Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of 210po alpha-particles versus x-rays on lethality in bovine endothelial cells. | alpha-radiation from polonium-210 ((210)po) can elevate background radiation dose by an order of magnitude in people consuming large quantities of meat and seafood, particularly caribou and reindeer. because up to 50% of the ingested (210)po body burden is initially found in the blood, a primary target for the short range alpha-particles is the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. this study examined the relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of (210)po alpha-particles versus 250 kvp x-r ... | 2003 | 12569014 |
| mitochondrial dna evidence for admixed origins of central siberian populations. | the yakuts of northeastern siberia are a turkic-speaking population of horse- and cattle-breeders surrounded by tungusic-speaking reindeer-herders and hunter-gatherers. archaeological and ethnohistorical data suggest that yakuts stem from a common ancestral population with the buryats living near lake baikal. to address this hypothesis, we obtained sequences of the first hypervariable segment (hv1) of the mitochondrial dna control region from yakuts and buryats and compared these with sequences ... | 2003 | 12567375 |
| individually coded telemetry: a tool for studying heart rate and behaviour in reindeer calves. | the aim of the study was to test the performance of a silver wire modified version of the coded telemetric heart rate monitor polar vantage nv (pvnv) and to measure heart rate (hr) in a group of captive reindeer calves during different behaviour. the technical performance of pvnv hr monitors was tested in cold conditions (-30 degrees c) using a pulse generator and the correlation between generated pulse and pvnv values was high (r=0.9957). the accuracy was tested by comparing the hr obtained wit ... | 2002 | 12564543 |
| medetomidine-ketamine in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): effective immobilization by hand- and dart-administered injection. | twelve reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were immobilized by hand injection in indoor stalls with established optimal hand-injection doses of medetomidine-ketamine and then moved to outside paddocks where they were immobilized again with the same dose by dart. the reindeer in paddocks were immobilized a second time with a 50% higher dose, hereafter referred to as the optimal darting dose. mean time to first sign of sedation was longer and mean induction time was significantly longer (55% and ... | 2002 | 12564542 |
| iodine content of traditional greenlandic food items and tap water in east and west greenland. | the iodine intake level is important for the occurrence of thyroid disorders in a population. the iodine intake in greenland has been proposed to be more than ten times the recommended level. however, no measurements have been performed to determine the iodine content of greenlandic food items, drinking water, and beverages available in east and west greenland. | 2002 | 12546191 |
| naturally acquired babesiosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) herd in great britain. | a provisional diagnosis of babesiosis was made in a reindeer herd in scotland when seven animals died during 1997 and 1998. additional clinical cases occurred, but the animals recovered after treatment. thirty-one reindeer from the herd were tested for the prevalence of exposure to babesia by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using a bovine isolate of babesia divergens that had been passaged through gerbils. infection rates were determined by giemsa-stained blood smears. in addition, molecu ... | 2003 | 12541061 |
| echinococcus granulosus in finland. | echinococcus granulosus is shown to occur in eastern finland in a sylvatic cycle involving wolves (canis lupus) as the definitive host and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and probably also elk (alces alces) and the wild forest reindeer (rangifer tarandus fennicus) as intermediate hosts. even though the prevalence of e. granulosus in reindeer has increased in recent years, it is still very low (<0.013%). the results suggest, however, that the reindeer is a good sentinel animal to show the c ... | 2003 | 12531293 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a moose in norway. | a case of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a young adult moose (alces alces) from telemark county, southeastern norway, is described. the moose was found by bird hunters during january, displaying signs of severe posterior paresis. it was killed and submitted for autopsy. the carcass was emaciated, and there were skin excoriations and subcutaneous edema over both metacarpi. histopathologic examination revealed traumatic malacia throughout the spinal cord and meningeal accumulations of mononuclear i ... | 2002 | 12528451 |
| molecular identification and prevalence of dictyocaulus spp. (trichostrongyloidea: dictyocaulidae) in swedish semi-domestic and free-living cervids. | lungs of 102 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 136 moose (alces alces), 68 fallow deer (dama dama), and six red deer (cervus elaphus) were examined during hunting seasons from 16 september 1997 to 1 march 2000. the aim was to determine the species composition and prevalence of dictyocaulus lungworms in these hosts in sweden. worms were identified following polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal dna (its2), followed by hybridization with four s ... | 2002 | 12528445 |
| impact of the environment on the mammalian corneal epithelium. | to evaluate whether the content of ascorbic acid in the corneal epithelium and aqueous humor reflects seasonal fluctuations in parallel with environmental changes. | 2003 | 12506049 |
| screening for chronic wasting disease in caribou in northern quebec. | 2002 | 12497968 | |
| do reindeer and children know something that we don't? pediatric inpatients' belief in santa claus. | 2002 | 12473618 | |
| transplacental toxoplasmosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus) fetus. | toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed in a full term stillborn reindeer (rangifer tarandus) fetus. the fetus had encephalitis and placentitis associated with t. gondii. tissue cysts were identified histologically in sections of brain and tachyzoites were present in placenta and the myocardium. protozoa in the brain, heart, and placenta stained positively with t. gondii antibodies, but not with neospora caninum antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. the dam of the fetus had a 1:12,800 tit ... | 2002 | 12446098 |
| inpatient hospital care for back disorders in relation to industry and occupation in finland. | the variation in hospital admission rates was studied for back disorders by industry and occupational title among gainfully employed finns. | 2002 | 12432983 |
