Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [lymphatic filariasis: a potentially eradicable disease] | the recent demonstration that single-dose ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, or a combination of these drugs can profoundly suppress wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi microfilaremia for periods of six months to two years has led to renewed hope that transmission can be interrupted and lymphatic filariasis eradicated. based in part on the availability of these new chemotherapeutic tools, the international task force for disease eradication recently identified lymphatic filariasis as one of the ... | 1997 | 10886894 |
| evaluation of the ict whole blood antigen card test to detect infection due to nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | the commercially available ict card test for bancroftian filariasis was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity in detecting microfilaria carriers among 189 individuals each in filariasis-endemic and nonendemic areas in south india, and compared to both conventional night blood finger prick thick blood smear examination and venous blood membrane filtration. though the specificity of the test was 100% in comparison to both, the sensitivity was 98.5% against the finger prick thick blood smea ... | 2000 | 10886800 |
| rapid assessment of the prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis in sierra leone. | 2000 | 10884875 | |
| [rational for morbidity management in bancroftian filariasis endemic areas]. | selection of the most appropriate therapy for the patient with bancroftian filariasis requires a knowledge of the diverse clinical characteristics of filarial disease and their pathogenesis. as a result of new diagnostic tests and clinical advances, our understanding of bancroftian filariasis has changed rapidly, as have our ideas about treatment. in the past, it was believed that elephantiasis was caused by an immunologic reaction of the host to the filarial parasite. from this perspective, ele ... | 2000 | 10881137 |
| effectiveness of annual ivermectin treatment for wuchereria bancrofti infection. | using estimates for the anthelmintic efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis patients, anton plaisier, wilma stolk, gerrit van oortmarssen and dik habbema here present and discuss model predictions of the impact of a five-year programme of annual community treatment on the intensity of infection. they show that the effectiveness of such programmes in terms of reductions in the microfilarial density depends critically on the treatment coverage and the patt ... | 2000 | 10858649 |
| wsp gene sequences from the wolbachia of filarial nematodes. | wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria are widespread in arthropods and are also present in filarial nematodes. almost all filarial species so far examined have been found to harbor these endosymbionts. the sequences of only three genes have been published for nematode wolbachia (i.e., the genes coding for the proteins ftsz and catalase and for 16s rrna). here we present the sequences of the genes coding for the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) from the endosymbionts of eight species of filaria. comple ... | 2000 | 10856373 |
| nodular breast filariasis: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration. | bancroftian filariasis is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes that most often causes lymphadenitis. this article reports on a breast nodule due to wuchereria bancrofti in a woman living in new caledonia. the diagnosis was done by fine needle aspiration, which showed several microfilariae and avoided surgical treatment. | 1996 | 10846575 |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in a foot-hill tea garden of upper assam. | 1999 | 10810604 | |
| surgical filariasis: immunoscreening for filarial igg antibodies using wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial excretory-secretory antigen. | a clinical study and immunoscreening was conducted on 363 suspected filarial patients attending the surgery out patient division of the mgims, sevegram. the disease was significantly higher in males (86%) than in females (14%). majority (52.9%) of the cases were in the age group of 11-30 years. the distribution of cases into three different grades of infection showed, 52.6%, 33.3% and 14.1% of the cases having acute (grade i), sub-acute (grade ii) and chronic (grade iii) stages of infection resp ... | 1999 | 10810584 |
| coexistence of carcinoma of the breast with microfilariasis. | 2000 | 10787151 | |
| evaluation of the igg4 in egyptian bancroftian filariasis. | the igg4 response against antigen extracts from wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and dirofilaria immitis adult worms was determined by elisa in 65 egyptian adult male patients suffering from different clinical manifestations of w. bancrofti infection. they were divided into microfilaremic (n-35) and amicrofilaremic (n = 30) and these divisions were subdivided into early asymptomatic, hydrocele and late chronic elephantiasis subgroups. the igg4 responses were significantly higher in early asymp ... | 2000 | 10786019 |
| estimation of different degrees of provocation by dec (diethyl carbamazine citrate) medication in bancroftian filariasis in vellore, tamilnadu. | dec in general has the power to bringout the filarial worms into the peripheral blood when administered. the provocative effect was observed in 86.8% of the mf positive cases. optimum provocative effect was noticed in the age group above 12 years and there was no influence on sex. the maximum effect of provocation was seen at 60 min after the administration 2 mg/kg body weight dec. the mf rate was high in the blood collected after the administration of dec during day time, than that during night ... | 1999 | 10783748 |
| wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes: a target for control? | 2000 | 10782070 | |
| a simple and rapid non-radioactive oligonucleotide based hybridization assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti. | five biotin labeled oligonucleotides was designed based on a previously cloned and characterized repetitive dna sequence specific for wuchereria bancrofti. the oligonucleotide mix (containing five probes) when used in a hybridization assay, detected as little as 100 pg of purified w. bancrofti, microfilarial dna, a single infective stage larva and a single microfilaria in 50 microl blood sample. a simple protocol was followed for the hybridization assay. blood samples lysed with sterile distille ... | 1999 | 10774708 |
