr hydroxa ... | 2015 | 26190576 |
| mechanisms of drug resistance: quinolone resistance. | quinolone antimicrobials are synthetic and widely used in clinical medicine. resistance emerged with clinical use and became common in some bacterial pathogens. mechanisms of resistance include two categories of mutation and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes, dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv, are commonly in a localized domain of the gyra and pare subunits of the respective enzymes and reduce drug binding to the enzy ... | 2015 | 26190223 |
| real-time pcr detection of campylobacter spp.: a comparison to classic culturing and enrichment. | the major disadvantage of the current gold standard for detection of the food pathogen campylobacter, i.e. culturing, is the lengthy procedure. in this study we assessed the use of real-time pcr for detection of campylobacter. to this end, 926 poultry samples, taken from transport containers and broiler caeca in the netherlands in 2007, were subjected to three different real-time pcr detection methods: one targeting the campylobacter jejuni hipo gene, one targeting the campylobacter coli glya ge ... | 2015 | 26187833 |
| long-lasting outbreak of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni from 2003 to 2013 in men who have sex with men, quebec, canada. | from january 2003 to december 2013, sexual transmission of 2 clades of campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni isolates resulted in a prolonged outbreak among men who have sex with men living in quebec, canada. the outbreak isolates were acquired locally and were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. | 2015 | 26187024 |
| mucosal blood group antigen expression profiles and hiv infections: a study among female sex workers in kenya. | the abo blood group antigens are carbohydrate moieties expressed on human red blood cells however; these antigens can also be expressed on some other cells particularly the surface of epithelial cells and may be found in mucosal secretions. in many human populations 80% secrete abo antigens (termed 'secretors') while 20% do not (termed 'non-secretors'). furthermore, there are disease conditions that are associated with secretor status. | 2015 | 26186209 |
| helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: a review. | since isaacson and wright first reported on the extra-nodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma of the stomach in 1983, following studies have clarified many aspects of this disease. we now know that the stomach is the most affected organ by this disease, and approximately 90% of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphomas are related to helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection. this implies that approximately 10% of gastric malt lymphomas occur independent of h. pylori infection. the ... | 2015 | 26185372 |
| enteric pathogens exploit the microbiota-generated nutritional environment of the gut. | host bacterial associations have a profound impact on health and disease. the human gastrointestinal (gi) tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria that aid in the digestion of food and vitamin production and play crucial roles in human physiology. disruption of these relationships and the structure of the bacterial communities that inhabit the gut can contribute to dysbiosis, leading to disease. this fundamental relationship between the host and microbiota relies on chemical signali ... | 2015 | 26185079 |
| effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) shed in cattle manure can survive for extended periods of time and intervention strategies to control this pathogen at the source are critical as produce crops are often grown in proximity to animal raising operations. this study evaluated whether neem (azadirachta indica), known for its antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, can be used to amend manure to control eco157. the influence of neem materials (leaf, bark, and oil) on the survival of an apple juice ... | 2015 | 26184255 |
| acylation of biomolecules in prokaryotes: a widespread strategy for the control of biological function and metabolic stress. | acylation of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and small molecules) is a process that occurs in cells of all domains of life and has emerged as a critical mechanism for the control of many aspects of cellular physiology, including chromatin maintenance, transcriptional regulation, primary metabolism, cell structure, and likely other cellular processes. although this review focuses on the use of acetyl moieties to modify a protein or small molecule, it is clear that cells can use many weak organic aci ... | 2015 | 26179745 |
| ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report. | extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt lymphoma) of the gastrointestinal tract commonly involves the stomach in the setting of concurrent helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection. primary ileal malt lymphoma is rare, and has not been associated with a specific infectious disease. we report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with constipation and abdominal distension, and signs of an obstructing mass on computed tomography ... | 2015 | 26178711 |
