Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genetic characterization and pathogenicity assessment of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory wild birds in 2011, south korea. | the continued spread of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus among wild birds and poultry has posed a potential threat to human public health. in the present study, we report the isolation of hpai h5n1 viruses (a/md/korea/w401/11 and a/md/korea/w404/11) from fecal samples of migratory birds. genetic and phlyogenetic analyses demonstrated that these viruses are genetically identical possessing gene segments from avian virus origin and showing highest sequence similarities (as hig ... | 2011 | 21782862 |
| epithelium-linked smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness in ferret tracheae exposed to acrolein. | the effects of acrolein exposure on tissue uptake and airway responses to substance p (sp) and nitroprusside (nip) were determined in excised ferret tracheae exposed for 60 min to a constant flow of air or 0.3 and 3.5 ppm acrolein-air mixtures. histological examination indicated that whereas the epithelium of an air-exposed trachea was intact with no apparent injury, acrolein-induced epithelium damage was more pronounced at 3.5 than at 0.3 ppm vapor concentration. the fractional uptake of acrole ... | 1996 | 21781701 |
| determination of axonal and dendritic orientation distributions within the developing cerebral cortex by diffusion tensor imaging. | as neurons of the developing brain form functional circuits, they undergo morphological differentiation. in immature cerebral cortex, radially-oriented cellular processes of undifferentiated neurons impede water diffusion parallel, but not perpendicular, to the pial surface, as measured via diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and give rise to water diffusion anisotropy. as the cerebral cortex matures, the loss of water diffusion anisotropy accompanies cellular morphological differenti ... | 2012 | 21768045 |
| cgrp induction in cystic fibrosis airways alters the submucosal gland progenitor cell niche in mice. | in cystic fibrosis (cf), a lack of functional cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) chloride channels causes defective secretion by submucosal glands (smgs), leading to persistent bacterial infection that damages airways and necessitates tissue repair. smgs are also important niches for slow-cycling progenitor cells (scpcs) in the proximal airways, which may be involved in disease-related airway repair. here, we report that calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) activates cftr-dependent ... | 2011 | 21765217 |
| a4ß2 neuronal nicotinic receptor positive allosteric modulation: an approach for improving the therapeutic index of a4ß2 nachr agonists in pain. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) function as ligand-gated ion channels activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. gene knockout and antisense studies coupled with pharmacological studies with nachr agonists have documented a role of a4ß2 nachr activation in analgesia. abt-594, for the first time, provided clinical validation to the nachr agonist pharmacology as a novel mechanism for treatment of pain. however, abt-594 was poorly tolerated at the efficacious doses, particularly wi ... | 2011 | 21763685 |
| influenza h5 hemagglutinin dna primes the antibody response elicited by the live attenuated influenza a/vietnam/1203/2004 vaccine in ferrets. | priming immunization plays a key role in protecting individuals or populations to influenza viruses that are novel to humans. to identify the most promising vaccine priming strategy, we have evaluated different prime-boost regimens using inactivated, dna and live attenuated vaccines in ferrets. live attenuated influenza a/vietnam/1203/2004 (h5n1) candidate vaccine (laiv, vn04 ca) primed ferrets efficiently while inactivated h5n1 vaccine could not prime the immune response in seronegative ferrets ... | 2011 | 21760928 |
| development of cortical orientation selectivity in the absence of visual experience with contour. | visual cortical neurons are selective for the orientation of lines, and the full development of this selectivity requires natural visual experience after eye opening. here we examined whether this selectivity develops without seeing lines and contours. juvenile ferrets were reared in a dark room and visually trained by being shown a movie of flickering, sparse spots. we found that despite the lack of contour visual experience, the cortical neurons of these ferrets developed strong orientation se ... | 2011 | 21753023 |
| interactions of oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses in a ferret model. | 2011 | 21751467 | |
| transmissibility of pandemic h1n1 and genetically related swine influenza viruses in ferrets. | 2011 | 21751464 | |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of the pandemic h1n1 2009-related influenza viruses in mice, ferrets, and pigs. | 2011 | 21751463 | |
| competitive transmissibility and fitness of oseltamivirsensitive and resistant pandemic influenza h1n1 viruses in ferrets. | 2011 | 21751461 | |
| improvement of the trivalent inactivated flu vaccine using papmv nanoparticles. | commercial seasonal flu vaccines induce production of antibodies directed mostly towards hemaglutinin (ha). because ha changes rapidly in the circulating virus, the protection remains partial. several conserved viral proteins, e.g., nucleocapsid (np) and matrix proteins (m1), are present in the vaccine, but are not immunogenic. to improve the protection provided by these vaccines, we used nanoparticles made of the coat protein of a plant virus (papaya mosaic virus; papmv) as an adjuvant. immuniz ... | 2011 | 21747909 |
| efficacy and safety of the combination imidacloprid 10 % / moxidectin 1.0 % spot-on (advocate(®) spot-on for small cats and ferrets) in the treatment of ear mite infection (otodectes cynotis) in ferrets. | in this study, the efficacy and safety of a treatment with the combination imidacloprid 10 %/ moxidectin 1.0 % spot-on (advocate(®) spot-on for small cats and ferrets) was tested in 39 ferrets naturally infested with ear mites (otodectes cynotis). the study was performed as a multicentre, non-randomised, non-controlled (all study animals were treated) and non-blinded clinical field study in two french veterinary practices. four visits (day (d) 0?=?inclusion and first treatment, d14?=?second trea ... | 2011 | 21739384 |
| delta inulin polysaccharide adjuvant enhances the ability of split-virion h5n1 vaccine to protect against lethal challenge in ferrets. | the reduced immunogenicity of the h5 hemagglutinin (ha), compared to seasonal ha serotypes, has stimulated searches for effective adjuvants to improve h5 vaccine efficacy. this study examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in ferrets immunized with a split-virion h5n1 vaccine combined with advax™, a novel delta inulin-based polysaccharide adjuvant technology that has previously demonstrated ability to augment humoral and cellular immunity to co-administered antigens. | 2011 | 21736913 |
