Publications

[diagnosis and treatment of acute dysentery].		1977	325896
[population variability of zonne shigella in the presence of intestinal wall cells].		1977	325333
a microbiological investigation of acute summer gastroenteritis in black south african infants.	a microbiological investigation of black infants suffering from severe acute summer gastroenteritis revealed enteropathogenic agents in 30 out of 37 patients (81%). enterotoxigenic bacteria were isolated from 15 patients (41%). a total of 16 enterotoxigenic strains were isolated, comprising 9 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains secreting labile and stable toxin on their own and in combination, and labile-toxin secreting strains of klebsiella pneumoniae (4), enterobacter cloacae (2) and prot ...	1977	325127
inhibition of small-intestinal sugar and amino acid transport by the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae i.	the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae i produces fluid and electrolyte secretion in the rabbit ileum. these present studies were designed to evaluate nonelectrolyte transport in rabbit ileal mucosa exposed to shigella enterotoxin. both 10 mm galactose and 5 mm l-alanine absorptions were significantly impaired in enterotoxin-exposed ileal mucosa compared with control mucosa. l-alanine influx was not imparied in two other secretory processes: that induced by cholera enterotoxin and hyperosmolari ...	1977	324910
antibody levels to enteric bacteria in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	in order to determine the immunologic status and possible susceptibility to bacterial infection in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra), titer of hemagglutingating antibodies to e coli 055, e coli 086, common antigen, and shigella polyvalent antigen were measured. immunoglobulin g was the predominant antibody. iga antibodies were found in higher titer in children with jra. no significant differences were found between children with jra do not have any deficit in antibody production ...	1977	324480
[experimental study of bacteremia and its role in the pathogenesis of dysentery].	in experiments on white mice pathophysiological, bacteriological, histological and immunofluorescent methods of investigation were used; it was shown that sonne dysentery bacteria were capable during a short period of time to penetrate into the blood from the lumen of the stomach and the small intestine and moreover to deposit in the cells of the mucosa of the said organs. into the large intestine the pathogen penetrates from the above situated departments of the intestine, which was most often ...	1977	324444
characterization of an r-plasmid associated with ampicillin resistance in shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated from epidemics.	ampicillin-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated in epidemics in mexico, central america, and bangla desh were examined for the presence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) by gel electrophoresis. all strains contained a heterogeneous population of plasmids. transfer experiments to escherichia coli k-12 indicated that the ampicillin resistance determinant (ap(r)) was located on a 5.5-megadalton (mdal) plasmid identical in all shiga strains examined, as judged by dna hybrid ...	1977	324394
[functioning of the kspa-gene in f'-merodiploids of flexner shigellae].		1977	324195
[use of a lyophilized erythrocyte preparation for detecting sonne shigellae in patients with intestinal infections].		1977	324189
[reactogenicity and immunologic activity of live enteric sonne dysentery vaccine from a spontaneous mutant].	live dysentery sonne vaccine from a spontaneous mutant proved to be practically areactogenic and specifically harmless in oral immunization of children aged from 7 to 13 years, in doses of from 3 to 25 milliard live microbial cells and in single and triple immunization schemes. weak reactions of the gastro-intestinal tract were noted with the same frequency (1.7%) in children immunized with the vaccine and in children given placebo (2.2%). there proved to be a significant increase in the serum o ...	1977	324177
[concentration of 19s and 7s antibodies in the blood of patients with different clinical manifestations of sonne dysentery].		1977	324128
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared to ampicillin in the treatment of shigellosis.	twenty hospitalized children between 1 and 11 years of age were enrolled in a comparative randomized evaluation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tm-sm) and ampicillin for the treatment of shigellosis. each drug was provided for five days. the group treated with ampicillin had significantly more stools per day (mean 21.25) compared to the tm-sm group (8.64). treatment with tm-sm appeared to be associated with a more rapid reversion of stool cultures to normal, but these differences compared to a ...	1977	323811
phagocytosis stimulation by an extracellular product of virulent shigella flexneri 2a.		1977	323646
clinical and laboratory assessment of the pathogenicity of serotyped enteropathogenic escherichia coli.	only one of 167 separate isolates of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (eec) was shown to produce enterotoxin, and none of the 167 isolates were invasive. clinical features of 123 hospitalized children with eec were compared with those of 917 infants with nonbacterial gastroenteritis and 145 infants infected with shigella. the average duration of diarrhea (five or more stools per day) in hospitalized children with eec, nonbacterial gastroenteritis, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei was 4.6, ...	1977	323379
the pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. vi. toxin and antitoxin in shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei infections in humans.	two strains of shigella flexneri and one of shigella sonnei were studied for toxin production in vitro. all of the three strains produced a cell-free cytotoxin that showed marked similarity to that produced by shigella dysenteriae 1. each toxin eluted in two distinct peaks on chromatography with sephadex g-150, was destroyed by heating at 90 c for 30 min, and was neutralized by s. dysenteriae 1 antitoxin. patients with infections due to s. flexneri and s. sonnei developed antibody that neutraliz ...	1977	323376
biological properties of shigella flexneri 2a toxin and its serological relationship to shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin.	a toxin extracted from heat-inactivated, alkaline-treated shigella flexneri 2a showed biological properties similar to those of shigella dysenteria 1 toxin. the s, flexneri 2a toxin was lethal to mice, enterotoxic for ileal loops of rabbits, and cytotoxic for hela cells. a serological relationship between s. flexneri 2a and s. dysenteriae 1 toxin was shown with cross neutralization tests.	1977	323142
[effectiveness of milk pasteurization].		1977	323105
protection by hypoxia and the effect of low oxygen tensions on radiosensitivity.		1977	323029
[genetics and biochemistry of the bacterial ribosome].		1977	322729
[chemically defined and partially defined media for pasteurella multocida and pateurella hemolytica].	two culturing recipes were suggested for pasteurella multocida and pasteurella haemolytica, one partialy defined nutritive defined nutritive medium with 0.5 per cent yeast extract and one chemically defined medium. both had been composed on the basis of studies into nutrient demand and into the effects of complex nutritive substrates. both nutritive media are applicable also to culturing other bacterial species. (among the strains tested so far were streptococci, staphylococci, escherichia coli, ...	1977	322633
bacterial toxins as virulence factors: shiga bacillus dysentery viewed as a toxinosis.		1977	321946
conservation of transfer ribonucleic acid and 5s ribonucleic acid cistrons in enterobacteriaceae.	the genes for tranfer ribonucleic acid (tdna) and 5s ribonucleic acid (5sdna) were isolated from the total deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of escherichia coli. the relatedness of tdna and 5s from e. coli and other species of enterobacteriaceae was determined by reassociation of the isolated genes labeled with 32po4 to unlabeled, unfractionated dna. double-stranded dna was separated from unreacted dna by hydroxyapatite chromatography. thermal elution profiles were done to determine the amount of unpa ...	1977	321428
interaction between rifampicin and trimethoprim in vitro and in experimental infections.		1977	321415
recent advances in acute gastroenteritis.		1977	321112
interaction of blood with enterobacteriaceae: hemolysis, hemagglutination, fibrinolysis.	one thousand eighty enterobacteriaceae, isolated during a period of three months, were tested for the presence of hemolysis, hemagglutination and fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. the fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. the escherichia coli have the greatest diversity of action on the blood. of 481 strains, 32.9% were hemolytic, 21.9% fibrinolytic, and 10.5% hemagglutinating. of 190 strains of klebsiella, 95.2% were fibrinolytic. of 53 strains of enterobacter, 90.6% were ...	1977	320861
[test of the safety, reactogeneity and immunogeneity of live flexner 2a and sonne dysentery vaccine from spontaneous mutants, prepared in dragee form, in a controlled experiment on adults].	controlled experiment was conducted on 428 adult persons. a study was made of the reaktogenic properties and the immunological activity of live enteral dysentery vaccine flexner 2a and sonne from the spontaneous mutants developed at the n.f. gamaleya institute of epidemiology and microbiology. the vaccine is prepared in the form of sugar-coated pills covered with an acid-fast substance protecting from the gastric juice action. a single administration of the vaccine in a dose of up to 4 pills (6 ...	1977	320801
[formation of the dysentery epidemic process in three small towns].	data are presented concerning the epidemiological analysis of sonnei dysentery outbreaks in three towns connected by common nutrition and water supply. the epidemic processes in these populated localites were strongly interrelated. possibilities of the effect of the water factor on the extent of sonnei dysentery incidence were studied as well. the results of studies led to the conclusion on the presence of numerous action forms of the water factor which should be taken into consideration in carr ...	1977	320797