| synchronization of animal population dynamics by large-scale climate. | the hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. the dynamics of many species throughout the northern hemisphere are influenced by a single large-scale climate system, the north atlantic oscillation (nao), which exerts highly correlated regional effects on local w ... | 2002 | 12432390 |
| brucella vaccines in wildlife. | brucellosis has been known to exist in populations of wildlife since the early part of the 20th century. at the beginning of this century in the us, brucella abortus is a problem in elk and bison in the greater yellowstone area, b. suis is prevalent in millions of feral swine in most of the southern states, and caribou/reindeer in alaska are infected with b. suis biovar 4. brucellosis has been virtually eliminated in domestic livestock in the us after decades of expensive governmental disease pr ... | 2002 | 12414169 |
| serological differentiation of brucella-vaccinated and -infected domesticated animals by the agar gel immunodiffusion test using brucella polysaccharide in mongolia. | to investigate brucella infection in cattle, sheep, goat, reindeer and yak in mongolia, serological reactions of brucella-infected and -vaccinated domestic animals were compared by the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test with a polysaccharide (poly-b) of the b. abortus strain s-19. the sensitivity and specificity were compared with conventional serological tests that are commonly used in mongolia, such as the rose bengal test, the tube agglutination test and the compliment fixation test. a tota ... | 2002 | 12399611 |
| a review of mutual transmission of important infectious diseases between livestock and wildlife in europe. | oral vaccination of red foxes against rabies has been practiced in europe since 1978 and has succeeded in greatly reducing the occurrence of this disease in foxes: this is an example of coordinated activity against a disease that affects both wild and domestic animals as well as humans. some examples of diseases that affect both domestic and wild animals in europe are: classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild boars and domestic swine; myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease in domestic and ... | 2002 | 12381556 |
| serum insulin, glucose and lactate concentrations during 18-h fast in female reindeer. | we investigated whether secretion of insulin occurred in the absence of feeding in a ruminant. serum insulin, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured in three adult non-pregnant reindeer at hourly intervals during an 18-h fast (17:30-11:30 h) in october. mean serum insulin concentration was 39+/-3 micro/ml (range 2-100). the insulin profile of two animals was characterized by a nocturnal rise and an early morning trough, followed by a mid-morning rise. within the larger peaks, short-ter ... | 2002 | 12381382 |
| human impacts on the tundra-taiga zone dynamics: the case of the russian lesotundra. | the tundra-taiga zone is considered not only as a natural ecotone, but as a unique fringe zone with socioeconomic peculiarities. this holistic approach enables us to analyze several significant types of human impacts (industrial impacts and those associated with renewable resources development, including traditional reindeer herding and human settlements) and their role in the displacement of the lesotundra zone. in russia, there is much evidence of deforestation and ecosystem degradation in dif ... | 2002 | 12374057 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to salmonella spp in semidomesticated reindeer in norway, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an indirect elisa was developed as a possible tool to detect the seroprevalence of antibodies to salmonella spp in semidomesticated reindeer. to cover a broad spectrum of serogroups a lipopolysaccharide mix of s. typhimurium and s. choleraesuis was used as antigen in this pilot study. sera from 31 culture-negative reindeer with no clinical or historical evidence of salmonellosis were used as negative serum control. after immunisation with an inactivated s. typhimurium vaccine, pooled sera from 6 ... | 2002 | 12357671 |
| isolation and identification of a novel satellite dna family highly conserved in several cervidae species. | in an attempt to amplify cervid satellite ii dna from the genomes of indian muntjac and chinese muntjac, a pair of primers derived from the white tailed deer satellite ii dna clone (ovdii) yielded a prominent approximately 1 kb polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product (in addition to the expected 0.7 kb satellite ii dna fragments) in both species. the approximately 1 kb products were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed by southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). this revealed ... | 2002 | 12355207 |
| [cationic hydrogen exchanges in the reticulo-rumen and their significance in ruminants]. | up-to-date experimental results on mechanisms and physiological significance of mineral cations absorption in the reticulo-rumen of ruminants are observed in the review. up to 90% of sodium, 100% of potassium and calcium and about 30-60% of magnesium pass across epithelium of the reticulo-rumen of domestic ruminants by electroneitral way through cation per hydrogen exchanges. in wild ruminant (reindeer) the item for sodium is up to 100%. intracellular hydrogen ions are available due to carbonic ... | 2002 | 12298153 |
| microsatellite dna evidence for genetic drift and philopatry in svalbard reindeer. | mainland populations of arctic reindeer and caribou rangifer tarandus often undergo extensive movements, whereas populations on islands tend to be isolated and sedentary. to characterize the genetic consequences of this difference, levels of genetic diversity and subdivision of svalbard reindeer (r. t. platyrhynchus) from two adjacent areas on nordenskjiöldland, spitsbergen were estimated using data from up to 14 microsatellites. the mean number of alleles per locus in svalbard reindeer was 2.4 ... | 2002 | 12296937 |
| serum antibody prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever viruses in seven wildlife species from alaska. | blood samples were collected from seven species of free-ranging ungulates in alaska. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to malignant catarrhal fever viruses (mcfv) by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibody prevalences were as follows: muskox (ovibos moschatus) 100 positive samples of 104 tested (96%); dall sheep (ovis dalli) 212 of 222 (95%); elk (cervus elaphus) 14 of 51 (27%); bison (bison bison) 34 of 197 (17%); caribou (rangifer tarandus) nine of 232 (4%); ... | 2002 | 12238366 |
| toxin types of clostridium perfringens isolated from free-ranging, semi-domesticated reindeer in norway. | samples of faeces were taken from 166 healthy domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from three flocks in different reindeer husbandry districts in northern norway and examined bacteriologically for the presence of clostridium perfringens. the organism was isolated from 98 (59 per cent) of the reindeer. the isolates were classified into c perfringens toxin types by pcr analysis specific for the genes encoding the four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and tau) and were subclassified ... | 2002 | 12211393 |
