Publications

phenotypic correction of nonsense mutation carrying non-converting pe5 phages in shigella flexneri with suppressor gene.	(i) phenotypic suppression by aminoglycoside antibiotics of a polyauxotrophic shigella flexneri var. y strain on partially completed minimal medium has shown that its thr dependence is associated with nonsense mutation. induced thr+ revertants selected from the culture yielded clones correcting the lytic cycle of nonsense t4 mutant phages. transfer of r1am plasmid to these clones carrying a nonsense mutation of ampicillin resistance was performed. in this manner a s. flexneri var. y derivative w ...	1977	341654
[experimental study, using a pulmonary model, of the pathogenic properties of genetically related strains of sh. flexneri, differing in their ability to cause keratoconjunctivitis].	complex microbiological and morphological study of the genetically connected sh. flexneri strains, avirulent by keratoconjunctival test showed that the greatest extent of the virulent loss was revealed in shigellae with mutation in the area glpk-gene: they lost the capacity to penetrate into the cells of the bronchial epithelium, to resist local leukocytic reaction and to produce an injurious action on the pulmonary vessels. shigellae with the replaced kcpa- gene area mostly lost the capacity to ...	1977	341614
[duration of bacterial discharge in sonne dysentery].	the authors report on the results of their observations during 3 epidemic outbreaks. despite different intervals at which the bacteriological examinations were carried out comparable data were obtained: during 2 outbreaks when no chemotherapeutic agents were used in 78.0 and 79.9% of children shigella discharge ceased in 4 weeks. daily bacteriological examinations carried out in the course of the 3rd outbreak showed the maximal intermittent bacterial discharge for up to 79 days in individual cas ...	1977	341613
on the metabolic characteristics of shigella flexneri x escherichia coli, devoid of ability for intracellular multiplication in epithelial cells. iii. oxygen uptake and dehydrogenase activity.	the oxygen uptake and dehydrogenase activity of avirulent xyl+ and xyl- str hybrids (kcp-), obtained from virulent strains sh. flexneri (sh. flexneri 222 5 a and sh. flexneri m42-432a) and donor strain e. coli ab 313, devoid of ability for intracellular multiplication in epithelial cells are studied. some tricarboxylic acid intermediates, hexoses and pentoses were used as substrates. a definite tendency has been established, indicating a decreased rate of oxygen consumption and dehydrogenase act ...	1977	341601
[postmortem immunofluorescence study of different parts of the intestines and their morphological changes].		1977	341528
[histamine metabolism in acute dysentery and nonspecific ulcerative colitis].		1977	341350
an overview of recent experiences with plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance or induced virulence in bacterial diseases.		1977	340443
qualitative study of paradoxical zone phenomenon of penicillins against 17 bacterial species of clinical importance.	using a triple agar layer technique and enzymatic inactivation of penicillin, the occurrence of a paradoxical zone phenomenon (illustrated by a typical 'target' image around the reservoir of antibiotic) was determined for several bacterial species specially chosen with regards to their taxonomic position, clinical importance and penicillin susceptibility. among gram-positive bacteria, a paradoxical zone was obtained for approximately 43% of the strains studied here (all 10 strains of staphylococ ...	1978	340171
[enterotoxic activity of live cultures of sonne dysentery microbes and formation of enterotoxin in vivo].	the great majority of virulent sonne dysentery bacillus cultures caused an accumulation of the fluid in the lumen of the isolated segment of the rabbit small intestine containing a great amount of mucus and sometimes of the blood as well; the segment mucosa was hyperemic and had punctate hemorrhages. avirulent microbial cultures as a rule caused no exudation in the intestinal lumen. sterile and concentrated contents of the intestinal loops responding to the centrated contents of the intestinal l ...	1977	339975
[use of tablet forms of monomycin in children with acute dysentery].	the clinical picture of acute dysentery caused mainly by shigella sonnei was studied in 160 children: 50 children were treated with monomycin tablets and for the treatment of 110 children monomycin in the form of amorphous powder in bottles was used. the treatment was carried out in accordance with the official instructions. coincidence of the recovery time in the both groups was registered. when the patients were treated with monomycin tablets, 5 and 15-34 per cent of the antibiotic a daily dos ...	1977	339824
[phage conversion of the antigens in escherichiae and shigellae. 2. conversion of the somatic antigen in shigella flexneri with the moderate e. coli 0129 phage].	the authors studied the converting activity of the moderate ef5 phage isolated from the lysogenic e. coli 0129 strain. it was shown that this phage converted the o-antigen with the detection of the type antigen v in the strains of sh. flexneri of the serological type la and y-variant. the converted cultures contained the type antigen v and were identical by the antigenic properties to one another and the sh. flexneri of the serological type 5 and e. coli 0129. a conclusion was drawn that phages ...	1977	339629