| cryptococcus gattii chorioretinitis in a ferret. | bilateral exudative chorioretinitis was diagnosed in an 18-month-old male neutered ferret (mustela putorius furo) with a generalized cryptococcus gattii infection confirmed by pcr. the animal was referred to the ophthalmology service of the autonomous university of barcelona (vth-uab) for acute onset blindness. complete ophthalmic examination revealed absent menace response and dazzle reflex in both eyes (ou), as well as subretinal edema located in the tapetal fundus. at that time, the clinical ... | 2011 | 21733068 |
| compatibility of h9n2 avian influenza surface genes and 2009 pandemic h1n1 internal genes for transmission in the ferret model. | in 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza (ph1n1) virus caused the first influenza pandemic in 40 y. the virus was identified as a triple reassortant between avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, highlighting the importance of reassortment in the generation of viruses with pandemic potential. previously, we showed that a reassortant virus composed of wild-type avian h9n2 surface genes in a seasonal human h3n2 backbone could gain efficient respiratory droplet transmission in the ferret model. here we ... | 2011 | 21730147 |
| influenza virus-like particle can accommodate multiple subtypes of hemagglutinin and protect from multiple influenza types and subtypes. | despite existing vaccines and specific therapies, epidemics of seasonal influenza annually claim 200,000-500,000 lives worldwide. pandemic influenza represents an even greater threat, with numerous potentially pandemic viruses circulating in nature. development of multi-specific vaccines against multiple pandemic or seasonal strains is important for human health and the global economy. here we report a novel virus-like particle (vlp) platform that contains three hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes. this ... | 2011 | 21723354 |
| time course of classically conditioned purkinje cell response is determined by initial part of conditioned stimulus. | classical conditioning of a motor response such as eyeblink is associated with the development of a pause in cerebellar purkinje cell firing that is an important driver of the overt response. this conditioned purkinje cell response is adaptively timed and has a specific temporal profile that probably explains the time course of the overt behavior. it is generally assumed that the temporal properties of the conditioned purkinje cell response are determined by the temporal pattern of the parallel ... | 2011 | 21697357 |
| oral examination results in rescued ferrets: clinical findings. | ferrets have increased in popularity as pets, and a growing number are seen in companion animal practice. domestic ferrets are commonly used as animal models for research of human oral conditions. the present study evaluated the prevalence of oral pathology in rescued ferrets which - to the authors' knowledge - has not yet been described in the scientific literature. conscious oral examination was performed on 63 ferrets, of which 49 underwent general anesthesia for further examination. the most ... | 2011 | 21696122 |
| a recombinant hendra virus g glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal hendra virus challenge. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are two deadly zoonotic viruses for which no vaccines or therapeutics have yet been approved for human or livestock use. in 14 outbreaks since 1994 hev has been responsible for multiple fatalities in horses and humans, with all known human infections resulting from close contact with infected horses. a vaccine that prevents virus shedding in infected horses could interrupt the chain of transmission to humans and therefore prevent hev d ... | 2011 | 21689706 |
| contrast gain control in auditory cortex. | the auditory system must represent sounds with a wide range of statistical properties. one important property is the spectrotemporal contrast in the acoustic environment: the variation in sound pressure in each frequency band, relative to the mean pressure. we show that neurons in ferret auditory cortex rescale their gain to partially compensate for the spectrotemporal contrast of recent stimulation. when contrast is low, neurons increase their gain, becoming more sensitive to small changes in t ... | 2011 | 21689603 |
| enhanced immunogenicity, mortality protection, and reduced viral brain invasion by alum adjuvant with an h5n1 split-virion vaccine in the ferret. | pre-pandemic development of an inactivated, split-virion avian influenza vaccine is challenged by the lack of pre-existing immunity and the reduced immunogenicity of some h5 hemagglutinins compared to that of seasonal influenza vaccines. identification of an acceptable effective adjuvant is needed to improve immunogenicity of a split-virion avian influenza vaccine. | 2011 | 21687736 |
| denoising two-photon calcium imaging data. | two-photon calcium imaging is now an important tool for in vivo imaging of biological systems. by enabling neuronal population imaging with subcellular resolution, this modality offers an approach for gaining a fundamental understanding of brain anatomy and physiology. proper analysis of calcium imaging data requires denoising, that is separating the signal from complex physiological noise. to analyze two-photon brain imaging data, we present a signal plus colored noise model in which the signal ... | 2011 | 21687727 |
| live attenuated pandemic influenza vaccine: clinical studies on a/17/california/2009/38 (h1n1) and licensing of the russian-developed technology to who for pandemic influenza preparedness in developing countries. | in february 2009, nobilon granted the world health organization (who) a non-exclusive licence to develop, register, manufacture, use and sell seasonal a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) produced on embryonated chicken eggs. who was permitted to grant sub-licences to vaccine manufacturers in developing countries within the framework of its influenza vaccine technology transfer initiative. in parallel, the institute of experimental medicine (iem), russia, concluded an agreement wi ... | 2011 | 21684428 |
| extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction in two ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | this report describes extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in two ferrets, which were presented with anorexia, chronic weight loss and general weakness. physical examination revealed lethargy, cachexia, dehydration, abdominal pain and icterus. marked haematological, serum chemistry and urinalysis abnormalities included hyperbilirubinaemia (65…5 and 114…2 μmol/l), high concentrations of alanine transaminase (1327…53 and 2578…88 iu/l) and biluribinuria. abdominal ultrasonography revealed thicke ... | 2011 | 21671943 |
