Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of a second begomovirus, sri lankan cassava mosaic virus, causing cassava mosaic disease in india. | the dna a and dna b components of a begomovirus associated with cassava mosaic disease (cmd) originating from kerala, india, were cloned. biolistically inoculated clones induced symptoms typical of cmd in cassava. sequence comparisons showed the virus to be an isolate of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). this is the first time this begomovirus species has been identified in india and only the second species shown to cause cmd in the country. the implication of these findings on our unders ... | 2005 | 15986172 |
| purification and characterization of a thermostable raw starch digesting amylase from a streptomyces sp. isolated in a milling factory. | a raw starch utilizing microbe was isolated from mud in a milling factory. the 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing and morphological properties of the strain indicated that it belongs to the genus streptomyces. a strongly raw starch digesting amylase was purified from the culture supernatant of the strain by chromatographic procedures. the specific activity of the enzyme was 11.7 u/mg, molecular mass 47 kda, optimum ph 6.0, and optimum temperature 50 to 60 degrees c. the enzyme showed sufficient ... | 2005 | 15973037 |
| production of xylanase and protease by penicillium janthinellum crc 87m-115 from different agricultural wastes. | five agricultural wastes were evaluated in submerged fermentation for xylanolytic enzymes production by penicillium janthinellum. the wastes were hydrolyzed in acid medium and the liquid fraction was used for cultivation. corn cob (55.3 u/ml) and oat husk (54.8 u/ml) were the best inducers of xylanase. sugar cane bagasse (23.0 u/ml) and corn husk (23.8 u/ml) were moderately good, while cassava peel was negligible. protease production was very low in all agro-industrial residues. the maximum biom ... | 2006 | 15953719 |
| the nucleotide sequence of cloned wheat dwarf virus dna. | restriction analysis and cloning of virus-specific double-stranded dna isolated from plants infected with wheat dwarf virus (wdv) indicated that the virus genome, like that of maize streak virus (msv), consists of a single dna circle. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned wdv dna (2749 nucleotides) has been determined. comparison of the potential coding regions in wdv dna with those in the dna of two strains of msv suggests that these viruses encode at least two functional proteins, the coa ... | 1985 | 15938050 |
| a survey of pig production systems in the rain forest of the pacific coast colombia. | a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in small-scale pig farms in the rain forest of the colombian pacific coast in order to study aspects of reproduction, nutrition and productivity. a total of 124 farmers was interviewed. they owned, on average, 13.6 pigs, including 2.3 sows, mainly of the zungo breed. pigs are reared in extensive systems and are allowed to wander freely in search of food. the sows produce, on average, 9.6 piglets/litter but, owing to poor sanitary conditions, 1.5 are bor ... | 2005 | 15934639 |
| major polyadenylated transcripts of cassava latent virus and location of the gene encoding coat protein. | the nucleotide sequences of infectious cloned dnas 1 and 2 of a kenyan isolate of cassava latent virus (clv) have been determined. five virus-specific polyadenylated transcripts have been identified and mapped either to the viral or complementary sense dnas of both components of the clv genome, confirming that transcription is bidirectional on both dnas. a major mrna has been translated in vitro to yield a 30 000 mol. wt. product, which is precipitated by antibodies raised against whole virus, a ... | 1985 | 15918226 |
| effects of regular and modified starches on cooked pale, soft, and exudative; normal; and dry, firm, and dark breast meat batters. | the effects of potato and tapioca starches (regular and modified) on the texture, yield, and microstructure of pale, soft, and exudative (pse); normal; and dark, firm, and dry (dfd) chicken breast meats were studied. cook yield and fracture force were higher in dfd than in normal and pse meat. all starches significantly improved yield with modified tapioca showing the best results. light microscopy showed even distribution and gelatinization of large potato starch granules and small tapioca gran ... | 2005 | 15913192 |
| extracellular amylase(s) production by fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae grown on cassava starch residue. | the fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae produce extracellular amylase when grown on a liquid medium containing 2% (wn) soluble starch or cassava starch residue(csr) (as starch equivalent), a waste generated after extraction of starch from cassava, as the sole carbon source. using csr as the sole carbon source, the highest amylase activity of 3.25 and 3.8 units (mg, glucose released x ml(-1) x h(-1)) were obtained in shake flask cultures during the late stationary phase of growth ... | 2004 | 15907080 |
| development of a controlled release formulation based on a starch matrix system. | controlled release formulation (crf) of the insecticide acetamiprid was made using tapioca starch, urea and sodium borate. the data show the recovery of this crf process is > 95.43%, there is no obvious difference with increase of sodium borate added, however, with the increase of urea in the mixture, the formulation has a decrease recovery. in stability test, the decomposition rate of acetamiprid crf was less one tenth than that of the acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (ec) under uv radiatio ... | 2005 | 15905051 |
| application of fta technology for sampling, recovery and molecular characterization of viral pathogens and virus-derived transgenes from plant tissues. | plant viral diseases present major constraints to crop production. effective sampling of the viruses infecting plants is required to facilitate their molecular study and is essential for the development of crop protection and improvement programs. retaining integrity of viral pathogens within sampled plant tissues is often a limiting factor in this process, most especially when sample sizes are large and when operating in developing counties and regions remote from laboratory facilities. fta is ... | 2005 | 15904535 |
| whitefly bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) infestation on cassava genotypes grown at different ecozones in nigeria. | large-scale screening of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genotypes for resistance to infestation by whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius, the vector of cassava mosaic geminiviruses, is limited. a range of new cassava elite clones were therefore assessed for the whitefly infestation in the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 cropping seasons in experimental fields of international institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria. on each scoring day, between 0600 and 0800 hours when the whiteflies were rel ... | 2005 | 15889755 |
| assessment of laboratory methods for evaluating cassava genotypes for resistance to root rot disease. | field evaluation of six cassava genotypes for resistance to root rot disease was compared with three rapid laboratory methods (whole root inoculation, root slice inoculation, and stem inoculation) for resistance screening. both the field evaluation and the three laboratory methods separated the varieties into resistant and susceptible groups. genotypes 30572 and 91/02324 were resistant while 92/0247, 92/0057 and tme-1 were susceptible. one genotype (30001) was not consistent in its reaction betw ... | 2005 | 15883733 |
