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identification of a homeologous chromosome pair by in situ dna hybridization to ribosomal rna loci in meiotic chromosomes of cotton (gossypium hirsutum).in situ dna hybridization with 18s-28s and 5s ribosomal dna probes was used to map 18s-28s nucleolar organizers and tandem 5s repeats to meiotic chromosomes of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). mapping was performed by correlating hybridization sites to particular positions in translocation quadrivalents. arm assignment required translocation quadrivalents with at least one interstitial chiasma and sufficient distance between the hybridization site and the centromere. we had previously localized a ...199318470044
ish-facilitated analysis of meiotic bivalent pairing.chiasmata constitute one of the cornerstones of sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes. they mediate the reciprocal genetic exchange between homologues and are essential to the proper orientation of the homologous centromeres in meiosis i. as markers of recombination, they offer a cytological means of mapping. rather than trying to accurately count individual chiasmata, we have examined properties of the mathematical relationship between frequencies of nonadorned disomic configurations in meiosi ...199618469936
toxicity and characterization of cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins for control of lepidopteran pests.cry1ac protoxin (the active insecticidal toxin in both bollgard and bollgard ii cotton [gossypium hirsutum l.]), and cry2ab2 toxin (the second insecticidal toxin in bollgard ii cotton) were bioassayed against five of the primary lepidopteran pests of cotton by using diet incorporation. cry1ac was the most toxic to heliothis virescens (f.) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders), demonstrated good activity against helicoverpa zea (boddie), and had negligible toxicity against spodoptera exigua (hü ...200818459423
effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on bt resistance in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae).refuges of non-bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., are used to delay bt resistance in pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. contamination of refuges by bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the bt toxin cry1ac; 2) hemizygous bt plants with 70-80% of ...200818459418
evaluation of extended-life pheromone formulations used with and without dichlorvos for boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) trapping.boll weevil traps baited with a combolure (25 of mg grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 90 of mg dichlorvos [ddvp]), an extended-release lure (25 mg of grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 60 of mg ddvp kill-strip), and extended-release lure with no ddvp were evaluated for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), captures in south texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during february-march 2005 and march-april 2006. the traps were serviced once a week for five cons ...200818459404
low temperature and light regulate delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2) at a transcriptional level in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).lipid modifying enzymes play a key role in the development of cold stress tolerance in cold-resistant plants such as cereals. however, little is known about the role of the endogenous enzymes in cold-sensitive species such as cotton. delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (fad2), known to participate in adaptation to low temperatures through acyl chain modifications were used in gene expression studies in order to identify parameters of plant response to low temperatures. the induction of microsomal de ...200818453533
tillage, cropping systems, and nitrogen fertilizer source effects on soil carbon sequestration and fractions.quantification of soil carbon (c) cycling as influenced by management practices is needed for c sequestration and soil quality improvement. we evaluated the 10-yr effects of tillage, cropping system, and n source on crop residue and soil c fractions at 0- to 20-cm depth in decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, typic paleudults) in northern alabama, usa. treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices (no-till [nt], mulch till [mt], and conventional till [ct ...201518453410
sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) as a pre-columbian domesticate in mexico.mexico has long been recognized as one of the world's cradles of domestication with evidence for squash (cucurbita pepo) cultivation appearing as early as 8,000 cal b.c. followed by many other plants, such as maize (zea mays), peppers (capsicum annuum), common beans (phaseolus vulgaris), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we present archaeological, linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data demonstrating that sunflower (helianthus annuus) had entered the repertoire of mexican domesticates by ...200818443289
the crystal structure of calcium-bound annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum and its implications for membrane binding mechanisms of plant annexins.plant annexins show distinct differences in comparison with their animal orthologues. in particular, the endonexin sequence, which is responsible for coordination of calcium ions in type ii binding sites, is only partially conserved in plant annexins. the crystal structure of calcium-bound cotton annexin gh1 was solved at 2.5 a resolution and shows three metal ions coordinated in the first and fourth repeat in types ii and iii binding sites. although the protein has no detectable affinity for ca ...200818441010
cu/zn superoxide dismutases in developing cotton fibers: evidence for an extracellular form.hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules in diverse physiological processes. previously, we discovered superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in extracellular protein preparations from fiber-bearing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds. we show here, based on immunoreactivity, that the enzyme is a cu/zn-sod (csd). immunogold localization shows that csd localizes to secondary cell walls of developing cotton fibers. five cotton csd cdnas were cloned from c ...200818425534
carbon dioxide efflux from soil with poultry litter applications in conventional and conservation tillage systems in northern alabama.increased co2 release from soils resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage has generated concerns about contributions to global warming. maintaining current levels of soil c and/or sequestering additional c in soils are important mechanisms to reduce co2 in the atmosphere through production agriculture. we conducted a study in northern alabama from 2003 to 2006 to measure co2 efflux and c storage in long-term tilled and non-tilled cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plots receiving poultr ...201318396538
characterization and expression of plasma and tonoplast membrane aquaporins in elongating cotton fibers.cotton fiber (gossypium hirsutum l. and g. barbadense l.) is a good model for studies of plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. aquaporins are ancient membrane channel proteins that facilitate the permeation of water across biological membranes. we studied ghpip1-2, encoding plasma membrane intrinsic protein, and ghgammatip1, encoding tonoplast intrinsic protein, during cotton fiber development. the full-length cdnas of ghpip1-2 and ghgammatip1 were obtained through 5' race. the deduced ...200818392624
