Publications

thermal inactivation of salmonella spp. in pork burger patties.	predictive models, to estimate the reduction in escherichia coli o157:h7 concentration in beef burgers, have been developed to inform risk management decisions; no analogous model exists for salmonella spp. in pork burgers. in this study, "extra lean" and "regular" fat pork minces were inoculated with salmonella spp. (salmonella 4,[5],12,i:-, salmonella senftenberg and salmonella typhimurium) and formed into pork burger patties. patties were cooked on an electric skillet (to imitate home cooking ...	2016	26686598
the isolation and identification of pantoea dispersa strain jfs as a non-pathogenic surrogate for salmonella typhimurium phage type 42 in flour.	salmonella is a common pathogen which has been the cause of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating a variety of commodities, including low-moisture foods such as flour. salmonella costs more than any other pathogen in the united states in terms of health care expenses and time of lost work. heat treatment can be used to reduce salmonella and other pathogens in flour to safe levels. however, in low-moisture foods, process times must be increased to achieve adequate lethality, possibly resulting ...	2016	26686596
differential impact of ramra mutations on both rama transcription and decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in salmonella typhimurium.	this study was focused on analysing the heterogeneity of mutations occurring in the regulators of efflux-mediated mdr in salmonella typhimurium. moreover, the impact of such mutations on impairing the transcription of rama, acrb, tolc and acrf was also assessed as was the impact on the resistance or decreased susceptibility phenotype.	2016	26679248
clinical salmonella typhimurium st34 with metal tolerance genes and an inchi2 plasmid carrying oqxab-aac(6')-ib-cr from europe.		2016	26679244
inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on fresh-cut bell pepper treated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with ultrasound and mild heat.	the goal of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) through addition of synergistic treatment with ultrasound (us) and mild heat treatment in order to improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut bell pepper. to evaluate the synergistic effects, the weibull model was used to mathematically measure the effectiveness of the individual and combined treatments against listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium on the pepper. the combined tr ...	2016	26678144
inactivation of salmonella senftenberg, salmonella typhimurium and salmonella tennessee in peanut butter by 915 mhz microwave heating.	this study evaluated the efficacy of a 915 mhz microwave with 3 different levels to inactivate 3 serovars of salmonella in peanut butter. peanut butter inoculated with salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg, s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. enterica serovar tennessee were treated with a 915 mhz microwave with 2, 4 and 6 kw and acid and peroxide values and color changes were determined after 5 min of microwave heating. salmonella populations were reduced with increasing treatment time and ...	2016	26678129
effect of sequential dry heat and hydrogen peroxide treatment on inactivation of salmonella typhimurium on alfalfa seeds and seeds germination.	the purpose of this study was to inactivate salmonella typhimurium on alfalfa seeds without having negative effect on seed germination. inoculated alfalfa seeds were treated with dry heat at 60, 70 or 80 °c for 0, 12, 18 or 24 h followed by 2% hydrogen peroxide solution (10 min). populations of salmonella on alfalfa seeds treated with dry heat alone (60, 70 or 80 °c) for up to 24 h were reduced by 0.26-2.76 log cfu/g, and sequential treatment with dry heat and h2o2 reduced populations by 1.66-3. ...	2016	26678124
effects of morphine on the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced experimental uveitis.	to evaluate the effects of 1% morphine instillation on clinical parameters, aqueous humor turbidity, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), interleukin-1 beta (il-1beta), prostaglandin e2 (pge2), and myeloperoxidase (mpo) in rabbits with endotoxin-induced experimental uveitis.	2015	26677041
impact of t300a variant of atg16l1 on antibacterial response, risk of culture positive infections, and clinical course of crohn's disease.	autophagy-related 16-like 1 (atg16l1) deficiency leads to impaired cellular autophagy and bacterial degradation as well as an altered cytokine production. the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2241880 (t300a) is associated with an increased risk for crohn's disease (cd). atg16l1 polymorphisms could therefore have an impact on the risk of infectious complications and disease course in cd. we examined the impact of the t300a genotype on the antibacterial response toward a panel of pathogenic bacter ...	2015	26673830
[study of rapid species identification of bacteria in water].	multi-wavelength ultraviolet visible (uv-vis) transmission spectra of bacteria combined the forward scattering and absorption properties of microbes, contains substantial information on size, shape, and the other chemical, physiological character of bacterial cells, has the bacterial species specificity, which can be applied to rapid species identification of bacterial microbes. four different kinds of bacteria including escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium and klebsie ...	2015	26669181
an rfah mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is attenuated in swine and reduces intestinal colonization, fecal shedding, and disease severity due to virulent salmonella typhimurium.	swine are often asymptomatic carriers of salmonella spp., and interventions are needed to limit colonization of swine to enhance food safety and reduce environmental contamination. we evaluated the attenuation and potential vaccine use in pigs of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutant of rfah, the gene encoding the rfah antiterminator that prevents premature termination of long mrna transcripts. pigs inoculated with wild-type s. typhimurium exhibited a significant elevation in average ...	2014	26664915
reporters for single-cell analysis of colicin ib expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	colicins are toxins that mediate interference competition in microbial ecosystems. they serve as a "common good" for the entire producer population but are synthesized by only few members which pay the costs of colicin production. we have previously shown that production of colicin ib (cib), a group b colicin, confers a competitive advantage to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. tm) over commensal e. coli strains. here, we studied regulation of s. tm cib expression at the single cell le ...	2015	26659346
genotoxicity evaluation of irrigative wastewater from shijiazhuang city in china.	in the present study, the wastewater sample collected from the dongming discharging river in shijiazhuang city was analysed using both chemical analysis and biological assays including the salmonella mutagenicity test, micronucleus test and single-cell gel electrophoresis. chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. the salmonella mutagenicity test was performed on salmonella typhimurium ta97, ta98, ta ...	2015	26658348
