Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| formicin - a novel broad-spectrum two-component lantibiotic produced by bacillus paralicheniformis apc 1576. | bacteriocins represent a rather underutilized class of antimicrobials despite often displaying activity against many drug-resistant pathogens. lantibiotics are a post-translationally modified class of bacteriocins, characterized by the presence of lanthionine and methyllanthionine bridges. in this study, a novel two-peptide lantibiotic was isolated and characterized. formicin was isolated from bacillus paralicheniformis apc 1576, an antimicrobial-producing strain originally isolated from the int ... | 2016 | 27450592 |
| reducing co-administration of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics using a computerized order entry alert and prospective audit and feedback. | antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). both a computer order entry alert to highlight this association as well as antimicrobial stewardship directed prospective audit and feedback represent novel interventions to reduce the co-administration of antibiotics and ppis among hospitalized patients. | 2016 | 27449956 |
| progress in our understanding of the gut microbiome: implications for the clinician. | the investigation of the role of the microbial communities of our gastrointestinal tract (microbiota) has accelerated dramatically in recent years thanks to rapid developments in the technologies that allow us to fully enumerate and evaluate the full complement of bacterial species and strains that normally inhabit the gut. laboratory studies in a range of inventive animal models continue to provide insights into the role of the microbiota in health and to generate plausible hypotheses relating ... | 2016 | 27448618 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in the elderly: long-term outcomes and microbiota changes. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has become the cornerstone in management of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) in adults. however, data on efficacy, safety, long-term outcomes, and microbiota alterations are limited in elderly patients (>65 years). | 2016 | 27447476 |
| association between nsaids and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | objective. clostridium difficile infection is a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed countries. studies evaluating the associations of increased risk of community-acquired cdad and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) have yielded inconclusive results. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the odds of nsaid exposure in patients with cdad versus patients without cdad in both community-based and healthcare-associated settings. methods. relev ... | 2016 | 27446866 |
| draft genome sequence of clostridium difficile strain it1118, an epidemic isolate belonging to the emerging pcr ribotype 018. | clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 018 has emerged in italy, south korea, and japan, causing severe infections and outbreaks. in this study, we sequenced the genome of it1118, an italian clinical isolate, to clarify the molecular features contributing to the success of this epidemic type. | 2016 | 27445391 |
| high risk of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | infectious enteritis is a commonly identified risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is on the rise. however, there is limited information on post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) development following cdi and the host- and infection-related risk factors are not known. | 2016 | 27444134 |
| community-associated clostridium difficile diarrhoea. | 2016 | 27439642 | |
| evaluating the effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on reducing the incidence rate of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 27437421 | |
| germinants and their receptors in clostridia. | many anaerobic spore-forming clostridial species are pathogenic, and some are industrially useful. although many are strict anaerobes, the bacteria persist under aerobic and growth-limiting conditions as multilayered metabolically dormant spores. for many pathogens, the spore form is what most commonly transmits the organism between hosts. after the spores are introduced into the host, certain proteins (germinant receptors) recognize specific signals (germinants), inducing spores to germinate an ... | 2016 | 27432831 |
| surotomycin versus vancomycin for clostridium difficile infection: phase 2, randomized, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority, multicentre trial. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major public health concern. treatment with commonly prescribed antibiotics is associated with high rates of recurrence after initial cure. here, we present the efficacy and safety of surotomycin, an orally administered, minimally absorbed, selective bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide, compared with vancomycin, in patients with cdi. | 2016 | 27432604 |
| anaerobes as sources of bioactive compounds and health promoting tools. | aerobic microorganisms have been sources of medicinal agents for several decades and an impressive variety of drugs have been isolated from their cultures, studied and formulated to treat or prevent diseases. on the other hand, anaerobes, which are believed to be the oldest life forms on earth and evolved remarkably diverse physiological functions, have largely been neglected as sources of bioactive compounds. however, results obtained from the limited research done so far show that anaerobes ar ... | 2017 | 27432247 |