[clinico-immunological characteristics of dysentery in persons with different blood groups].	the authors studied the frequency of distribution of the abo system blood groups in 392 adults and 322 children suffering from acute dysentery. x2 criterion and double-factor dispersion analysis were used for statistical analysis. deficiency of persons with b iii and ab iv blood group. phagocytosis indices were decreased in them with the elevated neutrophil damage index.	1977	339628
[postvaccinal dysentery immunity studied on the model of ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits].	chemical (detergent) antigens administered intraintestinally or intravenously to rabbits were applied to reproduce postvaccinal immunity to experimental shigellosis. there was noted an increase of the antibody level in the serum, an intensification of its preventive proerties, and the absence of dilatation of the isolated loops of the small intestine after the administration of the corresponding dysentery culture. oral immunization of rabbits with the detergent antigen sorbed on ionexchange resi ...	1977	339626
[study of lipopolysaccharides of various forms of shigella sonnei with the aid of the passive hemagglutination test].		1977	339622
[study of the mechanism of reduction of the virulence in the shigella flexneri strains resistant to streptomycin].	streptomycin-resistant mutations in donor strains of e. coli k12 hfr ab 313 and at-13 are not associated with the action of the stra-gene limiting the suppression. shigella mutations str-r obtained by the method described in this paper also failed to limit the suppression. changes in the virulence observed in transmission stra region from the str-r strains of e. coli and shigellae used in this work were not connected with mutations limiting the suppression (with competent mutations).	1977	339620
[results of treatment of dysentery patients with streptomycin-dependent vaccine in comparison with other methods of treatment].	comparative study of various methods of treatment was carried out on 777 patients suffering from acute dysentery with a bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis. to assess the therapeutic efficacy, along with consideration of clinical signs of the disease, immunoglobulin level was examined in the blood and coprofiltrates; also the state of reparative processes in the mucosa was appreciated by the histological examination of the biopsy material. results of the work carried out indicated the inexpedi ...	1977	339618
[assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of antigenic preparations from sonne shigellae].	the authors studied the diagnostic possibilities of 4 diagnistic agents from sh. sonnei. a total of 1500 from 1122 persons were investigated. specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic agents from sh. sonnei were determined. methodical priciples of the objective assessment of the diagnostic efficacy of the antigenic preparations in the controlled epidemiological trial were elaborated. a possibility of establishment of the etiological diagnosis of sonne dysentery in the passive hemagglutinati ...	1977	339617
[reiter's disease. ii. etiopathogenesis].		1977	339288
[functional changes in leukocytes under the influence of allergens and formation of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies of the iga class in dysentery].		1977	338370
rose spots in shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection.		1977	338095
[characteristics of the ultrastructural changes of the large intestine mucosa after acute dysentery].	electron microscopic examinations of biopsy specimens of the large intestine from 8 patients one month after termination of the acute phase of dysentery revealed dystrophic and destructive changes in surface epithelium cells consisting in the lack of glycocalyx, fragmentation of microvilli, vacuolation and subsequent homogenization of the cytoplasm. swelling and destruction of mitochondria, pyknosis and rhexisof the nucleus, exposure and loss of the intactness of the apical membrane of the cells ...	1977	337939
the role of easily released substances (ers) from bacteria in physiologic solution in natural immunity. vi. induction of opsonins for different genera of bacteria by ers from staph. aureus oxford.	ers obtained from staph. aureus by mild extraction with physiologic saline solution possess activity of inducing nonspecific opsonins which react with homologous bacteria and with related gram-negative bacteria. ers from staph. aureus weakly stimulated precipitins and antibodies active in passive hemagglutination and induced a marked rise in agglutinin titers especially for the homologous strain and gram-negative s. typhimurium bacilli. n-acetyl-d-glucosamine absorbed the opsonizing factor for v ...	1977	337934
[structure of shigella antigens. heterogeneity of specific polysaccharides of 2 shigella flexneri strains and 2 sh. flexneri/escherichia coli hybrids].	the s-specific polysaccharide from 2 sh. flexneri wild strains (with serological var. x- and var. y-specificity, respectively) and 2 sh. flexneri e. coli hybrids (with the same specificities) can be separated by means of gel chromatography on sephadex g-200 and g-50 into altogether 6 fractions per strain. fraction g-200/1 (molecular weight greater than 10(6)d) represents a polymer consisting nearly exclusively of glucose and is present mainly in the two y-type strains, much less in the two x-typ ...	1977	337687