| combined ╬▒-tocopherol and ascorbic acid protects against smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia in ferrets. | many epidemiological studies show the benefit of fruits and vegetables on reducing risk of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in the united states. previously, we demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure (sm)-induced lung lesions in ferrets were prevented by a combination of low dose of ╬▓-carotene, ╬▒-tocopherol (at), and ascorbic acid (aa). however, the role of a combination of at and aa alone in the protective effect on lung carcinogenesis remains to be examined. in the present ... | 2011 | 21665318 |
| mouse models of cystic fibrosis: phenotypic analysis and research applications. | genetically modified mice have been studied for more than fifteen years as models of cystic fibrosis (cf). the large amount of experimental data generated illuminates the complex multi-organ pathology of cf and raises new questions relevant to human disease. cf mice have also been used to test experimental therapies prior to clinical trials. this review recapitulates the major phenotypic traits of cf mice and highlights important new findings including aberrant alveolar macrophages, bone and car ... | 2011 | 21658634 |
| gene and cell therapy for cystic fibrosis: from bench to bedside. | clinical trials in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients established proof-of-principle for transfer of the wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene to airway epithelial cells. however, the limited efficacy of gene transfer vectors as well as extra- and intracellular barriers have prevented the development of a gene therapy-based treatment for cf. here, we review the use of new viral and nonviral gene therapy vectors, as well as human artificial chromosomes, to overcome ... | 2011 | 21658631 |
| the first report of mycobacterium celatum isolation from domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and an overview of human infections in slovenia. | mycobacterium celatum, a slowly growing potentially pathogenic mycobacterium first described in humans, is regarded as an uncommon cause of human infection, though capable of inducing invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. according to some reports, a serious disease due to m. celatum may also occur in individuals with no apparent immunodeficiency. in animals, an m. celatum-related disease has been described in three cases only: twice in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) and once i ... | 2011 | 21647336 |
| pathogenesis of influenza a/h5n1 virus infection in ferrets differs between intranasal and intratracheal routes of inoculation. | most patients infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 virus develop severe pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome, with extrarespiratory disease as an uncommon complication. intranasal inoculation of ferrets with influenza a/h5n1 virus causes lesions in both the respiratory tract and extrarespiratory organs (primarily brain). however, the route of spread to extrarespiratory organs and the relative contribution of extrarespiratory disease to pathogenicity are la ... | 2011 | 21640972 |
| assessment of the efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | pandemic 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus (h1n1pdm) is different from contemporary seasonal human viruses in that it can cause infection deep in the lungs of critical care patients. here we establish a mammalian animal model and assessed the efficacy of the neuraminidase (na) inhibitor oseltamivir treatment against h1n1pdm virus infection. oseltamivir (25mg/kg/day twice daily for 5days) was orally administered to groups of ferrets, starting either 2 or 24h after inoculation with 10(6)pfu of a/calif ... | 2011 | 21635924 |
| improvement of h5n1 influenza vaccine viruses: influence of internal gene segments of avian and human origin on production and hemagglutinin content. | the h5n1-clade 1 influenza vaccine strain nibrg-14 produces exceptionally low amounts of antigen, a problem recently encountered also for initial pandemic h1n1-2009 vaccine seeds. here, we report on a strategy that may contribute to overcome this obstacle. influenza vaccine viruses usually consist of two segments coding for the antigenic ha and na proteins of a wild-type strain and the six residual internal gene segments of the vaccine donor strain a/pr/8/34 (pr8). to enhance the antigen yield f ... | 2011 | 21624413 |
| retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex. | the orientation map is a hallmark of primary visual cortex in higher mammals. it is not yet known how orientation maps develop, what function they have in visual processing and why some species lack them. here we advance the notion that quasi-periodic orientation maps are established by moiré interference of regularly spaced on- and off-center retinal ganglion cell mosaics. a key prediction of the theory is that the centers of iso-orientation domains must be arranged in a hexagonal lattice on th ... | 2011 | 21623365 |
| high frequency stimulation abolishes thalamic network oscillations: an electrophysiological and computational analysis. | deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the thalamus has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of epilepsy. to investigate the mechanism of action of thalamic dbs, we examined the effects of high frequency stimulation (hfs) on spindle oscillations in thalamic brain slices from ferrets. we recorded intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological activity in the nucleus reticularis thalami (nrt) and in thalamocortical relay (tc) neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus, stimulated the ... | 2011 | 21623007 |
| pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia and mediastinitis in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) associated with pseudomonas luteola infection. | between 2008 and 2009, three pet ferrets from different sources presented with acute episode of dyspnoea. cytological examination of pleural exudates revealed severe purulent inflammation with abundant clusters of rod-shaped microorganisms with a clear surrounding halo. treatment was ineffective and the ferrets died 2-5 days later. two ferrets were subjected to necropsy examination, which revealed pyothorax, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and multiple white nodules (1-2mm) in the lungs. microscopic ... | 2011 | 21601873 |
| ferret respiratory system: clinical anatomy, physiology, and disease. | the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets have several similarities to humans, and therefore have been used as a research model for respiratory function. this article describes the clinical anatomy and physiology, and common respiratory diseases of the ferret. | 2011 | 21601818 |
| ["snooping" analysts and the project of a rivalling journal. two little known aspects of the rank crisis (1924)]. | this paper details 1) the attempts of berlin analysts to ferret out information about rank's technique by interviewing one of his analysands, and 2) berlin plans to found a new journal called psychoanalytische klinik. | 2011 | 21598593 |