interactions between sanitizers and packaging gas compositions and their effects on the safety and quality of fresh-cut onions (allium cepa l.).	onions are one of the most widely utilized vegetables worldwide, with demand for fresh-cut onions steadily increasing. due to heightened safety concerns and consumer demand, the implications of sanitizing and packaging on fresh-cut onion safety and quality need to be better understood. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of produce sanitizers, in-package atmospheres, and their interactions on the growth of salmonella typhimurium, mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, ...	2016	26656528
comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of different antimicrobial peptides against a range of pathogenic bacteria.	the rapid emergence of resistance to classical antibiotics has increased the interest in novel antimicrobial compounds. antimicrobial peptides (amps) represent an attractive alternative to classical antibiotics and a number of different studies have reported antimicrobial activity data of various amps, but there is only limited comparative data available. the mode of action for many amps is largely unknown even though several models have suggested that the lipopolysaccharides (lps) play a crucia ...	2015	26656394
in vitro screening of mare's milk antimicrobial effect and antiproliverative activity.	the aims of this study were to examine the effect of mare's milk on virulence gene expression of salmonella typhimurium and observe its potential activity on proliferation of adenocarcinoma caco-2 cells. different supernatants of mare's milk, raw or heat-treated at 65°c for 15 s or 30 min, were studied. the changes in hila gene expression of salmonella typhimurium in presence of mare's milk supernatants were assessed using a reporter luminescent strain. a significant decrease in hila gene expres ...	2016	26656278
three-dimensional tumor spheroids for in vitro analysis of bacteria as gene delivery vectors in tumor therapy.	several studies in animal models demonstrated that obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria of the genera bifidobacterium, salmonella, or clostridium specifically colonize solid tumors. consequently, these and other bacteria are discussed as live vectors to deliver therapeutic genes to inhibit tumor growth. therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment using anaerobic bacteria have been investigated in different mouse models. in the present study, solid three-dimensional (3d) multicellular tumo ...	2015	26655167
rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in foods using an electrochemical immunosensor based on screen-printed interdigitated microelectrode and immunomagnetic separation.	foodborne pathogens have continuously been a serious food safety issue and there is a growing demand for a rapid and sensitive method to screen the pathogens for on-line or in-field applications. therefore, an impedimetric immunosensor based on the use of magnetic beads (mbs) for separation and a screen-printed interdigitated microelectrode (sp-idme) for measurement was studied for the rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in foods. streptavidin coated mbs were f ...	2016	26653441
biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using fruit extract of rosa canina and their toxic potential against bacteria: a mechanistic approach.	the use of plant extract in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (nps) can be an eco-friendly approach and have been suggested as a possible alternative to classic methods namely physical and chemical procedures. in this study, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide (zno) nps by both "conventional heating" (ch) and "microwave irradiation" (mi) methods has been reported. stable and spherical znonps were produced using zinc nitrate and flesh extract of rosa canina fruit (rosehip) which was used as a precurso ...	2016	26652376
antibacterial effects of pyrolysis oil against salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli.	many issues have been found to be related to food preservation and food contamination caused by various pathogenic bacteria in recent years. many antibacterial agents act efficiently against gram-positive foodborne bacteria; however, they are less effective against gram-negative foodborne bacteria. in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antibacterial activity of pyrolysis oil manufactured from pinus densiflora (plo) against two gram-negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria, ...	2016	26651059
immunoenhancement with flagellin as an adjuvant to whole-killed rabies vaccine in mice.	vaccination is the most effective method for preventing rabies virus (rabv) infection in both humans and animals; however, no satisfactory vaccine has been developed for use worldwide. in the present study, we investigated the immunoadjuvant properties of salmonella typhimurium flagellin (fljb, flic, and fljb'-flic) to improve immune responses against the rabies vaccine (rv) and the protective efficacy of the whole-killed rabies vaccine (wkrv) with or without flagellins in balb/c mice. we also c ...	2016	26650039
sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni using nanoparticles enhanced qcm sensor.	a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor platform was used to develop an immunosensor for the detection of food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. rabbit polyclonal antibodies and commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies against c. jejuni were investigated to construct direct, sandwich and gold-nanoparticles (aunps) amplified sandwich assays. the performance of the qcm immunosensor developed using sandwich assay by utilising the rabbit polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and conj ...	2016	26649490
[molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from humans in turkey].	multidrug resistant (mdr) salmonella infections, especially infections due to salmonella typhimurium dt104 phage type strains are an important public health issue in many parts of the world. s.typhimurium is the most common serotype isolated from clinical samples in turkey but we have limited data about the phage types of these isolates. the aims of this study were to find out whether these mdr s.typhimurium isolates are dt104 phage type isolates and have class 1 integrons and to investigate the ...	2015	26649408
in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial potentials of lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from traditional cheese in sinkiang china against food-borne pathogens.	lactobacillus helveticus, an obligatory hetero-fermentative lab, is generally recognized as safe (gras) and is gaining popularity for application in dairy products. lactic acid bacteria (lab) play a remarkable role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food products, without disturbing the sensory attributes of the food. in this study, the screening of the antimicrobial potential of lactobacillus helveticus klds 1.8701 against four food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogen ...	2016	26648272
down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by inositol hexaphosphate in human colon cancer cells.	inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is chronic inflammatory condition associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. a number of mediators of inflammation, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide have been involved in carcinogenesis, especially in the promotion and progression stages. no is synthesized from l-arginine by constitutively expressed endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (enos and nnos, respectively) and an inducible nos (inos) isof ...	2015	26647627