| descriptive study of chronic calcific pancreatitis in sri lanka. | to describe the potential risk factors, clinical features, biochemical and radiological features, and management of chronic calcific pancreatitis. | 2005 | 15881556 |
| abundance, dispersion and parasitism of the stem borer busseola fusca (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize in the humid forest zone of southern cameroon. | this study was conducted in the humid forest zone of cameroon, in 2002 and 2003. the main objective was to investigate the effects of intercropping on infestation levels and parasitism of the noctuid maize stem borer busseola fusca fuller. two trials were planted per year, one during the long and one during the short rainy season. maize monocrops were compared with maize/legume or maize/cassava intercrops in two spatial arrangements: maize on alternate hills or in alternate rows. spatial analyse ... | 2005 | 15877866 |
| gene expression profile in response to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis infection in cassava using a cdna microarray. | a cassava cdna microarray based on a large cassava est database was constructed and used to study the incompatible interaction between cassava and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) strain cio151. for microarray construction, 5700 clones from the cassava unigene set were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and printed on glass slides. microarray hybridization was performed using cdna from cassava plants (resistant variety mbra685) collected at 12, 24, 48 h and 7 and 15 days post ... | 2005 | 15830129 |
| biolistic infection of cassava using cloned components of indian cassava mosaic virus. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a major constraint to cassava production in africa and asia. of the two begomoviruses associated with cmd on the indian subcontinent, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus, only the latter has been successfully reintroduced into cassava to resolve the aetiology of the disease. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of an icmv isolate from maharashtra (icmv-[mah2]), central india. biolistic inoculation of the cloned compon ... | 2005 | 15824887 |
| inversion of stereoselectivity by applying mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | the influence of trp128-substituted mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) on the stereoselectivity of mehnl-catalyzed hcn additions to aldehydes with stereogenic centers, which yield the corresponding cyanohydrins, is described. in rac-2-phenylpropionaldehyde (rac-1) reactions, wild-type (wtmehnl) and all mehnl trp128 mutants are highly (s)-selective toward the (r) enantiomer of rac-1; this results exclusively in (2s,3r)-cyanohydrin ((2s,3r)-2) with > or =96 % de. th ... | 2005 | 15812786 |
| [nutritional characterization of carbohydrates and proximal composition of cooked tropical roots and tubers produced in costa rica]. | tropical roots and tubers (trt) are important staple foods in the tropics. trt are produced by small farmers and have received only limited attention. the objective of this paper was to evaluate nutritionally important carbohydrate fractions and proximal composition of cooked cassava (manihot esculenta), cocoyam- or tannia- (xantosoma sp) and yam (dioscorea alata) grown in costa rica. twenty boiled samples of each trt were analyzed for proximal composition, following aoac protocols. carbohydrate ... | 2004 | 15807209 |
| effect of bread containing resistant starch on postprandial blood glucose levels in humans. | we examined the inhibitory effect of a single ingestion of bread containing resistant starch (bread containing about 6 g of resistant starch derived from tapioca per 2 slices) (test food) on the postprandial increase in blood glucose in male and female adults with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 140 mg/dl. bread not containing resistant starch (placebo) was used as the control. the study was conducted in 20 subjects (9 men and 11 women with a mean age of 50.5+/-7.5 years) using the ... | 2005 | 15784985 |
| molecular biodiversity of cassava begomoviruses in tanzania: evolution of cassava geminiviruses in africa and evidence for east africa being a center of diversity of cassava geminiviruses. | cassava is infected by numerous geminiviruses in africa and india that cause devastating losses to poor farmers. we here describe the molecular diversity of seven representative cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) infecting cassava from multiple locations in tanzania. we report for the first time the presence of two isolates in east africa: (eacmcv-[tz1] and eacmcv-[tz7]) of the species east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus, originally described in west africa. the complete nucleotide seque ... | 2005 | 15784145 |
| molecular characterization of a cdna encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of manihot esculenta. | superoxide dismutase (sod) cdna, msod2, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc sod (cuznsod) cdna was isolated from suspension-cultured cells of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by cdna library screening, and its expression was investigated in relation to environmental stress. msod2 is 774 bp in length with an open reading frame (orf) of 152 amino acids, corresponding to a protein of predicted molecular mass 15 kda and a pi of 5.22. one copy of the msod2 gene was found to be present in the cassava gen ... | 2005 | 15763666 |
| evolution under domestication: contrasting functional morphology of seedlings in domesticated cassava and its closest wild relatives. | although cassava (manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) is asexually propagated, farmers incorporate plants from seedlings into planting stocks. these products of sex are exposed to selection, which in agricultural environments should favour rapid growth. to examine whether seedling morphology has evolved under domestication, we compared domesticated cassava, its wild progenitor (m. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and their sister species (m. pruinosa) under controlled conditions. field observations c ... | 2005 | 15760372 |
| growth performance of lambs in phangrang, vietnam: effects of a dietary supplement containing prickly-pear cactus. | in phanrang, vietnam, sheep production is limited by the sparse availability of green roughage. although prickly-pear cactus (opuntia elator) is abundant in the area, it is not used. it was considered relevant therefore to test whether prickly-pear cactus could be used a component of feed supplements. with the use of the cactus and other local products--namely groundnut cake, fish sauce by-product, molasses, rice bran and cassava flour--two supplements were prepared. the level of cactus in the t ... | 2005 | 15747860 |
| dart for high-throughput genotyping of cassava (manihot esculenta) and its wild relatives. | understanding the distribution of genetic diversity within and among individuals, populations, species and gene pools is crucial for the efficient management of germplasm collections. molecular markers are playing an increasing role in germplasm characterization, yet their broad application is limited by the availability of markers, the costs and the low throughput of existing technologies. this is particularly true for crops of resource-poor farmers such as cassava, manihot esculenta. here we r ... | 2005 | 15742202 |