| efficient polymerase chain reaction detection of the second internal transcribed spacer of mucosa-derived larvae is dependent on the larval extraction method. | methods for estimating abundance of arrested gastrointestinal larvae in large mammal hosts by digestion of the gastrointestinal mucosa are well established. the effects of digestion on the success of species identification using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are, however, unknown. in this study, the relationship between numerical recovery of arrested larvae and the success of pcr-typing for the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal genes was characterized. fresh and prefrozen muc ... | 2002 | 12197140 |
| cancer risk in the reindeer breeding saami population of sweden, 1961-1997. | the saami people are the natives of northern scandinavia and the kola peninsula. in a cohort of 2033 swedish reindeer breeding saamis, the cancer risks between 1961 and 1997 were studied. in total, 193 cases of cancer were observed versus 322 expected in the general swedish population and 249 in a geographically matched reference population of non-saamis. in comparison to non-saamis living in the same area, the reindeer breeding saamis showed a statistically significant lower risk of developing ... | 2001 | 12188018 |
| the role of parasites in the dynamics of a reindeer population. | even though theoretical models show that parasites may regulate host population densities, few empirical studies have given support to this hypothesis. we present experimental and observational evidence for a host-parasite interaction where the parasite has sufficient impact on host population dynamics for regulation to occur. during a six year study of the svalbard reindeer and its parasitic gastrointestinal nematode ostertagia gruehneri we found that anthelminthic treatment in april-may increa ... | 2002 | 12184833 |
| wet belly in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in relation to body condition, body temperature and blood constituents. | wet belly, when the reindeer becomes wet over the lower parts of the thorax and abdomen, sometimes occurs in reindeer during feeding. in a feeding experiment, 11 out of 69 reindeer were affected by wet belly. the problem was first observed in 7 animals during a period of restricted feed intake. when the animals were then fed standard rations, 3 additional animals fed only silage, and 1 fed pellets and silage, became wet. four animals died and 1 had to be euthanized. to investigate why reindeer d ... | 2002 | 12173506 |
| cancer incidence among sami in northern finland, 1979-1998. | the sami population living in northern finland represents a specific genetic background and a way of life that is different from other finns. a cohort of 2,100 sami and 4,174 non-sami people from the 2 northernmost municipalities of finland on 31 december 1978 was identified from the national population register and followed up through the finnish cancer registry for cancer incidence during 1979-1998. there were 111 cancer cases among the sami, while the expected number based on the average canc ... | 2002 | 12115551 |
| reindeer bull introduction affects the onset of the breeding season. | reindeer are seasonally polyestrus, short day breeders, with estrous cycles of approximately 20 days in length. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of reindeer bull exposure on the onset of the reindeer cow breeding season and to investigate whether cows with calving experience responded differently than cows with no previous reproductive experience. during year 1, blood samples were collected weekly beginning 14 july and continuing until 15 september (n = 8) or 30 septemb ... | 2002 | 12106963 |
| blood lipids, fatty acids, diet and lifestyle parameters in adolescents from a region in northern norway with a high mortality from coronary heart disease. | students aged 13 and 14 y, in a region in northern norway with high blood cholesterol levels and high mortality from coronary heart disease (chd) in the adult population, were studied with respect to lifestyle, dietary habits, nutritional intake and blood lipids including fatty acids in serum. the students came from a coastal community with seawater fish as an important part of the traditional diet, and an inland community with meat from reindeer as a major constituent of the diet. | 2002 | 12080412 |
| the population dynamics of ostertagia gruehneri in reindeer: a model for the seasonal and intensity dependent variation in nematode fecundity. | the gastrointestinal nematode ostertagia gruehneri is a parasite of reindeer that can have a significant impact on host population dynamics. to gain a better understanding of the population dynamics of o. gruehneri, we parameterise a model for its fecundity that describes the observed seasonal and intensity dependent pattern of faecal egg counts well. the faecal egg count model is combined with a model for the seasonal faecal production rate of svalbard reindeer to obtain quantitative estimates ... | 2002 | 12076628 |
| morphology, cytochemical staining and ultrastructural characteristics of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) leukocytes. | peripheral blood smears from four adult reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were examined after staining with romanowsky's stain and cytochemical stains, including alpha-napthyl butyrate esterase (alpha-nbe), sudan black b (sbb), chloroacetate esterase (cae) and alkaline phosphatase (alp). romanowsky-stained eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes resembled those of cattle, sheep and goats. basophils had two different staining patterns with romanowsky's stain. basophils that we termed "grey ... | 1999 | 12075531 |
| reproductive success in reindeer males in a herd with varying sex ratio. | in polygynous species, male reproductive success is often correlated with dominance status of individual males and sex ratio in the population. reindeer, rangifer tarandus, is a polygynous species, and here we compared the variation in male reproductive success and dominance status during two successive years in a herd with a male:female sex ratio of 1:7 and 1:3. copulations were recorded, together with data on male dominance hierarchy and size of mating groups. male reproductive success was est ... | 2002 | 12074731 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium sp. isolated from northern alaskan caribou (rangifer tarandus). | cryptosporidium sp. was found in 3 out of 49 caribou (rangifer tarandus) from northern alaska. segments of both the 18s ribosomal rna and the heat shock protein genes were amplified from the caribou isolate and compared with that obtained from an isolate from a wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in virginia as well as other species and isolates available from genbank. analyses showed the white-tailed deer isolate to be identical with the c. parvum cattle genotype; however, the carib ... | 2002 | 12053974 |