| developmental sculpting of dendritic morphology of layer 4 neurons in visual cortex: influence of retinal input. | dendritic morphology determines the kinds of input a neuron receives, having a profound impact on neural information processing. in the mammalian cerebral cortex, excitatory neurons have been ascribed to one of two main dendritic morphologies, either pyramidal or stellate, which differ mainly on the extent of the apical dendrite. developmental mechanisms regulating the emergence and refinement of dendritic morphologies have been studied for cortical pyramidal neurons, but little is known for spi ... | 2011 | 21593329 |
| comparative pathology in ferrets infected with h1n1 influenza a viruses isolated from different hosts. | virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza strain (a/california/4/09; ca09), a human seasonal influenza h1n1 isolate (a/new caledonia/20/99; ncal99), a classical swine influenza h1n1 isolate (a/swine/iowa/15/30; sw30), or an avian h1n1 isolate (a/mallard/mn/a108-2355/08; mal08) were compared. nasal wash virus titers were similar for ncal99 and sw30 with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) tcid(50)/ml and 10(5.5) tcid(50)/ml o ... | 2011 | 21593156 |
| increasing numbers of giardia (but not coccidian) infections in ferrets, 2002 to 2010. | 2011 | 21571856 | |
| working ferrets: forgotten and neglected? | 2011 | 21571853 | |
| binaural sensitivity changes between cortical on and off responses. | neurons exhibiting on and off responses with different frequency tuning have previously been described in the primary auditory cortex (a1) of anesthetized and awake animals, but it is unknown whether other tuning properties, including sensitivity to binaural localization cues, also differ between on and off responses. we measured the sensitivity of a1 neurons in anesthetized ferrets to 1) interaural level differences (ilds), using unmodulated broadband noise with varying ilds and average binaura ... | 2011 | 21562191 |
| luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons which are r-etrogradely labeled after peripheral fluoro-gold administration in the male ferret. | this study identified luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh)-producing neurons which have access to fenestrated capillaries in prepubertal male european ferrets. fluoro-gold was injected intraperitoneally to retrogradely label neurons with terminals outside the blood-brain barrier. lhrh neurons were identified by immunofluorescence using a secondary antibody tagged with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. cell bodies which demonstrated both tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate and fluoro-g ... | 1992 | 21554662 |
| a mathematical framework for estimating pathogen transmission fitness and inoculum size using data from a competitive mixtures animal model. | we present a method to measure the relative transmissibility ("transmission fitness") of one strain of a pathogen compared to another. the model is applied to data from "competitive mixtures" experiments in which animals are co-infected with a mixture of two strains. we observe the mixture in each animal over time and over multiple generations of transmission. we use data from influenza experiments in ferrets to demonstrate the approach. assessment of the relative transmissibility between two st ... | 2011 | 21552544 |
| environmental enrichment affects adrenocortical stress responses in the endangered black-footed ferret. | potential stressors of wildlife living in captivity, such as artificial living conditions and frequent human contact, may lead to a higher occurrence of disease and reduced reproductive function. one successful method used by wildlife managers to improve general well-being is the provision of environmental enrichment, which is the practice of providing animals under managed care with environmental stimuli. the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) is a highly-endangered carnivore species that w ... | 2011 | 21549121 |
| comparative biology of cystic fibrosis animal models. | animal models of human diseases are critical for dissecting mechanisms of pathophysiology and developing therapies. in the context of cystic fibrosis (cf), mouse models have been the dominant species by which to study cf disease processes in vivo for the past two decades. although much has been learned through these cf mouse models, limitations in the ability of this species to recapitulate spontaneous lung disease and several other organ abnormalities seen in cf humans have created a need for a ... | 2011 | 21547741 |
| measurement of fluid secretion from intact airway submucosal glands. | human airways are kept sterile by a mucosal innate defense system that includes mucus secretion. mucus is secreted in healthy upper airways primarily by submucosal glands and consists of defense molecules mixed with mucins, electrolytes, and water and is also a major component of sputum. mucus traps pathogens and mechanically removes them via mucociliary clearance while inhibiting their growth via molecular (e.g., lysozyme) and cellular (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) defenses. fluid secretion ... | 2011 | 21547728 |
| a new experimental infection model in ferrets based on aerosolised mycobacterium bovis. | there is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the european badger (meles meles). however, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under uk law) is problematic and not always possible. in this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. groups of ferrets were infected ... | 2011 | 21547237 |
| intranasal immunization of ferrets with commercial trivalent influenza vaccines formulated in a nanoemulsion-based adjuvant. | nb-1008 is a surfactant-stabilized soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsion (ne) adjuvant with influenza antigen incorporated into the ne by simple mixing. intranasal administration of the antigen with ne adjuvant efficiently produces both mucosal and serum antibody responses as well as a robust cellular th1 immune response. to demonstrate the adjuvant effect of the w(80)5ec ne, a killed commercial influenza vaccine for intramuscular administration (fluzone® or fluvirin®), were mixed with the w(80)5ec ... | 2011 | 21543588 |
| pulmonary pathology of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 virus (2009) infected ferrets upon longitudinal evaluation by computed tomography. | we investigated the development of pulmonary lesions in ferrets following infection with the 2009 pandemic a/h1n1 influenza virus by means of computed tomography (ct) and compared the scans with gross pathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ground-glass opacities observed by ct-scanning in all infected lungs corresponded to areas of alveolar edema at necropsy. these areas were most pronounced on day 3 and gradually decreased from day 4 to day 7 post-infection. this pilot study shows ... | 2011 | 21543558 |