| suppression of rna silencing by a geminivirus nuclear protein, ac2, correlates with transactivation of host genes. | bipartite geminiviruses encode a small protein, ac2, that functions as a transactivator of viral transcription and a suppressor of rna silencing. a relationship between these two functions had not been investigated before. we characterized both of these functions for ac2 from mungbean yellow mosaic virus-vigna (mymv). when transiently expressed in plant protoplasts, mymv ac2 strongly transactivated the viral promoter; ac2 was detected in the nucleus, and a split nuclear localization signal (nls) ... | 2005 | 15681452 |
| fermented milk-starch and milk-inulin products as vehicles for lactic acid bacteria. | formulations using cassava starch or inulin plus milk were fermented with three different lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains: lactobacillus plantarum d34, lactobacillus sp. slh6, and streptococcus thermophilus st4. growth and acidification were followed in 3% powdered milk (m3), 3% milk-6% starch (m3-s6), and 3% milk-6% inulin (m3-in6). d34 and slh6 growth was enhanced by starch in m3-s6, when compared to the count (cfu/ml) obtained in m3. growth of all strains was promoted by inulin. all fermen ... | 2004 | 15678724 |
| production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by trichoderma virens. | gliotoxin, an epithiodiketopiperazine toxin produced by the "q" strain of trichoderma virens, is essential for curtailing growth and multiplication of phytopathogens (howell et al. 1993, fravel 1988). three isolates (gv, gv-a and gv-v) of trichoderma virens were grown on natural substrates such as bengal gram hull, gingelly cake, green gram hull, rice bran, soya meal, sugarcane bagasse, soyameal + tapioca, tapioca powder, tapioca peel and wheat bran). it was evident from this study that maximum ... | 2005 | 15678558 |
| production of high-purity isomalto-oligosaccharides syrup by the enzymatic conversion of transglucosidase and fermentation of yeast cells. | a method for the production of high-purity isomalto-oligosaccharides (imo) involving the transglucosylation by transglucosidase and yeast fermentation was proposed. the starch of rice crumbs was enzymatically liquefied and saccharified, and then converted to low-purity imo syrup by transglucosylation. the low-purity imo produced either from rice crumbs or tapioca flour as the starch source could be effectively converted to high-purity imo by yeast fermentation to remove the digestible sugars inc ... | 2005 | 15672377 |
| oxidative stress responses during cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration. | a major constraint to the development of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) as a crop to both farmers and processors is its starchy storage roots' rapid post-harvest deterioration, which can render it unpalatable and un-marketable within 24-72 h. an oxidative burst occurs within 15 min of the root being injured, that is followed by the altered regulation of genes, notably for catalase and peroxidase, related to the modulation of reactive oxygen species, and the accumulation of secondary metaboli ... | 2004 | 15669147 |
| cassava biology and physiology. | cassava or manioc (manihot esculenta crantz), a perennial shrub of the new world, currently is the sixth world food crop for more than 500 million people in tropical and sub-tropical africa, asia and latin america. it is cultivated mainly by resource-limited small farmers for its starchy roots, which are used as human food either fresh when low in cyanogens or in many processed forms and products, mostly starch, flour, and for animal feed. because of its inherent tolerance to stressful environme ... | 2004 | 15669146 |
| using cdna and genomic sequences as tools to develop snp strategies in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) are the most abundant type of dna polymorphism found in animal and plant genomes. they provide an important new source of molecular markers that are useful in genetic mapping, map-based positional cloning, quantitative trait locus mapping and the assessment of genetic distances between individuals. very little is known on the frequency of snps in cassava. we have exploited the recently-developed collection of cassava expressed sequence tags (ests) to detect ... | 2005 | 15650816 |
| effect of temperature on the survival and infectivity of pseudotheraptus devastans vector. | the aim of this study was to investigate under a controlled environment, the effect of temperature on the survival and infectivity of pseudotheraptus devastans distant, a cassava anthracnose disease vector. the insect p. devastans was collected from young cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) field plots, at the international institute of tropical agriculture, (iita), ibadan, nigeria. a mixture of the different developmental stages of eggs, first to fifth instar nymphs, and adults, were incubated i ... | 2004 | 15645178 |
| effects of fresh cassava tops on rumen environment parameters, thyroid gland hormones and liver enzymes of local yellow cattle fed urea-treated fresh rice straw. | in a 4 x 4 latin square design study, four rumen-cannulated local yellow cattle, average weight 330 kg, were fed urea-treated fresh rice straw (ufrs) ad libitum and given 1 kg cassava root meal daily as basal diet in each 30-day trial period. four treatment levels of crude protein of fresh cassava tops (fct) were supplied: 0 (fct0), 50 (fct50), 100 (fct100) and 150 g (fct150) crude protein per 100 kg body weight. the results showed a continuous decrease in dry matter intake (dmi) of ufrs with in ... | 2004 | 15643811 |
| development and application of transgenic technologies in cassava. | the capacity to integrate transgenes into the tropical root crop cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is now established and being utilized to generate plants expressing traits of agronomic interest. the tissue culture and gene transfer systems currently employed to produce these transgenic cassava have improved significantly over the past 5 years and are assessed and compared in this review. programs are underway to develop cassava with enhanced resistance to viral diseases and insects pests, imp ... | 2004 | 15630627 |
| engineering cyanogen synthesis and turnover in cassava (manihot esculenta). | cassava is the major root crop for a quarter billion subsistence farmers in sub-saharan africa. it is valued for its ability to grow in adverse environments and the food security it provides. cassava contains potentially toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin) which protect the plant from herbivory and theft. the cyanogens, including linamarin and its deglycosylated product, acetone cyanohydrin, can be efficiently removed from the root by various processing procedures. short-cuts in pr ... | 2004 | 15630626 |
| identification and characterization of a novel cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) clone with high free sugar content and novel starch. | this study reports the identification of a new class of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with a storage root showing unusual free sugar accumulation and novel starch. twenty-seven clones high in free sugar were identified under cultivation in primitive rural community areas in the amazon. iodine test and glucose oxidase-peroxidase reagent strips were used, in the field, for identification of starch and glucose, respectively. five out of these 27 clones of cassava were cultivated at embrapa gen ... | 2004 | 15630625 |