increased terpenoid accumulation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) foliage is a general wound response.the subepidermal pigment glands of cotton accumulate a variety of terpenoid products, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and terpenoid aldehydes that can act as feeding deterrents against a number of insect herbivore species. we compared the effect of herbivory by spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, mechanical damage by a fabric pattern wheel, and the application of jasmonic acid on levels of the major representatives of the three structural classes of terpenoids in the leaf foliage of 4-we ...200818386096
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in sub-saharan savannas of benin, west africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone.the rapid decline of soil fertility of cultivated lands in the sub-saharan savannas of west africa is considered to be the main cause of the increasingly severe constraints of food production. the soils in this tropical area are highly fragile, and crop yields are limited by characteristically low levels of available phosphorus. under such preconditions, the multiple benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis are likely to play a pivotal role for maintaining natural soil fertility by ...200818386078
molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ...200818357465
isolation and structural characterization of a novel oligosaccharide from the rhamnogalacturonan of gossypium hirsutum l.an alkali extract of cell walls of gossypium hirsutum l. was sequentially digested by endo-polygalacturonase (ec 3.2.1.15), arabinofuranosidase an1571.2 (ec 3.2.1.55), endo-arabinase (ec 3.2.1.99), and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase an9314.2 (ec 3.2.1.15). the rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase-generated oligosaccharides were separated by ultrafiltration, size-exclusion, and anion exchange chromatography. fractions from the anion exchange chromatography were pooled, lyophilized, and screened by maldi-to ...200818353294
interactive effects of elevated co2 and cotton cultivar on tri-trophic interaction of gossypium hirsutum, aphis gossyppii, and propylaea japonica.information on the effects of enriched co2 on both the chemical composition of plants and the consequences of such changes for performance of a herbivore and its predator is an important first step in understanding the responses of plants and insects to global environmental change. we examined interactions across three trophic levels, cotton, gossypium hirsutum, an aphid herbivore, aphis gossypii glover, and a coccinellid predator, propylaea japonica (thunberg), as affected by elevated co2 conce ...200818348793
baseline susceptibility of tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1f toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., lines expressing both cry1f and cry1ac insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been commercially available in the united states since 2005. both bt proteins are highly effective against tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.), and other lepidopteran pests of cotton. although crylac has been available in bt cotton since 1996, the cry1f component is relatively new. as part of the proactive resistance management program for cry1f/cry1a ...200818330132
relationships of abscised cotton fruit to boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding, oviposition, and development.abscised cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit in field plots planted at different times were examined to assess adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), use of squares and bolls during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. although boll abscission is not necessarily related to infestation, generally more bolls abscised than squares and abundances of fallen bolls were not related to the planting date treatments. during 2003, fallen square ...200818330118
rise and fall of cotton aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations in southeastern cotton production systems.the impact of natural enemies on cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), populations in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production systems in the southeastern united states was evaluated over 3 yr in irrigated commercial cotton fields. fungal epizootics caused by the entomopathogen neozygites fresenii (nowakowski) batko reduced aphid numbers to subthreshold levels in 1999, 2000, and 2001 and occurred consistently in early to mid-july in all 3 yr. scymnus spp. were the most abu ...200818330112
analysis of genetic effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction on quantitative traits: genetic models for seed traits of plants.two genetic models (an embryo model and an endosperm model) were proposed for analyzing genetic effects of nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genes, maternal genes, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (nci) as well as their genotype by environment interaction for quantitative traits of plant seed. in these models, the nci effects were partitioned into direct additive and dominance nci components. mixed linear model approaches were employed for statistical analysis. for both balanced and unbalanced diall ...200818283427
integrating soil conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops: impacts on soil.conservation practices often associated with glyphosate-resistant crops, e.g. limited tillage and crop cover, improve soil conditions, but only limited research has evaluated their effects on soil in combination with glyphosate-resistant crops. it is assumed that conservation practices have similar benefits to soil whether or not glyphosate-resistant crops are used. this paper reviews the impact on soil of conservation practices and glyphosate-resistant crops, and presents data from a mississipp ...200818275105
comparison of direct and indirect sampling methods for tarnished plant bug (hemiptera: miridae) in flowering cotton.a complex of hemipterans, especially the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois) (hemiptera: miridae), has become a major target of insecticides in flowering cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the mid-southern united states. sampling protocols for this complex during this period of cotton development are poorly established, resulting in uncertainty about when infestations warrant treatment. nine direct and indirect sampling methods were evaluated for bias, precision, and effic ...200718232411
molecular cloning and characterization of ghnpr1, a gene implicated in pathogen responses from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a novel gene, designated as ghnpr1 (gossypium hirsutum non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1), was isolated from g. hirsutum (cotton) by rt-pcr (reverse transcription-pcr) and race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the full-length cdna was 2108 bp long and had an orf (open reading frame) that putatively encoded a polypeptide of 592 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 66 kda. comparison of this protein sequence with that of arabidopsis thaliana, brassica juncea and nicotiana ...200818215146
detection and characterization of cry1ac transgene construct in bt cotton: multiple polymerase chain reaction approach.to comply with international labeling regulations for genetically modified (gm) crops and food, and to enable proper identification of gm organisms (gmos), effective methodologies and reliable approaches are needed. the spurious and unapproved gm planting has contributed to crop failures and commercial losses. to ensure effective and genuine gm cultivation, a methodology is needed to detect and identify the trait of interest and concurrently evaluate the structural and functional stability of th ...200718193727