reiter's syndrome following shigella flexneri 2a: a sequel to traveler's diarrhea. report of a case with hepatitis.	shigella flexneri 2a was isolated from a patient with reiter's syndrome (rs) following a family outbreak of traveler's diarrhea. among 3 members at risk, only the patient was positive for hla-b27. data from 3 similar families support the hypothesis that susceptibility to rs is genetically transmitted. it is urged that every effort be made to culture and subtype shigella and other enteric pathogens in rs following diarrhea. concurrently, the patient had hepatitis, interpreted as a parallel enteri ...	1977	319805
comparison of methods for the isolation of salmonella from imported frog legs.	four methods of sample preparation were compared for their relative efficiency in recovering salmonella from imported frog legs. no significant difference (p greater than 0.10) was observed in the efficiency of submersion, blending, and stomaching methods, but rinsing recovered significantly fewer (p less than 0.01) salmonella-positive frog legs than the other three methods. no significant difference (p less than 0.25) was observed in the number of positive frog legs recovered by selenite cystin ...	1977	319756
[traveler's diarrhea].		1977	319371
bacteriophage typing of shigella sonnei.	a bacteriophage-typing schema was developed for differentiating strains of shigella sonnei. sixty-seven bacteriophages were obtained from other collections, and 36 bacteriophages were isolated from sewage. from these 103 bacteriophages, a provisional set of 12 was chosen by computer analysis as being the most sensitive in differentiating strains of s. sonnei isolated in the united states. the provisional schema was used to type 265 strains from different geographical areas. it divided them into ...	1977	319112
enhanced t-cell rosette formation in shigellosis by the in vitro use of thymopoietin.	the results from this study suggest that the large nul cell lymphocyte population seen in patients with shigella dysentery, does contain a sub-population of cells that will respond in vitro to thymopoietin, a bovine thymic extract, by increased e-rosette formation. it is felt that this sub-population is in fact immature t-cells. a previous study has shown that an unusual leukaemoid reaction develops in a substantial number of patients with shigella dysentery. the leukaemoid response was primaril ...	1979	317187
comparative inhibition beta-lactamases by novel beta-lactam compounds.	the beta-lactamase-inhibiting activity of cp-45,899, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo(3,2,0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 4,4-dioxide [2s-(2alpha,5alpha)], was investigated and compared with the beta-lactamase-inhibiting activity of clavulanic acid and dicloxacillin. cp-45,899 was an effective inhibitor of staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase and of those beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria which are primarily active against penicillins or equally active against penicillins and cephalosp ...	1979	311616
clavulanic acid, a novel inhibitor of beta-lactamases.	clavulanic acid, z-(2r,5r)-3-(beta-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo-[3,2,0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid, has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the beta-lactamases of the richmond types ii, iii, iv, and v. inhibition is a time-dependent reaction and is irreversible. clavulanic acid had poor antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimal inhibitory levels greater than 25 mug/ml. it did inhibit the majority of nei ...	1978	310279
bactericidal factor produced by haemophilus influenzae b: partial purification of the factor and transfer of its genetic determinant.	when aerobically grown on complex media, haemophilus influenzae b and unencapsulated variants, rb strains, produced a bactericidal factor that was active against other haemophilus species and certain genera of the enterobacteriaceae. a total of 341 clinical isolates of haemophilus were tested for susceptibility to the factor. ninety-three percent of h. influenzae (nontypable), 75% of h. haemolyticus, 71% of h. parainfluenzae, and 22% of h. parahaemolyticus were susceptible. h. influenaze b strai ...	1977	301008
juvenile reiter's syndrome.	a case of reiter's syndrome occurring in an 11-year-old, pre-pubertal boy is described. the boy was a heterozygote for the histocompatibility antigen b27 and other arthritic members of his family included his mother with colitic arthritis and an aunt with ankylosing spondylitis. his hla-b27 negative sibs have remained well. shigella salmonella and yersinia organisms have been previously incriminated as precipitating factors in some patients with reiter's syndrome but no evidence of recent infect ...	1979	287465
recent trends in salmonella and shigella in new york city and at kings county hospital.		1979	283866
[evolution of the repartition of enteropathogenic enterobacteria serotypes isolated in algeria from 1974 to 1977].	the authors survey the enteropathogenic enterobacteria studied from 1974 to 1977 and draw the following conclusions : s. typhi is still the predominant serotype. among salmonella, other than s. typhi and s. paratyphi, s. wien remains the most frequently reported serotype while progressively decreasing from 1974 to 1976 and is supplanted by s. infantis in 1977. among the 847 strains of shigella examined, a high frequency of shigella flexneri is noted with shigella sonnei following by a wide margi ...	1978	262974
[amoxicillin in the treatment of children with shigellosis].		1979	261622