| genotypically unique babesia spp. isolated from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the united states. | two morphologically dissimilar babesia spp. were cultured from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in placer county, calif. the smaller isolate, designated rd61, was morphologically similar to babesia odocoilei. serum from rd61-infected reindeer reacted equally strongly to b. odocoilei and rd61 parasites in the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene-sequence analysis showed 99.0% identity to that of b. odocoilei. the larger piroplasm, designated r ... | 2002 | 12049456 |
| effect of moderate wintertime undernutrition on fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | we studied the effect of moderate undernutrition on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues in reindeer calves (<1 year) between early winter and late spring. calves studied in early winter (december) had grazed on natural pastures and were in good condition, while the calves in spring (april) had been maintained on a negative energy balance since december, had lost approximately 16% of body weight and were in a moderate undernutritional state. the fatty acid composition of total lipids in ... | 2002 | 12020656 |
| campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, a common campylobacter species in reindeer. | to study the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in the faecal material of reindeer, and to identify the isolates by means of a polyphasic approach. in addition, to study the genetic diversity of camp. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis reindeer isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). | 2002 | 11966912 |
| conservation science. caribou study fuels debate on drilling in arctic refuge. | 2002 | 11964445 | |
| radioactive contamination in the arctic--sources, dose assessment and potential risks. | arctic residents, whose diets comprise a large proportion of traditional terrestrial and freshwater foodstuffs, have received the highest radiation exposures to artificial radionuclides in the arctic. doses to members of both the average population and selected indigenous population groups in the arctic depend on the rates of consumption of locally-derived terrestrial and freshwater foodstuffs, including reindeer/caribou meat, freshwater fish, goat cheese, berries, mushrooms and lamb. the vulner ... | 2002 | 11936613 |
| assessment of current exposure levels in different population groups of the kola peninsula. | activity concentrations of 137cs and 90sr in samples of vegetation and natural food products collected in the kola peninsula in 1998 and 1999 indicate a very slow decrease in contamination levels during the last decade, mainly due to the physical decay of the radionuclides. the activity concentrations of 137cs in reindeer meat decreased with a half-life of about 9 years. 137cs in lichen, moss and fungi is significantly higher than in natural vegetation (grasses) and agricultural plants (potatoes ... | 2002 | 11936611 |
| estimation of critical loads for radiocaesium in fennoscandia and northwest russia. | the application of the critical loads methodology for radioactive contamination of arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems, where natural and semi-natural food products are important components of the diet of many people, is proposed and discussed. the critical load is herein defined as the amount of radionuclide deposition necessary to produce radionuclide activity concentrations in food products exceeding intervention limits. the high transfer of radiocaesium to reindeer meat gives this product the l ... | 2002 | 11936608 |
| prey specialization may influence patterns of gene flow in wolves of the canadian northwest. | this study characterizes population genetic structure among grey wolves (canis lupus) in northwestern canada, and discusses potential physical and biological determinants of this structure. four hundred and ninety-one grey wolves, from nine regions in the yukon, northwest territories and british columbia, were genotyped using nine microsatellite loci. results indicate that wolf gene flow is reduced significantly across the mackenzie river, most likely due to the north-south migration patterns of ... | 2001 | 11903892 |
| effect of antiandrogen cyproterone acetate on the development of the antler cycle in southern pudu (pudu puda). | the antler cycle of pudu is similar to other cervids, but unlike most boreal deer, male southern pudu (pudu puda) exhibits two seasonal peaks of lh and testosterone. in that respect, pudu is similar to roe deer. whereas the antler cycle in some deer species, such as roe deer or white-tailed deer, is very sensitive to variation of testosterone, in other cervids, such as fallow deer or reindeer, a blockade of androgens with cyproterone acetate (ca) has little or no effect on the timing of the antl ... | 2002 | 11857473 |
| human absorption and retention of polonium-210 from caribou meat. | the gastrointestinal (gi) absorption factors and the biological retention times for polonium were determined for a group of 14 volunteers--seven men and seven women--from saskatoon, saskatchewan, canada. each volunteer consumed 2.0 kg of caribou meat containing known amounts of naturally occurring 210po. urine and faecal samples were collected for up to 65 days after meat consumption and analysed for 210po. the average gi absorption factor for the 14 volunteers was 56 +/- 4% (range = 31-71%), no ... | 2001 | 11843339 |
| [retrospective estimate of the individual history of life in population studies on mammals]. | analysis of the recording structures in mammals, such as dentine, cementum, or bone tissue, makes it possible to estimate the parameters of individual history of life: age at the moment of death, seasons of death and birth, growth rate, age of sexual maturation, etc. using the reindeer (rangifer tarandus) as an example, it has been shown what specific life features essential for population studies may be estimated when only mandibles with teeth are available. | 2001 | 11785257 |
| bone morphogenetic protein 3b expressing reindeer antler. | a cdna sequence of bone morphogenetic protein 3b (bmp-3b) of reindeer antler was produced with degenerative homology primers in polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an in situ hybridization study of bmp-3b mrna in 1-month-old antler showed expression in most differentiated cells in the antler center. in addition, the bone-inductive capacity of the reindeer antler matrix was evaluated. decalcified and powdered antler matrix of different stages of antler maturity was implanted in gelatin capsules unde ... | 2002 | 11745540 |