| a geminivirus-induced gene silencing system for gene function validation in cassava. | we have constructed an african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) based gene-silencing vector as a reverse genetics tool for gene function analysis in cassava. the vector carrying a fragment from the nicotiana tabacum sulfur gene (su), encoding one unit of the chloroplast enzyme magnesium chelatase, was used to induce the silencing of the cassava orthologous gene resulting in yellow-white spots characteristic of the inhibition of su expression. this result suggests that well developed sequence database ... | 2004 | 15630624 |
| broad spectrum resistance to ssdna viruses associated with transgene-induced gene silencing in cassava. | geminiviruses are ssdna viruses that infect a range of economically important crop species. we have developed a pathogen-derived transgenic approach to generate high levels of resistance against these pathogens in a susceptible cultivar of cassava (manihot esculenta). integration of the ac1 gene (which encodes the replication-associated protein) from african cassava mosaic virus imparted resistance against the homologous virus and provided strong cross-protection against two heterologous species ... | 2004 | 15630623 |
| cassava mosaic geminiviruses in africa. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) (geminiviridae:begomovirus) is undoubtedly the most important constraint to the production of cassava in africa at the outset of the 21st century. although the disease was recorded for the first time in the latter part of the 19th century, for much of the intervening period it has been relatively benign in most of the areas where it occurs and has generally been considered to be of minor economic significance. towards the ... | 2004 | 15630622 |
| recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis-cassava interaction. | cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is a widespread disease that affects cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). studies on the pathogen population structure, pathogen diagnosis, identification and expression of plant genes involved in resistance have been carried out. different molecular techniques were developed to assess the genetic diversity among the xampopulations. characterization of xam population dynamics over time had enable us to determine the d ... | 2004 | 15630621 |
| serial analysis of gene expression (sage) of host-plant resistance to the cassava mosaic disease (cmd). | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a viral disease of the important tropical staple crop cassava (manihot esculenta) and preferred management involves use of host-plant resistance. the best available resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to analyze the gene expression pattern in a bulk of 40 each of cmd resistant and susceptible genotypes drawn from a gene mapping progeny. messenger rna used for the sage analysis came from plants that ... | 2004 | 15630620 |
| bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library resource for positional cloning of pest and disease resistance genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | pest and disease problems are important constraints of cassava production and host plant resistance is the most efficient method of combating them. breeding for host plant resistance is considerably slowed down by the crop's biological constraints of a long growth cycle, high levels of heterozygosity and a large genetic load. more efficient methods such as gene cloning and transgenesis are required to deploy resistance genes. to facilitate the cloning of resistance genes, bacterial artificial ch ... | 2004 | 15630619 |
| a unigene catalogue of 5700 expressed genes in cassava. | two economically important characters, starch content and cassava bacterial blight resistance, were targeted to generate a large collection of cassava ests. two libraries were constructed from cassava root tissues of varieties with high and low starch contents. other libraries were constructed from plant tissues challenged by the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis. we report here the single pass sequencing of 11,954 cdna clones from the 5' ends, including 111 from the 3' ends. cluster ... | 2004 | 15630618 |
| an est resource for cassava and other species of euphorbiaceae. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is a major food staple for nearly 600 million people in africa, asia, and latin america. major losses in yield result from biotic and abiotic stresses that include diseases such as cassava mosaic disease (cmd) and cassava bacterial blight (cbb), drought, and acid soils. additional losses also occur from deterioration during the post-harvest storage of roots. to help cassava breeders overcome these obstacles, the scientific community has turned to modern genomics appro ... | 2004 | 15630617 |
| snps, ssrs and inferences on cassava's origin. | despite its importance as a staple food throughout the tropics, the root crop cassava (it manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) has traditionally not been a major focus of research. one basic question about cassava that remained unresolved until recently concerns the crop's origin. this paper describes analyses of snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and ssr (simple sequence repeat) variation as a means of tracing cassava's evolutionary and geographical origins. genetic diversity was examined in a ... | 2004 | 15630616 |
| rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3, a bacterium producing a nitrile hydratase. | rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3 was isolated from an arable land of manioc from the congo for its ability to transform acrylonitrile to acrylamide. this strain contains a cobalt nitrile hydratase (nhase) showing high sequence homology with nhases so far described. the specific nhase activity was 97 u mg(-1) dry wt. nhase production by r. pyridinovorans mw3 was urea and co-dependent. the nhase was active for acrylamide up to 60% (w/v) indicating its potential for acrylamide production. | 2004 | 15604767 |
| growth and dietary utilisation in goldfish (carassius auratus linn.) fed diets formulated with various local agro-produces. | during a 60 d feeding trial, goldfish (carassius auratus) measuring 1.66+/-0.02 g by weight and 4.2+/-0.02 mm by length were fed diets containing 23.34%, 26.21%, 29.30%, 32.24% and 42.53% crude protein in feeds i through v respectively. the four formulated-diets (feeds i, ii, iv and v) contained groundnut oil-cake, wheat bran, soybean meal, fish meal, cod liver oil, vegetable oil and vitamin-mineral mixture with tapioca as binder and a commercially-available diet (feed iii) procured from the mar ... | 2005 | 15588775 |
| neurochemical and behavioural correlates in cassava-induced neurotoxicity in rats. | chronic cyanide intoxication from cassava has been implicated as the cause for a degenerative neuropathy known widely as tropical ataxic neuropathy. an attempt has been made in this study to identify the specific cause for neuropathy caused by cassava using wistar strain albino rats as the experimental animal model. the results of cassava fed animals were compared with control animals, animals given cyanide, malnourished animals and malnourished animals fed cyanide, to identify the causative fac ... | 2000 | 15545004 |