comparative activities of ampicillin, epicillin and amoxycillin in vitro and in vivo.	the antibacterial activities of three aminopenicillins ampicillin, epicillin and amoxycillin were compared in vitro and in vivo. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the three penicillins were very similar and the compounds were active against non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella species, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae. streptococci including streptococcus faecalis, and non-beta-lactamase-producing staphy ...	1979	256524
variable resistance of shigellae to ampicillin within a single community.		1979	253865
cefuroxime, a beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of gram-positive and -negative activity.	the in vitro activity of cefuroxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated against 604 isolates and compared with the activity of other beta-lactam compounds. cefuroxime had activity comparable to that of other cephalosporins, including cefamandole and cefoxitin, against streptococcal and staphylococcal species; most streptococci were inhibited by 0.1 mug or less per ml, and staphylococci were inhibited by 1.6 mug or less per ml. enterococci were relatively resistant. cefuroxime inhibited ...	1978	248268
[synthetic medium for testing of susceptibility. ii. susceptibility of bacteria to sulphonamides (author's transl)].	a comparative study of 9 media for testing the susceptibility of bacteria to 7 sulphonamides has been carried out. the evaluated culture-media included 4 "mueller hinton" media (mh), 4 others based on the formula of the "diagnostic sensitivity test" agar base (d.s.t.) and a "synthetic medium" (sm) which has been developed in our laboratory. mh and d.s.t. culture-media have been supplied by 4 manufacturing companies in europe and usa. a total number of 21 bacterial cultures have been employed. th ...	1975	241178
[on sensitivity test of dibekacin by the disc method (author's transl)].		1975	240956
1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives ii. n-substituted nitrones.		1975	239726
professor feliks przesmycki.		1975	239587
[development of new types of chemical vaccine for prevention of intestinal infections and problems of their qualitative evaluation. iii. comparative study of immunologic characteristics of experimental antigenic preparations].	as a result of comparative study of the immunological properties and antigenic activity of thyphoid, paratyphoid a and b and sonne and flexner dysentery antigenic preparations obtained by various methods there was revealed a decreased toxicity of the experimental preparations of the tashkent and leningrad institute of vaccines and sera (in comparison with the tryptic antigens) and a considerable advantages of the experimental thyphoid and paratyphoid antigenic preparations by their capacity to i ...	1975	239506
antimicrobial properties of mannopeptins.	mannopeptins show in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. the antimicrobial activity is unaffected by the addition of serum, and potentiated by alkaline ph or decrease in inoculum size. the antibiotics exert bectericidal effect at doses twice as high as the minimum inhibitory concentration. when the antibiotics were injected into mice through either intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous routes, the antimicrobial activity appear ...	1975	238926
[the effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the tryptophanases of five species of enterobacteriaceae].	escherichia coli b and e. aurescens, shigella alkalescens, and proteus vulgaris et p. morganii tryptophanases (tpases) were studied for the spectral forms of the enzyme. the ph effect on the absorption spectrum and on the enzyme specific activity revealed that the coli group tpases are identical with but differ from proteus tpases which differ themselves. the coli group tpases attach 4 mol of pyridoxal phosphate (plp)/mol of enzyme, independently of the ph in the presence of k(plus) ions, and 9 ...	1975	238730
inhibition of pathogenic enteric bacteria by hyperbaric oxygen: enhanced antibacterial activity in the absence of carbon dioxide.	the antibacterial effects of 24-h exposures to high-pressure oxygen in relation to environmental co(2) were studied at 3 atm absolute (ata) and at 1 ata. eight gram-negative, aerobic and facultatively aerobic, pathogenic enteric bacteria (salmonella typhosa, salmonella paratyphi, salmonella schottmuelleri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli) were exposed as shallow-broth cultures and agar surface cultures. although broths suppl ...	1975	238466
standardisation of the nitroblue-tetrazolium test.	optimal conditions for the nbt-reduction test have been sought. increasing heparin concentrations up to 100 units per ml and a delay in performance of the test, especially when blood specimens are kept at room temperature, resulted in higher values for the nbt index, which then sometimes exceeded the upper limit of normal in healthy people and in uninfected patients. the effect of ph, composition of the buffer, and dye concentration was also investigated. phosphate-buffered saline ph 7-2 contain ...	1975	238038
the pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. v. relationship of shiga enterotoxin, neurotoxin, and cytotoxin.	the biological activity of the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 was compared with that of a well-studied 20-year-old partially purified preparation of neurotoxin from the same organism. enterotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cytotoxicity were present to an equivalent extent in both preparations. human convalescent antisera and experimental rabbit antisera had equal toxin-neutralizing antibody to the cytotoxic activity in these toxin preparations. multiple protein bands were present in each toxi ...	1975	236346