venereal transmission of shigellosis in seattle-king county.	in the past, shigellosis in seattle-king county has been primarily a disease of children, their parients, and foreign travelers. during the 18 months beginning in july 1975, an outbreak of shigellosis in seattle's community of gay men involved both shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei. they accounted for nearly 30% of all cases of shigellosis reported to the health department. fellatio and/or oral-anal contact was reported by 90% of the infected homosexual men; this was probably the mechanism o ...	1977	337539
[unusual extraintestinal form of shigella infection caused by shigella sonnei--shigella vulvitis].		1977	337535
toxin from the culture filtrate of shigella dysenteriae that causes morphological changes in chinese hamster ovary cells and is distinct from the neurotoxin.	a toxin that causes morphological changes in chinese hamster ovary cells was isolated from a culture filtrate of shigella dysenteriae 1. it was partially purified by successive column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, bio-gel a-5m, and hydroxylapatite. the toxin was separated from neurotoxin by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography and was not lethal for mice.	1977	336549
effects of methylxanthine drugs on pyrogen-induced hyperthermia.	the hyperthermic response to pyrogen was not potentiated by caffeine or theophylline administered i.p. into cats or rabbit. injection of these drugs into the anterior hypothalamus or into the third cerebral ventricle in cats was also without effect on pyrexia. these results support the hypothesis that cyclic amp in the anterior hypothalamus does not mediate pyrogen-induced hyperthermia in cats.	1977	336383
[effect of lactic bacteria metabolic products on the transmission of r-plasmids in enterobacteria in vitro].	the authors present data on the study of lactobacteria used in the production of dry lactobacterin (lactobacterinum siccum). metabolic products (lactocidin) were extracted with lactic and acetic acid after vincent et al. two donor strains (e. coli k12 j5-3 r1-19 and e. coli k12 w1845 r26) were crossed in the conjugation process in various conbinations with six recipient strains (e. coli k12s, e. coli su 3912/41, sh. sonnei 263b, sh. sonnel 3470, s. heidelberg, a161, and s. typhimurium sh3 his-). ...	1977	335743
[immunochemistry of shigella (a review of the most important results). iii. o-antigens of shigella sonnei and the thermolabile antigen that moves to the anode].		1977	335741
[study of the immunological effectiveness of the enteral vaccination of volunteers with detergent sonne dysentery monovaccine].	the authors evaluated the immunological results of enteral and subcutaneous injection of detergent sonne dysentery vaccine to volunteers (changes in homo- and heterologous antibodies in the blood and saliva recorded by means of common indirect hemagglutination test and that modified according to coombs' test, and igg, igm, and iga concentration recording. both immunization methods induced specific antibody formation: enteral vaccination caused chiefly the accumulation of secretory antibodies of ...	1977	335740
[immunologic properties of soluble shigella antigens].	of the live sh. flexner 2a and sonne soluble antigens containing glucide-lipoid-protein complex, characterized by low toxicity, a high yield of dry substances, and the capacity to induce immunity production in mice after subcutaneous and oral immunization, were obtained by salt extraction and physical disintegration. local antigen application into eye mucosa of guinea pigs produced local resistance against homologous causative agents and also stimulated production of the highest level of specifi ...	1977	335736
[use of the keratoconjunctival model in guinea pigs for quantitative assessment of the immunogenicity of dysentery antigens].		1977	335731
location of new clear plaque genes on the p1 map.		1977	335644
cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'shigella-like' escherichia coli 058. structure of the polysaccharide chain.	two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained from escherichia coli 058 by extraction with 45% aqueous phenol and fractional precipitation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (cetavlon). chemical analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the two preparations differed only in the extent of the o-specific polysaccharide moiety. the o-specific polysaccharide was characterized with proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, op ...	1977	334542
somatic antigens of shigella. the strucuture of the specific polysaccharide chain of shigella dysenteriae type 5 lipopolysaccharide.	the specific polysaccharide was released from shigella dysenteriae type 5 lipopolysaccharide by mild acidic hydrolysis and then purified by gel chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide was built up of residues of d-mannose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 3-0-(d-1-carboxyethyl)-l-rhamnose (rhamnolactylic acid) and 0-acetyl groups in a ratio 2:1:1:1. on the basis of radiospectroscopy, methylation analysis, smith degradation, and chromium trioxide oxidation, the repeating oligosaccharide ...	1977	334537
the identification of 2-amino-2-deoxy-l-altruronic acid as a constituent of shigella sonnei phase i lipopolysaccharide.		1977	334368