| a comparison of constitutive promoters for expression of transgenes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. three promoters, the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) promoter were each fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) gene. the highest gus enzyme activity was obtained using the csvmv promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. the 35s ... | 2004 | 15517994 |
| both indian cassava mosaic virus and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus are found in india and exhibit high variability as assessed by pcr-rflp. | the biodiversity of geminiviruses associated with the cassava mosaic disease (cmd) in india was investigated using pcr to specifically amplify the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) or sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) and also by using pcr to amplify specific viral genes, followed by digestion with different restriction endonucleases to obtain polymorphic patterns (pcr-rflp). results showed that both icmv and slcmv were present in mosaic-affected cassava; icmv was geographically re ... | 2005 | 15503225 |
| kinetics of gibberella fujikuroi growth and gibberellic acid production by solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed column bioreactor. | in this work the growth of gibberella fujikuroi and gibberellic acid (ga3) production were studied using coffee husk and cassava bagasse as substrates in a packed-bed column bioreactor connected to a gas chromatograph for exit gas analysis. with the respirometric data, a logarithmic correlation between accumulated co2 and biomass production was determined, and the kinetics of the fungal growth was compared for estimated and experimental data. the solid medium consisted of coffee husk (pretreated ... | 2004 | 15458329 |
| anomalous effect of compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose tablets. | the effect of varying the compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose and lactose tablets has been investigated. tablet tensile strength, (t), packing fraction, (pf), and brittle fracture index (bfi) were determined at different compression pressures (0.82, 1.22 and 1.63 mpa). in another aspect of the study, alpha-cellulose and tapioca powders were mixed in various proportions to obtain powders of varying plastoelasticity. their tableting characteristics t, pf and bf ... | 2004 | 15454298 |
| east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus - a recombinant begomovirus species with a mild phenotype. | cassava plants exhibiting mild symptoms of cassava mosaic disease (cmd) were collected from unguja island, zanzibar. cuttings grown from these plants in the glasshouse produced similar symptoms, which were milder than those caused by other known cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs). the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), transmitted the putative virus to 27.7% (n = 18) of target plants. total dna extracted from diseased leaves did not yield diagnostic pcr-bands using virus-specific prim ... | 2004 | 15375675 |
| microbiological quality of fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin'. | a study was conducted on the microbiological quality of traditionally fermented cassava flour 'kpor umilin' and a laboratory modification of the method developed with a view to upgrading the traditional process. microbial analysis of samples from both processing methods was evaluated using standard microbiological methods. the bacterial count in the traditionally processed flours ranged from 2.7 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(7) cfu/g, while the modified sample had a count of 3.5 x 10(2) cfu/g. the predomi ... | 2004 | 15369985 |
| determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines. | antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), manihot utillissima (tapioca shoo ... | 2004 | 15331345 |
| response of cassava leaf area expansion to water deficit: cell proliferation, cell expansion and delayed development. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is an important food crop in the tropics that has a high growth rate in optimal conditions, but also performs well in drought-prone climates. the objectives of this work were to determine the effects of water deficit and rewatering on the rate of expansion of leaves at different developmental stages and to evaluate the extent to which decreases in cell proliferation, expansion, and delay in development are responsible for reduced growth. | 2004 | 15319226 |
| regeneration of transgenic cassava from transformed embryogenic tissues. | production of transgenic plants is gradually becoming routine in cassava biotechnology. green cotyledons of maturing somatic embryos (somatic cotyledons for short) and friable embryogenic suspensions (fes) are the target tissues for transformation by agrobacterium or biolistics. putative transgenic shoots develop from transformed somatic cotyledons via shoot organogenesis or from fes via somatic embryogenesis under selection. maturation of transgenic somatic embryos is induced by transfer to mat ... | 2005 | 15310920 |
| enzymatic enantioselective transcyanation of silicon-containing aliphatic ketone with (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) was shown for the first time to be able to catalyze the enantioselective transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane (atms) with acetone cyanohydrin to form (s)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile in an aqueous/organic biphasic system. to better understand the reaction, various influential variables were examined. the most suitable organic phase, optimal buffer ph, aqueous phase content, shaking rate, temperature, concentration of atms, a ... | 2004 | 15309340 |
| differential roles of ac2 and ac4 of cassava geminiviruses in mediating synergism and suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing. | posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in plants is a natural defense mechanism against virus infection. in mixed infections, virus synergism is proposed to result from suppression of the host defense mechanism by the viruses. synergistic severe mosaic disease caused by simultaneous infection with isolates of the cameroon strain of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv-[cm]) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) in cassava and tobacco is characterized by a dramatic increase in ... | 2004 | 15308741 |
| xanthan gum production from cassava bagasse hydrolysate with xanthomonas campestris using alternative sources of nitrogen. | cassava bagasse was hydrolyzed using hcl and the hydrolysate was used for the production of xanthan gum using a bacterial culture of xanthomonas campestris. cassava bagasse hydrolysate with an initial concentration of approx 20 g of glucose/l proved to be the best substrate concentration for xanthan gum production. among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested to supplement the medium-urea, yeast extract, peptone, potassium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate-potassium nitrate was most suita ... | 2004 | 15304758 |
| comparison of citric acid production by solid-state fermentation in flask, column, tray, and drum bioreactors. | studies were conducted to evaluate citric acid production by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using cassava bagasse as substrate employing a fungal culture of aspergillus niger lpb 21 at laboratory and semipilot scale. optimization of the process parameters temperature, ph, initial humidity, aeration, and nutritive composition was conducted in flasks and column fermentors. the results showed that thermal treatment of cassava bagasse enhanced fungal fermentation efficacy, resulting in 220 g of citr ... | 2004 | 15304757 |