| natural gum modified emulsion gel as single carrier for the oral delivery of probiotic-drug combination. | single formulation based delivery of probiotic-drug combination is envisioned as a superior therapeutic delivery modality for the diseases like crohn's diseases, ulceritive colitis and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (rcdad). keeping this perspective in mind, here we have developed natural gum [using a combination of aqueous solution of xantham gum (x) and guar gum (g)] modified sunflower oil based emulsion gels for the delivery of probiotics-drugs combination. ft-ir analysi ... | 2016 | 27431793 |
| semicarbazone ega inhibits uptake of diphtheria toxin into human cells and protects cells from intoxication. | diphtheria toxin is a single-chain protein toxin that invades human cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. in acidic endosomes, its translocation domain inserts into endosomal membranes and facilitates the transport of the catalytic domain (dta) from endosomal lumen into the host cell cytosol. here, dta adp-ribosylates elongation factor 2 inhibits protein synthesis and leads to cell death. the compound 4-bromobenzaldehyde n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)semicarbazone (ega) has been previously shown to pr ... | 2016 | 27428999 |
| induction of antitoxin responses in clostridium-difficile-infected patients compared to healthy blood donors. | according to the literature clostridium difficile antitoxins are present in up to 66% of humans. in a survey of ∼400 plasma samples from healthy blood donors we found that less than 6% were positive for anti-tcda or anti-tcdb antitoxins. using the same standard immunoassay protocol, we looked for igg and iga antitoxins in the blood and stool samples from 25 patients with c. difficile infection (cdi). some patients with cdi had no antitoxin detected at all, while others had high levels of specifi ... | 2016 | 27427464 |
| predictors of clostridium difficile infection-related mortality among older adults. | over 90% of annual deaths caused by clostridium difficile infection (cdi) occur in persons aged ≥65 years. however, no large-scale studies have been conducted to investigate predictors of cdi-related mortality among older adults. | 2016 | 27424303 |
| teaching health care workers to adopt a systems perspective for improved control and prevention of health care-associated infections. | 2016 | 27424302 | |
| burden of clostridium difficile infections in québec by levy et al. | 2016 | 27419192 | |
| intravenous tigecycline facilitates cure of severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) after failure of standard therapy: a case report and literature review of tigecycline use in cdi. | standard treatment for severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is oral vancomycin with metronidazole. after failure of this standard regimen, treatment becomes challenging. a young woman treated for septic shock developed cdi. standard treatment failed and she was ineligible for fecal transplant. addition of tigecycline to her regimen resulted in cure. | 2016 | 27419166 |
| prevalence of human norovirus and clostridium difficile coinfections in adult hospitalized patients. | human norovirus (hunov) and clostridium difficile are common causes of infectious gastroenteritis in adults in the us. however, limited information is available regarding hunov and c. difficile coinfections. our study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of hunov and c. difficile coinfections among adult patients in a hospital setting and disease symptomatology. | 2016 | 27418856 |
| diagnostic test accuracy of glutamate dehydrogenase for clostridium difficile: systematic review and meta-analysis. | we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) based on the hierarchical model. two investigators electrically searched four databases. reference tests were stool cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (ccna) and stool toxigenic culture (tc). to assess the overall accuracy, we calculated the diagnostic odds ratio (dor) using a dersimonian-laird random-model and area the u ... | 2016 | 27418431 |
| clostridium difficile infection worsen outcome of hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) has increased rapidly over the past several decades in north america and europe. however, the exact global epidemiology remains unclear because of insufficient data from developing countries. a total of 646 hospitalized adult ibd patients were enrolled; and their fresh stool specimens were obtained and used for clostridium difficile detection. the incidence of cdi in crohn's diseas ... | 2016 | 27417996 |
| controversies surrounding clostridium difficile infection in infants and young children. | clostridium difficile is a frequent cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults and older children. however, as many as 80% of infants can be asymptomatically colonized. the reasons for this have not been well established but are believed to be due to differences in toxin receptors or toxin internalization. determining which children who test positive for c. difficile warrant treatment is exceedingly difficult, especially in the setting of increased rates of detection and the rising risk o ... | 2014 | 27417466 |