some effects of prostaglandins e1 and e2 and of endotoxin injected into the hypothalamus of young chicks: dissociation between endotoxin fever and the effects of prostaglandins.	prostaglandins e1 and e2 elevated body temperature of young chicks when injected into the hypothalamus at thermoneutrality (31 degrees c). in contrast, they lowered body temperature when so injected below thermoneutrality (16degreesc): the relation of the fall in body temperature to increased heat loss and decreased heat production was examined. 2 the above effects below thermoneutrality were potentiated by pretreatment with inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase and possible reasons for this po ...	1977	334308
some effects of intravenous prostaglandin e, and endotoxin in young chickens.	1 the effects of intravenous prostaglandin e1 and endotoxin were studied in young chickens (11-17 days old). 2 at a thermoneutral ambient temperature (31 degrees c), intravenous prostaglandin e1, produced behavioural and electrocortical sleep, increased oxygen consumption and, after an initial fall, elevated body temperature. below thermoneutrality (16 degrees c), the initial hypothermic effect was more marked and oxygen consumption was lowered. 3 the soporific actions of prostaglandin e1 were s ...	1977	334307
nonconjugative plasmids encoding sulfanilamide resistance.	nonconjugative plasmids encoding sulfanilamide (sa) resistance were demonstrated at a high frequency in shigella and escherichia coli strains resistant to sulfanilamide. these sa plasmids were all compatible with the standard plasmids used in compatibility testing. the sizes of seven sa plasmids were measured by electron microscopy and ranged from 1.79 to 2.08 mum, corresponding to 3.5 to 3.9 megadaltons.	1977	334067
[clinical aspects and treatment of dysentery].		1977	333732
a possible role of glycolipids in epithelial cell penetration by virulent shigella flexneri 2a.		1977	333234
studies with a new generation of oral attenuated shigella vaccine: escherichia coli bearing surface antigens of shigella flexneri.	in an attempt to develop a safe, proliferating, oral, attenuated vaccine against shigellosis, genes that control the synthesis of group- and type-specific somatic antigens of shigella flexneri 2a were transferred via conjugation to a recipient strain of escherichia coli. the resultant hybrid (e. coli expressing shigella surface antigens) vaccine strain, pgai 42-1-15, believed to have a complete (smooth) lipopolysaccharide, was given to volunteers in two vaccination-challenge studies. the vaccine ...	1977	333041
algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. xxvii. shigellosis.		1977	333040
shigella surveillance in the united states, 1975.		1977	333038
shigellosis control--a rosy future?		1977	333037
quantitative in vitro phagocytic rate measurements.	a model for the calculation of phagocytic rate constants based on the assumption that the process of phagocytosis can be treated in a manner analogous to chemical reactions of the first order is suggested. by employing such an approach, accurate rate constants of ingestion of in vitro cultivated macrophages can be obtained following minimal time intervals from the onset of phagocytosis.	1977	333027
basic structure of the oligosaccharide repeating-unit of the shigella flexneri o-antigens.		1977	332361
[phage conversion of escherichia and shigella antigens. i. phage conversion of type i antigen of sh. flexneri in entrophatogenic e. coli o129].	the authors realized conversion of type i sh. flexneri in enteropathogenic e. coli o129 with converting moderate phage phi i sh. flexneri. phage phi i lysogenized 7.3--42.7% of the cells of antigenic e. coli variant o129 which lost type v antigen; conversion of the type i antigen of sh. flexneri was revealed in the agglutination and adsorption of agglutinins tests. as a result, e. coli strain was obtained with the o-antigen identical to the o-antigen of sh. flexneri ia.	1977	331793
[immunochemistry of shigellae. ii. o-antigen of flexner shigellae (chemical structure and relationship to serological properties)].		1977	331790
[interspecies antagonism of dysentery bacteria].		1977	331789
[experimental salmonellosis conjunctivitis and keratitis in guinea pigs].	the authors present the results of morphological study of experimentally-induced conjunctivitis and keratitis induced in guinea pigs by salmonellae. it was revealed that injuries of the conjunctiva and cornea in salmonellae infection were different by development and morphological manifestations from keratoconjunctivitis caused by shigellae. this difference was due to specific peculiarities of the pathogenic properties of salmonellae and shigellae clearly expressed on the given experimental mode ...	1977	331788
[role of the aqueous factor in the epidemiology of dysentery].	analysis of the dynamics and territorial distribution of bacterial dysentery morbidity during 1959-1973 in the dagestan assr demonstrated that the epidemically unfavourable conditions were largely connected with the use of water in open water bodies for domestic purposes and swimming as well as a wide network of irrigation canals. persistence of the water factor in the dysentery epidemiology was connected with the ever increasing contamination of water in open water bodies and neglect of sanitar ...	1977	331787