| canine distemper matrix protein modulates particle infectivity, particle composition, and envelope distribution in polarized epithelial cells, and virulence. | in paramyxoviruses, the matrix (m) protein mediates the interaction between the envelope and internal proteins during particle assembly and egress. in measles virus (mev), m mutations such as in those found in sspe strains, and differences in vaccine and wild type m proteins can affect the strength of interaction with the envelope glycoproteins, assembly efficiency, and spread. however, the contribution of the m protein to virus replication and pathogenesis of the closely related canine distempe ... | 2011 | 21543493 |
| ferreting out stem cells from their niches. | over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that many tissues have regenerative capabilities. the challenge has been to find the stem cells or progenitors that are responsible for tissue renewal and repair. the revolution in technological advances that permit sophisticated spatial, temporal and kinetic analyses of stem cells has allowed stem cell hunters to ferret out where stem cells live, and to monitor when they come and go from these hiding places. | 2011 | 21540847 |
| migratory behavior of cells generated in ganglionic eminence cultures. | migration of cells is a common process that leads to the development and maturation of the vertebrate central nervous system (hatten, '99). the cerebral cortex consists of two basic neuronal types: excitatory and inhibitory. these cells arise in distinct areas and migrate into the cortex along different routes (pearlman et al., '98). inhibitory interneurons migrate tangentially from subcortical sources, mostly from different regions of the ganglionic eminences (gelman et al., '09; xu et al., '04 ... | 2011 | 21540821 |
| influenza virus aerosol exposure and analytical system for ferrets. | understanding the transmission ability of newly emerging influenza viruses is central to the development of public health preparedness and prevention strategies. animals are used to model influenza virus infection and transmission, but the routinely used intranasal inoculation of a liquid virus suspension does not reflect natural infection. we report the development of an inoculation method that delivers an influenza virus aerosol inoculum to ferrets and the characterization of size distribution ... | 2011 | 21536880 |
| spermatogenesis in ferret testis xenografts: a new model. | testis xenografting is both a promising tool to study spermatogenesis and a means to preserve the genetic information and reproductive potential of prepubertal male animals. the present study was conducted to evaluate this technique using testis tissue from domestic ferrets, an important biomedical model and a model for the conservation of small carnivore species. fresh testis tissue from 8-wk-old ferrets was implanted ectopically under the skin on the backs of castrated nude mice and subsequent ... | 2011 | 21535925 |
| restoration of fractured canines in ferrets after one-step root canal treatment. | this article describes a one-step root canal treatment and restoration of canine teeth in ferrets. standard brass posts were used for the reconstruction of the teeth. the procedures were performed by dentists according to all rules and procedures used in root canal treatment in humans. the teeth were immediately restored anatomically. the procedures were successfully performed in four ferrets aged between 6 and 20 months of age, in three upper and one lower canines. | 2011 | 21528724 |
| lack of transmission of a human influenza virus with avian receptor specificity between ferrets is not due to decreased virus shedding, but rather a lower infectivity in vivo. | influenza virus attaches to host cells by sialic acid (sa). human influenza viruses show preferential affinity for α2,6 linked sa whereas avian influenza viruses bind α2,3 linked sa. mutation of the haemagglutinin receptor binding site of a human h3n2 influenza a virus to switch binding to α2,3 sa did not abrogate infection of ferrets but prevented transmission even in a co-housed model. the mutant virus was shed from the noses of ferrets directly inoculated with virus in the same amounts and fo ... | 2011 | 21508186 |
| chronic continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) reduces airway reactivity in vivo in an allergen induced rabbit model of asthma. | previous studies have demonstrated that chronic mechanical strain produced by continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) reduces in vivo airway reactivity in rabbits and ferrets. for cpap to potentially have a therapeutic benefit for asthmatic subjects, the reduction in airway responsiveness would need to persist for 12-24 hours after its discontinuation, require application for only part of the day, and be effective in the presence of atopic airway inflammation. in the current study, airway res ... | 2011 | 21493723 |
| microbiology of animal bite wound infections. | the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. our review has focused on bite wound infections in ... | 2011 | 21482724 |
| effects of diltiazem and propafenone on the inactivation and recovery kinetics of fkv1.4 channel currents expressed in xenopus oocytes. | to investigate the effects of diltiazem, an l-type calcium channel blocker, and propafenone, a sodium channel blocker, on the inactivation and recovery kinetics of fkv1.4, a potassium channel that generates the cardiac transient outward potassium current. | 2011 | 21468083 |
| phosphorylation and transport in the na-k-2cl cotransporters, nkcc1 and nkcc2a, compared in hek-293 cells. | na-k-2cl cotransporters help determine cell composition and volume. nkcc1 is widely distributed whilst nkcc2 is only found in the kidney where it plays a vital role reabsorbing 20% of filtered nacl. nkcc2 regulation is poorly understood because of its restricted distribution and difficulties with its expression in mammalian cell cultures. here we compare phosphorylation of the n-termini of the cotransporters, measured with phospho-specific antibodies, with bumetanide-sensitive transport of k(+) ... | 2011 | 21464992 |
| a miniaturized assay for influenza neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies utilizing reverse genetics-derived antigens. | antibodies to neuraminidase (na) contribute to protection during influenza virus infection, but na inhibition (ni) titers are not routinely analyzed in vaccine trials. one reason is the cumbersome nature of the conventional thiobarbituric acid (tba) ni assay, which uses chemical methods to quantify free sialic acid following incubation of na with substrate in the presence of serum. in addition, the assay is complicated by the need to use virus of a hemagglutinin (ha) subtype novel to the host to ... | 2009 | 21462400 |
| maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a new zealand case study. | the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb; mycobacterium bovis) has a broad host range. the role of each animal species in spreading the disease depends on how transmission occurs, on the abundance of each host, and on the interactions between hosts. this paper explores differences in the roles individual host species can play in allowing m. bovis infection to persist and spread within a multi-species complex, using new zealand as a case study. in new zealand, four wild mammal species are ... | 2011 | 21458931 |