novel cotton homeobox gene and its expression profiling in root development and in response to stresses and phytohormones.homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) proteins are transcriptional factors involved in plant development. in this study, one cdna clone (gossypium hirsutum homeobox1, designated ghhb1) encoding hd-zip protein was isolated from a cotton root cdna library. the ghhb1 cdna is 1132 bp in length, including an 828 bp open reading frame that encodes a peptide with 275 amino acids, and 5'/3'untranslated regions. the predicted ghhb1 protein containing a homeodomain and a leucine-rich zipper motif shares rel ...200818180856
characterization and expression analysis of terminal flower1 homologs from cultivated alloteraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and its diploid progenitors.the seasonal cycle and persistence of a plant is governed by a combination of the determinate or indeterminate status of shoot and root apical meristems. a perennial plant is one in which the apical meristem of at least one of its shoot axes remains indeterminate beyond the first growth season. terminal flower1 (tfl1) genes play important roles in regulating flowering time, the fate of inflorescence meristem and perenniality. to investigate the role of tfl1-like genes in the determination of the ...200818171595
comparative analysis of gene expression between cms-d8 restored plants and normal non-restoring fertile plants in cotton by differential display.cms-d8 and its restorer were developed by introducing the cytoplasm and nuclear gene rf (2) from the wild diploid gossypium trilobum (d8) into the cultivated tetraploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). no information is available on how the rf (2) gene interacts with cms-associated genes and how cms-d8 cytoplasm affects nuclear gene expression. the objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in anther tissues between the non-restoring fertile maintainer ark8518 (rf( ...200818080126
molecular cloning and functional analysis of an erf gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).ethylene response factors (erfs) play important roles in regulating plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. in this paper, a new ethylene response factor gene gherf1 was isolated from cotton. the deduced amino acid sequence of gherf1 contained an ap2/erf domain, which shared high similarity with other reported ap2/erf domains and was most closely related to the b3 subgroup of the erf subfamily. the particle bombardment assay showed that gherf1 functioned as an in vivo transcription activator ...200818078841
quantitative real-time pcr assay to detect transgene copy number in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a taqman quantitative real-time pcr detection system was developed to examine transgene copy number in cotton. ghubc1, a gene validated to be present as a single copy per haploid gossypium hirsutum genome, was used as the endogenous reference to estimate copy number of gfp and selection marker nptii in 28 t0 plants. this system was found to be more accurate than genomic southern blot hybridization and could effectively tell homozygotes from heterozygotes in a t1 transgenic cotton population. the ...200818078801
functional characterization of a cotton late embryogenesis-abundant d113 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco.previous studies have shown that mrna and protein encoded by late embryogenesis-abundant (lea) gene d113 from gossypium hirsutum l. accumulate at high levels in mature seeds and also in response to abscisic acid (aba) in young embryo. in this study, we studied the expression of four promoter 5' deletion constructs (-1383, -974, -578 and -158) of the lea d113 gene fused to beta-glucuronidase (gus). gus activity analysis revealed that the -578 promoter fragment was necessary to direct seed-specifi ...200818066554
environmental effects on oxygen isotope enrichment of leaf water in cotton leaves.the oxygen isotope enrichment of bulk leaf water (delta(b)) was measured in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) leaves to test the craig-gordon and farquhar-gan models under different environmental conditions. delta(b) increased with increasing leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (vpd) as an overall result of the responses to the ratio of ambient to intercellular vapor pressures (e(a)/e(i)) and to stomatal conductance (g(s)). the oxygen isotope enrichment of lamina water relative to source water (delt ...200818065567
feeding and oviposition preference of phyllophaga cuyabana (moser) (coleoptera: melolonthidae) on several crops.laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study food and oviposition preference by phyllophaga cuyabana (moser) on different plant species as cajanus cajan l. (pigeon pea), crotalaria juncea l. (sun hemp), crotalaria spectabilis roth (showy crotalaria), crotalaria ochroleuca g. don (slenderleaf rattlebox), glycine max [l.] merrill (soybean), gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton), helianthus annuus l. (sunflower), stizolobium aterrimum [mucuna aterrima] piper tracey (velvetbean) and zea ...200718060303
response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) grown during the onset of water limitation was studied by gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to better understand the adaptation mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus to drought conditions. for this, cotton was grown in the field in central asia under well-irrigated and moderately drought-stressed conditions. the light and co(2) responses of photosynthesis (a(g)), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and various ch ...200818053735
identification of differentially expressed genes associated with cotton fiber development in a chromosomal substitution line (cs-b22sh).one of the impediments in the genetic improvement of cotton fiber is the paucity of information about genes associated with fiber development. availability of chromosome arm substitution line cs-b22sh (chromosome 22 short arm substitution from 3-79 (gossypium barbadense) into a tm-1 (gossypium hirsutum) background) provides a novel opportunity to study fiber-associated genes because previous studies revealed this line was associated with some superior fiber quality traits compared to tm-1. we us ...200818043952
molecular cloning, expression profile and promoter analysis of a novel ethylene responsive transcription factor gene gherf4 from cotton (gossypium hirstum).ethylene-responsive element binding factors (erfs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to stress responses. a novel erf gene, designated gherf4, was isolated by race-pcr from gossypium hirsutum. the gherf4 cdna has a total length of 1061bp with an open reading frame of 669bp, encoding a protein of 222 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23.5kda and a calculated pi of 9.03. sequence alignment shows that gherf4 contains a 58 amino acid long ap2/erf domain an ...200818035549
combining ability and heterosis for earliness characters in line x tester population of gossypium hirsutum l.the objective of this study was to estimate the general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for earliness traits for line selection. inheritance and interrelationships of earliness characters were evaluated in a line x tester design. three intermediate-early-maturing female (lines) which are grown regionally and four early-maturing males (testers) cotton varieties were crossed in 2003. the twelve f(1) and seven parents were planted randomized block design w ...200718031352