effect of zinc on appetite regulatory peptides in the hypothalamus of salmonella-challenged broiler chickens.	the effects of dietary zinc (zn) supplementation on the gene expression of appetite regulatory peptides were investigated in salmonella-infected broiler chickens. broiler chickens (arbor acres, 1 day old) were allocated randomly into 24 pens of 10 birds. the chickens from 12 pens were fed with basal diet and the other with basal diet supplemented with zn (znso4·h2o, 120 mg/kg). at 5 days of age, the chickens were divided into 4 treatments with 6 pens: basal diet; basal diet and salmonella challe ...	2016	26637494
dissecting the cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate signalling network regulating motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.		2015	26634795
physiologic stresses reveal a salmonella persister state and ta family toxins modulate tolerance to these stresses.	bacterial persister cells are considered a basis for chronic infections and relapse caused by bacterial pathogens. persisters are phenotypic variants characterized by low metabolic activity and slow or no replication. this low metabolic state increases pathogen tolerance to antibiotics and host immune defenses that target actively growing cells. in this study we demonstrate that within a population of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, a small percentage of bacteria are reversibly toleran ...	2015	26633172
re-engineering cellular physiology by rewiring high-level global regulatory genes.	knowledge of global regulatory networks has been exploited to rewire the gene control programmes of the model bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the product is an organism with competitive fitness that is superior to that of the wild type but tuneable under specific growth conditions. the paralogous hns and stpa global regulatory genes are located in distinct regions of the chromosome and control hundreds of target genes, many of which contribute to stress resistance. the locatio ...	2015	26631971
rhythm and bugs: circadian clocks, gut microbiota, and enteric infections.	to highlight recent developments in understanding the dynamic relationship between circadian rhythms, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal infections.	2016	26628099
association of blactx-m-15 and qnr genes in multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium and shigella spp from india.		2015	26623641
obligate anaerobic salmonella typhimurium strain yb1 treatment on xenograft tumor in immunocompetent mouse model.	the present authors have previously reported a novel approach to genetically engineer salmonella typhimurium for the medically important therapeutic strategy of using bacterial agents to target malignant tumors in a breast cancer tumor-bearing nude mouse model. however, studying an immunocompromised mouse model for cancer therapy is insufficient, as certain crucial information about the influence of the immune system may be missing. in the present study, inoculation of the salmonella strain, yb1 ...	2015	26622627
changing the codon usage of hfq gene has profound effect on phenotype and pathogenicity of salmonella typhimurium.	genome recoding with bias codons (synonymous rare codons) or codon pair bias is being used as a method to attenuate virulence mostly in viruses. the target gene chosen for attenuation in general in bacteria is mostly toxin or virulence gene. we have used rna chaperone hfq, a global post-transcriptional regulator of bacterial gene expression that regulates about 20 % genes in salmonella, as the target of recoding. the hfq gene was recoded by replacing the codons of hfq gene with synonymous rare c ...	2016	26620536
protective effects of five allium derived organosulfur compounds against mutation and oxidation.	in this study, we examined the ability of five allium-derived organosulfur compounds to protect cells against mutation and oxidation. the compounds tested were 1-propylmercaptan (pm), dimethyl disulfide (dmds), diallyl disulfide (dads), propyl disulfide (pds), and 2,5-dimethylthiophene (dmt). our results showed that when used at concentrations of 100-400 μmol/l, the five compounds inhibited the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide, a direct mutagen, and benzo[a]pyrene, an indirect mutagen, t ...	2016	26617023
gastrointestinal digested sambucus nigra l. fruit extract protects in vitro cultured human colon cells against oxidative stress.	elderberry (edb) sambucus nigra l. is one of the oldest medicinal plants which is useful for therapeutic and nutritional purposes due to a large amount of biologically active constituents, including compounds with a high antioxidant capacity. the present study focused on the antioxidant potential of the colon-available edb fruit extract, derived from the artificial gastrointestinal tract, with regard to human colonic mucosa cells cultured in vitro. despite the significant loss of edb bioactive c ...	2016	26616999
heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli promotes intestinal colonization of salmonella enterica.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is an important cause of infantile and travellers' diarrhoea, which poses a serious health burden, especially in developing countries. in addition, etec bacteria are a major cause of illness and death in neonatal and recently weaned pigs. the production of a heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) promotes the colonization and pathogenicity of etec and may exacerbate co-infections with other enteric pathogens such as salmonella enterica. we showed that the intraintes ...	2015	26616654
effects of domestic storage and thawing practices on salmonella in poultry-based meat preparations.	among consumer food handling practices, time-temperature abuse has been reported as one of the most common contributory factors in salmonellosis outbreaks where the evidence is strong. the present study performed storage tests of burgers, sausages, and kebabs and investigated (i) the effect of refrigerator temperatures (4°c versus 8 or 12°c, which were the temperatures recorded in 33 and 3%, respectively, of domestic refrigerators in italy), with or without prior temperature abuse (25°c for 2 h, ...	2015	26613905
whole genome sequencing provides possible explanations for the difference in phage susceptibility among two salmonella typhimurium phage types (dt8 and dt30) associated with a single foodborne outbreak.	phage typing has been used for decades as a rapid, low cost approach for the epidemiological surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. although molecular methods are replacing phage typing the system is still in use and provides a valuable model for study of phage-host interaction. phage typing depends on the pattern of bacterial resistance or sensitivity to a panel of specific bacteriophages. in the phage typing scheme, s. typhimurium definitive phage types (dt) 8 ...	2015	26613761
gasdermin d is an executor of pyroptosis and required for interleukin-1β secretion.	inflammasome is an intracellular signaling complex of the innate immune system. activation of inflammasomes promotes the secretion of interleukin 1β (il-1β) and il-18 and triggers pyroptosis. caspase-1 and -11 (or -4/5 in human) in the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathways, respectively, are crucial for inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses. here we report that gasdermin d (gsdmd) is another crucial component of inflammasomes. we discovered the presence of gsdmd protein in nig ...	2015	26611636