| plasma urea, creatinine, and urea: creatinine ratio in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and in svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during defined feeding conditions and in the field. | variation in plasma urea and creatinine concentration and plasma urea:creatinine ratio (u:c) were studied in semidomestic free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) on the norwegian mainland, in wild svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), and in captive reindeer maintained either on a lichen-based diet or a protein-rich concentrate to investigate whether these parameters could be used as indicators of the nutritional status of reindeer. in the mainland animals, plasma creat ... | 2001 | 11731982 |
| effect of origin of radiocaesium on the transfer from fallout to reindeer meat. | data on radiocaesium contamination of reindeer from five regions in sweden have been used, together with interpolated radiocaesium deposition data, to quantify spatial variation in transfer to reindeer meat and to consider how it changes with time in different areas. since the regions were contaminated to different extents by global and chernobyl fallout, it was also possible to determine the influence of the origin or age of radiocaesium fallout on the transfer to reindeer meat. the regions dif ... | 2001 | 11669265 |
| parapoxvirus infection in norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | 2001 | 11601519 | |
| dna evidence that marshallagia marshalli ransom, 1907 and m. occidentalis ransom, 1907 (nematoda: ostertagiinae) from svalbard reindeer are conspecific. | the gastro-intestinal parasitic nematodes of ruminants marshallagia marshalli and m. occidentalis are morphs of a single species according to indirect evidence. in this study, their taxonomic status and molecular identification were assessed more directly in isolates from the abomasal nematode community of svalbard reindeer using genetic data. dna sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal rna genes were obtained from individual nematodes by the polymeras ... | 2001 | 11586078 |
| the marking of livestock in traditional pastoral societies. | the marking of animals has been practised in all pastoral systems since time immemorial. using a series of examples representative of the major pastoral civilisations of the world, the author presents the techniques used (branding and ear incisions, either separately or in combination). in the light of the characteristics common to pastoral societies, the following points are analysed: a) the manner in which the marks used by these societies have been conserved or modified in the course of verti ... | 2001 | 11548519 |
| seasonal and long-term variations in 137cs among adults from swedish hunter families. | to study seasonal variations in 137cs, whole-body content measurements of adults from swedish hunter families have been performed in autumn 1997 and spring 1998. measurements were performed in three locations, by, harbo and gävle, geographically close (within 100 km of each other) but with large differences in ground deposition levels. the hunter families at these three locations were previously measured in 1994. the measured persons were also asked for their frequency of intake of moose, roe-de ... | 2001 | 11548326 |
| basal metabolic adaptation of the evenki reindeer herders of central siberia. | previous research has suggested that basal metabolic rates (bmrs of indigenous circumpolar populations are elevated, perhaps as an adaptation to chronic, severe cold stress. this study examines variation in bmr among indigenous (evenki) and nonindigenous (russian immigrant) populations living in central siberia to determine: 1) whether the evenki show evidence of increased metabolic rates, and 2) whether the metabolic responses of the evenki are different from those of the recent russian migrant ... | 2000 | 11534006 |
| traditional foods in the diet of chukotka natives. | during several medical expeditions the recipes and technology of traditional foods of the indigenous population of chukotka have been collected. traditional foods are important sources of fat, protein and essential nutrients. the traditional diet of chukotka natives consists of caribou meat, marine animals and fish, depending on the place of residence. all meat products or fish are eaten with local plants: roots, green leaves, berries or seaweed. local foods are usually eaten raw frozen and dipp ... | 2001 | 11507962 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| cadmium in caribou (rangifer tarandus) kidneys: speciation, effects of preparation and toxicokinetics. | caribou kidney is a major source of cadmium (cd) in the traditional diets of many aboriginal communities in the arctic. in order to characterize the risk of cd exposure, we studied the speciation of cd in caribou kidneys and how, it can be affected by food preparation. cd in caribou kidneys was bound to metallothionein (mt) (40%) high molecular weight proteins (50-500 kda) (30%) and existed as free ions (10%). there was no change in cd concentrations after the samples were baked at 350 degrees c ... | 2001 | 11469316 |
| hearing in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | the audiogram of two yearling male reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were determined using a conditioned suppression/avoidance procedure. during testing, the animal was drinking from a metal bowl while pure tone signals were played at random intervals and followed by an electric shock in the bowl. by breaking contact with the bowl at sound signals, the animal avoided the shock. the animals detected sounds at intensities of 60 db or less from 70 hz to 38 khz. the frequency range of best sensi ... | 2001 | 11467499 |
| contrasting regulation of fecundity in two abomasal nematodes of svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | stability of trichostrogylid populations indicates that some form of density-dependent regulation occurs which could act through fecundity. we present evidence for intraspecific density-dependent effects in 1 of 2, dominant, abomasal nematodes species (ostertagia gruehneri) of svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). we found evidence in o. gruehneri, for density-dependent regulation of female worm length in april, july and october 1999. however, it is only in july that female worm l ... | 2001 | 11444620 |
| muscle fibre growth in undernourished reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) during winter. | to study whether moderate under-nutrition causes muscle wasting, reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) calves were fed either pelleted reindeer feed ad libitum (n=8) or restricted amounts of lichens (n=8). the restricted amount was 60% of ad libitum intake of lichens, and the feeding period was 6 weeks preceded by a 2-week adjustment period. biopsy samples from the middle gluteal muscle (m. gluteus medius) for the analysis of fibre composition and area, as well as for the activity of cathepsi ... | 2001 | 11423319 |