| structure of the external aldimine form of pgle, an aminotransferase required for n,n'-diacetylbacillosamine biosynthesis. | n,n'-diacetylbacillosamine is a novel sugar that plays a key role in bacterial glycosylation. three enzymes are required for its biosynthesis in campylobacter jejuni starting from udp-glcnac. the focus of this investigation, pgle, catalyzes the second step in the pathway. it is a plp-dependent aminotransferase that converts udp-2-acetamido-4-keto-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose to udp-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose. for this investigation, the structure of pgle in complex with an external ... | 2015 | 26178292 |
| filamentation of campylobacter in broth cultures. | the transition from rod to filamentous cell morphology has been identified as a response to stressful conditions in many bacterial species and has been ascribed to confer certain survival advantages. filamentation of campylobacter jejuni was demonstrated to occur spontaneously on entry in to stationary phase distinguishing it from many other bacteria where a reduction in size is more common. the aim of this study was to investigate the cues that give rise to filamentation of c. jejuni and c. col ... | 2015 | 26175723 |
| hypothetical protein ct398 (cdsz) interacts with σ(54) (rpon)-holoenzyme and the type iii secretion export apparatus in chlamydia trachomatis. | a significant challenge to bacteriology is the relatively large proportion of proteins that lack sufficient sequence similarity to support functional annotation (i.e. hypothetical proteins). the aim of this study was to apply protein structural homology to gain insights into a candidate protein of unknown function (ct398) within the medically important, obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis. c. trachomatis is a major human pathogen responsible for numerous infections throughout ... | 2015 | 26173998 |
| proteomic contributions to our understanding of vaccine and immune responses. | vaccines are one of the greatest public health successes; yet, due to the empirical nature of vaccine design, we have an incomplete understanding of how the genes and proteins induced by vaccines contribute to the development of both protective innate and adaptive immune responses. while the advent of genomics has enabled new vaccine development and facilitated understanding of the immune response, proteomics identifies potentially new vaccine antigens with increasing speed and sensitivity. in a ... | 2015 | 26172619 |
| effects of high hydrostatic pressure on campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat. | campylobacter jejuni inactivation by high pressure processing (hpp) in poultry meat (chicken breast) was investigated. the pressure was created by high hydrostatic pressure piston-cylinder food processor. contaminated with c. jejuni (108 cfu g-1) samples of ground poultry meat were hermetically sealed in a polyamide-polyethylene bags and exposed to hpp for 9 different combinations of pressure (200 mpa, 300 mpa and 400 mpa) and time (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). quantitative bacteriological analysi ... | 2015 | 26172174 |
| population genetics and antimicrobial susceptibility of canine campylobacter isolates collected before and after a raw feeding experiment. | in recent years, increasing numbers of consumers have become interested in feeding raw food for their pet dogs as opposed to commercial dry food, in the belief of health advantages. however, raw meat and internal organs, possibly contaminated by pathogens such as campylobacter spp., may pose a risk of transmission of zoonoses to the pet owners. campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans but c. upsaliensis has also been associated with human disease. in this ... | 2015 | 26172151 |
| biomarker detection for disease diagnosis using cost-effective microfluidic platforms. | early and timely detection of disease biomarkers can prevent the spread of infectious diseases, and drastically decrease the death rate of people suffering from different diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. because conventional diagnostic methods have limited application in low-resource settings due to the use of bulky and expensive instrumentation, simple and low-cost point-of-care diagnostic devices for timely and early biomarker diagnosis is the need of the hour, especially in ru ... | 2015 | 26171467 |
| development of multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of three pathogenic shigella species. | shigella species are among the common causes of bacterial diarrhoeal diseases. traditional detection methods are time-consuming resulting in delay in treatment and control of shigella infections thus there is a need to develop molecular methods for rapid and simultaneous detection of shigella spp. in this study a rapid multiplex pcr were developed for simultaneous detection of three pathogenic shigella species. | 2014 | 26171358 |