total phenolic, flavonoid, tomatine, and tomatidine contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of tomato plant.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts of different fractions of two tomato plant cultivars. the stems, roots, leaves, and whole-plant fractions were evaluated. tomatine and tomatidine were identified by hplc-dad. the leaf extracts from the two varieties showed the highest flavonoids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total phenolics contents and the highest antioxidant activity determined by dpph, abts, and orac. a positive correlation was ...	2015	26609308
molecular epidemiological characteristics of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, typhimurium and livingstone strains isolated in a tunisian university hospital.	enteritidis, typhimurium and livingstone are the main salmonella enterica serovars recovered in tunisia. here, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of fifty-seven salmonella enterica strains from different sampling periods, origins and settings using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). salmonella enteritidis, isolated from human and food sources from two regions in sfax in 2007, were groupe ...	2016	26608804
genotoxicity assessment of propyl thiosulfinate oxide, an organosulfur compound from allium extract, intended to food active packaging.	essential oils from onion (allium cepa l.), garlic (allium sativum l.), and their main components, such as propyl thiosulfinate oxide (ptso) are being intended for active packaging with the purpose of maintaining and extending food product quality and shelf life. the present work aims to assess for the first time the potential mutagenicity/genotoxicity of ptso (0-50 µm) using the following battery of genotoxicity tests: (1) the bacterial reverse-mutation assay in salmonella typhimurium (ames tes ...	2015	26607106
assessment of the mutagenicity of sediments from yangtze river estuary using salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay.	sediments in estuaries are of important environmental concern because they may act as pollution sinks and sources to the overlying water body. these sediments can be accumulated by benthic organisms. this study assessed the mutagenic potential of sediment extracts from the yangtze river estuary by using the ames fluctuation assay with the salmonella typhimurium his (-) strain ta98 (frameshift mutagen indicator) and ta100 (baseshift mutagen indicator). most of the sediment samples were mutagenic ...	2015	26606056
effect of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the foodborne pathogens attached to commercial food containers.	bacterial biofilms are associated with numerous infections and problems in the health care and food industries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of an atmospheric pressure plasma (app) jet on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium biofilm formation on collagen casing (cc), polypropylene (pp) and polyethylene terephthalate (pet), which are widely used food container materials. the samples were treated separately with the app jet a ...	2015	26604423
some newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats.	the present study was undertaken to unravel the newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of moringa oleifera leaves (mole) and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats.	2017	26600641
salmonella typhimurium detection using a surface-enhanced raman scattering-based aptasensor.	surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) has been used in a variety of biological applications due to its high sensitivity and specificity. here, we report a sers-based aptasensor approach for quantitative detection of pathogenic bacteria. a sers substrate bearing au@ag core/shell nanoparticles (nps) is functionalized with aptamer 1 (apt 1) for the capture of target molecules. x-rhodamine (rox)-modified aptamer 2 (apt 2) is used as recognition element and raman reporter. salmonella typhimurium ...	2016	26599860
oral iron acutely elevates bacterial growth in human serum.	iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide and routine supplementation is standard policy for pregnant mothers and children in most low-income countries. however, iron lies at the center of host-pathogen competition for nutritional resources and recent trials of iron administration in african and asian children have resulted in significant excesses of serious adverse events including hospitalizations and deaths. increased rates of malaria, respiratory infections, severe dia ...	2015	26593732
purification and host specificity of predatory halobacteriovorax isolates from seawater.	halobacteriovorax (formerly bacteriovorax) is a small predatory bacterium found in the marine environment and modulates bacterial pathogens in shellfish. four strains of halobacteriovorax originally isolated in vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 host cells were separated from their prey by an enrichment-filtration-dilution technique for specificity testing in other bacteria. this technique was essential, since 0.45-μm filtration alone was unable to remove infectious vibrio minicells, as determined by ...	2016	26590288
molecular profiling: catecholamine modulation of gene expression in escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	investigations of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium have demonstrated that these bacterial pathogens can respond to the presence of catecholamines including norepinephrine and/or epinephrine in their environment by modulating gene expression and exhibiting various phenotypes. for example, one of the most intensively investigated phenotypes following exposure of e. coli and s. typhimurium to norepinephrine is enhanced bacterial growth in a serum-based medium. ho ...	2016	26589218
preparation of engineered salmonella typhimurium-driven hyaluronic-acid-based microbeads with both chemotactic and biological targeting towards breast cancer cells for enhanced anticancer therapy.	in this study, a new type of targeted bacteriobots is prepared and investigated as a therapeutic strategy against solid tumors. maleimide-functionalized hyaluronic acid (ha) polymer is synthesized and cross-linked with four-arm-thiolated polyethylene glycol (peg-sh) to form ha microbeads with diameter of 8 μm through the michael-type addition. docetaxel (dtx)-loaded nanoparticles are encapsulated in ha-peg microbeads and sustained in vitro drug-release pattern of the dtx from the ha-peg microbea ...	2016	26584018
wild-type and mutant avra- salmonella induce broadly similar immune pathways in the chicken ceca with key differences in signaling intermediates and inflammation.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) is a serious infectious disease throughout the world, and a major reservoir for salmonella is chicken. chicken infected with salmonella do not develop clinical disease, this may be the result of important host interactions with key virulence proteins. to study this, we inoculated chicken with mutant salmonella typhimurium that lacked the virulence protein avra (avra(-)). avra is referred to as an avirulence factor, as it moderates the host immune resp ...	2016	26574031