| animal models for influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission. | influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. the clinical effects of infection vary with the exposure history, age and immune status of the host, and also the virulence of the influenza strain. in humans, the virus is transmitted through either aerosol or contact-based transfer of infectious respiratory secretions. as is evidenced by most zoonotic influenza virus infec ... | 2010 | 21442033 |
| recovery from and clearance of rabies virus in a domestic ferret. | here we document the case of a domestic ferret (mustela putorius) that survived experimental inoculation with rabies virus of skunk origin. the ferret showed initial clinical signs of rabies (hindlimb paralysis) on day 81 after inoculation. the animal survived with paraplegia but otherwise was in an adequate nutritional state until the end of the observation period (pi day 181). at necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. microscopic lesions were found in sections of cerebrum and spinal cord. i ... | 2011 | 21439220 |
| dapsone inhibits il-8 secretion from human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with lps and resolves airway inflammation in the ferret. | abstract background: il-8 is an important activator and chemoattractant for neutrophils that is produced by normal human bronchial epithelial (nhbe) cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor-+¦b (nf-+¦b) p65 pathways. dapsone, a synthetic sulfone, is widely used to treat chronic neutrophil dermatoses. we investigated the effects of dapsone on polarized il-8 secretion from lps-stimulated nhbe cells, and further evaluated its ability to decrease lps-induced inflammat ... | 2011 | 21436242 |
| the reaction of ferrets to inoculation with h. pertussis. | 1938 | 21433774 | |
| whooping cough: observations on experimental infection in mice and on attempts at active immunization in mice and in ferrets. | 1938 | 21433762 | |
| streptococcus infection occurring in ferrets inoculated with human influenza virus. | 1935 | 21433668 | |
| comparison of the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and rats. | the aim of this study was to examine the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and compare them with those of rats. the ferret activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) was slightly longer than the rat aptt. in contrast, the ferret prothrombin time and thrombin time were profoundly shorter than the corresponding rat values. the fibrinogen level in ferret plasma was 2 times higher than that in rats. heparin prolonged all blood coagulation times in a concentration-dependent manner in both ferre ... | 2011 | 21427521 |
| β-cryptoxanthin supplementation prevents cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, oxidative damage, and squamous metaplasia in ferrets. | in epidemiologic studies, high intake of β-cryptoxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among current smokers. however, data are not available from well-controlled animal studies to examine the effects of β-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung lesions, and the biological mechanisms by which β-cryptoxanthin might affect lung carcinogenesis. we evaluated the effects of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation on cigarette smoke-induced squamous metaplasia, i ... | 2011 | 21421799 |
| learning stimulus intervals--adaptive timing of conditioned purkinje cell responses. | classical conditioning of motor responses, such as the eyeblink response, is an experimental model of associative learning and of adaptive timing of movements. a conditioned blink will have its maximum amplitude near the expected onset of the unconditioned blink-eliciting stimulus and it adapts to changes in the interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. previous studies have shown that an eyeblink conditioning protocol can make cerebellar purkinje cells learn to pause in respon ... | 2011 | 21416378 |
| webvision: the organization of the retina and visual system | the human visual system can detect and discriminate between an incredibly diverse assortment of stimuli that may be chromatic or achromatic, in motion or not, patterned or unpatterned, two-dimensional or three. remarkably, the neural end-product of visual stimuli impacting upon the retina is, in one sense, always the same. after the complexities of phototransduction, lateral interactions provided by horizontal and am ... | 1995 | 21413385 |
| ns1-mediated delay of type i interferon induction contributes to influenza a virulence in ferrets. | interference of the influenza a virus non-structural protein ns1 with type i interferon (ifn) signalling has been characterized extensively in vitro. to assess the contribution of ns1 to the virulence of a specific strain, we generated recombinant ussr/90/77 viruses bearing the ns1 proteins of the attenuated strain pr/8/34 or the highly pathogenic strain 1918 'spanish flu', all belonging to the h1n1 subtype. in vitro, the extent of interference with type i ifn production exerted by the different ... | 2011 | 21411677 |
| systemic dissemination of h5n1 influenza a viruses in ferrets and hamsters after direct intragastric inoculation. | although oral exposure to h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is a risk factor for infection in humans, it is unclear how oral exposure to these virus results in lethal respiratory infections. to address this issue, we inoculated ferrets and hamsters with two highly pathogenic h5n1 strains. these viruses, inoculated directly into the stomach, were isolated from the large intestine and the mesenteric lymph nodes within 1 day of inoculation and subsequently spread to multiple tissues, i ... | 2011 | 21411541 |
| a single base-pair change in 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin increases human receptor affinity and leads to efficient airborne viral transmission in ferrets. | the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus continues to circulate among the human population as the predominant h1n1 subtype. epidemiological studies and airborne transmission studies using the ferret model have shown that the transmission efficiency of 2009 h1n1 viruses is lower than that of previous seasonal strains and the 1918 pandemic h1n1 strain. we recently correlated this reduced transmission efficiency to the lower binding affinity of the 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin (ha) to a2?6 sialylated glycan rece ... | 2011 | 21407805 |
| mutations affecting the stability of the haemagglutinin molecule impair the immunogenicity of live attenuated h3n2 intranasal influenza vaccine candidates lacking ns1. | the isolation and cultivation of human influenza viruses in embryonated hen eggs or cell lines often leads to amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule. we found that the propagation of influenza a h3n2 viruses on vero cells may trigger the appearance of ha destabilising mutations, affecting viral resistance to low ph or high temperature treatment. two δns1 reassortants, containing the ha sequences identical to the original human h3n2 influenza virus isolates were constructed. ... | 2011 | 21406268 |