natural antibodies in healthy adults.	the serum of 100 adults living in budapest was examined for isohaemagglutinin titre with haemaglutination, for staphylococcal-antitoxin titre with haemolysis inhibition and for bacterial antibody titre against 17 different groups of bacteria with passive haemagglutination. antibody levels in males, except for certain bacterial antibodies, were somewhat lower than in females. the antibody titres, especially in men, decreased gradually from 20 to 50 years of age and were usually lower in rh negati ...	1975	235827
1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives. i.		1975	235267
[effect of furazolidone on the cyclic nucleotide level in the blood plasma in acute dysentery].		1979	229573
etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in israel: role of human reoviruslike agent and bacterial pathogens.	a study of acute gastroenteritis in children was carried out with the aim of establishing the prevalence of human reoviruslike agent (hrla) and its relation to other enteric pathogens in israel. the stools of 384 children with acute diarrhea referred to a pediatric emergency service were screened for hrla by counterimmunoelectroosmorphoresis (cieop) and for pathogenic bacteria. evidence of hrla infection was found in 65 patients (17%). the highest infection rate prevailed during the cool season ...	1979	229084
[acute infectious gastroenteritis. etiology and its correlation with clinical manifestations and fecal mucus].	343 children with acute diarrhea were studied from january 1976 to september 1977. rotavirus was the agent most frequently isolated (18 per cent) followed by shigella (12 per cent) and salmonella (10 per cent). enterotoxigenic e. coli was identified in 8 per cent and invasive e. coli only in two cases. 80 per cent of isolated rotavirus fell in the neonate group and 25 per cent in the infant group. diarrhea caused by rotavirus had a short duration, fever was negligible and abundant liquid stools ...	1979	227338
human rotavirus in an adult population with travelers' diarrhea and its relationship to the location of food consumption.	the role of human rotavirus in adult diarrhea was evaluated in 164 newly arrived us students attending summer school at an urban mexican university. rotavirus was identified in stool samples by electron microscopy. rotavirus was found in 26 of 109 students with diarrhea (24%) and in 8 of 55 asymptomatic control students (15%). although bacterial pathogens were recovered from virus positive students with diarrhea, viral shedding also occurred independently of other agents. clinical disease in stu ...	1979	226656
oral rehydration and maintenance of children with rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoeas.	the outcome of administering ort (oral rehydration therapy) to 62 infants admitted to a costa rican hospital with acute rotavirus or bacterial diarrheas and with 5-10% dehydration was described. 94% of the infants were successfully treated by administering only ort. there were no significant differences in the success rates for rotavirus diarrhea patients and for various bacterial diarrhea patients. success rates were 92% for rotavirus patients, 93% for escherichia coli patients, 96% for idio ...	1979	225048
shigella infection of henle intestinal epithelial cells: role of the host cell.	the process of henle 407 embryonic intestinal epithelial cell infection by shigella flexneri 2a m42-43 was studied in an in vitro model system. the role of the henle cell was assessed. it was established that entry of s. flexneri into cells was suppressed by reagents which inhibit uptake of particles by phagocytic cells. the compounds tested included cytochalasin b, dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, choleragen (vibrio cholera enterotoxin), iodoacetate, and dinitrophenol. cytochalasin b i ...	1979	223988
etiology of infantile enteritis in south africa.	infantile enteritis constitutes a major health problem in developing countries. several investigations into the etiology of this condition among various south african populations have been undertaken during the past few years. recent studies of black urban infants have revealed that salmonellae, shigellae, enterotoxigenic enterobacteriaceae, and rotaviruses play a relatively minor role in infantile enteritis. on the other hand, all studies, including a number performed several years ago, have de ...	1979	221438
travelers' diarrhea among u.s. army troops in south korea.	a prospective study of diarrhea was conducted among 98 u.s. army soldiers during their first six weeks in south korea. diarrhea developed in 54 (55%) of 98 soldiers and had a mean duration of five days. infections with salmonella, shigella, vibrio, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enteroviruses, and intestinal parasites were uncommon. four (8%) of 50 soldiers with documented diarrhea, two (6%) or 32 with a history of diarrhea, and one (3%) of 29 who denied gastrointestinal symptoms had serologi ...	1979	220334
enteropathogenic organisms. new etiologic agents and concepts of disease.		1978	215856