[trial of the toxins of the sonne microbe and cholera vibrio in an isolated loop of mouse small intestine].	enterotoxic properties of neuro-and endotoxins of sonne dysentery bacillus, of cholerogen, and bowen's cholera vibrio endotoxin were determined on a model of an isolated loop of the mouse small intestine. in definite doses all the mentioned preparations could induce dilatation of the isolated loop of the mouse small intestine. in case of sonne bacillus neurotoxin this property correlated with the toxicity of the preparation for the animals and failed to depend on the virulence and biochemical re ...	1977	331786
[features of the monosaccharide composition and ultrastructure of lipopolysaccharides of different forms of shigella sonnei].	the authors present the results of study of chemical monosaccharide composition and the ultrastructure of purified lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the i and the ii phases and the r-form of sh. sonnei. the amount of lipids in lps preparations increased with the change from s- into r-form. galactose content in lps of the ii phase was less than in lps of the i phase, and it was absent entirely in lps of r-form. it was demonstrated by negative contrasting that lps dissociation increased with s leads to ...	1977	331785
[physico-chemical parameters of the surface of flexner shigella cells and the structure of lipopolysaccharide o-antigen].		1977	331779
[use of antibody-producing cell test for the purpose of studying the immunologic effectiveness of sonne dysentery vaccines].		1977	331778
[r-factor transmission during interspecies crossing of shigella and salmonella].		1977	331777
[intraspecies antagonism of sh. flexneri in an hep-2 cell line model].	the authors describe an effect of suppression of invasion of the guinea pig eye conjunctiva and the hep-2 epithelial cells by virulent sh. flexneri bacilli, with a simultaneous administration of the same dose of avirulent shigella mutants, genetically connected with them. the data of morphological study and experiments with 3h-glucose labeled shigellae carried out on the cell species model indicated that the bacterial competition for the specific sites for absorption on the epithelial cells unde ...	1977	331774
[diagnostic value of individual tests for classification of shigella].	a total of 1243 strains of enterobacteria were studied by four tests (mobility, lysis with dysentery polyvalent bacteriophage, relation to christensen's citrate and salicin) for the purpose of determining shigellae genera. a combination of signs characteristic of shigella genus was observed in 99.1% of laboratory and in 100% of freshly-isolated strains. no such combination was found in any other of the representatives of enterobacteriaceae family. the tests under study are recommended for the wo ...	1977	331770
[comparative characteristics of cell-free filtrates of shigella flexneri of different virulence].	it was shown for the first time that the virulent sh. flexneri strain grown on luria broth differed from the avirulent one by the yield of readily released surface-located complexes--lipopolysaccharide (determined by rhamnose) and protein into the filtrate. there was no distinct correlation between the strain virulence and the content of rhamnose-determined lipopolysaccharide in the filtrate; growing bacteria in the presence of ca and mg ions had no significant influence on the lipopolysaccharid ...	1977	331764
[epidemiology of dysentery in dagestan].	analysis of material on bacterial dysentery and other acute intestinal infections morbidity in the dagestan assr for a period of 15 years showed high morbidity level and its variations, with reduction and elevation in individual years, and the leading role played by shigella flexneri among the causative agents of dysentery. the greatest incidence of dysentery was revealed among children aged under one year and between 1 and 2 years. a high bacterial dysentery incidence was recorded in dagestan t ...	1977	331761
[the survival time of shigellas on plastic materials].		1977	331701
a microbiological study of gastro-enteritis in black infants.	a survey was carried out to determine the aetiological agents responsible for acute gastro-enteritis in black infants. bacteriological examination of 191 patients and 178 age-matched controls showed that salmonellae and shigellae together accounted for only 15% of cases and were harboured by almost 7% of controls. seropositive 'enteropathogenic' escherichia coli was an important cause of diarrhoea, especially in the summer months. enterotoxin-producing e. coli was not a significant cause of gast ...	1977	331509
infectious diarrhea: when should you start to worry?		1977	331014
gastroenteritis in children: a two-year review in manitoba. i. etiology.	during two years, 1,217 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis at the children's centre in winnipeg, manitoba, canada were studied. bacterial pathogens were present in 25% of these children: enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 120, shigella in 139, salmonella in 24, and multiple pathogens in 18. rotavirus was detected in 54 (11%) of 472 patients examined. rotavirus and enteropathogenic e. coli were the most common pathogens in infants, and shigella was the most common in older children. bac ...	1977	330769