| field trial of the ict filariasis for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in an endemic population of thailand. | the ict filariasis, a rapid card test format, which is based on qualitative detection by monoclonal antibody of the circulating antigen of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm, is a new diagnostic test of choice for determining the infections under field conditions. by using clinical and recall techniques and microscopy (thick smear and capillary tube technique) as reference, we assessed the efficiency of the ict card test in sera from 225 subjects living in w. bancrofti-endemic villages of tak provi ... | 1999 | 10774670 |
| mapping and estimating the population at risk from lymphatic filariasis in africa. | lymphatic filariasis remains a major public health problem in africa and is 1 of the world health organization's 6 diseases targeted for global eradication. however, no detailed maps of the geographical distribution of this disease exist, making it difficult to target control activities and quantify the population at risk. we hypothesized that the distribution lymphatic filariasis is governed by climate. the climate at sites in africa where surveys for lymphatic filariasis had taken place was ch ... | 2000 | 10748895 |
| diagnosis of microfilariae in testicular fine needle aspiration biopsy. | 2000 | 10740624 | |
| a 43-kda circulating filarial antigen fraction of wuchereria bancrofti in immunoprophylaxis against brugia malayi in jirds. | a 43 kilodaltan (kda) antigen fraction (cfa2-6) isolated from microfilaraemic plasma of bancroftian filarial patients showed selective reactivity with sera samples collected from endemic normals. antibodies raised against this antigen showed a strong reactivity with the surface of brugia malayi infective larvae as well as microfilariae. similar antigenic determinants were detected in the parasite extracts, but not in the excretory-secretory products. further analysis was done on the immunoprophy ... | 2000 | 10725691 |
| recovery of a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka. | a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, was recovered from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka for the first time. this infection represents only the second record of brugia in the human conjunctiva, and is clearly zoonotic, acquired from a dog. brugia ceylonensis has a distinct head bulb like that of wuchereria bancrofti and b. malayi. however, the parasite recovered was not w. bancrofti, as specific ifat and dna probes gave negative results, and b. malayi is believed to have been e ... | 2000 | 10723527 |
| apparent failure of ultrasonography to detect adult worms of brugia malayi. | adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti, or rather their characteristic movements (the 'filarial dance'), can now be detected in the scrotal lymphatics of microfilaraemic males, using ultrasonography. this ability has been used to delineate the lymphatic pathology of bancroftian filariasis, guide the surgical removal of the adult worms and, most importantly, assess the macrofilaricidal effects of antifilarial drugs. in the present study, the first report of the use of ultrasonography in brugian fila ... | 2000 | 10723526 |
| differential diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis using pcr-rflp. | filariasis is still a public health problem in tropical countries. the most common causative agents of human filariasis are wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. traditional methods used to detect filarial parasites in human, animal and vector populations are tedious, time consuming, and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. we have developed a rapid and specific method to detect filarial parasite dnas in blood and mosquito samples using the polymerase chain reaction ... | 2000 | 10722791 |
| variation in microfilariae and infective stages of two types of wuchereria bancrofti from the thai-myanmar border. | comparative morphometric and morphological studies of microfilariae and infective stages were undertaken in nocturnally periodic and subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti. for microfilariae, the body dimensions of nocturnally periodic (np) were significantly smaller than nocturnally subperiodic (nsp), i.e., body length 268.03+/-14.75 microm (np), 307.61+/-11.52 microm (nsp); cephalic space length 4.21+/-0.62 microm (np), 5.32+/-0.79 microm (nsp); head to nerve ring 49.39+/-5.43 microm (np), 57.40+/-4 ... | 1999 | 10722326 |
| bancroftian filariasis in a paediatric population: an ultrasonographic study. | little is known about lymphatic filariasis or the anatomical location of adult wuchereria bancrofti in children. seventy-eight children from greater recife, 23 microfilaria-positive and 55 microfilaria-negative in approximately 60 microl blood, underwent ultrasound examinations of the major superficial lymphatic vessels of the limbs, scrotal area (boys), and breast area (girls). the characteristic movements of adult worms, known as the filaria dance sign (fds), were detected in 11 (14.1%) childr ... | 1999 | 10717753 |
| a study on the provocative day test effect of ivermectin and albendazole on nocturnal periodic wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. | we conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, in the ahanta west district of ghana, on the provocative day test effect of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination on nocturnal periodic wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. sixty-three individuals with high night-time microfilaria (mf) intensities were identified in 1997 or 1998 and randomized into 4 groups. blood samples for mf were then collected from the same individuals in the daytime (between 09:00 and 15:00) im ... | 1999 | 10717746 |
| the wuchereria bancrofti orthologue of brugia malayi sxp1 and the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | the gene encoding the wuchereria bancrofti orthologue of the brugia malayi-derived diagnostic antigen sxp1 was identified from a w. bancrofti l3 cdna library and characterized. the wb-sxp-1 cdna encoded a basic protein with a calculated molecular mass of 20.8 kda. wb-sxp-1 was 85% identical to the sxp1 protein described from b. malayi (bm-sxp-1). the wb-sxp-1 sequence also showed significant identity with proteins described from b. pahangi, onchocerca volvulus, acanthochilonema vitea, ascaris su ... | 2000 | 10717303 |
| acute adenolymphangitis due to bancroftian filariasis in rufiji district, south east tanzania. | a longitudinal prospective surveillance for acute adenolymphagitis (adl) was carried out in three villages in rufiji district. a sample population of 3000 individuals aged 10 years and above was monitored fortnightly for a period of 12 months. the annual incidence of adl was found to be 33 per 1000 population and was significantly higher in males than females (52.7/1000 and 18.7/1000 respectively). adl episodes were more frequent in the age group of 40 years and above. individuals with chronic m ... | 2000 | 10708003 |