prospective study of enteropathogens in children with diarrhea in houston and mexico.	during a 22-month period, 595 children with diarrhea and 210 age-matched controls attending clinics in houston (367 children) and mexico (438) were prospectively evaluated for enteric pathogens. enteropathogens associated with disease were shigella (18%), rotavirus (14%), salmonella (9%), toxigenic escherichia coli (6%), and others (12%), including 14 proteus isolates that caused rounding of adrenal cells. enteropathogens were isolated from a greater (p less than 0.001) number of children with d ...	1978	211215
enhanced chemotactic and phagocytic activities of leukocytes in psoriasis vulgaris.	leukocytes derived from the peripheral blood of psoriatic patients demonstrated an enhanced chemotactic response compared with leukocytes from healthy subjects. no significant difference was detected between the chemotactic response of leukocytes from patients with minimal or no skin involvement and those from patients with extensive lesions. psoriatic leukocytes also had a significantly higher capacity to engulf 125i labeled shigella flexneri than control leukocytes. it is postulated that a dec ...	1978	211169
travelers' diarrhea among united states marines in south korea.	a battalion of united states marines traveling to south korea in the spring of 1976 was studied to determine the incidence and etiology of gastroenteritis. during the three weeks they visited south korea, 21% of 694 marines developed diarrhea. stool and serum specimens collected before, during, and after their stay were examined for evidence of infection with salmonella, shigella, and vibrio species, enterotoxigenic and invasive escherichia coli, reovirus-like agent (rvla), and intestinal ova an ...	1978	210660
new and old agents in diarrhea: a prospective study of an indigenous adult african population.	we conducted a prospective study 77 indigenous african adults with acute diarrhea seeking care at the major hospital in nairobi, kenya, to determine the major pathogens responsible for this syndrome in adults. fecal and blood specimens were collected and examined for enteric bacterial pathogens, viruses, and parasites. in 13 (26%) inpatients and 11 (49%) outpatients shigella was found, and heat-labile and heat-stable forms of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were found in 9 (18%) inpatients and ...	1978	209697
[rotavirus in children with severe malnutrition].	the study comprised 19 children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition admitted to hospital nacional de niños. with one exception, all of the patients complained of diarrhea at the examination. samples of stools were collected for bacteriologic, parasitologic and virologic studies. rotavirus was shown in 4 cases and adenovirus in another 4. enteropathogenic escherichia coli, shigella and salmonella were isolated in 9 different children. it was possible to demonstrate at least one potentially p ...	1977	199211
venereal transmission of enteric pathogens in male homosexuals. two case reports.	in two cases there was simultaneous or sequential occurrence of amebiasis, shigellosis, and giardiasis in male homosexuals. enteric pathogens may, under the proper conditions, be venereally transmitted. in particular, the sexual practices of male homosexuals, most significantly, oral-anal contact, appear to provide the necesseary link for transmission. evidence suggests that this is a growing problem.	1977	197277
amebiasis. an increasing problem among homosexuals in new york city.	during a five-year period at the new york hospital, entamoeba histolytica was identified in the stools of 20 men who had not traveled outside the new york area. all of the patients were found subsequently to homosexual. during this same period amebiasis was diagnosed in 30 men who had traveled; only two were homosexual. of ten patients with e histolytica infection seen during the first year of this study, none were homosexual whereas eight of 11 patients in the fifth year were homosexual, sugges ...	1977	197276
[early stages of the infectious process].		1977	194438
isolation of enteric pathogens from asymptomatic students from the united states and latin america.		1977	193996
the influence of bacillary dysentery on the efficiency of oral poliovaccine in egypt.	the rate of poliovirus excretion was found to be 64.6% in a group of 108 normal children and 11.95% in 184 diarrheal children. diarrhea was due to shigella in 70% of cases. this drew our attention to the presence of an etiologic relationship between the two findings, which may have a direct effect on the low efficiency of oral poliovaccine in our country. effect of shigella infection on the take of oral poliovaccine was investigated in 14 normal and 10 children having acute diarrhea due to shige ...	1976	192625
symposium on diarrhea. 3. investigation of chronic diarrhea.	the practical approach to the investigation of diarrhea must be logical and based on anatomic considerations. the site of the underlying disorder may be determined by the clinical picture, and the logic of investigation will be influenced by the history. important specific investigation in a case of colonic diarrhea include a careful rectal examination, stool inspection, sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy and barium enema study. colonoscopy has been used, but its role has yet to be defined. in a case ...	1977	191173