esculin hydrolysis by enterobacteriaceae.	literature reports disagree concerning esculin hydrolysis in the family enterobacteriaceae. a total of 2,490 strains of the family were investigated for esculin hydrolysis by two methods, the esculin spot test and the pathotec incubation strip, which measures constitutive enzyme, and five growth-supporting methods, which determine both constitutive and inducible enzymes. the five growth-supporting media studied were: vaughn-levine, the standard esculin hydrolysis medium (p. r. edwards and w. h. ...	1977	330558
antagonistic effect of extremely oxygen-sensitive clostridia from the microflora of conventional mice and of escherichia coli against shigella flexneri in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice.	two extremely oxygen-sensitive strains of clostridium sp., designated clostridium e and p, were obtained from digestive microflora of conventional mice and found to constitute a barrier against shigella flexneri sf-2 when associated in vivo with escherichia coli k-12. these and other simplified fractions of the conventional microflora were demonstrated to have an effect comparable to that of the total flora. when k-12 and clostridium e were established in gnotobiotic mice before the introduction ...	1977	330410
[shigella shige as an etiological factor of bacillary dysentery].		1977	330362
heterogeneity of streptomyces dna.		1977	330221
somatic antigens of shigella. structural investigation on the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella dysenteriae type-2 lipopolysaccharide.	the o-specific polysaccharide obtained from shigella dysenteriae type-2 lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis consisted of n-acetylgalactosamine, n-acetylglucosamine, d-galactose, d-glucose, and o-acetyl group in the ratio of 2:1:1:1:1. a number of oligosaccharides were obtained by deamination of the n-deacetylated polysaccharide and by smith degradation of the both native and o-deacetylated polysaccharides. the identification of oligosaccharides along with methylation analysis and chromic ...	1977	330162
structural studies of the shigella flexneri variant x, type 5 a and type 5 b o-antigens.	previous studies of different shigella flexneri o-antigens indicate that their o-specific region is composed of oligosaccharide repeating units containing a basic tetrasaccharide structure, to which alpha-d-glucopyranosyl groups and o-acetyl groups may be attached to different positions. structural studies of o-antigens from variant x, type 5a and type 5b lend further support to this assumption. these antigens contain terminal alpha-d-glucopyranosyl groups, one each per repeating unit in x and 5 ...	1977	330159
an outbreak of shigellosis in the province of new brunswick.		1977	329973
comparative studies on the immunologic properties of free endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide from shigella sonnei.	immunogenic, antigenic and toxic properties of free endotoxin isolated from culture media of shigella sonnei, phase i, was studied. experiments with mice showed that free endotoxin is about 3--4 times more active immunogenically and twice as toxic as cellular lipopolysaccharide. on the other hand, the antigenic activity of free endotoxin was about equal to that of lipopolysaccharide. in addition, free endotoxin had a common property characteristic for endotoxins isolated from gram-negative bacte ...	1977	329799
[morphological changes in experimental infection in guinea pigs under the influence of prodigiozan and s-methylmethionine].	the effect of prodigiozan and s-methylmethionine on the level of histomorphological changes in the organs and tissues of guinea pigs with experimental typhoid fever, dysentery and staphylococcal infections, as well as the effect of prednizolone with respect to dysentery and staphylococcal infections were studied. in the control animals the highest histomorphological changes were observed on the 4th day after the infection in the liver, kidneys and spleen. in the animals with staphylococcal infec ...	1977	329754
[electron microscopic study of the interaction of shigellae with cell cultures. iii. functional-structural changes in transplanted amniotic cells exposed to extracellular flexner shigellae].	a quantitative changes of rna and proteins and structural peculiarities of compensative-regenerative character were discovered in amnion cells subjected to the action of extracellular virulent shigellas by means of successive cytophotometry and electron microscopy. the long contact with the bacteria lead to increased degenerative changes in the cell cytoplasm. the arising changes seem to involve toxicity caused by the action of exometabolites of shigella flexneri.	1977	329505
[dysentery].		1977	329360
incompatibility and bacteriophage inhibition properties of n-1, a plasmid belonging to the h2 incompatibility group.	n-1, a plasmid isolated from a strain of shigella flexneri in japan more than 10 years ago, mediates the phage inhibition phenotype which has recently been found to be characteristic of plasmids of the h2 incompatibility group. using the criteria of phage inhibition, surface exclusion and incompatibility, the n-1 plasmid is shown to be closely related to h2 plasmids isolated from non-typhoid salmonella and distantly related to h1 plasmids isolated from salmonella typhi. plasmids of other incompa ...	1977	329103
h2s-positive shigella sonnei.		1977	329063