| effects of hangeshashinto on growth of oral microorganisms. | oral mucositis (om) in cancer patients induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy has a significant impact on quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity. oral microorganisms are likely to intensify the inflammatory process and aggravate the formation of ulcers. hangeshashinto (hst), a japanese kampo medicine, has been reported to be effective when used as a gargle for the treatment of om. to clarify the effects of hst on oral microorganisms, we assessed its antimicrobial activity against 27 ... | 2015 | 26170876 |
| a single nucleotide change in muty increases the emergence of antibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni mutants. | mutator strains play an important role in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide and is increasingly resistant to clinically important antibiotics. the objective of this study was to identify the genetic basis that contributes to a mutator phenotype in campylobacter and determine the role of this phenotype in the development of antibiotic resistance. | 2015 | 26169557 |
| the polar and lateral flagella from plesiomonas shigelloides are glycosylated with legionaminic acid. | plesiomonas shigelloides is the unique member of the enterobacteriaceae family able to produce polar flagella when grow in liquid medium and lateral flagella when grown in solid or semisolid media. in this study on p. shigelloides 302-73 strain, we found two different gene clusters, one exclusively for the lateral flagella biosynthesis and the other one containing the biosynthetic polar flagella genes with additional putative glycosylation genes. p. shigelloides is the first enterobacteriaceae w ... | 2015 | 26167161 |
| an improved multiplex real-time sybr green pcr assay for analysis of 24 target genes from 16 bacterial species in fecal dna samples from patients with foodborne illnesses. | here, we developed a new version of our original screening system (rapid foodborne bacterial screening 24; rfbs24), which can simultaneously detect 24 genes of foodborne pathogens in fecal dna samples. this new version (rfbs24 ver. 5) detected all known stx2 subtypes, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (sth genotype), and vibrio parahaemolyticus (trh2), which were not detected by the original rfbs24 assay. the detection limits of rfbs24 ver. 5 were approximately 5.6 × 10(-2)-5.6 × 10(-5) (ng dna)/ ... | 2016 | 26166499 |
| antibiotic resistance of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolated from children with diarrhea in thailand and japan. | a total of 29 campylobacter jejuni and c. coli strains were isolated from thai and japanese children with diarrhea using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. the samples were evaluated for mutations in gyra and 23s rrna in order to assess resistance against fluoroquinolones and macrolides, respectively. among the isolated strains, 9 (8 c. jejuni and 1 c. coli) were from thai children, and the other 20 (c. jejuni) were isolated from japanese children. high fluoroquinolone resistance ... | 2016 | 26166497 |
| genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae. | in an attempt to better understand the non-o1/o139 isolates of vibrio cholerae, a systematic study of clinical and environmental isolates collected from various geographical locations between the years 1932 and 1998 was conducted. | 2015 | 26164777 |
| gene loss dominates as a source of genetic variation within clonal pathogenic bacterial species. | some of the most dangerous pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and yersinia pestis evolve clonally. this means that little or no recombination occurs between strains belonging to these species. paradoxically, although different members of these species show extreme sequence similarity of orthologous genes, some show considerable intraspecies phenotypic variation, the source of which remains elusive. to examine the possible sources of phenotypic variation within clonal pathogenic bacteri ... | 2015 | 26163675 |
| from laboratory research to a clinical trial: copper alloy surfaces kill bacteria and reduce hospital-acquired infections. | this is a translational science article that discusses copper alloys as antimicrobial environmental surfaces. bacteria die when they come in contact with copper alloys in laboratory tests. components made of copper alloys were also found to be efficacious in a clinical trial. | 2015 | 26163568 |
| chicken caecal microbiome modifications induced by campylobacter jejuni colonization and by a non-antibiotic feed additive. | campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis in humans. chickens are often colonized at very high numbers by c. jejuni, up to 10(9) cfu per gram of caecal content, with no detrimental effects on their health. farm control strategies are being developed to lower the c. jejuni contamination of chicken food products in an effort to reduce human campylobacteriosis incidence. it is believed that intestinal microbiome composition may affect gut coloniz ... | 2015 | 26161743 |
| meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. | human populations worldwide are increasingly confronted with infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance spreading faster and appearing more frequently. knowledge regarding their occurrence and worldwide transmission is important to control outbreaks and prevent epidemics. here, we performed shotgun sequencing of toilet waste from 18 international airplanes arriving in copenhagen, denmark, from nine cities in three world regions. an average of 18.6 gb (14.8 to 25.7 gb) of raw illumina paire ... | 2015 | 26161690 |
| conventional and molecular methods in the diagnosis of community-acquired diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age from the north-eastern region of poland. | the purpose of this study was to determine the main causative agents of community-acquired acute diarrhoea in children using conventional methods and pcr. | 2015 | 26159845 |
| risk factors and clinical implication of superimposed campylobacter jejuni infection in patients with underlying ulcerative colitis. | superimposed campylobacter jejuni infection (cji) has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis (uc). its risk factors and impact on the disease course of uc are not known. our aims were to evaluate the risk factors for cji in uc patients and the impact of the bacterial infection on outcomes of uc. | 2015 | 26159630 |
| risk factors and clinical implication of superimposed campylobacter jejuni infection in patients with underlying ulcerative colitis. | superimposed campylobacter jejuni infection (cji) has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis (uc). its risk factors and impact on the disease course of uc are not known. our aims were to evaluate the risk factors for cji in uc patients and the impact of the bacterial infection on outcomes of uc. | 2015 | 26159630 |
| beware of the patient with thymectomy: good's syndrome in a patient presenting with diarrhea. | good's syndrome is a rare cause of immunodeficiency in adults associated with thymoma. we describe an 80-year-old female with chronic diarrhea, multiple opportunistic infections, and cytopenias. she underwent a thymectomy 5 years ago for a thymoma. laboratory tests revealed neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, complete b-cell lymphopenia, and low cd4 t cells with inverted cd4:cd8 ratio, which is consistent with good's syndrome. we recommend checking immunoglobulin levels in all patients with a h ... | 2013 | 26157815 |
| a case of visceral autonomic neuropathy complicated by guillain-barre syndrome accompanied with cyclic vomiting syndrome-like disorder in a child. | we present a case of an 8-year-old boy with visceral autonomic neuropathy complicated by guillain-barre syndrome. in this pediatric patient, gastroparesis was the major symptom among the autonomic symptoms. due to the gastroparesis, there was no progress with the oral diet, and nutrition was therefore supplied through a nasojejunal tube and gastrojejunal tube via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (peg). after tube feeding for 9 months, the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms improved and his o ... | 2015 | 26157699 |
| genomepeek-an online tool for prokaryotic genome and metagenome analysis. | as more and more prokaryotic sequencing takes place, a method to quickly and accurately analyze this data is needed. previous tools are mainly designed for metagenomic analysis and have limitations; such as long runtimes and significant false positive error rates. the online tool genomepeek (edwards.sdsu.edu/genomepeek) was developed to analyze both single genome and metagenome sequencing files, quickly and with low error rates. genomepeek uses a sequence assembly approach where reads to a set o ... | 2015 | 26157610 |
| guillain-barré syndrome. | over the past three decades much has been elucidated about the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of guillain-barré syndrome, the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. cross-reactivity between surface epitopes on the bacterium campylobacter jejuni and peripheral nerve gangliosides has been shown to induce antibody-mediated axonal-type neuropathy in some patients. understanding the molecular mechanisms that cause nerve damage in these patients has led to the development of ... | 2015 | 26154996 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolated from dressed beef carcasses and raw milk in tanzania. | campylobacter species are commonly transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated foods such as milk and meat. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic determinants of resistance of campylobacter isolated from raw milk and beef carcasses in tanzania. the antimicrobial resistance genes tested included blaoxa-61 (ampicillin), aph-3-1 (aminoglycoside), tet(o) (tetracycline), and cmeb (multi-drug efflux pump). the prevalence of campylo ... | 2016 | 26153978 |
| glycan-specific whole cell affinity chromatography: a versatile microbial adhesion platform. | we have sought a universal platform for elucidating and exploiting specificity of glycan-mediated adhesion by potentially uncharacterized microorganisms. several techniques exist to explore microbial interactions with carbohydrate structures. many are unsuitable for investigating specific mechanisms or uncharacterized organisms, requiring pure cultures, labeling techniques, expensive equipment, or other limitations such as questionable stability, stereospecificity, or scalability. we have adapte ... | 2014 | 26150959 |