| lactate-transport activity in rbcs of trained and untrained individuals from four racing species. | in red blood cells (rbc) of horses, both lactate-transport activity and lactate accumulation during races vary interindividually. to study whether similar variation in lactate transport is apparent also in rbcs of other racing species, blood samples were collected from 21 reindeer, 40 horses, 31 humans, and 38 dogs. total lactate-transport activity was measured at 10 and 30 mm concentrations, and the roles of the monocarboxylate-transporter (mct) and the inorganic anion-exchange transporter (ban ... | 2001 | 11404274 |
| occurrence of escherichia coli o157 in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | 2001 | 11394802 | |
| home range size and choice of management strategy for lynx in scandinavia. | annual and seasonal home ranges were calculated for 47 eurasian lynx in four scandinavian study sites (two in sweden and two in norway). the observed home ranges were the largest reported for the species, with study site averages ranging from 600 to 1,400 km2 for resident males and from 300 to 800 km2 for resident females. when home range sizes were compared to the size of protected areas (national parks and nature reserves) in scandinavia, it was concluded that very few protected areas containe ... | 2001 | 11393321 |
| a new lungworm in muskoxen: an exploration in arctic parasitology. | ruminants are vital elements of the holarctic ecosystem. little is known, however, of the structure or biology of their parasite fauna, particularly in north america. global warming, coupled with increasing human activity in the arctic, requires enhanced international interdisciplinary efforts to better understand the many factors, including parasites, that influence the population health of caribou, reindeer, muskoxen and wild sheep. the discovery of an unusual new genus of protostrongylid lung ... | 2001 | 11378034 |
| bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in lichen-caribou-wolf food chains of canada's central and western arctic. | while biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in aquatic food chains is well documented, there have been few investigations of the trophodynamics of pops in arctic terrestrial food chains. this study presents field-collected concentration data and corresponding fugacities of various hydrophobic organic chemicals (ranging in octanol-water partition coefficients or k(ow) from approximately 10(3.8) to 10(9)) in two lichen species (cladina rangiferina and cetraria nivalis), willow l ... | 2001 | 11347605 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the canadian arctic. | prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined in 147 barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from 5 herds in the northwest territories and nunavut, northern canada, by the modified agglutination test (mat). in the mainland herds (bluenose, bathurst, and beverly), antibodies were found in 43 (37%) of 117 caribou, and mat titers were 1:25 in 10, 1:50 in 24, and 1:500 in 9. in the island herds, only 1 (4.3%) of 23 animals sampled from the north baffin island herd was ... | 2001 | 11318582 |
| ceruloplasmin as an indicator of copper reserves in wild ruminants at high latitudes. | northern ungulates must establish trace mineral reserves when forage is available in spring and summer to sustain biochemical activities through the long winter. copper (cu), zinc (zn) and iron (fe) reserves were measured in the serum, digestive tract, liver, and kidney of six male caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) fed a complete pelleted ration. dry matter content and absolute amounts of cu, zn and fe were highest in the liver. digesta contents of cu and zn were greatest in the rumen but ... | 2001 | 11310884 |
| clinical evaluation of established optimal immobilizing doses of medetomidine-ketamine in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | to evaluate clinical effects and repeatability of clinical effects for an optimal immobilizing dose of a combination of medetomidine hydrochloride (med) and ketamine hydrochloride (ket) in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | 2001 | 11277207 |
| evaluation of the fluorescence polarization assay and comparison to other serological assays for detection of brucellosis in cervids. | the complement fixation test (cft), competitive enzyme immunoassay (celisa), indirect enzyme immunoassay (ielisa) and fluorescence polarization assay (fpa) were evaluated for the detection of antibodies to brucella abortus and brucella suis biotype 4 in caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), elk (cervus elapus), red deer (cervus elapus), and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). when combining the data the fpa and the celisa were determined to be the most suitable tests for serodiagnosis of cervi ... | 2001 | 11272484 |
| gastroenteritis associated with helicobacter-like organisms and rotavirus in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | 2001 | 11256285 | |
| [vigilance and fearfulness of reindeer: population differences]. | distances of detection and flight away of reindeer disturbed by approaching human on foot were used to compare reindeer alertness and vigilance. population differences depended on genetic origin (wild, feral, and tame reindeer) and hunting. no correlations of vigilance and alertness were found with presence of predators, sex composition of herds, and presence of newborns in herd. herd size affecting jointly with genetic origin or hunting had negative correlation with alertness. | 2001 | 11236593 |
| hydatidosis: dynamics of transmission. | hydatidosis is a widespread zoonosis infecting a large number of animals and humans. echinococcus granulosus has the smallest taenia adult of the cestodes but with the largest larva. its morphologic and biologic features were identified with dna analysis. different strains were separated according to the intermediate hosts: sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, camels. definitive host are canids, mostly dogs, where the worm grows to adulthood in several months. the eggs are scattered in the pasture by wi ... | 2001 | 11213154 |
| determination of optimal immobilizing doses of a medetomidine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride combination in captive reindeer. | to establish optimal immobilizing doses of medetomidine hydrochloride (med) with ketamine hydrochloride (ket) for hand- and dart-administered injections in captive reindeer. | 2001 | 11197548 |
| winter grazing of reindeer in woodland lichen pasture. effect of lichen availability on the condition of reindeer. | winter grazing of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer t. tarandus) was investigated at the woodland lichen pasture (lichen approximately 550kg dmha(-1)) in kaamanen, northern finland during the winter 1996-1997. nine female reindeer mainly dug their food in the snow for 122 days (3 december-4 april) in a fenced area of 36.3ha. over half of the fenced area was lichen dominated dry pine forest. the amount of lichens in lichen forest inside the fence was estimated before and after grazing. area of ... | 2001 | 11182304 |