effect of colicin v on s. sonnei in vivo and in tissue culture.	the effect of the preparation of colicin v, freed from the endotoxin of the producer strain e. coli ca-7 on sh. sonnei was studied in the keratoconjunctival tests on guinea pigs and in the cell culture hep-2. colicin v was found to inhibit the development of dysenteric infection in vivo by delaying the incubation period. it has been demonstrated that the mentioned colicin blocks the process of adsorption of the causative agent on the surface of epithelial cells. obviously, colicin v can also dis ...	1977	328773
to shigella sonnei phage typing.	the epidemiological significance of phage types changes in the course of years. in czechoslovakia, in the years 1967-1971, the most frequent phage types were 2,6, 3, 30 and 65, and, in the middle-bohemian region, 2,30, 6, 3 and 65. in the epidemiological years 1972-1973 the sequence of the most frequent s. sonnet phage types changed in the middle-bohemian region to: 65, 23, 6, 2 and 12. some problems concerning the instability of phage types and the part of further auxiliary tests (biochemical d ...	1977	328772
a study of enteropathogenic organisms isolated in the public health laboratory, lusaka.	a total of 328 specimens of stools were examined in the public health laboratory during january and february 1973. enteropathogens were isolated from 117 of these specimens. besides these, 12 strains of salmonellae were isolated from blood and 8 from urine. an occasional salmonella was isolated from the pleural fluid (s. paratyphi a) pus from the knee (s. enteritidis) and from the c.s.f. of an infant (s. paratyphi c.). salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a are the predominant salmonella sp ...	1977	328771
rough mutant of shigella flexneri 2a that penetrates tissue culture cells but does not evoke keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs.	a rough mutant, designated 5503-01, has been isolated from a virulent strain of shigella flexneri 2a 5503. strain 5503-01 produced smooth opaque colonies, whereas its parent strain produced characteristic green-gold translucent ones. characterization of 5503-01 by agglutination tests, rhamnose content, and sensitivity spectra to "rough-specific" phages revealed that it had lost the specific somatic antigens. when 5503-01 was used to infect hela or l cells, it penetrated the cells and multiplied ...	1977	328396
complete structure of the repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of shigella dysenteriae type 3 lipopolysaccharide.		1977	328145
[morphologic demonstration of adsorption of sonne shigellae onto intestinal epithelium].	electron-microscopy studies of the process of absorption of shigella sonnei on the epithelium of the intestine villi of syrian hamstes were carried out. in the study there were used 20 animals and 8 stains of shigellae isolated from patients with acute dysentery. it was shown that in inoculating into an isolated loop of the intestine adhesion of shigellae to the surface of border cells was accompanied by rearrangement of glycocalyx with subsequent destruction of microvilli in the zone of adsorpt ...	1977	327985
immune processes in the course of infection with dysentery bacilli. iii. protective activity of spleen cells and serum from mice immunized with killed dysentery bacilli.	killed dysentery bacilli induce immunity in mice which can be transferred to other mice with serum. spleen cells do not transfer this immunity, in contrast to spleen cells from mice immunized with live dysentery bacilli. the results of this and previous studies 5,17 suggest that immunity in mice infected with dysentery bacilli depends on two coexisting effector mechanisms--cell-mediated and humoral immunity. live bacilli induce both, however killed bacilli stimulated humoral immunity and protect ...	1977	327970
[sensitivity of shigella to antibiotics].		1977	327917
location of food consumption and travelers' diarrhea.	daily food histories for one month were obtained in summer, 1975, from students attending a mexican university to determine the influence of food consumption on the development and etiology of diarrhea. in newly-arrived students from the u.s. who ate half or more of their meals in the school cafeteria and public restaurants there were significant increases in diarrhea (p less than 0.005); shigella infection (p less than 0.05) and toxigenic e. coli infection (p less than 0.025) compared to the st ...	1977	327798
gentamicins.	gentamicin is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic, basic and water-soluble, produced and developed by schering corporation-bloomfield, new jersey (1967 and 1968). it is produced by micromonospora purpurea, a member of a genus of microorganisms from which no other antibiotics have been derived. paper chromatographic techniques showed the components of gentamicin complex designated as c', c'a, and c2. gentamicins are bactericidal antibiotics, active in vivo in low concentrations against a wide spectru ...	1977	327729
studies on a new antibiotic--chuangxinmycin.	a new antibiotic, designated chuangxinmycin and produced by a new species of microorganism actinoplanes tsinanensis n. sp., has been isolated in crystalline form. assay methods, fermentation and isolation procedures for the antibiotic are described. uv-ir-, nmr- and mass spectra as well as specific rotation of the antibiotic are given. its molecular formula is c12h11no2s. studies on its chemical structure and total synthesis have been completed. according to its chemical structure, chuangxinmyci ...	1977	327539