| new closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for prevention of product cross-contamination. | loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay, a promising diagnostic test, has been developed for detection of different pathogens of human as well as animals. various positive points support its use as a field level test but the major problem is product cross contamination leading to false positive results. different methods were adopted by various researchers to control this false positive amplification due to cross contamination but all have their own advantages and disadvantages. a ne ... | 2014 | 26150945 |
| evaluation of the role of the opggh operon in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and its deletion during the emergence of yersinia pestis. | the opggh operon encodes glucosyltransferases that synthesize osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) from udp-glucose, using acyl carrier protein (acp) as a cofactor. opgs are required for motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in various bacteria. opgh also sequesters ftsz in order to regulate cell size according to nutrient availability. yersinia pestis (the agent of flea-borne plague) lost the opggh operon during its emergence from the enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. when ex ... | 2015 | 26150539 |
| functional characterization of the principal sigma factor rpod of phytoplasmas via an in vitro transcription assay. | phytoplasmas (class, mollicutes) are insect-transmissible and plant-pathogenic bacteria that multiply intracellularly in both plants and insects through host switching. our previous study revealed that phytoplasmal sigma factor rpod of oy-m strain (rpodoy) could be a key regulator of host switching, because the expression level of rpodoy was higher in insect hosts than in plant hosts. in this study, we developed an in vitro transcription assay system to identify rpodoy-dependent genes and the co ... | 2015 | 26150080 |
| campylobacter jejuni-related cardiomyopathy: unknown entity or yet underreported? | 2015 | 26149333 | |
| ferric uptake regulator fur control of putative iron acquisition systems in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming opportunistic pathogen and is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. although iron acquisition in the host is a key to survival of bacterial pathogens, high levels of intracellular iron can increase oxidative damage. therefore, expression of iron acquisition mechanisms is tightly controlled by transcriptional regulators. we identified a c. difficile homologue of the master bacterial iron regulator fur. u ... | 2015 | 26148711 |
| human campylobacteriosis related to the consumption of raw milk sold by vending machines in italy: quantitative risk assessment based on official controls over four years. | a quantitative risk assessment (ra) model was developed to describe the risk of campylobacteriosis linked to consumption of raw milk sold in vending machines in italy. exposure assessment was based on the official microbiological records of raw milk samples from vending machines monitored by the regional veterinary authorities from 2008 to 2011, microbial growth during storage, destruction experiments, consumption frequency of raw milk, serving size, consumption preference and age of consumers. ... | 2015 | 26142145 |
| refined analysis of the campylobacter jejuni iron-dependent/independent fur- and perr-transcriptomes. | the genome of campylobacter jejuni contains two iron activated fur-family transcriptional regulators, cjfur and cjperr, which are primarily responsible for regulating iron homeostasis and oxidative stress respectively. both transcriptional regulators have been previously implicated in regulating diverse functions beyond their primary roles in c. jejuni. to further characterize their regulatory networks, rna-seq was used to define the transcriptional profiles of c. jejuni nctc11168 wild type, δfu ... | 2015 | 26141822 |
| text4peds: feasibility of an educational text-messaging program for pediatrics residents. | there is an ongoing effort to maximize educational material provided to residents who are in a time-constrained work environment. mobile technology, principally smartphone applications and online modules, has shown educational promise. | 2014 | 26140130 |
| insights into the functional roles of n-terminal and c-terminal domains of helicobacter pylori dpra. | dna processing protein a (dpra) plays a crucial role in the process of natural transformation. this is accomplished through binding and subsequent protection of incoming foreign dna during the process of internalization. dpra along with single stranded dna binding protein a (ssba) acts as an accessory factor for reca mediated dna strand exchange. h. pylori dpra (hpdpra) is divided into an n-terminal domain and a c- terminal domain. in the present study, individual domains of hpdpra have been cha ... | 2015 | 26135134 |