microbial agents of the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus).	a survey of the microbial flora in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) has led to the isolation of numerous bacterial, fungal, and viral agents. some of the bacterial and fungal agents, particularly dermatophilus, pasteurella, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, streptococcus, staphylococcus, and candida are known pathogens. viruses belonging to the herpesvirus, adenovirus, paramyxovirus, and papovavirus groups have been isolated from the owl monkey. most of these viruses were recovered as latent age ...	1976	190470
cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid during thermoregulation and fever.	1. samples of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) have been taken from the cisterna magna of unanaesthetized cats, whilst rectal temperature was recorded, during exposure of the animals to various ambient temperatures and during fever induced by pyrogen. the concentration of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp) in samples of c.s.f. has been assayed. 2. cats exposed to low ambient temperatures (-2 to +2 degrees c) for 3 h maintained body temperature by both behavioural and autonomic heat gain act ...	1976	190383
intestinal secretion.		1977	190182
the ocular anti-inflammatory action of imidazole.	imidazole administered intraperitoneally to albino rabbits at a dose of 250 mg. per kilogram inhibited the rise of aqueous humor protein concentration by approximately 50 per cent 30 minutes after paracentesis. systemic imidazole administered daily to albino rabbits injected with intravitreal shigella endotoxin decreased the conjunctival and iris hyperemia and reduced the anterior chamber cell and flare and the haziness of the optical media. systemically administered imidazole had no effect on t ...	1977	188777
comparative susceptibility of latin american and united states students to enteric pathogens.		1976	186708
the humoral immunity status of measles patients.		1975	180748
laboratory investigation of diarrhea in travelers to mexico: evaluation of methods for detecting enterotoxigenic echerichia coli.	a laboratory investigation was conducted on cultures collected from travelers before, during, and after a trip to mexico to characterize the etiology of traveler's diarrhea. four laboratory methods for detecting enterotoxigenicity of escherichia coli were evaluated: the infant mouse assay, the chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell assay, the y1 adrenal cell assay, and the rabbit ileal loop. although a number of common enteric pathogens were identified as a cause of traveler's diarrhea, including six ...	1976	180047
[health aspects of the study of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a natural factor in the self-purification of reservoirs].		1975	179245
activation of intestinal mucosal adenylate cyclase by shigella dysenteriae i enterotoxin.	because the mechanism whereby shigella dysenteriae i enterotoxin induces intestinal secretion is unclear, the effect of this toxin on adenylate cyclase activity in rabbit ileal mucosa was studied under various in vitro and in vivo conditions. activation of adenylate cyclase by shigella enterotoxin was observed only when substrate (atp) concentrations above the km of adenylate cyclase were employed. these concentrations of atp are greater than those required to demonstrate activation of adenylate ...	1976	178569
motion of spin-labeled fatty acids in murine macrophages. relation to cellular phagocytic activity.	macrophage membrane fluidity was investigated with respect to cellular phagocytic activity through the use of fatty acid spin labels. spin-labeled fatty acid derivatives were incorporated into intact mouse peritoneal macrophages by exchange from bovine serum albumin. the electron spin resonance (esr) spectra of the spin-labeled fatty acids in the macrophages showed a pronounced temperature dependence and a decrease in the hyperfine splittings (2 t11) of the spectra as the nitroxide radical was m ...	1976	178365
pregnancy interrupting effects of some bacterial toxins.	embryotoxic properties of shigella dysenteriae and clostridium perfringens toxins, of e. coli endotoxin, v. cholerase and e. coli enterotoxins were compared in mice. e. coli endotoxin has embryotoxic effects at all stages of pregnancy. e. coli enterotoxin v. cholerae enterotoxin and shigella dysenteriae toxin are most effective mainly at earlier stages of pregnancy. clostridium perfringens toxin has no embryotoxic effect.	1976	178014
orphan airlift. enteric pathogens isolated from vietnamese children immigrating to the united states.	isolation studies for bacterial and parasitic agents were carried out on stool specimens from vietnamese infants at the time of their mass airlift to the united states. one or more bacterial pathogens were found in 49% of the 367 stool specimens cultured. the isolates included enteropathogenic escherichia coli (161), shigella (16), salmonella (15), but no salmonella typhi or vibrio cholerae. parasites identified in 88 stool specimens included giardia lamblia (10), ascaris lumbricoides (7), and e ...	1976	176481