| the effect of wintertime undernutrition on the fatty acid composition of leg bone marrow fats in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | we studied the effects of wintertime undernutrition on the fatty acid composition of bone marrow triacylglycerols (tags) of legs in freely-ranging reindeer calves (<1 year) and adult hinds by comparing reindeer in poor condition slaughtered in february with reindeer in good condition slaughtered in october. significant reductions were found in the proportions of the major monounsaturated fatty acid, or oleic acid, and in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in the femur tags of the undernourished ... | 2001 | 11163305 |
| dynamics of radionuclide concentrations in calcified tissues of reindeer in the western russian arctic. | the specific activities of artificial and natural nuclides were determined in bone and teeth of reindeer that had lived before, during, and after nuclear tests on the archipelago novaya zemlya and of reindeer from the nearby mainland region. in bone of reindeer from novaya zemlya, 90sr and 210pb are the main source of beta-activity, the 210po is the main source of the alpha activity. in bone of reindeer that lived on novaya zemlya during underground tests, the 90sr activity was relatively high ( ... | 2001 | 11142918 |
| analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in red deer, roe deer, and fallow deer -- possible employment in forensic applications. | dna microsatellites play a major role in population genetics, linkage mapping, and parentage studies of mammals. in addition, they may be used for forensic purposes, if an individual identification of a specific animal is necessary. therefore, we tested a variety of microsatellite polymorphism derived from reindeer (rangifer tarandus) by pcr and sequencing analysis for use in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama). twelve of these microsatellites we ... | 2001 | 11118746 |
| inadequate use of molecular hybridization to analyze dna in neanderthal fossils. | 2001 | 11115383 | |
| seasonal changes in heart rate and food intake in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | this study tested the hypothesis that the annual cycle in heart rate (hr) in reindeer is, at least in part, a consequence of seasonal fluctuation in voluntary-food intake. heart rate and daily dry matter voluntary-food intake (ddmvfi) were recorded in two captive female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from april 1995 to august 1996. heart rate was measured continuously in each animal for 20-24 h for 7 days each month using polar(r) sport testers (pst); ddmvfi was measured in each animal da ... | 2000 | 11114952 |
| use of moxidectin treatment in the investigation of abomasal nematodiasis in wild reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | an experiment was conducted to evaluate moxidectin as a tool for understanding the impact of parasitism on wild svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). adult females were injected subcutaneously with moxidectin at a dose rate of 0-4 mg/kg bodyweight, and groups of animals were culled within its expected period of efficacy (around 14 days) or around 12 or 24 weeks after treatment. moxidectin was effective in eliminating the reindeers' abomasal worm burdens, and although they became r ... | 2000 | 11104041 |
| flight distances of the reindeer. | 2000 | 11103337 | |
| the impact of chernobyl fallout on the southern saami reindeer herders of norway in 1996. | the reindeer-herding southern saamis, from central norway, were the population group exposed to the highest levels of radioactivity in norway, following the chernobyl accident. radiocesium whole-body contents and dietary habits have been investigated regularly in this population group since 1987. meat of semi-domesticated reindeer is important in their diet, and earlier studies have shown that contaminated reindeer meat contributes about 90% to the total intake of radiocesium. a major part of th ... | 2000 | 11089805 |
| panting in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | two winter-insulated norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were exposed to air temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 38 degrees c while standing at rest in a climatic chamber. the direction of airflow through nose and mouth, and the total and the nasal minute volumes, respectively, were determined during both closed- and open-mouth panting. the animals alternated between closed- and open-mouth panting, but the proportion of open-mouth panting increased with increasing heat load. the shifts f ... | 2000 | 11003983 |
| reindeer concerns. | 1999 | 10972118 | |
| abnormally phosphorylated protein tau in the cortex of aged individuals of various mammalian orders. | aged individuals of mammalian species displaying hyperphosphorylated tau protein may be suitable natural models for investigating neurodegenerative alterations occurring, for example, in alzheimer's disease. therefore, autoptic tissue from the entorhinal, motor and prefrontal cortices of 14 mammalian species was screened using the monoclonal antibody at8, which is directed against a phosphorylated epitope of human tau and applicable to the tissues of aged domestic animals, as shown in previous s ... | 2000 | 10965801 |
| direct visualization of the genomic distribution and organization of two cervid centromeric satellite dna families. | several repetitive dna fragments were generated from pcr amplifications of caribou dna using primer sequences derived from the white-tailed deer satellite ii dna clone ovdii. two fragments, designated rt-0.5 and rt-0.7, were sequenced and found to have 96% sequence similarity. these caribou clones also had 85% sequence similarity with ovdii. multiple-colored fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) studies with satellite i and satellite ii dna probes to caribou metaphase chromosomes and extende ... | 2000 | 10965121 |
| experimental trichinellosis in reindeer. | six female reindeer calves were inoculated intraruminally with various doses of trichinella muscle larvae. four calves were inoculated with t. nativa, receiving 15,000 (n = 1), 5,000 (1), and 2,500 (2) larvae each. two calves were inoculated with 5,000 t. spiralis larvae each. blood samples were collected twice per week for total white blood cell (wbc) and differential counts and for serology using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on t. spiralis excretory-secretory antigen. on day ... | 2000 | 10958453 |