synthetic disaccharide-protein antigens for production of specific 04 and 09 antisera for immunofluorescence diagnosis of salmonella.	the synthetic disaccharides abequose 1 leads to a 3 mannose and tyvelose 1 leads to a 3 mannose, representative of salmonella o-antigen 4 and 9 respectively, were covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (bsa) . antisera from rabbits immunized with these immunogens were used in indirect immunofluorescence assay for the identification of group b (o-antigen 4) and d (o-antigen 9) salmonella. a total of 1030 enteric bacterial strains were tested, including 207 group b and 55 group d salmonella. th ...	1977	327249
location of the ss--mutation of bacteriophage t7 in genes 10, the structural gene for the major capsid protein.	t7+ phage are unable to plate on a strain of shigella sonnei d2 371-48. spontaneous phage mutants arise (ss--mutants) that are able to plate on this strain of shigella. we have shown by complementation studies and genetic crosses that the ss--mutation maps in gene 10, the structural gene for the major protein of the capsid. this finding implies that the gene 10 protein may interact with a host protein during phage development and that the abortive infection of t7 observed in s. sonnei d2 371-48 ...	1977	327090
spectrophotometry as a tool for assaying endotoxins.	a spectrophotometric method is reported for assaying endotoxins over a wide concentration range, including low parts per billion levels. five solution of endotoxins. escherichia coli 0127:b8, escherichia coli 055:b5, salmonella abortus-equi, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella flexneri, were examined. each exhibited an absorption maximum at 259 nm, but the absorptivities differed in each case. thus, rigorous quantification requires that the identity of the endotoxin be known. the uv absorbance ...	1977	327056
pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. vii. evidence for a cell membrane toxin receptor involving beta1 leads to 4-linked n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligomers.	the binding of shigeua dysenteriae 1 cytotoxin to hela cells in culture and to isolated rat liver cell membranes was studied by means of an indirect consumption assay of toxicity from the medium, or by determination of cytotoxicity to the hela cell monolayer. both liver cell membranes and hela cells removed toxicity from the medium during incubation, in contrast to wi-38 and y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, both of which neither bound nor were affected by the toxin. uptake of toxin was directly re ...	1977	327017
improved procedure of selective enrichment of shigella in the presence of escherichia coli by use of 4-chloro-2-cyclopentylphenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside.	a previously described procedure for the selective enrichmen of shigella in competition with e. coli has been modified and tested with a total of 48 strains of the four shigella species. the new enrichment medium consists of 1,5-strength trypticase soy broth, 1 mm 4-chloro-2-cyclopentylphenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside (cppg), 0.25% lactose, and 0.1 m citrate buffer (ph 6.2). in competition with a 1000-fold higher population of e. coli than shigella, 42 of 48 strains from the four species of shige ...	1977	326358
investigatiaons on drug-resistance of shigella sonnei bacilli isolated in poland in the years 1959-1972.	2538 strains of shigella sonnei bacilli, isolated from patients in the years 1959-1972, have been tested for drug-resistance. the strains examined came from different regions of poland. drug-resistance has been determined by the method of "multi-arm" disks of filter-paper. in investigations 12 chemotherapeutics have been employed. the tests performed have shown that 63% of strains were resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics. the percentage of streptomycin-resistant strains, found in the inve ...	1977	326220
[study of a "rfa" locus coding for cell wall lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis in "shigella flexneri" f6s (author's transl)].	the rfa-7 lipopolysaccharide core mutation carried by the r mutant f680, derived from shigella flexneri f6s serotype 5b, has been mapped by conjugation and transduction experiments. the results show a chromosomal distance of about 1 min between rfa-7 and mtl. such a position would be similar to those of rfa genes in escherichia coli k12 and salmonella typhi-murium lt2. conjugational transfer of e. coli k12 rfa+ genes to mutant f680 restored s. flexneri o-specificity. chemical analyses performed ...	1977	326120
[immunochemistry of shigellae (review of important results). 1. o-antigens of flexner shigellae (characteristics and isolation)].		1977	325963
[biological activity of extracts isolated from a virulent strain of sh. flexneri grown in the presence of calcium ions].	the authors carried out a comparative study of the genetically connected sh. flexneri cultures (3 virulent strains, 3 clones of an avirulent mutant selected in the flux of an oblique light from the virulent strain, and lac+ kcp a-hybrids obtained by crossing the initial virulent cultures with the e. coli k12 hfr strains). the absence of any correlation between the virulence of the strains under study and the lipopolysaccharide (by rhamnose) content in the extracts from them in growing the cultur ...	1977	325961
postdysenteric reiter's syndrome.		1977	325904
[our experiences with water-induced epidemics of bacillary dysentery].		1977	325899