| activity-dependent disruption of intersublaminar spaces and abakan expression does not impact functional on and off organization in the ferret retinogeniculate system. | in the adult visual system, functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) within each eye project to discrete targets in the brain. in the ferret, rgcs encoding light increments or decrements project to independent on and off sublaminae within each eye-specific layer of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn). here we report a manipulation of retinal circuitry that alters rgc action potential firing patterns during development and eliminates the anatomical markers of segregated on and ... | 2011 | 21401945 |
| effect of receptor binding domain mutations on receptor binding and transmissibility of avian influenza h5n1 viruses. | although h5n1 influenza viruses have been responsible for hundreds of human infections, these avian influenza viruses have not fully adapted to the human host. the lack of sustained transmission in humans may be due, in part, to their avian-like receptor preference. here, we have introduced receptor binding domain mutations within the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of two h5n1 viruses and evaluated changes in receptor binding specificity by glycan microarray analysis. the impact of these mutations on r ... | 2011 | 21397290 |
| cryptococcus gattii infection in a spanish pet ferret (mustela putorius furo) and asymptomatic carriage in ferrets and humans from its environment. | a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented with lymphadenopathy and acute bilateral blindness. cytologic evaluation and biopsy of an affected lymph node revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis with intralesional yeast consistent with cryptococcus sp. subsequent studies demonstrated cryptococcus gattii serotype b vgi/aflp4 as the causative agent. the ferret was treated with fluconazole and prednisone. after one month of therapy, an improvement of the clinical symptoms was detected al ... | 2011 | 21395475 |
| risk for mycobacterium celatum infection from ferret. | 2011 | 21392459 | |
| subclinical brain injury caused by h5n1 influenza virus infection. | although h5n1 influenza a viruses can cause systemic infection, their neurotropism and long-term effects on the central nervous system (cns) are not fully understood. we assessed h5n1viral invasion of the cns and its long-term effects in a ferret model. an h5n1 virus caused nonsuppurative encephalitis, which lasted for 3 months without neurologic signs. further, another h5n1 virus caused nonsuppurative vasculitis with brain hemorrhage. three-dimensional analysis of viral distribution in the brai ... | 2011 | 21389133 |
| multiple genes contribute to the virulent phenotype observed in ferrets of an h5n1 influenza virus isolated from thailand in 2004. | human infections with highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses continue to occur in many parts of the world and pose a considerable public health threat. with the use of animal models, the identification of virulence determinants has been instrumental in improving our understanding of how these viruses cause severe disease in humans. two genetically similar h5n1 viruses (a/thailand/16/2004 and a/thailand/sp83/2004) exhibit high or low virulence phenotypes, respectively, in multiple animal ... | 2011 | 21388650 |
| clinical and pathologic features of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | clinical and pathologic features of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a 4-month-old ferret are reported. clinical signs including neurological symptoms appeared at 3 months of age and progressed rapidly. by magnetic resonance imaging, severe cerebral atrophy was recognized. histopathologically, there was severe neuronal loss and diffuse astrogliosis with macrophage accumulations; lesions were found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. intracytoplasmic pigments were observed in surviving neurons ... | 2011 | 21383119 |
| hormones of choice: the neuroendocrinology of partner preference in animals. | partner preference behavior can be viewed as the outcome of a set of hierarchical choices made by an individual in anticipation of mating. the first choice involves approaching a conspecific verses an individual of another species. as a rule, a conspecific is picked as a mating partner, but early life experiences can alter that outcome. within a species, an animal then has the choice between a member of the same sex or the opposite sex. the final choice is for a specific individual. this review ... | 2011 | 21377487 |
| physiological interpretation of inductance and low-resistance terms in four-element windkessel models: assessment by generalized sensitivity function analysis. | physiological relevance of parameters of three arterial models, denominated w4p, w4s and ivw, was assessed by computation of parameter-related generalized sensitivity functions (gsfs), which allow the definition of heart-cycle time intervals where the information content of experimental data, useful for estimation of each model parameter, is concentrated. the w4p and w4s are derived from the three-element windkessel by connecting an inductance, l, in parallel or in series, respectively, with aor ... | 2011 | 21377401 |
| development and characterization of lyophilized dna vaccine formulations. | the potential applications of using plasmid dna for immunization and other gene therapy approaches have been discussed in an increasing number of publications in the past few years. injection of mouse muscle with naked dna (plasmid dna in saline) resulted in significant episomal expression from a number of encoded reporter genes such as firefly luciferase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and β-galactosidase (1). dna vaccination has been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies against the gene ... | 2000 | 21374306 |
| effect of an asparagine-to-serine mutation at position 294 in neuraminidase on the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a virus. | like the histidine-to-tyrosine substitution at position 274 in neuraminidase (na h274y), an asparagine-to-serine mutation at position 294 in this protein (na n294s) confers oseltamivir resistance to highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a viruses. however, unlike viruses with the na h274y mutation, the properties of viruses possessing na n294s are not well understood. here, we assessed the effect of the na n294s substitution on the replication and pathogenicity of human h5n1 viruses and on the effica ... | 2011 | 21367898 |