studies on the energetic metabolism of shigella flexneri x escherichia coli hybrids devoid of penetration ability. iii. catalase and phosphatase activity.	the catalase and phosphatase activity of avirulent by keratoconjunctival test of guinea pigs lac+, kcp- hybrids that have lost their ability of penetrating in the epithelium, received from virulent strains shigella flexneri (sh. flexneri 222 5a and sh. flexneri m42-43) and donor strains escherichia coli (e. coli k-12, p4x and e. coli h) was investigated. it was established that there is no any dependence between the lost of virulence of the hybrids and the level of the catalase activity. during ...	1975	175614
[some physicochemical properties of the dysenteric therapeutic--prophylactic newcastle phages h-17 and h-18 (author's transl)].	some physico-chemical properties of dysentery therapeutic-prophylactic newcastle-phages h-17 and h-18 were studied. both phages were shown to be resistant to sodium dodecyl sulphate at room temperature. phage h-17 at room temperature was completely inactivated and phage h-18 inactivated by 40% by 1 m sodium hydrochloride. phage h-18 was completely inactivated by 4 m sodium hydrochloride. morphology and sizes of the phages are described. the buoyant density of phage h-17 was found to be 1.497 g/c ...	1975	174322
structural studies on d-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri serotype 6.		1976	173550
histopathological effect of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rabbit ileum.	highly purified enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens was found to have histopathological activity in the rabbit ileum. unlike the action of cholera, escherichia coli, and shigella enterotoxins, epithelium was denuded from the tips of ileal villi at concentrations of the enterotoxin necessary to induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit. whether or not this observed histopathology is essential for the diarrheal syndrome associated with clostridium perfringens food poisoning remains unclear.	1975	172454
effect of shigella enterotoxin on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum.	shigella dysenteriae i is one of several bacteria which produces an enterotoxin capable of stimulating intestinal water and electrolyte secretion. unlike cholera and escherichia coli enterotoxins which have been shown to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the small intestine, the mechanism by which shigella enterotoxin causes intestinal secretion is not known. to study shigella enterotoxin-stimulated intestinal secretion, rabbit ileal mucosa exposed in vivo to shigel ...	1975	172398
recent developments in immunization against diarrheal diseases.		1975	169592
effect of klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin on intestinal transport in the rat.	the effects on intestinal transport of either a semipurified preparation of enterotoxin elaborated by klebsiella pneumoniae or similaryly prepared control material were tested by marker perfusion studies in the small intestine of rats. at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the enterotoxin produced net secretion of water, na, and cl in both jejunal and ileal segments; hco3 transport was not affected. net secretion was evident within 30 min after intorduction of the toxin and was maximal after 90 min. th ...	1975	169297
cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid during fever and antipyresis.		1975	166164
the structure of the chemical repeating-unit of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii 6 lipopolysaccharide.		1975	165891
travelers' diarrhea and toxigenic escherichia coli.	in a group of 133 united states students studied for 18 days after arriving in mexico, diarrhea developed in 38 (29 per cent). diarrhea rarely began before the fourth day, and the mean onset was 13 days after arrival. symptoms lasted an average of 3.4 days but persisted in 21 per cent of sick students. heat-labile enterotoxin-producing escheria coli was found in the stools of 72 per cent of sick and 15 per cent of healthy students. none had heat-labile esch. coli when they entered mexico. the in ...	1975	163964
inactivation of viruses and bacteria by ozone, with and without sonication.	selected organisms with public health significance were placed in a reaction chamber for treatment by ozonation, by ozonation and sonication, by sonication, or by sonication during oxygenation. vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, gdvii virus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella typhimurium, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and shigella flexneri were inactivated by treatment with ozone. when microorganisms were suspended in phosphate-b ...	1975	163616
classification of enterotoxins on the basis of activity in cell culture.	two cell culture systems were used in a study of the biological properties of several bacterial enterotoxins in vitro. by means of one model, in which hela cell monolayers were used, cytotoxic effects, interms of detachment of cells from a glass surface due to cell death, were assayed. by means of the second model, activation of the adenyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (amp) system, in terms of increased steroidogenesis by y-1 adrenal cells (an effect which we have termed cytoton ...	1975	162926
[analysis of sonne dysentery in leningrad performed taking into account the intratypic differentiation of the causative agent according to 1973-1975 data].		1978	161087
[analysis of sonne dysentery in leningrad performed taking into account the results of the enzymatic typing of the causative agents according to 1973-1975 data].		1978	161086