quartz-crystal microbalance (qcm) for public health: an overview of its applications.	nanobiotechnologies, from the convergence of nanotechnology and molecular biology and postgenomics medicine, play a major role in the field of public health. this overview summarizes the potentiality of piezoelectric sensors, and in particular, of quartz-crystal microbalance (qcm), a physical nanogram-sensitive device. qcm enables the rapid, real time, on-site detection of pathogens with an enormous burden in public health, such as influenza and other respiratory viruses, hepatitis b virus (hbv) ...	2015	26572979
inflammation drives thrombosis after salmonella infection via clec-2 on platelets.	thrombosis is a common, life-threatening consequence of systemic infection; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive the formation of infection-associated thrombi are poorly understood. here, using a mouse model of systemic salmonella typhimurium infection, we determined that inflammation in tissues triggers thrombosis within vessels via ligation of c-type lectin-like receptor-2 (clec-2) on platelets by podoplanin exposed to the vasculature following breaching of the vessel wall. during inf ...	2015	26571395
transcription factor batf3 is important for development of cd8+ t-cell response against a phagosomal bacterium regardless of the location of antigen.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) is a virulent intracellular bacterium that conceals itself in the phagosomes of infected cells. although cd8(+) t cells promote protection against various intracellular pathogens, the role of cd8(+) t cells against virulent st has been unclear due to early fatality of susceptible (b6) mice. herein, we generated mhc i-deficient mice on the resistant (129svj) and susceptible (nramp1 transgenic b6) background to evaluate the role of cd8(+) t cells agains ...	2016	26567886
autophagy proteins promote repair of endosomal membranes damaged by the salmonella type three secretion system 1.	salmonella typhimurium (s.tm) is an enteropathogen requiring multiple virulence factors, including two type three secretion systems (t1 and t2). t1 triggers epithelium invasion in which the bacteria are taken up into endosomes that mature into salmonella-containing vacuoles (scv) and trigger t2 induction upon acidification. mechanisms controlling endosome membrane integrity or pathogen egress into the cytosol are incompletely understood. we screened for host factors affecting invasion and scv ma ...	2015	26567507
salmonella manipulates autophagy to "serve and protect".	many intracellular pathogens, including salmonella typhimurium, trigger autophagy in host cells, which is widely thought to restrict intracellular growth and survival. in this issue of cell host & microbe, kreibich et al. (2015) demonstrate a role for the autophagic machinery in the repair of damaged salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs).	2015	26567504
pectin and xyloglucan influence the attachment of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes to bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models.	minimally processed fresh produce has been implicated as a major source of foodborne microbial pathogens globally. these pathogens must attach to the produce in order to be transmitted. cut surfaces of produce that expose cell walls are particularly vulnerable. little is known about the roles that different structural components (cellulose, pectin, and xyloglucan) of plant cell walls play in the attachment of foodborne bacterial pathogens. using bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models ...	2015	26567310
ethanolamine signaling promotes salmonella niche recognition and adaptation during infection.	chemical and nutrient signaling are fundamental for all cellular processes, including interactions between the mammalian host and the microbiota, which have a significant impact on health and disease. ethanolamine is an essential component of cell membranes and has profound signaling activity within mammalian cells by modulating inflammatory responses and intestinal physiology. here, we describe a virulence-regulating pathway in which the foodborne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimuriu ...	2015	26565973
weissella paramesenteroides wpk4 reduces gene expression of intestinal cytokines, and hepatic and splenic injuries in a murine model of typhoid fever.	diarrhoea in piglets by salmonella and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. the aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of weissella paramesenteroides wpk4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against salmonella typhimurium. out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates ...	2016	26565085
a gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria.	in healthy individuals, the intestinal microbiota cannot access the liver, spleen, or other peripheral tissues. some pathogenic bacteria can reach these sites, however, and can induce a systemic immune response. how such compartmentalization is achieved is unknown. we identify a gut-vascular barrier (gvb) in mice and humans that controls the translocation of antigens into the blood stream and prohibits entry of the microbiota. salmonella typhimurium can penetrate the gvb in a manner dependent on ...	2015	26564856
ex vivo perfusion of the isolated rat small intestine as a novel model of salmonella enteritis.	using an ex vivo perfused rat small intestinal model, we examined pathological changes to the tissue, inflammation induction, as well as dynamic changes to smooth muscle activity, metabolic competence, and luminal fluid accumulation during short-term infection with the enteropathogenic bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and yersinia enterocolitica. although few effects were seen upon yersinia infection, this system accurately modeled key aspects associated with salmonella enteritis ...	2016	26564721
complete genome sequence of a human-invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of the emerging sequence type 213 harboring a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid and a blacmy-2-carrying incf plasmid.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain 33676 was isolated in mexico city, mexico, from a patient with a systemic infection, and its complete genome sequence was determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. strain 33676 harbors an incf plasmid carrying the extended-spectrum cephalosporin gene blacmy-2 and a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid.	2015	26564044
survival analysis and microarray profiling identify cd40 as a candidate for the salmonella susceptibility locus, ity5.	the outcome of infection with salmonella typhimurium in mouse models of human typhoid fever is dependent upon a coordinated complex immune response. a panel of recombinant congenic strains (rcs) derived from reciprocal backcross of a/j and c57bl/6j mice was screened for their susceptibility to salmonella infection and two susceptibility loci, ity4 (immunity to typhimurium locus 4) and ity5, were identified. we validated ity5 in a genetic environment free of the impact of ity4 using a cross betwe ...	2017	26562079
rna-seq brings new insights to the intra-macrophage transcriptome of salmonella typhimurium.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is arguably the world's best-understood bacterial pathogen. however, crucial details about the genetic programs used by the bacterium to survive and replicate in macrophages have remained obscure because of the challenge of studying gene expression of intracellular pathogens during infection. here, we report the use of deep sequencing (rna-seq) to reveal the transcriptional architecture and gene activity of salmonella during infection of murine macrophages ...	2015	26561851