| antigenic, phenotypic and molecular characterization confirms babesia odocoilei isolated from three cervids. | babesia isolates from an elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) and a caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) with fatal infections were compared to babesia odocoilei (engeling isolate) from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) by experimental infection, serologic, and small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene sequence analysis studies. both the indirect fluorescent antibody test and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated antigenic variation among the isolates. experimental infection studies showe ... | 2000 | 10941738 |
| functional anatomy of the omasum in high arctic svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the structure and fill of the omasum was investigated in summer and in winter in adult female reindeer living on the polar desert and tundra of the high arctic archipelago of svalbard and in sub-arctic mountain habitats in northern norway. the mean total mass of the omasum in non-lactating adult female svalbard reindeer was 467 g (0.65 g per 100 g live body mass (bm)) in september and 477 g (1.03 g per 100 g bm) in april. by contrast, the mean mass of the omasum in non-lactating adult reindeer i ... | 2000 | 10920474 |
| effects of immobilization with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole on blood chemistry of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) in autumn and late winter. | blood chemistry was studied in 8 adult female reindeer, of which 5 were pregnant. half of them received only medetomidine (150 micrograms/kg i.m.) and half of them medetomidine and atipamezole (750 micrograms/kg) in march. three weeks later the drug regimens were reversed. the same procedure was carried out during the next september and october. seasonal differences in pretreatment values could be seen in serum urea, phosphorous, and cholesterol, with the highest concentrations during the autumn ... | 1999 | 10918903 |
| identification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of marshallagia marshalli and ostertagia gruehneri from svalbard reindeer. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to identify two common abomasal nematodes marshallagia marshalli and ostertagia gruehneri of svalbard reindeer was developed. species-specific pcr primers were designed from internal transcribed spacer (its)-2 sequences of rdna and validated using morphologically identified adult male and female nematodes. using the species-specific primers, a 110 bp fragment was amplified from m. marshalli and its minor morph marshallagia occidentalis and a 149 bp fragmen ... | 2000 | 10899533 |
| effects of seasonal photoperiod on serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium in reindeer, rangifer tarandus tarandus. | in order to understand the effects of solar irradiance on calcium metabolism we measured serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and total calcium levels monthly in 6 female nonpregnant reindeer maintained in the oulu area (65 degrees n). mean monthly serum total calcium levels varied slightly and the highest levels were seen in october. serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were highest in october but the monthly variation was also slight. the small monthly variation of the analytes' abundance and the ... | 2000 | 10850005 |
| vitamin d in an ecological context. | although numerous investigations have been carried out concerning the occurrence of vitamin d (d2 and d3) and their provitamins in different foodstuffs, about the effects of vitamin d intake on the human body as well as the cellular effects of the physiologically active form of vitamin d, there are almost no studies on vitamin d in an ecological context. one source for vitamin d is fish. but fish cannot synthesize vitamin d, nor provitamin d. both originate at the beginning of the food chain, in ... | 2000 | 10850004 |
| reproduction in female reindeer. | reindeer are either wild or kept under very extensive farming systems. they are seasonal breeders, with mating coinciding with the decreasing photoperiod in the autumn, and with calving in the spring. little is known regarding the factors that influence reproduction in reindeer or of their reproductive physiology. studies carried out to date have mainly focused on issues related to the population dynamics of wild populations and semi-domestic herds, and to a limited extent on the reproductive ph ... | 2000 | 10844224 |
| serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in selected wildlife species from alaska. | blood was collected from selected wildlife species in specific areas of alaska (usa) during 1976-96. a modified agglutination test was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to toxoplasma gondii. serum antibody prevalence was 43% (62 positive of 143 tested) for black bears (ursus americanus), 9% (11/125) for wolves (canis lupus), 7% (22/319) for dall sheep (ovis dalli), 6% (14/241) for caribou (rangifer tarandus), 1% (3/240) for moose (alces alces), and 1% (2/241) for bison (bison bison). a ... | 2000 | 10813602 |
| genomic differentiation of neanderthals and anatomically modern man allows a fossil-dna-based classification of morphologically indistinguishable hominid bones. | southern blot hybridizations of genomic dna were introduced as a relatively simple fossil-dna-based approach to classify remains of neanderthals. when hybridized with genomic dna of either human or neanderthal origin, dna extracted from two neanderthal finds-the os parietale, from warendorf-neuwarendorf, germany, and a clavicula, from krapina, croatia-was shown to yield hybridization signals that differ by at least a factor of two compared to the signals obtained with the use of fossil dna of an ... | 2000 | 10788336 |
| dna evidence that ostertagia gruehneri and ostertagia arctica (nematoda: ostertagiinae) in reindeer from norway and svalbard are conspecific. | dna sequences of its-1 and its-2 of rdna were determined for 16 individual adult males each of ostertagia gruehneri and ostertagia arctica from svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and eurasian tundra reindeer (r. t. tarandus). each its was virtually identical in o. gruehneri and o. arctica and the three mixed bases detected were shared by both species. our results strongly suggest that o. gruehneri and o. arctica are dimorphic males of the same species. | 2000 | 10779581 |
| life-history strategies and population dynamics of abomasal nematodes in svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | the observation that the total abundance of adult nematodes in the abomasum of svalbard reindeer increases between october and april suggests adaptation to cope with the arctic winter. here we investigate the extent to which selection has led to similar life-history strategies in the 3 most numerous trichostrongyle species. the life-histories are found to differ markedly. we use flexible statistical models for the abundance and dispersion of parasites in the host population. one of the taxa, mar ... | 2000 | 10759088 |