saturated very-long-chain fatty acids promote cotton fiber and arabidopsis cell elongation by activating ethylene biosynthesis.fatty acids are essential for membrane biosynthesis in all organisms and serve as signaling molecules in many animals. here, we found that saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas; c20:0 to c30:0) exogenously applied in ovule culture medium significantly promoted cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cell elongation, whereas acetochlor (2-chloro-n-[ethoxymethyl]-n-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-acetamide; ace), which inhibits vlcfa biosynthesis, abolished fiber growth. this inhibition was overcome b ...200717993622
influence of nezara viridula feeding on cotton yield, fiber quality, and seed germination.the influence of southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), adults (males and females) and fourth to fifth instars on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., boll abscission, seedcotton yield, fiber quality, and seed viability was evaluated in field studies conducted during 2004 and 2005. cotton bolls representing several age classes ranging from 0-600 heat units were individually infested with a specific gender or life stage of southern green stink bug. adults and nymphs induced abscission of bolls ...200717972633
ethylene induced cotton leaf abscission is associated with higher expression of cellulase (ghcel1) and increased activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in abscission zone.ethylene induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum var rst-39) leaf abscission has been characterized by measuring the activities of acc synthase (acs, e.c. 4.4.1.14), acc oxidase (aco, e.c. 1.14.17.4) and cellulase (e.c. 3.2.1.4). in addition, a leaf abscission specific cdna (ghcel1) has been cloned from cotton, which belongs to the alpha(2) subgroup of cellulases that possess a c-terminus carbohydrate-binding domain. measurement of enzyme activity in the abscission zones of cotton leaf explants expos ...200817964177
molecular cloning and characterization of an inducible rna-dependent rna polymerase gene, ghrdrp, from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) cdna, designated as gossypium hirsutum rdrp (ghrdrp) was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 3,672 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 1,110 amino acids which contained the rdrp conserved functional domain and the signature motif dbdgd. amino acid sequence alignment indicated that ghrdrp shared the highest identity (66.37%) with atrdrp1 and had homology with ...200917929195
molecular characterization of a transient expression gene encoding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).ethylene performs an important function in plant growth and development. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase (acs), the key enzyme involved in ethylene biosynthesis, has been the focus of most ethylene studies. here, a cotton acs gene referred to as gossypium hirsutum acs1 (ghacs1), was isolated. the full-length cdna of ghacs1 encodes for a 476-amino acid protein which harbors seven conserved regions, 11 invariant amino acid residues, and the plp binding active site, all of which ch ...200717927914
cotton ghkch2, a plant-specific kinesin, is low-affinitive and nucleotide-independent as binding to microtubule.kinesin is an atp-driven microtubule motor protein that plays important roles in control of microtubule dynamics, intracellular transport, cell division and signal transduction. the kinesin superfamily is composed of numerous members that are classified into 14 subfamilies. animal kinesins have been well characterized. in contrast, plant kinesins have not yet to be characterized adequately. here, a novel plant-specific kinesin gene, ghkch2, has been cloned from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers ...200717927906
establishment of azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.).biofertilizers contribute in n(2) fixation, p solubilization, phytohormone production and thus enhance plant growth. beneficial plant-microbe interactions and the stability and effectiveness of biofertilizer depend upon the establishment of bacterial strains in the rhizosphere of the plant. this interaction depends upon many factors, one of them being plant exudates. root exudates are composed of small organic molecules like carbonic acids, amino acids or sugars etc., which are released into the ...200717910096
molecular markers linked to the rf2 fertility restorer gene in cotton.cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is a maternally inherited trait in which plants do not produce viable pollen. fertility in plants with cms can be recovered by nuclear restorer genes. most restorer genes cloned so far are members of the pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) protein family. the objective of our study was to use the cms-d8 and restoration (rf2) system of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to develop more dna markers for the rf2 gene. in a backcross population with 112 plants, segregation of ...200717893722
a proteinaceous elicitor sm1 from the beneficial fungus trichoderma virens is required for induced systemic resistance in maize.we have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobin-like elicitor sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study we tested whether colonization of roots by t. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (zea mays), and we further demonstrated the importance of sm1 during maize-fungal interactions using a functional genomics approa ...200717885089
[disturbed structure and function of chloroplasts during blocked biosynthesis of 5'-aminolevulinic acid in the light].xantha-702 mutant of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) proved to have blocked synthesis of 5'-aminolevulinic acid in the light. accordingly, mutant leaves accumulated 2-5% chlorophyll of baseline. mutant plants demonstrated disturbed production of pigment-protein complexes of photosystems i (psi) and ii (psii) and generation of the chloroplast membrane system blocked at the early stages, largely, at the stages of vesicles and single short thylakoid. the functional activity of the psi and psii react ...201617853692
sequence analysis and characterization of vacuolar-type h+ -atpase proteolipid transcript from acanthus ebracteatus vah1.the vacuolar-type h+ -atpase (v-atpase) is a multimeric enzyme with diverse functions in plants such as nutrient transport, flowering, stress tolerance, guard cell movement and development. a partial sequence of v-atpase proteolipid was identified among the expressed sequence tags (ests) generated from acanthus ebracteatus, and selected for full-length sequencing. the 876-nucleotide cdna consists of an open reading frame of 165 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence displays high similarit ...200817852357
effects of proportion and configuration of bacillus thuringiensis cotton on pest abundance, damage, and yield.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., kills several economically important pests, reducing injury and increasing yields. refuges of non-bt cotton are currently planted with bt cotton in different designs to slow pest resistance evolution. to compare the effects of differences in bt/non-bt plant heterogeneity found in different refuge designs on square (flower bud) damage, abscissions, sap-feeding herbivore densities, and yield in cotton, four types of 24-row cotto ...200717849898
toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four insect parasitoids attacking citrus and cotton pests.laboratory studies were carried out to compare the toxicity of seven foliar insecticides to four species of adult beneficial insects representing two families of hymenoptera: aphelinidae (aphytis melinus debach, eretmocerus eremicus rose & zolnerowich, and encarsiaformosa gahan) and mymaridae (gonatocerus ashmeadi girault) that attack california red scale, aonidiella aurantii (maskell); sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (both e. eremicus and e. formosa); and glassy-winged sharpsho ...200717849851
a majority of cotton genes are expressed in single-celled fiber.multicellular eukaryotes contain a diversity of cell types, presumably differing from one another in the suite of genes expressed during development. at present, little is known about the proportion of the genome transcribed in most cell types, nor the degree to which global patterns of expression change during cellular differentiation. to address these questions in a model plant system, we studied the unique and highly exaggerated single-celled, epidermal seed trichomes ("cotton") of cultivated ...200817849148
expression partitioning between genes duplicated by polyploidy under abiotic stress and during organ development.allopolyploidy has been a prominent mode of speciation and a recurrent process during plant evolution and has contributed greatly to the large number of duplicated genes in plant genomes [1-4]. polyploidy often leads to changes in genome organization and gene expression [5-9]. the expression of genes that are duplicated by polyploidy (termed homeologs) can be partitioned between the duplicates so that one copy is expressed and functions only in some organs and the other copy is expressed only in ...200717825563
a strategy for designing multi-taxa specific reference gene systems. example of application--ppi phosphofructokinase (ppi-ppf) used for the detection and quantification of three taxa: maize (zea mays), cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and rice (oryza sativa).in the first part of the paper, we report the description of a new strategy for the development of a plant reference gene system that can be used for genetically modified organism (gmo) analysis. on the basis of in silico research for candidate genes, the design of degenerate primers allowed the obtention of genomic sequences of the selected gene ppi-phosphofructokinase ( ppi-ppf) for nine taxa in which gmos have been developed. the comparison and the analysis of inter- and intraspecies sequence ...200717824661
transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton (gossypium hirsutum) allomone response to cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, in a closed-dynamics co(2) chamber (cdcc).allocation of allomones of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) (cv. gk-12) and non-bt-transgenic cotton (cv. simian-3) grown in elevated co(2) in response to infestation by cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, was studied in a closed-dynamics co(2) chamber. significant increases in foliar condensed tannin and carbon/nitrogen ratio for gk-12 and simian-3 were observed in elevated co(2) relative to ambient co(2,) as partially supported by the carbon nutrient balance hy ...200717805479
cotton ghdreb1 increases plant tolerance to low temperature and is negatively regulated by gibberellic acid.the transcription factors c-repeat binding factors/dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (cbfs/drebs) control the expression of many stress-inducible genes in arabidopsis. a cdna clone, designated ghdreb1, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) by cdna library screening. northern blot analysis indicated that mrna accumulation of ghdreb1 was induced by low temperatures and salt stress, but was not induced by abscisic acid (aba) or drought stress in cotton seedlings. transgenic to ...200717803642
antiquity of american polyploid cotton.fragments of a boll of gossypium hirsutum l. from archeological excavations near tehuacán, mexico, prove that this species existed in 5800 b. c. no doubt remains that american tetraploid cotton species originated through natural hiybridization.196417772618
variable rainfall intensity and tillage effects on runoff, sediment, and carbon losses from a loamy sand under simulated rainfall.the low-carbon, intensively cropped coastal plain soils of georgia are susceptible to runoff, soil loss, and drought. reduced tillage systems offer the best management tool for sustained row crop production. understanding runoff, sediment, and chemical losses from conventional and reduced tillage systems is expected to improve if the effect of a variable rainfall intensity storm was quantified. our objective was to quantify and compare effects of a constant (ic) intensity pattern and a more real ...200717766829
the induction of microsomal nadph:cytochrome p450 and nadh:cytochrome b(5) reductases by long-term salt treatment of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) plants.we studied the effect of salinity on the activity of microsomal nadph:cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr, ec 1.6.2.4) and nadh:ferricytochrome b(5) oxidoreductase (b5r, ec 1.6.2.2) in two dicotyledonous plant species differing in their sensitivity to salt, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv ogosta) and common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv dobrujanski 7). a significant inhibition of fresh weight of salt-treated bean plants was observed, while cotton was affected to a much lesser degree. nacl applicati ...200717761430
determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells.the limiting diameter of pores in the walls of living plant cells through which molecules can freely pass has been determined by a solute exclusion technique to be 35 to 38 angstroms for hair cells of raphanus sativus roots and fibers of gossypium hirsutum, 38 to 40 angstroms for cultured cells of acer pseudoplatanus, and 45 to 52 angstroms for isolated palisade parenchyma cells of the leaves of xanthium strumarium and commelina communis. these results indicate that molecules with diameters larg ...197917735052
host plants of the tarnished plant bug (heteroptera: miridae) in central texas.the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the cotton belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis grandis boheman). because the southern blacklands region of central texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. l. lineolaris was ...200717716463
comparative characteristics and gene action in three petal-spotted mutants of gossypium hirsutum. 200717656854
meiosis in a triploid hybrid of gossypium: high frequency of secondary bipolar spindles at metaphase ii.studies on meiosis in pollen mother cells (pmcs) of a triploid interspecific hybrid (3x = 39 chromosomes, aad) between tetraploid gossypium hirsutum (4n = 2x = 52,aadd) and diploid g. arboreum (2n = 2x = 26,aa) are reported. during meiotic metaphase i, 13 aa bivalents and 13 d univalents are expected in the hybrid. however, only 28% of the pmcs had this expected configuration. the rest of the pmcs had between 8 and 12 bivalents and between 12 and 17 univalents. univalents lagged at anaphase i, a ...200717656848
transmission of cotton seed and boll rotting bacteria by the southern green stink bug (nezara viridula l.).to determine the ability of the southern green stink bug (sgsb) (nezara viridula l.) to transmit pantoea agglomerans into cotton (gossypium hirsutum) bolls.200717650204