salmonella typhimurium in the australian egg industry: multidisciplinary approach to addressing the public health challenge and future directions.	in australia, numerous egg-related human salmonella typhimurium outbreaks have prompted significant interest among public health authorities and the egg industry to jointly address this human health concern. nationwide workshops on salmonella and eggs were conducted in australia for egg producers and regulatory authorities. state and national regulators represented primary production, communicable disease control, public health and food safety, and food standards australia and new zealand. all a ...	2017	26558802
plasma nanotextured polymeric lab-on-a-chip for highly efficient bacteria capture and lysis.	we describe the design, fabrication, and successful demonstration of a sample preparation module comprising bacteria cell capture and thermal lysis on-chip with potential applications in food sample pathogen analysis. plasma nanotexturing of the polymeric substrate allows increase of the surface area of the chip and the antibody binding capacity. three different anti-salmonella antibodies were directly and covalently linked to plasma treated chips without any additional linker chemistry or other ...	2016	26556673
the stringent response regulator dksa is required for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium growth in minimal medium, motility, biofilm formation, and intestinal colonization.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a facultative intracellular human and animal bacterial pathogen posing a major threat to public health worldwide. salmonella pathogenicity requires complex coordination of multiple physiological and virulence pathways. dksa is a conserved gram-negative regulator that belongs to a distinct group of transcription factors that bind directly to the rna polymerase secondary channel, potentiating the effect of the signaling molecule ppgpp during a stringent r ...	2015	26553464
antibacterial action against food-borne microorganisms and antioxidant activity of carvacrol-rich oil from lippia origanoides kunth.	lippia origanoides kunth from northeast brazil is a plant of pleasant odor used by local people as a food seasoning in substitution the oregano where its carvacrol-rich oil has showed significant antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.	2015	26552874
click chemistry applied to the synthesis of salmonella typhimurium o-antigen glycoconjugate vaccine on solid phase with sugar recycling.	a solid-phase conjugation method was developed and applied to the synthesis of an o-antigen based glycoconjugate vaccine against salmonella typhimurium, with crm197 as the carrier protein. copper-free click chemistry was used as the conjugation chemistry, after derivatizing the sugar and the protein components with alkyne and azido linkers, respectively. this chemistry has the advantage of not deactivating functional groups during the conjugation step, thereby allowing the recycling of unreacted ...	2015	26549104
distinct innate responses are induced by attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutants.	upon bacterial infection the host cells generate a wide variety of cytokines. genetic attenuation of bacterial physiological pathogens can be accomplished not only by disruption of normal bacterial processes, but also by the loss of the ability to redirect the host immune system. we examined nine attenuated salmonella typhimurium mutants for their ability to replicate as well as the cytokines produced after infection of bone marrow derived macrophages (bmdm). infection of bmdm with attenuated sa ...	2016	26546408
foodborne pathogens prevention and sensory attributes enhancement in processed cheese via flavoring with plant extracts.	cheese contaminations with foodborne bacterial pathogens, and their health outbreaks, are serious worldwide problems that could happen from diverse sources during cheese production or storage. plants, and their derivatives, were always regarded as the potential natural and safe antimicrobial alternatives for food preservation and improvement. the extracts from many plants, which are commonly used as spices and flavoring agents, were evaluated as antibacterial agents against serious foodborne pat ...	2015	26540146
salmonella typhimurium and salmonella sofia: growth in and persistence on eggs under production and retail conditions.	salmonellosis in australia has been linked to eggs and egg products with specific serotypes associated with outbreaks. we compared attachment to and survival on egg shells and growth in eggs of two salmonella serotypes, an egg outbreak associated salmonella typhimurium and a non-egg-associated salmonella enterica ssp. ii 1,4,12,27:b:[e,n,x] (s. sofia). experiments were conducted at combinations of 4, 15, 22, 37 and 42 °c. no significant differences occurred between the serotypes in maximum growt ...	2015	26539536
uv-heat treatments for the control of foodborne microbial pathogens in chicken broth.	this investigation established the process criteria for using uv-c light and mild heat (uv-h treatment) to inactivate 5-log10 cycles (performance criterion) of common foodborne pathogen populations, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus, when inoculated in chicken broth. to define the target microorganism and the proper uv-h treatment conditions (including uv dose, treatment time, and temperature) that would achieve the stated performance cri ...	2015	26539493
[safety evaluation of rare sugar syrup: single-dose oral toxicity in rats, reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, and acute non-effect level for diarrhea of a single dose in humans].	the safety of rare sugar syrup obtained from high-fructose corn syrup under slightly alkaline conditions was studied. mutagenicity of rare sugar syrup was assessed by a reverse mutation assay using salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli, and an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using chinese hamster lung cell line (chl/iu). no mutagenicity of rare sugar syrup was detected under these experimental conditions. oral administration of single dose (15,000 mg/kg) of rare sugar syrup to rats c ...	2015	26537651
administration of defined microbiota is protective in a murine salmonella infection model.	salmonella typhimurium is a major cause of diarrhea and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and perturbations of the gut microbiota are known to increase susceptibility to enteric infections. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a microbial ecosystem therapeutic (met-1) consisting of 33 bacterial strains, isolated from human stool and previously used to cure patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, could also protect against s. typhimurium diseas ...	2015	26531327
protective effect of moderate exercise for balb/c mice with salmonella typhimurium infection.	moderate exercise enhances resistance to pathogen-associated infections. however, its influence on intestinal iga levels and resistance to salmonella typhimurium in mice has not been reported. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of moderate exercise on bacterial resistance and the intestinal-iga response in a murine typhoid model. sedentary and exercised (under a protocol of moderate swimming) balb/c mice were orally infected with salmonella typhimurium and sacrificed on days 7 or 14 ...	2016	26528943