| molecular characterisation of the actin gene of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. | wuchereria bancrofti is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis in humans. although it is responsible for this immensely morbid and debilitating disease, very little is known of the basic molecular biology of this parasite, and there is a vast lack of knowledge on its gene organisation. in this study, the actin gene of w. bancrofti has been characterised by sequencing a clone isolated from a genomic dna library of this parasite. the 5' flanking region had a potential tata box and a putative mrna ... | 2000 | 10704593 |
| [the persistence of wuchereria bancrofti in ouvea island (new caledonia)]. | 1999 | 10701218 | |
| ict filariasis test: a new screening test for bancroftian filariasis. | bancroftian filariasis can be detected by using the ict filariasis test kit which is composed of specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to wuchereria bancrofti antigen. chromatographic reaction with serum or plasma shows a result within 5 minutes. when compared with 454 thick blood films (standard smear method) within the same study, the ict filariasis test had sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 96.37%, efficiency = 96.70%, predictive value positive (pvp) = 70.70%, predictive value negativ ... | 1999 | 10695788 |
| [apropos of the presumed place of transmission in haiti for a child with conjunctival bancroftosis]. | 1999 | 10690477 | |
| [filariasis in haiti: a century of history]. | wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella ozzardi are both endemic in haiti. over the last hundred years, these human parasites have been by turn investigated and disregarded. between 1894 and 1914, haitian physicians encouraged by dr. léon audain studied the clinical and biological impact of w. bancrofti in the numerous infested patients in port-au-prince. during the american occupation (1915-1934), the presence of m. ozzardi was recognized by a rockefeller mission and a first investigation of filari ... | 1999 | 10690476 |
| efficacy of albendazole and its combinations with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (dec) in the treatment of trichuris trichiura infections in sri lanka. | the efficacy of the drugs currently available for treatment of infection with trichuris trichiura is low compared with that of the drugs used against roundworm and hookworm. single-dose combinations of albendazole with ivermectin or of albendazole with diethylcarbamazine (dec) have recently been seen to produce raid and sustained reductions in wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. this observation prompted the present study, on the efficacy of these combinations against trichuriasis. the drug re ... | 1999 | 10690245 |
| acute attacks in the extremities of persons living in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis: differentiation of two syndromes. | the natural history of lymphatic disease in human filariasis remains unclear, but recurrent episodes of acute lymphangitis are believed to constitute a major risk factor for the development of chronic lymphoedema and elephantiasis. prospective analysis of 600 patients referred to the filariasis clinic of the centro de pesquisas aggeu magalhães/fiocruz in recife, brazil, indicated that 2 distinct acute syndromes accompanied by lymphangitis occur in residents of this filariasis-endemic area. one s ... | 1999 | 10674092 |
| development of rapid assessment procedures for the delimitation of lymphatic filariasis-endemic areas. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti is a major public health problem in 73 tropical and subtropical countries including india. delimitation of endemic areas is essential to plan control operations. the current method of night blood survey (nbs) for delimitation is cumbersome, time-consuming and expensive. therefore, there is a need to develop assessment procedures which can rapidly delimit endemic areas. for this purpose we evaluated three procedures: direct interviewing of key i ... | 2000 | 10672207 |
| molecular and immunodiagnosis of human filarial nematode infections. | the filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and onchocerca volvulus represent major public health problems in the tropics. effective diagnosis of infection with these parasites is required both for administration of drugs to infected individuals and for monitoring of control programs. however parasitological diagnosis is associated with a number of problems including frequently inadequate sensitivity, long pre-patency of infection and inconvenience for patients. for these reasons ... | 1998 | 10660932 |
| bancroftian filariasis in the varanasi region of north india: an epidemiological study. | the age- and sex-specific distributions of human infections with wuchereria bancrofti were investigated at two sites in the varanasi region of north india: one a rural, agricultural area (chiraigaon) and the other an urban-slum area (sunderpur). a random clinical and parasitological survey revealed that the prevalence of microfilaraemia and elephantiasis in the urban area (14% and 7.3%, respectively) were both higher than in the rural area (9% and 3.1%, respectively). in both areas, prevalence o ... | 1999 | 10656039 |
| human antibody responses to wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae. | human igg antibody responses to wuchereria bancrofti third stage infective larvae (l3) surface and somatic antigens were studied by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) and immunoblot with endemic egyptian sera (n = 115) with the aim of identifying targets of protective immunity. human sera variably recognized 14 major bands in l3 by immunoblot. the statistical significance of group differences in antibody prevalence was assessed by the chi-squared test. children and young adults (aged 10-20 years) ... | 2000 | 10652121 |
| development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus that survived the exposure of sub-lethal dose of bacillus sphaericus as larvae. | development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus emerged from the larvae that survived the exposure of sub-lethal dose of bacillus sphaericus was examined in the laboratory. third instar larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus were treated with b. sphaericus at a sub-lethal dose of 11.35 microg/250 ml. the female mosquitoes that emerged from the survived larvae were fed on microfilaraemic human blood and parasite development was monitored in the fed mosquitoes. both treated and untreated mos ... | 2000 | 10643907 |
| assessment of immunochromatographic test for rapid lymphatic filariasis diagnosis. | two rapid immunodiagnostic tests (ict filariasis test), developed for the quick diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, have been validated in laboratory and field situation. the aim of this study was to assess the performance and usefulness of this antigen capture assay as a diagnostic method in three foci of lymphatic filariasis, located in the south pacific (society archipelago, french polynesia), with different levels of endemicity. a sample of 1,595 patients was tested with this assay ... | 1999 | 10633507 |