| development of a bionematicide with paecilomyces lilacinus to control meloidogyne incognita. | root-knot disease caused by meloidogyne incognita is a matter of grave concern because it affects several economically important crop plants. the use of solid-state fermentation (ssf) may help to elaborate efficient formulations with fungi to be employed in the biologic control of nematodes. attempts were made to select low-cost substrates for spore production of a strain of paecilomyces lilacinus with known nematicide capacity. coffee husks, cassava bagasse, and defatted soybean cake were utili ... | 2004 | 15304741 |
| utilization of various carbohydrate sources as affected by age in the chick. | in 3 experiments, new hampshire x columbian male chicks were fed carbohydrate-soybean meal (sbm) or casein diets from 0 to 21 d of age, and men was determined at 0 to 2, 3 to 4, 7, 14, and 21 d of age. carbohydrate sources evaluated in experiment 1 were dextrose (d-glucose), conventional cornstarch, dextrinized cornstarch, corn-syrup solids, pregelatinized unmodified cornstarch, pregelatinized tapioca starch, tapioca dextrin, high-amylose starch, and polycose (mixed glucose polymers). carbohydra ... | 2004 | 15285505 |
| effect of co-administration of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) rich diet and alcohol in rats. | the effects of co-administration of a cassava rich diet and alcohol in rats were investigated. the animals were divided into four groups (1) control, (2) alcohol, (3) cassava and (4) alcohol + cassava. consumption of alcohol along with cassava reduced the alcohol induced toxicity which was evidenced by the lower activities of got, gpt, ggt, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver and serum of co-administered group. the pyruvate content in the blood increased while the lactate cont ... | 2004 | 15270368 |
| production of fructosyl transferase by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products. | fructosyl transferase (ftase) production by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 was carried out by solid-state fermentation (ssf), using various agricultural by-products like cereal bran, corn products, sugarcane bagasse,cassava bagasse (tippi) and by-products of coffee and tea processing. the ftase produced was used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), using 60% sucrose as substrate. among the cereal bran used, rice bran and wheat bran were good substrates for ftase production by a. oryz ... | 2004 | 15221221 |
| short interfering rna accumulation correlates with host recovery in dna virus-infected hosts, and gene silencing targets specific viral sequences. | viruses are both inducers and targets of posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs), a natural defense mechanism in plants. here we report molecular evidence of the ability of single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses to induce ptgs in infected plants irrespective of the severity of or recovery from the symptoms. our results reveal that five distinct species of cassava-infecting geminiviruses were capable of triggering ptgs by producing two classes of virus-specific short interfering rnas (sirnas) of 2 ... | 2004 | 15220420 |
| goitrogenic content of indian cyanogenic plant foods & their in vitro anti-thyroidal activity. | consumption of cyanogenic foods has been considered as one of the etiological factors in certain instances for the persistence of endemic goitre. the present study was undertaken to study the cyanogenic glucosides, glucosinolates and thiocyanate content in edible portion of certain selected plant foods of indian origin. further in vitro anti-thyroidal activity using raw, boiled and cooked extracts of these plants with and without excess iodide was also studied. | 2004 | 15218979 |
| geminate structures of african cassava mosaic virus. | two types of geminate structures were purified from african cassava mosaic geminivirus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. after cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation, they were separated into lighter top (t) and heavier bottom (b) components. t particles comigrated with host proteins, whereas b particles were concentrated in a cesium density typical for complete virions. both particles were composed of two incom ... | 2004 | 15194750 |
| multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava-maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of west africa. | multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in benin, west africa. two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. key pests under study on maize were the noctuid sesamia calamistis hampson and the pyralids eldana saccharina walker and mussidia nigrivenella ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matile- ... | 2004 | 15191627 |
| anopheles gambiae feeding and survival on honeydew and extra-floral nectar of peridomestic plants. | it is widely believed that the malaria vector anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) rarely or never feeds on sugar in nature. if so, the need for supplemental blood-feeding may be increased and this would help to explain why it is such an efficient malaria vector. nonetheless, both sexes of this mosquito species readily imbibe and digest sugar solutions, and sugar is a staple of laboratory colonies. in this study, we investigated whether an. gambiae will feed on the extra-floral nectar of ... | 2004 | 15189234 |
| glycaemic index of selected staples commonly eaten in the caribbean and the effects of boiling v. crushing. | integrating information about the glycaemic index (gi) of foods into the caribbean diet is limited by the lack of data. therefore, we determined the gi of eight staple foods eaten in the caribbean and the effect on gi of crushing selected tubers. groups of eight to ten healthy volunteers participated in three studies at two sites. gi was determined using a standard method with white bread and adjusted relative to glucose. the mean area under the glucose response curve elicited by white bread was ... | 2004 | 15182400 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris mimicking a vascular tumour: a clinicopathological correlation. | although vascular iris processes are usually benign, they may be a clinical manifestation of iris melanoma, and this should be considered in the differential diagnosis. the case is reported of a 20-year-old man with a highly vascularized tapioca melanoma of the left iris without involvement of the anterior chamber angle or ciliary body, but with observed growth tendency. sector iridectomy was performed 2 months after first examination. in addition, two separate floating tumour nodules were obser ... | 2004 | 15180848 |
| rotenone-sensitive mitochondrial potential in phytomonas serpens: electrophoretic ca(2+) accumulation. | phytomonas sp. are flagellated trypanosomatid plant parasites that cause diseases of economic importance in plantations of coffee, oil palm, cassava and coconuts. here we investigated ca(2+) uptake by the vanadate-insensitive compartments using permeabilized phytomonas serpens promastigotes. this uptake occurs at a rate of 1.13+/-0.23 nmol ca(2+) mg x protein(-1) min(-1). it is completely abolished by the h(+) ionophore fccp and by valinomycin and nigericin. it is also inhibited by 2 microm ruth ... | 2004 | 15178471 |