laser capture microdissection and cdna microarrays used to generate gene expression profiles of the rapidly expanding fibre initial cells on the surface of cotton ovules.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibre initial cells undergo a rapid cellular re-programming around anthesis to form the long cellulose fibres prized for textile manufacture. on the day of anthesis the cotton fibre initial cells balloon out from the ovule surface and so are clearly distinguished from adjacent epidermal pavement cells. to enhance our understanding of the molecular processes that determine which cells become fibres and why adjacent epidermal cells remain in a different developmental ...200717636323
a cotton ascorbate peroxidase is involved in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis during fibre cell development.reactive oxygen species (ros) play important roles in multiple physiological processes such as cellular signalling and stress responses, whereas, the hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) scavenging enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (apx) participates in the regulation of intracellular ros levels. here, a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cytosolic apx1 (ghapx1) was identified to be highly accumulated during cotton fibre elongation by proteomic analysis. ghapx1 cdna contained an open reading frame of 753-bp encoding ...200717635221
development of one set of chromosome-specific microsatellite-containing bacs and their physical mapping in gossypium hirsutum l.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), using bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone as probe, is a reliable cytological technique for chromosome identification. it has been used in many plants, especially in those containing numerous small chromosomes. we previously developed eight chromosome-specific bac clones from tetraploid cotton, which were used as excellent cytological markers for chromosomes identification. here, we isolated the other chromosome-specific bac clones to make a com ...200717632699
the 9-lipoxygenase ghlox1 gene is associated with the hypersensitive reaction of cotton gossypium hirsutum to xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum.hypersensitive reaction (hr) cell death of cotton to the incompatible race 18 from xanthomonas campestris pathovar malvacearum (xcm) is associated with 9s-lipoxygenase activity (lox) responsible for lipid peroxidation. here, we report the cloning of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lox gene (ghlox1) and the sequencing of its promoter. ghlox1 was found to be highly expressed during xcm induced hr. sequence analysis showed that ghlox1 is a putative 9-lox, and ghlox1 promoter contains sa and ja respo ...200717611116
analysis of genetic effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction on quantitative traits: genetic model for diploid plants.a genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear, cytoplasm, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction (nci) as well as their genotype by environment (ge) interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants. in the model, the nci effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components. mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis. on the basis of diallel cross designs, monte carlo simulations show ...200717601616
analysis of differentially expressed genes in genic male sterility cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) using cdna-aflp.cdna amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) analysis was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes between sterile and fertile plants of ms5ms6 double-recessive genic male sterility (gms) two-type line cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) at different stages, i.e., sporogenous cell stage, pollen mother cell (pmc) stage, and pollen grain stage. seventeen differentially expressed fragments were identified. functional analysis indicated that their corresponding genes may particip ...200717601613
cloning of a mads box gene (ghmads3) from cotton and analysis of its homeotic role in transgenic tobacco.a mads box gene (ghmads3) was cloned from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) based on est sequences. the predicted protein sequence of ghmads3 showed 85%, 73%, and 62% identity with theobroma cacao tcag, antirrhinum majus far, and arabidopsis thaliana ag, respectively, and was grouped with ag homologues when the full length sequences excluding n-extensions were compared. ghmads3 expressed in the wild type cotton flower primarily in stamens and carpels, which was comparable to ag in arabidopsis. howe ...200717601612
cross-resistance studies of cry1ac-resistant strains of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry2ab.bioassays and binding tests between cry toxins (crylaa, crylab, crylac, and cry2ab) and brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) from larvae of a bacillus thurningiensis (bt)-susceptible (96s) and two crylac-resistant strains (btr and lfr10) were conducted for investigating cross-resistance of crylac-resistant strains to cry2ab in helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the resistance ratio (rr) values of the btr and lfr10 strains to crylac and cry2ab were 2,971- and 1.1-fold and ...200717598555
mating compatibility among helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) occurring on selected host plants and bt cotton survivors.helicoverpa armigera (hiibner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a well-known polyphagous insect pest. mating compatibility among the insects occurring on different host plants is essential for free gene flow among populations. we tested the extent of crossability and fecundity of the insects that survived on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton with those occurring on pigeon pea, cajanus cajun (l.) millsp., non-bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l.; sunflower, helianthus annuus; sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. ...200717598554
resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in a strain of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in australia.transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., expressing the crylac and cry2ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner variety kurstaki in a pyramid (bollgard ii) was widely planted for the first time in australia during the 2004-2005 growing season. before the first commercial bollgard ii crops, limited amounts of cotton expressing only the crylac gene (ingard) was grown for seven seasons. no field failures due to resistance to crylac toxin were observed during that period and a monitoring ...200717598553
differentiating tobacco budworm and corn earworm using near-infrared spectroscopy.near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was used to develop a simple and quick technique to differentiate two economically important species, the tobacco budworm, heliothis cirescens (f.), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), which are major pests of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the southern united states. in practice, it is difficult to distinguish the two species during their immature stages using morphological characteristics unless expensive microscopy equipment or trained technicians ...200717598536
investigation of some yield and fibre quality characteristics of interspecific hybrid (gossypium hirsutum l. x g. barbadense l.) cotton varieties.interspecific hybrid cottons (gossypium hirsutum l. x g. barbadense l.) have great both yield and quality potential. this study was conducted to determine potential yields and quality characteristics of hybrid cotton varieties in southeastern anatolia region of turkey. the experiment was set out a completely randomized block design with four replications during 2003 and 2004 at university of dicle, faculty of agriculture experimental field. seven interspecific hybrid cotton varieties (48-08, sev ...200717567438