| epidemiology and immunopathology of bancroftian filariasis. | human lymphatic filariasis affects 120 million people worldwide. although the disease is considered to be potentially erradicable by the world health organization, comprehensive studies on epidemiological aspects as well as mechanisms of pathology development are still premature. the following review summarizes currently available data on these topics and ends by discussing the latest control strategies. | 1999 | 10617933 |
| perturbations in eosinophil homeostasis following treatment of lymphatic filariasis. | treatment of patients with patent wuchereria bancrofti infection results in an acute clinical reaction and peripheral eosinophilia. to investigate the dynamics of the eosinophil response, changes in eosinophil activation and degranulation and plasma levels of eosinophil-active chemokines and cytokines were studied in 15 microfilaremic individuals in south india by sequential blood sampling before and after administration of 300 mg of diethylcarbamazine (dec). clinical symptoms occurred within 24 ... | 2000 | 10603373 |
| extralymphatic disease due to bancroftian filariasis. | infection with wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, or b. timori not only affects the structure and function of lymphatic vessels but is also associated with extralymphatic pathology and disease. because it is now possible to detect living adult worms by ultrasonography, much emphasis is placed on lymphatic pathology. however, the finding of renal damage in asymptomatic microfilaremic carriers has led to increased recognition of the importance of extralymphatic clinical manifestation in bancroft ... | 1999 | 10585626 |
| efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of wuchereria bancrofti infection: a model-based analysis of trial results. | ivermectin is a promising drug for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis. a meta-analysis of trials investigating the effects of a single treatment suggested a dose-dependent effect on the production of microfilariae (mf) by adult wuchereria bancrofti parasites. a mathematical model that describes the parasite dynamics in the human host and the impact of ivermectin treatment is presented and its outputs compared with these trials. the calculated trend in mf density after treatment appears to be ... | 1999 | 10581617 |
| [genetic control of vectorial competence in aedes mosquitoes]. | the transmission of pathogens by arthropods is dependent on the relationships that exist between the pathogen, the invertebrate host (the vector) and the vertebrate host, each of which is influenced by environmental variations. particular attention is given to the knowledge of intrinsic factors and the mechanisms controlling the ability of vectors to transmit pathogens (viruses or parasites). polymorphism in the expression of susceptibility to oral infection has been shown to occur among geograp ... | 1999 | 10572663 |
| comparative analysis of glycosylated and nonglycosylated filarial homologues of the 20-kilodalton retinol binding protein from onchocerca volvulus (ov20). | ov20 is a structurally novel 20-kda retinol binding protein secreted by onchocerca volvulus. immunological and biological investigation of this protein has been hampered by the inability to maintain o. volvulus in a laboratory setting. in an effort to find a system more amenable to laboratory investigation, we have cloned, sequenced, and expressed cdna encoding homologues of ov20 from two closely related filarial species, brugia malayi (bm20) and acanthocheilonema viteae (av20). sequence compari ... | 1999 | 10569745 |
| antigenicity of a filarial protease from setaria digitata in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | a protease isolated from adult setaria digitata revealed a single, 110-kda band in a gelatin-impregnated, substrate gel. analysis with specific inhibitors indicated it to be a metallo-protease. igg from chronic filarial patients living in an area of orissa, india, endemic for wuchereria bancrofti was able to neutralize the proteolytic activity of this enzyme completely. igg from asymptomatic microfilaraemics and endemic normals (asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics) only caused partial inhibition and ... | 1999 | 10562830 |
| [survey of lymphatic filariasis on ouvea island in new caledonia]. | several cases of bancroftian filariasis were recently reported on ouvea island which is part of the archipelago of new caledonia located in the south pacific ocean. following these reports systematic screening was carried out in a group of 382 adult consultees at two medical dispensaries. tests to detect microfilariae in the blood and antibodies in serum were performed at the pasteur institute in new caledonia and the malarde institute in papeete, french polynesia, respectively. of the two subje ... | 1999 | 10546187 |
| diagnosis of microfilaria in gastric brush cytology. a case report. | filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti is endemic to southern asia. while the laboratory diagnosis has been conventionally made by demonstrating microfilariae in peripheral blood smears, these have also been occasionally diagnosed on aspiration cytology of various organs. | 1999 | 10518142 |
| high prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in myanmar-migrant workers: a study in mae sot district, tak province, thailand. | although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in the thai population is low, migration of myanmar labor into thailand may increase the incidence of bancroftian filariasis. epidemiology of filariasis in myanmars has not been precisely determined. by using microscopic examination, we found that the microfilarial rate in 654 myanmar migrants working in mae sot, tak province, was 4.4 per cent. the highest microfilarial rate was found in males aged 21-30 years (6.8%). history of mosquito bites was ... | 1999 | 10511777 |
| wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes. | the finding that the intracellular bacteria of filarial nematodes are related to the wolbachia symbionts of arthropods has generated great interest. here, mark taylor and achim hoerauf review recent studies by several groups on the structure, distribution and phylogeny of these endosymbionts, and discuss the potential role for these bacteria in filarial disease and as a target for chemotherapy. | 1999 | 10511685 |