| cdtr regulates tcda and tcdb production in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a global health burden and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, causing severe gastrointestinal disease and death. three well characterised toxins are encoded by this bacterium in two genetic loci, specifically, tcdb (toxin b) and tcda (toxin a) in the pathogenicity locus (paloc) and binary toxin (cdt) in the genomically distinct cdt locus (cdtloc). toxin production is controlled by regulators specific to each locus. the orphan response regulat ... | 2016 | 27414650 |
| a tetraspecific vhh-based neutralizing antibody modifies disease outcome in three animal models of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi), a leading cause of nosocomial infection, is a serious disease in north america, europe, and asia. cdi varies greatly from asymptomatic carriage to life-threatening diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and toxemia. the incidence of community-acquired infection has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent antibiotic-resistant strains. these new strains contribute to the frequent occurrence of disease relapse, complicating treatment, increasing hospital stays, an ... | 2016 | 27413067 |
| outpatient antibiotic prescription. | in view of the rise in antibiotic resistance and clostridium difficile superinfection, close monitoring of antibiotic prescribing practices is essential so that targeted quality assurance measures can be taken. | 2016 | 27412990 |
| protocol for a randomised control trial of methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation and gastrointestinal stasis in intensive care patients (motion). | gastrointestinal dysmotility and constipation are common problems in intensive care patients. the majority of critical care patients are sedated with opioids to facilitate tolerance of endotracheal tubes and mechanical ventilation, which inhibit gastrointestinal motility and lead to adverse outcomes. methylnaltrexone is a peripheral opioid antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier and can reverse the peripheral side effects of opioids without affecting the desired central properties ... | 2016 | 27412108 |
| nosocomial transmission of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in a chinese hospital, 2012-2014, traced by whole genome sequencing. | the rapid spread of clostridium difficile nap1/bi/027 (c. difficile 027) has become one of the leading threats of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. however, c. difficile 027 infections have been rarely reported in asia, particularly in china. | 2016 | 27411304 |
| new antibiotics in clinical trials for clostridium difficile. | there are limited number of approved therapies for c. difficile infections (cdis) and new treatments are needed to decrease recurrence rates. over the past 5 years, four novel antibiotics have been evaluated in clinical trials that offer distinct advantages over existing therapies for the treatment of cdi. | 2016 | 27410763 |
| digestive disease week and american society of clinical oncology. | we report on key digestive disease week sessions that focused on hepatitis c virus and clostridium difficile infection, colonoscopy preparation, irritable bowel syndrome, and crohn's disease. we also review major american society of clinical oncology sessions on breast, pancreatic, ovarian, skin, and brain cancers and multiple myeloma. | 2016 | 27408522 |
| intestinal microbiota transplant - current state of knowledge. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has induced a lot scientific interest and hopes for the last couple of years. fmt has been approved as a treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile colitis. highly sophisticated molecular dna identification methods have been used to assess the healthy human microbiome as well as its disturbances in several diseases. the metabolic and immunologic functions of the microbiome have become more clear and understandable. a lot of pathological changes, such as ... | 2016 | 27407273 |
| fecal transplants: what is being transferred? | fecal transplants are increasingly utilized for treatment of recurrent infections (i.e., clostridium difficile) in the human gut and as a general research tool for gain-of-function experiments (i.e., gavage of fecal pellets) in animal models. changes observed in the recipient's biology are routinely attributed to bacterial cells in the donor feces (~1011 per gram of human wet stool). here, we examine the literature and summarize findings on the composition of fecal matter in order to raise cauti ... | 2016 | 27404502 |
| tropheryma whipplei associated with diarrhoea in young children. | tropheryma whipplei was detected in preliminary studies in faeces of young children with diarrhoea and also in faeces of asymptomatic persons, not only in europe but also in africa. in this study, the link between this bacterium and the presence of acute diarrhoea was evaluated in a large group of children. from december 2009 to january 2013, rectal swabs collected from 3796 children in the emergency departments of university hospitals in marseille, france, were analysed: 555 children (245 femal ... | 2016 | 27404363 |