| mechanistic insights into metal ion activation and operator recognition by the ferric uptake regulator. | ferric uptake regulator (fur) plays a key role in the iron homeostasis of prokaryotes, such as bacterial pathogens, but the molecular mechanisms and structural basis of fur-dna binding remain incompletely understood. here, we report high-resolution structures of magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense msr-1 fur in four different states: apo-fur, holo-fur, the fur-feoab1 operator complex and the fur-pseudomonas aeruginosa fur box complex. apo-fur is a transition metal ion-independent dimer whose binding ... | 2015 | 26134419 |
| type vi secretion system transports zn2+ to combat multiple stresses and host immunity. | type vi secretion systems (t6sss) are widespread multi-component machineries that translocate effectors into either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, for virulence or for interbacterial competition. herein, we report that the t6ss-4 from yersinia pseudotuberculosis displays an unexpected function in the transportation of zn2+ to combat diverse stresses and host immunity. environmental insults such as oxidative stress induce the expression of t6ss-4 via oxyr, the transcriptional factor that also r ... | 2015 | 26134274 |
| genetic basis and functional consequences of differential expression of the cmeabc efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni isolates. | the cmeabc multidrug efflux transporter of campylobacter jejuni plays a key role in antimicrobial resistance and is suppressed by cmer, a transcriptional regulator of the tetr family. overexpression of cmeabc has been observed in laboratory-generated mutants, but it is unknown if this phenotype occurs naturally in c. jejuni isolates and if it has any functional consequences. to answer these questions, expression of cmeabc in natural isolates obtained from broiler chickens, turkeys and humans was ... | 2015 | 26132196 |
| occurrence of isopenicillin-n-synthase homologs in bioluminescent ctenophores and implications for coelenterazine biosynthesis. | the biosynthesis of the luciferin coelenterazine has remained a mystery for decades. while not all organisms that use coelenterazine appear to make it themselves, it is thought that ctenophores are a likely producer. here we analyze the transcriptome data of 24 species of ctenophores, two of which have published genomes. the natural precursors of coelenterazine have been shown to be the amino acids l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine, with the most likely biosynthetic pathway involving cyclization an ... | 2015 | 26125183 |
| analysis of the type ii-a crispr-cas system of streptococcus agalactiae reveals distinctive features according to genetic lineages. | crispr-cas systems (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/crispr-associated proteins) are found in 90% of archaea and about 40% of bacteria. in this original system, crispr arrays comprise short, almost unique sequences called spacers that are interspersed with conserved palindromic repeats. these systems play a role in adaptive immunity and participate to fight non-self dna such as integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, and phages. in streptococcus agalactiae, a bac ... | 2015 | 26124774 |
| iscr regulates synthesis of colonization factor antigen i fimbriae in response to iron starvation in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | iron availability functions as an environmental cue for enteropathogenic bacteria, signaling arrival within the human host. as enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a major cause of human diarrhea, the effect of iron on etec virulence factors was evaluated here. etec pathogenicity is directly linked to production of fimbrial colonization factors and secretion of heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) and/or heat-stable enterotoxin (st). efficient colonization of the small intestine further requires a ... | 2015 | 26124243 |
| the clearance effect of bovine anti-helicobacter pylori antibody-containing milk in o blood group helicobacter pylori-infected patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. | the failure in standard triple therapy has recently increased to high levels in china, primarily because of insufficient patient compliance, antimicrobial resistance, and high costs. effective prevention and eradication of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) by artificial passive immunization with orally administered bovine antibodies in the milk has been demonstrated in many animal studies, but the clinical studies that are available have shown no h. pylori eradication. this study was to evaluate t ... | 2015 | 26123101 |
| secretory diarrhoea: mechanisms and emerging therapies. | diarrhoeal disease remains a major health burden worldwide. secretory diarrhoeas are caused by certain bacterial and viral infections, inflammatory processes, drugs and genetic disorders. fluid secretion across the intestinal epithelium in secretory diarrhoeas involves multiple ion and solute transporters, as well as activation of cyclic nucleotide and ca(2+) signalling pathways. in many secretory diarrhoeas, activation of cl(-) channels in the apical membrane of enterocytes, including the cysti ... | 2015 | 26122478 |