| proposed panel of diagnostic criteria, including the use of ultrasound, to refine the concept of 'endemic normals' in lymphatic filariasis. | although living adult wuchereria bancrofti worms can be detected by ultrasound examination of the scrotal area in approximately 80% of men infected with this filarial parasite, the location of the adult worms in the remaining 20% remains unclear. to determine this, 32 individuals who had w. bancrofti microfilaraemia but no adult worms detectable on ultrasound were treated with diethylcarbarmazine (dec), either with a single 6 mg/kg dose (n = 13) or with a 12-day course of 6 mg/kg per day (n = 19 ... | 1999 | 10499081 |
| diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection by the polymerase chain reaction employing patients' sputum. | a preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic potential of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using diurnally collected sputum from bancroftian filariasis patients is described. a new set of pcr primers amplifying a 254-bp-long sequence termed acci, derived from a long dispersed repeated sequence and sspi primers previously employed for pcr-based diagnosis were employed in this study with similar results. of the 34 sputum samples from patients, 32 (94%) were pcr positive. of the 18 patients wi ... | 1999 | 10494812 |
| comparative evaluation of three new tools for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis based on detection of specific circulating antigens. | three new and commercially available tools for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections based on detection of specific circulating antigens were evaluated and compared in the same group of individuals from a highly endemic village in southern ghana. the tests were: (1) the ict card test for serum specimens; (2) the tropbio elisa test for serum specimens; and (3) the tropbio elisa test for filter-paper specimens. a high degree of positive/negative response similarity was observed for the 3 te ... | 1999 | 10492759 |
| enhanced recovery of fourth stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti from mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus & their in vitro maintenance. | earlier attempts to produce different stages of w. bancrofti, such as fourth stage larvae (l4), in small animal models have yielded very low recovery rates. in order to enhance the recovery of l4, two routes of inoculating a small animal, m. unguiculatus, with infective larvae (l3) viz., intraperitoneal and intrathoracic routes, were compared. on day 17 post-inoculation, higher percentage (23-25%) of l4 were recovered from animals inoculated intrathoracically compared to that from animals inocul ... | 1999 | 10489739 |
| mass treatment with ivermectin for filariasis control in papua new guinea: impact on mosquito survival. | field studies were carried out to determine the impact of mass human treatment with ivermectin on the survival of anthropophagic mosquitoes of the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae), the vectors of lymphatic filariasis and malaria in papua new guinea. in a village where mass treatment had been given, using 400 microg/kg ivermectin plus 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec), we performed pre- and post-treatment collections of freshly blood-engorged mosquitoes from the same nine ... | 1999 | 10484157 |
| long-term suppression of mansonella streptocerca microfilariae after treatment with ivermectin. | the long-term effect of a single oral dose of 150 microg/kg of body weight of ivermectin on mansonella streptocerca microfilariae was studied in western uganda. before treatment, the geometric mean microfilaria density (mf) in 93 infected persons was 2.4 mf/mg of skin (range, 0.1-42.6). one year after treatment, 43 persons (46%) were microfilaria-negative, and the geometric mean in the remaining persons dropped significantly, to 0.7 mf/mg (range, 0.1-6.9). thus, ivermectin is highly effective ag ... | 1999 | 10479183 |
| screening of army soldiers for wuchereria bancrofti infection in the metropolitan recife region, brazil: implications for epidemiological surveillance. | between 1989 and 1995, blood surveys were performed for wuchereria bancrofti infection in several barracks of the brazilian army in the metropolitan recife region. for initial screening, 60 microliters of capillary blood were examined for microfilaria. all men who tested positive had microfilaria quantified by filtration of venous blood through a polycarbonate membrane. of 23,773 men screened, 585 (2.5%) had microfilaria (mf). microfilarial density ranged from < 1-8706 mf/ml of blood. thirteen i ... | 1999 | 10470342 |
| assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and wuchereria bancrofti infections in haitian schoolchildren. | this randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment for intestinal helminths (albendazole) and lymphatic filariasis (ivermectin). children were infected with ascaris (29.2%), trichuris (42.2%), and hookworm (6.9%), with 54.7% of children having one or more of these parasites. wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria were found in 13.3% of the children. children were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, albendazole, ... | 1999 | 10466981 |
| the effect of pregnancy on wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial load in humans. | as part of a drug trial against bancroftian filariasis in the east sepik province of papua new guinea we measured the pre-treatment microfilarial densities of 2219 individuals. mean levels generally increased with age in both sexes, with a tendency to plateau at the highest ages. however, there was a reduction among women of approximately reproductive age. allowing for the tendency for aggregation to decrease with age, this reduction was statistically significant. however, a comparison of pregna ... | 1999 | 10466122 |
| bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of wuchereria bancrofti infections in culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | the relationship between ingestion of microfilariae (mf), production of infective larvae (l3) and mf density in human blood has been suggested as an important determinant in the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis. here we assess the role of these factors in determining the competence of a natural vector culex quinquefasciatus and a non vector aedes aegypti to transmit wuchereria bancrofti. mosquitoes were infected via a membrane feeding procedure. both mosquito species ingested more t ... | 1999 | 10464399 |
| acute disease episodes in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of papua new guinea. | acute disease episodes of bancroftian filariasis were monitored prospectively in a rural area of papua new guinea. the frequency and duration of episodes were recorded for the leg, arm, scrotum, and breast. a very high incidence of acute disease was observed; 0.31 episodes per person-year in the leg alone. incidence generally increased with age, except in the breast, where episodes were concentrated in the reproductive age range. males had slightly higher incidence than females in the leg and ar ... | 1999 | 10463687 |