regulation of fucose and 1,2-propanediol utilization by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	after ingestion, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) encounters a densely populated, competitive environment in the gastrointestinal tract. to escape nutrient limitation caused by the intestinal microbiota, this pathogen has acquired specific metabolic traits to use compounds that are not metabolized by the commensal bacteria. for example, the utilization of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd), a product of the fermentation of l-fucose, which is present in foods of herbal origin and is ...	2015	26528264
the bacterial transcription termination factor rho coordinates mg(2+) homeostasis with translational signals.	the bacterial protein rho triggers transcription termination at the ends of many operons and when transcription and translation become uncoupled. in addition to these genome wide activities, rho implements regulation of specific genes by dictating whether rna polymerase terminates transcription within the 5' leader region or continues into the downstream coding region. here, we report that the mg(2+) channel gene cora in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, which was previously thought to be ...	2015	26523680
multi-parameter flow cytometry as a process analytical technology (pat) approach for the assessment of bacterial ghost production.	flow cytometry (fcm) is a tool for the analysis of single-cell properties in a cell suspension. in this contribution, we present an improved fcm method for the assessment of e-lysis in enterobacteriaceae. the result of the e-lysis process is empty bacterial envelopes-called bacterial ghosts (bgs)-that constitute potential products in the pharmaceutical field. bgs have reduced light scattering properties when compared with intact cells. in combination with viability information obtained from stai ...	2016	26521248
salmonella typhimurium suppresses tumor growth via the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β.	although strains of attenuated salmonella typhimurium and wild-type escherichia coli show similar tumor-targeting capacities, only s. typhimurium significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice. the aim of the present study was to examine bacteria-mediated immune responses by conducting comparative analyses of the cytokine profiles and immune cell populations within tumor tissues colonized by e. coli or attenuated salmonellae. ct26 tumor-bearing mice were treated with two different bacterial strai ...	2015	26516371
disease tolerance mediated by microbiome e. coli involves inflammasome and igf-1 signaling.	infections and inflammation can lead to cachexia and wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue by as yet poorly understood mechanisms. we observed that gut colonization of mice by a strain of escherichia coli prevents wasting triggered by infections or physical damage to the intestine. during intestinal infection with the pathogen salmonella typhimurium or pneumonic infection with burkholderia thailandensis, the presence of this e. coli did not alter changes in host metabolism, caloric uptake, o ...	2015	26516283
allelic variation contributes to bacterial host specificity.	understanding the molecular parameters that regulate cross-species transmission and host adaptation of potential pathogens is crucial to control emerging infectious disease. although microbial pathotype diversity is conventionally associated with gene gain or loss, the role of pathoadaptive nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nssnps) has not been systematically evaluated. here, our genome-wide analysis of core genes within salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genomes reveals a high ...	2015	26515720
arnt proteins that catalyze the glycosylation of lipopolysaccharide share common features with bacterial n-oligosaccharyltransferases.	arnt is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) to the lipid a moiety of the lipopolysaccharide. this is a critical modification enabling bacteria to resist killing by antimicrobial peptides. arnt is an integral inner membrane protein consisting of 13 predicted transmembrane helices and a large periplasmic c-terminal domain. we report here the identification of a functional motif with a canonical consensus sequence dexryax(5)mx(3)gxwx(9)yfekpx(4 ...	2016	26515403
amino acid substitutions in gyra affect quinolone susceptibility in salmonella typhimurium.	the prevalence of quinolone-resistant salmonella has become a public health concern. amino acid substitutions have generally been found within the quinolone resistance-determining region in subunit a of dna gyrase (gyra) of salmonella typhimurium. however, direct evidence of the contribution of these substitutions to quinolone resistance remains to be shown. to investigate the significance of amino acid substitutions in s. typhimurium gyra to quinolone resistance, we expressed recombinant wild-t ...	2016	26514939
multiplex pma-qpcr assay with internal amplification control for simultaneous detection of viable legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus in environmental waters.	pathogenic microorganisms are responsible for many infectious diseases, and pathogen monitoring is important and necessary for water quality control. this study for the first time explored a multiplex quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) technique combined with propidium monoazide (pma) to simultaneously detect viable legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus in one reaction from water samples. sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl) was applied to enhance the dead bac ...	2015	26512952
laboratory-acquired infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exposed by whole-genome sequencing.	despite advances in laboratory design, professional training, and workplace biosafety guidelines, laboratory-acquired infections continue to occur. effective tools are required to investigate cases and prevent future illness. here, we demonstrate the value of whole-genome sequencing as a tool for the identification and source attribution of laboratory-acquired salmonellosis.	2016	26511736
vaccination method affects immune response and bacterial growth but not protection in the salmonella typhimurium animal model of typhoid.	understanding immune responses elicited by vaccines, together with immune responses required for protection, is fundamental to designing effective vaccines and immunisation programs. this study examines the effects of the route of administration of a live attenuated vaccine on its interactions with, and stimulation of, the murine immune system as well as its ability to increase survival and provide protection from colonisation by a virulent challenge strain. we assess the effect of administratio ...	2015	26509599
transfer of the cloned salmonella spi-1 type iii secretion system and characterization of its expression mechanisms in gram negative bacteria in comparison with cloned spi-2.	cloned type iii secretion systems have much potential to be used for bacterial engineering purposes involving protein secretion and substrate translocation directly into eukaryotic cells. we have previously cloned the spi-1 and spi-2 type iii systems from the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome using plasmid r995 which can conveniently capture large genomic segments for transfer between bacterial strains. however, though expressed and functional in salmonella strains, cloned spi-1 was ...	2015	26505312