| assessment of daily intake of trace elements due to consumption of foodstuffs by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. | concentrations of al, cd, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, u and zn were determined in vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, grain and cereal), derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour, and pasta) and animal products (meat, fish, milk) most frequently consumed by adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. a total of 90 samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icpms) as the principal method following sample dissolution by dry and wet ashing. g ... | 2004 | 15172572 |
| phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. | control of diseases in the key tropical staple, cassava, is dependent on resistant genotypes, but the innate mechanisms are unknown. the aim was to study phenylpropanoids and associated enzymes as possible defence components. | 2004 | 15145789 |
| souring and breakdown of cyanogenic glucosides during the processing of cassava into akyeke. | the population and composition of the lactic acid bacteria microbiota as well as the content of cyanogenic glucosides occurring at various stages of fermentation and subsequent processing of cassava roots into akyeke, a steamed sour cassava meal, were investigated. the number of lactic acid bacteria and percentage titratable acidity increased during 5 days of fermentation, but decreases were observed in the subsequent operations of 'washing' the dough with water followed by partial drying and st ... | 2004 | 15135588 |
| biosynthesis of the nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and d and the cyanogenic glucosides lotaustralin and linamarin in lotus japonicus. | lotus japonicus was shown to contain the two nitrile glucosides rhodiocyanoside a and rhodiocyanoside d as well as the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. the content of cyanogenic and nitrile glucosides in l. japonicus depends on plant developmental stage and tissue. the cyanide potential is highest in young seedlings and in apical leaves of mature plants. roots and seeds are acyanogenic. biosynthetic studies using radioisotopes demonstrated that lotaustralin, rhodiocyanoside a, a ... | 2004 | 15122013 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a cactus virus x strain from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae). | the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of cactus virus x (cvx-hu) isolated from hylocereus undatus (cactaceae) has been determined. excluding the poly(a) tail, the sequence is 6614 nucleotides in length and contains seven open reading frames (orfs). the genome organization of cvx is similar to that of other potexviruses. orf1 encodes the putative viral replicase with conserved methyltransferase, helicase, and polymerase motifs. within orf1, two other orfs were located separately in the +2 ... | 2004 | 15098117 |
| [serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in isolated amerindians, mato grosso]. | this study determined the occurrence of the antibodies anti-toxoplasma gondii among the enawenê-nawê, an indigenous population of mato grosso. these inhabit a vast wild area, with rare contacts with non-indians. they do not keep domestic animals, including cats. their diet is based on insects, cassava, corn, honey and mushrooms, they do not consume meat, except fish. based on the above, serologic tests elisa-igg and indirect fluorescent antibody test for igg/igm were performed. from 148 samples, ... | 2003 | 15049105 |
| maternal thiocyanate and thyroid status during breast-feeding. | cyanogenic glucosides are naturally present in plant foods especially in staple foods (cassava) consumed by millions of people in tropical countries. most traditional processing methods are effective in detoxifying such goitrogens to safe levels of consumption. nevertheless, residual cyanide (cn) is rapidly metabolized to thiocyanate (scn) by existing metabolic pathways. there are concerns that goitrogens may reach the nursing infants through breast feeding or cow's milk based formulas. scn adve ... | 2004 | 15047674 |
| begomoviruses from mungbeans in pakistan: epitope profiles, dna a sequences and phylogenetic relationships. | monoclonal antibodies raised against particles of african cassava mosaic virus, indian cassava mosaic virus or okra leaf curl virus were used to test samples collected in pakistan from begomovirus-infected plants. epitope profiles obtained from cucurbits resembled those previously reported for pakistani begomoviruses. in contrast, epitope profiles obtained from legumes showed little diversity and were quite distinct from these. dna with nucleotide sequences typical of begomovirus dna a component ... | 2004 | 15045567 |
| cassava cyanogens and fish mercury are high but safely consumed in the diet of native amazonians. | the two most important staple foods (cassava and fish) in the diet of native amazonians contain neurotoxins (linamarin and monomethyl mercury, mmhg). these same neurotoxins are public health issues in other parts of the world. factors such as chemistry, environment, and human ecology determine the endemism of neuropathies caused by consumption of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and fish. linamarin is a natural component of cassava tubers that can be destroyed before consumption by proper proc ... | 2004 | 15041248 |
| methods of surveying the incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease and whitefly vector populations on cassava in africa: a review. | field surveys in many cassava growing areas of africa have assessed the incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease (cmd), populations of the whitefly vector (bemisia tabaci), and the distribution of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs). the methods employed differ greatly between countries and attempts at standardization were made in recent cmd surveys in east and central africa, notably in the systemwide whitefly ipm project, which provides a paradigm for future work on cmbs and whiteflies ... | 2004 | 15036844 |
| cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of cassava by encapsulation-vitrification method. | shoot tips of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in vitro plantlets were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-vitrification technique. nodal cuttings of 5 mm length with one leaf were cultured on modified ms medium in petri dishes (90 mm x 20 mm) for about 28 days. excised shoot tips were precultured on sucrose enriched (0.3 m) medium for 16 h, encapsulated and osmoprotected with a mixture of 2 m glycerol and 0.6 m sucrose for 90 min at 25 degree c before dehydration with pvs2 at 0 ... | 2004 | 15031745 |
| gene flow between cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and wild relatives. | controlled and natural hybridization between cassava and wild relatives does occur. barriers within the genus appear to be weak due to recent evolution of the group. all manihot species examined cytogenetically have a chromosome number of 2n = 36. however, they behave meiotically as diploids. the weak interspecific barriers have led to an extremely heterozygous gene pool that may begin a sequence of hybridization followed by speciation. introgression from cassava into a number of wild species (m ... | 2003 | 15011137 |
| biosurfactant production by bacillus subtilis using cassava-processing effluent. | a cassava flour-processing effluent (manipueira) was evaluated as a substrate for surfactant production by two bacillus subtilis strains. b. subtilis atcc 21332 reduced the surface tension of the medium to 25.9 mn/m, producing a crude biosurfactant concentration of 2.2 g/l. the wild-type strain, b. subtilis lb5a, reduced the surface tension of the medium to 26.6 mn/m, giving a crude biosurfactant concentration of 3.0 g/l. a decrease in surfactant concentration observed for b. subtilis atcc 21332 ... | 2004 | 15007184 |