ghdet2, a steroid 5alpha-reductase, plays an important role in cotton fiber cell initiation and elongation.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers, one of the most important natural raw materials for textile industry, are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules. det2, an arabidopsis steroid 5d-reductase, is considered to catalyze a major rate-limiting in brassinosteroid (br) biosynthesis. to understand the role of brs in cotton fiber development, ghdet2, which putatively encodes a steroid 5alpha-reductase by sequence comparison, was cloned from developing fiber cells. in vitro ...200717565582
a novel map kinase gene in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), ghmapk, is involved in response to diverse environmental stresses.the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is one of the major and evolutionally conserved signaling pathways and plays pivotal role in the regulation of stress and developmental signals in plants. here, a novel gene, termed gossypium hirsutum mapk (ghmapk), was isolated from cotton. the full-length cdna of ghmapk encodes for a 372 amino acid protein that contains all 11 of the mapk conserved subdomains and the phosphorylation-activation motif, tey. amino acid sequence alignment reveale ...200717562283
cloning and expression of the chloroplast copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase gene in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a full-length 1,043-base-pair cdna clone encoding a chloroplast copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) of upland cotton was first isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) from the leaves of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) variety 'cri36'. nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone revealed that it contained the complete coding sequence of the mature sod isozyme subunit, along with a 60-amino acid transit peptide at n-terminal. the amino acid sequence predicted from the full-le ...200717556806
[estimation of the efficiency of seed irradiation by thermal neutrons for inducing chromosomal aberrations in m1 of cotton gossypium hirsutum l].exposure of cotton seeds to thermal neutrons at doses of 15, 25, and 35 gy was shown to induce many altered plants, including sterile and chimeric ones. most of these phenotypic changes were shown to result from novel genomic, chromosomal, and desynaptic mutations. the presence of these mutations in the karyotype of m, plants often decreased meiotic index and pollen fertility. in translocation forms, the decrease in pollen fertility was caused by the prevalence of quadrivalents in form of rings ...200717555126
transgene integration and organization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome.while genetically modified upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties are ranked among the most successful genetically modified organisms (gmo), there is little knowledge on transgene integration in the cotton genome, partly because of the difficulty in obtaining large numbers of transgenic plants. in this study, we analyzed 139 independently derived t0 transgenic cotton plants transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain agl1 carrying a binary plasmid ppzp-gfp. it was found by pcr that ...200817549600
[the inheritance of an ultra-dwarf plant mutant from upland cotton].the inheritance of an ultra-dwarf plant mutant from upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was studied, which showed that the mutant was controlled by single recessive quality gene. this gene was denominated as du tentatively. no similar mutant has been found in upland cotton. the mutation could not normally flower and produce bolls under natural conditions, and its mature height was only 10.5 cm. when treated with exogenous ga3, it could normally flower and boll, and plant height could reach 57. ...200717548311
molecular cloning and characterization of crmdr1, a novel mdr-type abc transporter gene from catharanthus roseus.a novel gene encoding a mdr-like abc transporter protein was cloned from catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant with more than 120 kinds of secondary metabolites, through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). this gene (named as crmdr1; genbank accession no.: dq660356) had a total length of 4395 bp with an open reading frame of 3801 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 137.1 kda. the crmdr1 protein shared 59.8, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity wi ...200717541839
quantitative analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) lint trash by fluorescence spectroscopy.the presence of cotton plant botanical components, or trash, embedded in lint subsequent to harvesting and ginning is an important criterion in the classification of baled cotton by the u.s. department of agriculture agricultural marketing service. the trash particles may be reduced in size to the point that specific trash types are not identifiable by image or gravimetric analysis, and it is desirable to quantify different trash types so that processing lines may be optimized for removal of the ...200717536818
analysis of gene expression in cotton fiber initials.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers are trichomes that initiate from the ovule epidermis. little is known about the developmental pathway causing fiber to differentiate from ovular epidermal cells even though limits on the number of cells that differentiate into fiber will limit yield.200717506877
molecular characterization of four adf genes differentially expressed in cotton.actin depolymerizing factor (adf), highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein, which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments. four cdnas (designated ghadf2, ghadf3, ghadf4, and ghadf5, respectively) encoding adf proteins were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna library. ghadf2 cdna is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids. ghadf3 cdna is 819 bp in length and en ...200717498633
nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from variable and constant intensity rainfall simulations on loamy sand under conventional and strip tillage systems.further studies on the quality of runoff from tillage and cropping systems in the southeastern usa are needed to refine current risk assessment tools for nutrient contamination. our objective was to quantify and compare effects of constant (ic) and variable (iv) rainfall intensity patterns on inorganic nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) losses from a tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) cropped to cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and managed under conventional (ct) or strip-till (st) systems. we s ...201317485716
molecular characterization of cotton 14-3-3l gene preferentially expressed during fiber elongation.the 14-3-3 protein, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is an important regulatory protein. it plays an important role in the growth, amplification, apoptosis, signal transduction, and other crucial life activities of cells. a cdna encoding a putative 14-3-3 protein was isolated from cotton fiber cdna library. the cdna, designated as gh14-3-3l (gossypium hirsutum 14-3-3-like), is 1,029 bp in length (including a 762 bp long open reading frame and 5'-/3'-untranslated regions) and deduced a p ...200717469787