cell scale host-pathogen modeling: another branch in the evolution of constraint-based methods.	constraint-based models have become popular methods for systems biology as they enable the integration of complex, disparate datasets in a biologically cohesive framework that also supports the description of biological processes in terms of basic physicochemical constraints and relationships. the scope, scale, and application of genome scale models have grown from single cell bacteria to multi-cellular interaction modeling; host-pathogen modeling represents one of these examples at the current ...	2015	26500611
activation of inflammasome by attenuated salmonella typhimurium in bacteria-mediated cancer therapy.	escherichia coli and attenuated salmonella both naturally accumulate in a tumor mass, yet have distinct therapeutic efficacy: the e. coli k-12 strain (mg1655) cannot induce as significant a tumor suppression as attenuated salmonella typhimurium, despite similar levels of accumulation in the tumor. to elucidate the mechanism of the robust antitumor effect of s. typhimurium, the cytokine profiles elicited by bacterial colonization in tumors were analyzed. c57bl/6 mice bearing mc38 tumors were inje ...	2015	26500022
antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of melaleuca cajuputi extract.	the threat posed by drug-resistant pathogens has resulted in the increasing momentum in research and development for effective alternative medications. the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phytochemical extracts makes them attractive alternative complementary medicines. therefore, this study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of melaleuca cajuputi flower and leaf (gf and gl, respectively) extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.	2015	26497742
adjuvant treatment with tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r reduces recurrence and increases survival after liver metastasis resection in an orthotopic nude mouse model.	colon cancer liver metastasis is often the lethal aspect of this disease. well-isolated metastases are candidates for surgical resection, but recurrence is common. better adjuvant treatment is therefore needed to reduce or prevent recurrence. in the present study, ht-29 human colon cancer cells expressing red fluorescent protein (rfp) were used to establish liver metastases in nude mice. mice with a single liver metastasis were randomized into bright-light surgery (bls) or the combination of bls ...	2015	26497690
influence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ssrb on colonization of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) as revealed by a promoter probe screen.	although salmonella has been isolated from 7.4 to 8.6% of domestic raw oysters, representing a significant risk for food-borne illness, little is known about the factors that influence their initial colonization by salmonella. this study tested the hypothesis that specific regulatory changes enable a portion of the invading salmonella population to colonize oysters. an in vivo promoter probe library screen identified 19 unique regions as regulated during colonization. the mutants in the nearest ...	2015	26497459
asparagine deprivation mediated by salmonella asparaginase causes suppression of activation-induced t cell metabolic reprogramming.	salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that induce immunosuppression by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. previously, we showed that a putative type ii l-asparaginase produced by salmonella typhimurium inhibits t cell responses and mediates virulence in a murine model of infection. here, we report that this putative l-asparaginase exhibits l-asparagine hydrolase activity required for salmonella typhimurium to inhibit t cells. we show that l-asparagine is a nutrient important for t cell activa ...	2016	26497246
enhanced antimicrobial effect of organic acid washing against foodborne pathogens on broccoli by vacuum impregnation.	this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of vacuum impregnation applied to the washing process for removal of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes from broccoli surfaces. broccoli was inoculated with the two foodborne pathogens and treated with simple dipping washing or with vacuum impregnation in 2% malic acid for 5, 10, 20, or 30 min. there were two methods of vacuum impregnation: continuous and intermittent. after 30 min of 101.3 kpa (=14.7 psi, simple dipping), 61.3 kpa ...	2016	26496412
synergism between carvacrol or thymol increases the antimicrobial efficacy of soy sauce with no sensory impact.	here, we examined the antimicrobial effects of soy sauce containing essential oils (eos) against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes at 22°c and 4°c. to screen a variety of combined effects, soy sauce was mixed with six different eos (carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-resorcylic acid, and vanillin), each at a concentration of 1mm for 10 min. none of the oils showed bactericidal activity when used alone. soy sauce combined with carvacrol ...	2016	26490647
novel active surface prepared by embedded functionalized clays in an acrylate coating.	the research on a self-decontaminating surface has received significant attention because of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces. in this study, a novel and simple technique for producing an active surface with antimicrobial functionality is demonstrated. a tethering platform was developed by grafting the biocide ampicillin (amp) to a nanoclay and dispersing the nanoclay in a uv-curable acrylate coating applied on polypropylene films as the substrate. a coupling agent, [3-(glycid ...	2015	26488557
stimulation of the drosophila immune system alters genome-wide nucleosome occupancy.	in eukaryotes, nucleosomes participate in all dna-templated events by regulating access to the underlying dna sequence. however, nucleosome dynamics during a genome response have not been well characterized [1,2]. we stimulated drosophila s2 cells with heat-killed gram-negative bacteria salmonella typhimurium, and mapped genome-wide nucleosome occupancy at high temporal resolution by mnase-seq using illumina hiseq 2500. we show widespread nucleosome occupancy change in s2 cells during the immune ...	2015	26484165
resolution and characterization of chemical steps in enzyme catalytic sequences by using low-temperature and time-resolved, full-spectrum epr spectroscopy in fluid cryosolvent and frozen solution systems.	approaches to the resolution and characterization of individual chemical steps in enzyme catalytic sequences, by using temperatures in the cryogenic range of 190-250 k, and kinetics measured by time-resolved, full-spectrum electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in fluid cryosolvent and frozen solution systems, are described. the preparation and performance of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase enzyme from salmonella typhimurium in the two systems exemplifies the bio ...	2015	26478482
the effect of recombinant human lactoferrin from the milk of transgenic cows on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.	lactoferrin (lf) is a multifunctional protein with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. given this beneficial effect, transgenic approaches have been used to produce lactoferrin. the aim of the current study was to investigate the in vivo effect of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) from the milk of transgenic cows on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) infection in mice. two hours before the infection with 0.3 ml at 2 × 10(5) cfu ml(-1) of st, each animal in the st + rhlf g ...	2016	26469086