| reaction mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyases of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily: the three-dimensional structure of the transient enzyme-substrate complex certifies the crucial role of lys236. | the hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl) and from manihot esculenta (mehnl) are both members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. mechanistic proposals have been put forward in the past for both enzymes; they differed with respect to the role of the active-site lysine residue for which a catalytic function was claimed for the hevea enzyme but denied for the manihot enzyme. we applied a freeze-quench method to prepare crystals of the complex of hbhnl with the biologica ... | 2004 | 14998991 |
| bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) biotypes in india. | host plant performance, esterase, and virus transmission tests revealed cassava-strain and sweetpotato-strain populations of whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotypes in india. individuals from the sweetpotato-reared population did not breed on cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and the cassava-strain-reared individuals failed to develop on sweetpotato, ipomoea batatus (l.) lam. eggplant, solanum melongena l., and tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l., were common hosts for both biotypes. the cassava ... | 2003 | 14994796 |
| preparation of spray-dried wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide among many methods available to control insects. to make a saleable product, b. thuringiensis must be substantially concentrated by removal of water and formulated to improve longevity, efficacy, and ease of transport of the product. b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai culture broth as an active ingredient was mixed with various adjuvants and then spray dried. the optimum conditions for spray drying were found to be an outlet temperature of ... | 2003 | 14994793 |
| [physicochemical and functional evaluation of pregelatinized and microwaved cassava (manihot esculenta cranz) starches]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two physical modification methods, drum-drying pregelatinization and microwave heating (at 25% moisture), on some characteristics of cassava starch. the water absorption, solubility and swelling power of pregelatinized starch increased considerably between 65 and 90 degrees c (56 to 86 g water/g starch, 89 to 99% and 63 to 87, respectively), while in microwaved starch these indices dropped, in general terms, from 75 degrees c (5 to 37 g water/g ... | 2003 | 14976784 |
| short deletions in nuclear targeting sequences of african cassava mosaic virus coat protein prevent geminivirus twinned particle formation. | coat proteins (cps) of geminiviruses are multifunctional proteins. using transient expression experiments, we have recently identified putative sequence motifs of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) cp involved in nuclear import (nls) and export (nes) (virology 286 (2001) 373). here, we report on the effect of corresponding deletion mutants in the context of infecting viruses. since nls and nes may overlap with dna binding and multimerisation domains, we have investigated their effect on viral i ... | 2004 | 14972538 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz genetic resources: vi. anatomy of a diversity center. | central brasil is one of the four centers of diversity of manihot species. of 26 wild manihot species reported to occur in this region, 20 were collected from two limited areas, each less than 100 km in diameter. these two areas are goiás velho and corumbá de goiás. considering the harlan concept of geographic patterns of variation of cultivated crops, it is assumed that the two areas are microcenters of cassava diversity. topographic, soil and ethnological data of these species were collected a ... | 2003 | 14966687 |
| apomixis and cassava. | apomixis means seed formation without fertilization. in cassava (manihot esculenta) it is an alternative to reproduction by cuttings, which normally transmits pathogens and leads to an accumulation of viral and bacterial diseases. apomixis also assures preservation of heterosis and avoids genetic segregation. it occurs in wild relatives of cassava and has been transferred successfully from manihot glaziovii and m. neusana. it is facultative, and occurs at a low frequency, ranging from 1-2%, and ... | 2002 | 14963841 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genetic resources: origin of the crop, its evolution and relationships with wild relatives. | about 98 species of manihot are known. all of them are native to the new world and are concentrated in four regions in brazil and central america. all the manihot species so far examined have 2n = 36 chromosomes. interspecific hybrids between cassava and its wild relatives show relatively normal meiosis, and further generations can be obtained. electrophoresis shows affinity among wild species of different sections, and between some of them and cassava. both polyploidy and apomixis may have cont ... | 2002 | 14963820 |
| the supplementary effect of pulses and rice on tapioca diet. | 1951 | 14937748 | |
| [manioc complex as evidence of amerind influence in brazilian nutrition]. | 1951 | 14850025 | |
| hydrocyanic acid poisoning in nutrias caused by cassava (manihot utilissima pohl). | 1951 | 14848588 | |
| genetic structure and population dynamics of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia from 1995 to 1999. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used to study the population genetics and temporal dynamics of the cassava bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. the population dynamics were addressed by comparing samples collected from 1995 to 1999 from six locations, spanning four different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs). forty-five different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis rflp types or haplotypes were identified between 1995 and 1999. high genetic diversity of the x. axonop ... | 2004 | 14711649 |
| possible etiologies for tropical spastic paraparesis and human t lymphotropic virus i-associated myelopathy. | the epidemiology of tropical spastic paraparesis/human t lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i)-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) is frequently inconsistent and suggests environmental factors in the etiology of these syndromes. the neuropathology corresponds to a toxometabolic or autoimmune process and possibly not to a viral disease. some logical hypotheses about the etiology and physiopathology of tsp and ham are proposed. glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, central distal axonopathies, cassava, lathyrism ... | 2004 | 14689037 |
| acid hydrolysis of native and annealed starches and branch-structure of their naegeli dextrins. | eight commercial starches, including common corn, waxy corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, hylon v, hylon vii, and mung bean starch, were annealed by a multiple-step process, and their gelatinization characteristics were determined. annealed starches had higher gelatinization temperatures, reduced gelatinization ranges, and increased gelatinization enthalpies than their native starches. the annealed starches with the highest gelatinization enthalpies were subjected to acid hydrolysis with 15.3% h2so4, ... | 2003 | 14667708 |