qtl mapping of yield and yield components for elite hybrid derived-rils in upland cotton.a population of 180 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed by single seed descended from the cross of high yield upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) varieties zhongmiansuo12 (zms12) and 8891, the two parents of xiangzamian2 (xzm2). a genetic linkage map consisting of 132 loci and covering 865.20 cm was constructed using the ril population chiefly with ssr markers. yield and yield components were investigated for rils in three environments in china. the purpose of the present research wa ...200717469776
microcolinearity and genome evolution in the adha region of diploid and polyploid cotton (gossypium).genome sizes vary by several orders of magnitude, driven by mechanisms such as illegitimate recombination and transposable element proliferation. prior analysis of the cesa region in two cotton genomes that diverged 5-10 million years ago (ma), and acquired a twofold difference in genome size, revealed extensive local conservation of genic and intergenic regions, with no evidence of the global genome size difference. the present study extends the comparison to include bac sequences surrounding t ...200717461788
integrative mapping of gossypium hirsutum l. by meiotic fluorescent in situ hybridization of a tandemly repetitive sequence (b77).we determined the relative positions of the tandem-repeat molecular cytogenetic marker b77, translocation breakpoints, and telosome arms in gossypium hirsutum cytogenetic stocks by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) analysis of meiotic quadrivalents in 16 single and 2 double translocation heterozygotes and five monotelodisomics. results delimited the b77 fish locus to the right arm of the d-subgenome chromosome 14 (14r) and the short arm (14sh), respectively. by equating 14r with 14sh and ...200717409065
computational identification of micrornas and their targets in gossypium hirsutum expressed sequence tags.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of non-coding rnas that regulate gene post-transcriptional expression in animals and plants. comparatively genomic computational methods have been developed to predict new mirnas in worms, humans, and arabidopsis. here we present an est (expressed sequence tags)--and gss (genomic survey sequences)-based combined approach for the detection of novel mirnas in gossypium hirsutum. this was initiated by using previously known mirna sequences from arabidopsis, rice and o ...200717408884
gene action and morphological characteristics of pink flower and pink filament mutants in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). 200617406101
the role of induced mutation in conversion of photoperiod dependence in cotton.wild cotton germplasm resources are largely underutilized because of photoperiod-dependent flowering of "exotic" cottons. the objectives of this work were to explore the genome-wide effect of induced mutation in photoperiod-converted induced cotton mutants, estimating the genetic change between mutant and wild-type cottons using simple sequence repeats (ssrs) as well as understand the pattern of ssr mutation in induced mutagenesis. three groups of photoperiod-converted radiomutants ((32)p) inclu ...200717406024
changes in homogalacturonans and enzymes degrading them during cotton cotyledon expansion.changes in homogalacturonans (hgs) and enzymes degrading them have been investigated during cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cotyledon expansion. using an in vivo assay for pectin-degrading enzymes that involves fluorescent labeled oligomers of gala as substrate and capillary electrophoresis for product analysis, we found that endo- and exo-polygalacturonases are present in the cotyledon extracellular spaces, and there are dramatic changes in the levels of both activities as the cotyledons change ...200717395221
comparative study of the five biological parameters of cotton whitefly bemisia tabaci and silverleaf whitefly b. argentifolii bellows and perring reared on cotton under laboratory condition.the five biological parameters of sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) and silverleaf whitefly bemisia argentifolii bellows and perring (hom: aleyrodidae) as an important pest of cotton were compared on cotton in laboratory condition. the infested leaves containing nymphs and pupae were collected from cotton fields in iran. experiments were conducted in a growth chamber under 24+/-2 degrees c, 55+/-3% rh and 16:8 (l:d) photoperiod on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. the newly emerged popula ...200617385531
detection by rapd-pcr of polymorphism in populations of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from iran.the sweetpotato whitefly, bernisia tabaci (genn.) (hom: aleyrodidae) is a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals in iran. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucurnis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were released separately into a large cage set ...200617385530
simultaneous growth and emission measurements demonstrate an interactive control of methanol release by leaf expansion and stomata.emission from plants is a major source of atmospheric methanol. growing tissues contribute most to plant-generated methanol in the atmosphere, but there is still controversy over biological and physico-chemical controls of methanol emission. methanol as a water-soluble compound is thought to be strongly controlled by gas-phase diffusion (stomatal conductance), but growth rate can follow a different diurnal rhythm from that of stomatal conductance, and the extent to which the emission control is ...200717374874
a polymerase chain reaction screen of field populations of heliothis virescens for a retrotransposon insertion conferring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin.the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner poses a continuing threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. one component of the u.s.-wide resistance management plan for bt cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., involves monitoring the frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. however, existing methods are expensive and may not detect recessive resistance alleles until their frequencies are too high for ...200717370827
cross-resistance responses of crylac-selected heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to the bacillus thuringiensis protein vip3a.one susceptible and three cry1ac-resistant strains of tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were used in laboratory studies to determine the level of cross-resistance between the bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) toxins cry1ac and vip3a by using concentration-mortality and leaf tissue experiments. concentration-mortality data demonstrated that the three cry1ac-resistant h. virescens strains, yhd2, kcbhyb, and cxc, were at least 215- to 316-fold resistant to cry1ac c ...200717370826
effects of crop rotation, tillage, and fertilizer applications on sorghum head insects.rotations, tillage, and fertilizer treatments can affect yield, costs, and profitability in sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, depending on their effects on pests. rotation or planting different crops reduces soil erosion and pests that build up when a field is planted to the same crop each year. minimum tillage reduces the number of trips over a field, lessening soil compaction and reducing costs. we examined the effects of fertilizer, tillage, and rotation with cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. ...200717370814
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