| the role of albendazole in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | citing earlier advances in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis [particularly the effectiveness of single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) in reducing microfilaraemia and its enhanced effectiveness when co-administered with single-dose ivermectin], eric ottesen, mahroof ismail and john horton consider recent studies on the antifilarial activity of albendazole that have led to the current recommendations for its use in single-dose regimens in conjunction with either dec or ivermectin for large-scal ... | 1999 | 10461168 |
| a longitudinal study of bancroftian filariasis in the nile delta of egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up. | we initiated a longitudinal study of bancroftian filariasis to improve understanding of dynamics and risk factors for infection in villages near cairo, egypt. baseline prevalence rates for microfilaremia and filarial antigenemia for 1,853 subjects more than 9 years of age were 7.7% and 11.2%, respectively. microfilaria counts, antigen levels, and microfilaremia incidence over a 1-year period were all significantly lower in older people. these findings suggest that humans develop partial immunity ... | 1999 | 10432056 |
| [subconjunctival localization of a wuchereria bancrofti adult female]. | the authors describe a case of conjunctival localization of a living adult wuchereria bancrofti female observed in a 6 year old native haitian girl, two years after her arrival in france. the adult was surgically removed from the conjunctiva. microfilariae were evidenced in blood samples obtained at midnight. this is the first case of sub-conjunctival localization of w. bancrofti. this case stresses the necessity to identify the filaria by studying the microfilariae in blood samples obtained at ... | 1999 | 10399599 |
| bancroftian filariasis in namrup tea estate, district dibrugarh, assam. | filariasis survey in a randomly selected tea estate of district dibrugrah revealed 6.7% infection of wuchereria bancrofti in labour population with microfilaria (mf) rate of 7.6% in males and 5.9% in females. the mf rate increased progressively with the age which however, dropped in 31-40 age group of males and in 41-50 age group of females. chronic filariasis diseases rate was 2.7%. the involvement of genitals in manifesting chronic filariasis was significantly higher than of the lower extremit ... | 1998 | 10389521 |
| study on the transmission threshold value of bancroftian filariasis. | to elucidate the transmission dynamic and epidemic trend of bancroftian filariasis occurred under the condition with no control measure taken 5 years after elimination of filariasis. | 1998 | 10374430 |
| helminth- and bacillus calmette-guérin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis. | infants and children are routinely vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in areas of the world where worm infections are common. because maternal helminth infection during pregnancy can sensitize the developing fetus, we studied whether this prenatal immunity persists in childhood and modifies the immune response to bcg. children and newborns living in rural kenya, where bcg is administered at birth and filariasis and schistosomiasis are endemic, were examined. t cells from 2- to 10-yea ... | 1999 | 10352306 |
| long-term persistence of cellular hyporesponsiveness to filarial antigens after clearance of microfilaremia. | the persistence of parasite-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness after clearance of blood microfilariae (mf) was studied in 18 individuals who had been treated with a single dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, or a combination 2-3 years previously and who had initially cleared their parasitemia. at recruitment into the present study, 50% were again mf+ and 50% remained mf-. there were no significant differences between the mf+ and mf- groups in the amount of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) prod ... | 1999 | 10344663 |
| proinflammatory cytokines secreted by monocytes of filarial patients. | the levels of interleukin 1, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha secreted by the monocytes of filarial patients, such as asymptomatic microfilaremics (mf), chronic pathology (cp), and normal individuals, residing in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area (en) in response to whole brugia malayi antigen (bma) and setaria digitata (sd-cuticular) and a recombinant filarial antigen (prj51) were studied. stimulation of peripheral blood adherent ... | 1999 | 10338198 |
| bancroftian filariasis on pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania: an update on the status in urban and semi-urban communities. | cross-sectional clinical, parasitological and entomological surveys for bancroftian filariasis were conducted in konde, chake chake and kengeja, three urban and semiurban communities on pemba island, and the results were compared with similar surveys done 15 years earlier. the overall prevalences of clinical manifestations among males aged 15 years or more (n = 614) was remarkably similar to those recorded 15 years earlier: elephantiasis 1.4% in 1975 and 1.1% in 1990; hydrocele, 22.4% and 21.8%, ... | 1999 | 10320655 |
| antibody response to a filarial antigen fraction in individuals exposed to wuchereria bancrofti infection in india. | an antigen fraction (dssdi) was isolated from the aqueous-insoluble components of adult setaria digitata. rabbit antiserum to dssdi labeled the sheaths of wuchereria and setaria microfilariae suggesting dssdi to be surface associated. antibody responses to dssdi were determined in wuchereria bancrofti exposed individuals. igm titre was highest in endemic normals (en; asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic) followed by chronic filarial patients (cp) and asymptomatic microfilaraemics (as). igg titer was hi ... | 1999 | 10232782 |
| [important parasitic nephropathies: update from the recent literature]. | renal involvement in parasitic infections are polymorphic. plasmodium malariae often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis whereas acute tubular necrosis or post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis are observed with plasmodium falciparum. urogenital taxis of schistosoma haematobium is responsible for frequency of chronic tubular and interstitial nephritis. without specific treatment, the renal function progressively deteriorates and urological complications appear. schistosoma manson ... | 1999 | 10227026 |
| wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka. | the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia determined in 353 subjects in matara, sri lanka by og4c3 elisa was 20.7%. positive rates obtained with the same subjects by 1 ml nuclepore filtration and 60 microl thick blood smear were 11.3% and 7.9%, respectively. antigen levels were positively associated with microfilaria counts. two-thirds of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative (ag+/mf-) individuals were > 25-year-old, but younger age groups (< or = 25-year-old) tended to have propo ... | 1999 | 10223216 |
| [views on the municipalization of lymphatic filariasis control in greater metropolitan recife]. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by the nematodes brugia malayi, brugia timori, and wuchereria bancrofti. the disease occurs in developing countries and is more frequent in urban areas. an estimated 4 billion people live in at-risk areas. in brazil the endemic is caused by w. bancrofti and was first documented in 1878. it was first detected in recife in 1952. currently, recife and belém are the only cities in brazil where the endemic is considered a public health problem. the objectives of this st ... | 1999 | 10203460 |
| treatment costs and loss of work time to individuals with chronic lymphatic filariasis in rural communities in south india. | this year-round case-control study investigated treatment costs and work time loss to people affected by chronic lymphatic filariasis in two rural communities in south india. about three-quarters of the patients sought treatment for filariasis at least once and 52% of them paid for treatment, incurring a mean annual expenditure of rs. 72 (us $2.1; range rs. 0-1360 (us $39.0)). doctor's fees and medicines constituted 57% and 23% of treatment costs. the proportion of people seeking treatment was s ... | 1999 | 10203169 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an irrigation project community in southern ghana. | an epidemiological study to document the endemicity and transmission characteristics of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in an irrigation project community in southern ghana. in a 50% random sample of the population, the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 26.4% and the geometric mean microfilarial intensity among positives was 819 microfilariae/ml of blood. hydrocoele was found in 13.8% of the males aged > or =18 years, and 1.4% of the residents examined, all females, had tymphoedema/elephant ... | 1999 | 10203168 |
| [bancrofitian filariasis, malayan filariasis]. | 1999 | 10201254 | |
| efficacy of five annual single doses of diethylcarbamazine for treatment of lymphatic filariasis in fiji. | annual single-dose treatments with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) at a dose of 6 mg/kg have been reported effective in reducing microfilariae (mf) rate and density and applicable to large-scale filariasis control campaigns. however, the efficacy of such treatments has not been studied quantitatively in relation to different pretreatment levels of endemicity. this study of 32 villages in fiji revealed that five treatments repeated annually steadily reduced village mf rate, and that the degree o ... | 1998 | 10191553 |
| filarial antibody responses in wuchereria bancrofti transmission area are related to parasitological but not clinical status. | in wuchereria bancrofti transmission areas, three groups of individuals have been identified, according to the presence or absence of microfilariae or adult worm derived molecules in the blood compartment. these groups likely reflect individuals with different permissivity/resistance to the complete development of w. bancrofti cycle. the profile of filarial-specific immunoglobulins was analysed in w. bancrofti-exposed individuals in french polynesia, according to the presence or absence of micro ... | 1999 | 10101717 |
| 16s rdna phylogeny and ultrastructural characterization of wolbachia intracellular bacteria of the filarial nematodes brugia malayi, b. pahangi, and wuchereria bancrofti. | 1999 | 10092480 | |
| current status of filariasis in chavakad taluk, trichur district, kerala. | a sample survey using parasitological, clinical and entomological indicators was carried out in all the 18 administrative units of chavakad taluk, trichur district, kerala, india to assess the current filariasis situation. cluster sampling procedure was followed to screen individuals. both wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi species were found to be prevalent in this taluk. microfilaria (mf) carriers with w. bancrofti were detected in eight areas while b. malayi was recorded only from one are ... | 1997 | 10085639 |
| can vector control play a useful supplementary role against bancroftian filariasis? | a single campaign of mass treatment for bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (dec) in makunduchi, a town in zanzibar, united republic of tanzania, combined with elimination of mosquito breeding in pit latrines with polystyrene beads was followed by a progressive decline over a 5-year period in the microfilarial rate from 49% to 3%. evidence that vector control had contributed to this long-term decline was obtained by comparison with another town, moga, where a dec campaign was used wit ... | 1999 | 10083712 |
| quinone analogue irrecoverably paralyses the filarial parasites in vitro. | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (q0), an analogue of ubiquinone, irreversibly paralyses the adult and microfilariae of the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. the same concentration of q0 that paralyses the microfilariae of s. digitata also paralyses the microfilariae of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti within the same duration. thus the experiments done in the model s. digitata system can well be extended to the human filarial system. a drug at the level of the qu ... | 1999 | 10066426 |
| candidate parasitic diseases. | this paper discusses five parasitic diseases: american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease), dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. the available technology and health infrastructures in developing countries permit the eradication of dracunculiasis and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti. blindness due to onchocerciasis and transmission of this disease will be prevented in eleven west african countries; transmission of chagas disease ... | 1998 | 10063677 |
| immunocytochemical localization and distribution of human albumin in wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | to determine whether albumin is present on adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti, thin sections of resin-embedded parasites were incubated with a specific antiserum to human albumin. with the exception of the epicuticle, all layers of the cuticle and the hypodermis were intensely labeled. concentration of gold particles was observed within infoldings of the hypodermal membrane. moderate labeling of the thin basement membrane that lines the pseudocelomic cavity and the gonoduct was also observed. w ... | 1999 | 10050796 |