| human tracheal gland cells in primary culture. | for several years, tracheal gland cells have been cultured from different animal species, such as the cat (1), cow (2), and ferret (3). there are dlffer ences, however, in the structure and function of the various animal airways, rendering it difficult to extrapolate to humans. in this chapter, the author describes techniques that facilitate the isolation and culture of tracheal gland cells from humans. these techniques allow high reproducibility, optimal cell isolation, and high phenotypic expr ... | 1996 | 21359745 |
| the nonhuman primate model for h. pylori infection. | helicobacter pylori establishes chronic infections in the human gastric mucosa that can last for decades, and that are a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (pud) and a risk factor for gastric cancer. the importance of h. pylori as a human pathogen has led to major efforts to understand its interactions with its human host, including the development and use of various animal models. several heterologous models have been developed, including: 1. gnotobiotic newborn piglets, which ar ... | 1997 | 21351038 |
| nonprimate animal models of h. pylori infection. | ever since the realization that helicobacter pylori was intimately associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans, there has been a need for a simple animal model in which modes of pathogenicity, transmission, immunization, and chemotherapeutic intervention can be evaluated. whereas small animals such as mice and rats are particularly well suited as experimental hosts for many infections, early studies suggested that h. pylori had a very narrow host range that di ... | 1997 | 21351037 |
| molecular characterization of a new species in the genus alphacoronavirus associated with mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis. | a coronavirus (cov) previously shown to be associated with catarrhal gastroenteritis in mink (mustela vison) was identified by electron microscopy in mink faeces from two fur farms in wisconsin and minnesota in 1998. a pan-coronavirus and a genus-specific rt-pcr assay were used initially to demonstrate that the newly discovered mink covs (mcovs) were members of the genus alphacoronavirus. subsequently, using a random rt-pcr approach, full-genomic sequences were generated that further confirmed t ... | 2011 | 21346029 |
| insertion of a multibasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin of human influenza h3n2 virus does not increase pathogenicity in ferrets. | a multibasic cleavage site (mbcs) in the haemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza a virus is a key determinant of pathogenicity in chickens, and distinguishes highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpai). an mbcs has only been detected in viruses of the h5 and h7 subtypes. here we investigated the phenotype of a human h3n2 virus with an mbcs in ha. insertion of an mbcs in the h3n2 virus resulted in cleavage of ha and efficient replication in ... | 2011 | 21346026 |
| efficacy of seasonal live attenuated influenza vaccine against virus replication and transmission of a pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus in ferrets. | in march 2009, a swine origin influenza a (2009 h1n1) virus was introduced into the human population and quickly spread from north america to multiple continents. human serologic studies suggest that seasonal influenza virus vaccination or infection would provide little cross-reactive serologic immunity to the pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus. however, the efficacy of seasonal influenza infection or vaccination against 2009 h1n1 virus replication and transmission has not been adequately evaluated in viv ... | 2011 | 21338676 |
| avian and human influenza a virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals. | influenza a viruses are capable of crossing the specific barrier between human beings and animals resulting in interspecies transmission. the important factor of potential infectivity of influenza a viruses is the suitability of the receptor binding site of the host and viruses. the affinities of avian and human influenza virus to bind with the receptors and the distributions of receptors in animals are different. | 2010 | 21337915 |
| application of a dense gas technique for sterilizing soft biomaterials. | sterilization of soft biomaterials such as hydrogels is challenging because existing methods such as gamma irradiation, steam sterilization, or ethylene oxide sterilization, while effective at achieving high sterility assurance levels (sal), may compromise their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. new methods that effectively sterilize soft biomaterials without compromising their properties are therefore required. in this report, a dense-carbon dioxide (co(2) )-based technique was u ... | 2011 | 21337339 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin ha1 subunit of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 virus and potential application to serodiagnosis. | in order to provide specific serological reagents for pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 virus, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to recombinant haemagglutinin component ha1 (rha1) were generated after fusing spleen cells from a mouse immunized with rha1 protein derived from influenza strain a/california/06/09 h1n1 with a mouse myeloma cell line. five hybridoma clones secreting mabs specific for the rha1 protein derived from pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 and not for rha1 from seasonal h1n1 influenza str ... | 2011 | 21328368 |
| olivocochlear efferent control in sound localization and experience-dependent learning. | efferent auditory pathways have been implicated in sound localization and its plasticity. we examined the role of the olivocochlear system (oc) in horizontal sound localization by the ferret and in localization learning following unilateral earplugging. under anesthesia, adult ferrets underwent olivocochlear bundle section at the floor of the fourth ventricle, either at the midline or laterally (left). lesioned and control animals were trained to localize 1 s and 40 ms amplitude-roved broadband ... | 2011 | 21325517 |
| a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (cobra) based h5n1 vlp vaccine elicits broadly reactive antibodies in mice and ferrets. | pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) of the h5n1 subtype are of particular concern because of the high mortality rate (60% case fatality rate) and novel subtype. in order to develop a vaccine that elicits broadly reactive antibody responses against emerging h5n1 isolates, we utilized a novel antigen design technique te ... | 2011 | 21320540 |
| asp3258, an orally active potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with low emetic activity. | we investigated the pharmacology of a novel phosphodiesterase (pde) 4 inhibitor, asp3258 (3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl] propanoic acid), comparing its potency with that of the most advanced pde4 inhibitors, roflumilast and cilomilast. pde4 inhibition by asp3258 (ic(50)=0.28nm) was as potent as that achieved with roflumilast. asp3258 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-a production in rat whole blood cells (ic(50)=8.8 ... | 2011 | 21315169 |