| biased tcr repertoire in infiltrating lesional t cells in human bancroftian filariasis. | to investigate the hypothesis that t cells recognizing specific ags localize to the site of disease activity in human bancroftian filariasis, we have compared the repertoire of tcr vbeta gene segments in lesions vs blood in individual patients by rt-pcr elisa. vbeta14 and vbeta24 were overrepresented (5% greater in tissue compared with pbmcs and/or tissue/pbmc ratios in the highest 5% of all tissue/pbmc ratios for all vbetas for all subjects) in 50% and 40% of study subjects, respectively. overr ... | 1999 | 9973439 |
| development of a quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction--enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna. | a quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction (qc-pcr) assay for the sensitive detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna was developed. a competitor sequence was constructed by an exchange of nucleotides in the wuchereria-specific ssp i repeat. the pcr products were hybridized to specific dna probes and their amounts, determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in laboratory-prepared samples the qc-pcr-elisa assay was capable of detecting the amount of dna equivalent to 0.1 m ... | 1999 | 9951959 |
| experimental infection of culex (culex) quinquefasciatus and aedes (stegomyia) aegypti with wuchereria bancrofti. | a study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of local strains of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to infection with the strain of wuchereria bancrofti that occurs in maceió. state of alagoas, brazil. cx. quinquefasciatus blood fed simultaneously on the same microfilariae carrier ingested more blood and 2-3x more microfilariae than ae. aegypti. survival rates of both species of insects living for 21 days after blood feeding on microfilaraemic patients were not significantly diffe ... | 1998 | 9921316 |
| lymphatic filariasis in brazilian urban area (maceió, alagoas). | a cross-sectional survey conducted among evening students was used to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection in maceió, capital of the state of alagoas, northeast brazil. a single thick-blood smear was used, being collected between 10 p.m. and 12 a.m. from a total of 29,551 students enrolled at evening elementary schools in the 33 city sectors, 16,569 (56.4%) were random selected for inclusion in the study. from those, 10,857 (65.5%) were interviewed and examined and 73 (0.7% ... | 1998 | 9921288 |
| early development of acute filariasis in a migrant from non-endemic to hyper endemic area: a case report. | a case report of a european woman who contracted filariasis after staying for a few weeks in a filaria endemic area of south india is presented in this paper. | 1998 | 9914679 |
| bancroftian filariasis in egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound. | the purpose of this study was to explore the value of scrotal ultrasound as a means of evaluating bancroftian filariasis. color doppler ultrasound examinations were performed to look for subclinical hydroceles and motile adult filarial worms (dancing worms) in dilated lymphatics. sixty-one male subjects from a filariasis-endemic area in egypt were studied including 19 clinically normal microfilaria (mf) carriers (seven with dancing worms and eight with subclinical hydroceles), 13 mf-negative sub ... | 1998 | 9886190 |
| renal transplantation: potential source of microfilarial transmission. | 1998 | 9865372 | |
| non-parasitic chyluria: a case report and review of the literature. | chyluria is due to the passage of chyle into the urine giving it a typical milky appearance. although rarely seen in our countries it is well-known in areas where infections with wuchereria bancrofti are endemic. chyluria can also have non-parasitic causes of which only a few cases have been described. we briefly discuss etiologies and pathogenesis of chyluria and present a case of non-parasitic chyluria successfully treated by surgery. a short and critical review of the different treatment moda ... | 1998 | 9864871 |
| absence of ivermectin-associated excess deaths. | 1998 | 9861413 | |
| diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection by the polymerase chain reaction using urine and day blood samples from amicrofilaraemic patients. | a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequence (188 bp; sspi repeat) was tested for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood and urine samples collected during the day from individuals in coque, recife, brazil, an endemic area for w. bancrofti. all microfilaraemic individuals were also positive by pcr, irrespective of the samples used. the pcr system was capable of detecting w. bancrofti dna in amicrofilaraemic i ... | 1998 | 9861400 |
| exfoliative skin manifestations in acute lymphatic filariasis. | 1998 | 9861373 | |
| the significance of guinea worm infection in the immunological diagnosis of onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis. | infections with dracunculus medinensis frequently occur in the same geographical area as infections with onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. this study analysed the significance of d. medinensis infections for the specificity and sensitivity of available tests for antibody-based diagnosis of onchocerciasis (using individual recombinant clones ov-10, ov-11 and ov-16, and the ov-7/ov-10/ov-16 tri-cocktail, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for circulating antigen-based diagnos ... | 1998 | 9861367 |
| the use of whole blood absorbed on filter paper to detect wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigen. | the og4c3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen uses 50 microl of serum. in this study, a whole blood sample absorbed on filter paper was tested as a substitute for serum. serum samples were obtained from 60 sri lankan subjects by venepuncture and finger-prick blood samples from the same individuals were directly absorbed on filter paper. og4c3 elisas using serum and filter paper blood were compared. despite the fact that the estimated amoun ... | 1998 | 9861365 |
| pulmonary oedema in vivax malaria. | 1998 | 9850397 | |
| evaluation of the filter paper blood collection method for detecting og4c3 circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis. | serological diagnosis of filariasis is generally known to be more reliable than detection of microfilariae. the recently developed og4c3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigen has been shown to be very sensitive in diagnosing filiariasis using serum samples. the commercially available form of this elisa, using whole blood collected on filter paper, has not been validated independently. we evaluated the sensitivity of this new method again ... | 1998 | 9850393 |