| detecting cortex fragments during bacterial spore germination. | the process of endospore germination in clostridium difficile, and other clostridia, increasingly is being found to differ from the model spore-forming bacterium, bacillus subtilis. germination is triggered by small molecule germinants and occurs without the need for macromolecular synthesis. though differences exist between the mechanisms of spore germination in species of bacillus and clostridium, a common requirement is the hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan-like cortex which allows the spore co ... | 2016 | 27403726 |
| impact of reported beta-lactam allergy on inpatient outcomes: a multicenter prospective cohort study. | reported allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is common and often leads to unnecessary avoidance in patients who could tolerate these antibiotics. we prospectively evaluated the impact of these reported allergies on clinical outcomes. | 2016 | 27402820 |
| in vitro activity of surotomycin against contemporary clinical isolates of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains obtained in spain. | 2016 | 27402007 | |
| cost-effectiveness of a model infection control program for preventing multi-drug-resistant organism infections in critically ill surgical patients. | interventions to contain two multi-drug-resistant acinetobacter (mdra) outbreaks reduced the incidence of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) organisms, specifically methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, and clostridium difficile in the general surgery intensive care unit (icu) of our hospital. we therefore conducted a cost-effective analysis of a proactive model infection-control program to reduce transmission of mdr organisms based on the practices used to cont ... | 2016 | 27399263 |
| cleaning the grey zones of hospitals: a prospective, crossover, interventional study. | environmental cleaning is a fundamental principle of infection prevention in hospitals, but its role in reducing transmission of health care-acquired pathogens has been difficult to prove experimentally. in this study we analyze the influence of cleaning previously uncleaned patient care items, grey zones (gz), on health care-acquired transmission rates. | 2016 | 27397907 |
| [oncologic aspects of clostridium difficile]. | clostridium difficile infection is one of the most frequent among cancer patients. its diagnosis is complicated by the fact that the symptoms of the infection and the side effects of the anticancer treatments could be similar. chemotherapy itself might facilitate clostridium difficile infection. several risk factors are known but clostridium difficile infection can develop in the absence of these. neutreopenia is a risk factor for fatal clostridium difficile infection and also the side effect of ... | 2016 | 27397423 |
| infectious diarrhea: norovirus and clostridium difficile in older adults. | norovirus infection usually results in acute gastroenteritis, often with incapacitating nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. it is highly contagious and resistant to eradication with alcohol-based hand sanitizer. appropriate preventative and infection control measures can mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus infection. clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of health care-associated diarrhea in the united states. antibiotic use is by far the most common risk fa ... | 2016 | 27394020 |
| binary toxin and its clinical importance in clostridium difficile infection, belgium. | binary toxin-producing clostridium difficile strains such as ribotypes 027 and 078 have been associated with increased clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity. our objective was to investigate the association between presence of the binary toxin gene and cdi severity and recurrence. we performed a laboratory-based retrospective study including patients between january 2013 and march 2015 whose fecal samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of the genes for ... | 2016 | 27393490 |
| utility of prophylactic antibiotics in nonoperative facial fractures. | facial fractures are commonly managed nonoperatively. patients with facial fractures involving sinus cavities commonly receive 7 to 10 days of prophylactic antibiotics, yet no literature exists to support or refute this practice. the aim of this study was to compare the administration and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of soft tissue infection in nonoperative facial fractures. a total number of 289 patients who were admitted to our level i trauma center with nonoperative fac ... | 2016 | 27391655 |
| an exploratory study to evaluate clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotypes and infection outcomes. | clostridium difficile infection ranges from mild to severe prolonged diarrhea with systemic symptoms. previous studies have assessed the correlation of some disease severity parameters to c. difficile ribotypes. however, certain clinical parameters of interest have not yet been evaluated. | 2016 | 27390531 |
| the efficacy of intracolonic vancomycin for severe clostridium difficile colitis: a case series. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) unresponsive to the standard treatments of metronidazole and oral vancomycin requires aggressive medical management and possible surgical intervention including colectomy. intracolonic vancomycin therapy has been reported to be particularly promising in the setting of severe cdi in the presence of ileus. this is a descriptive case series exploring the effect of adjunctive intracolonic vancomycin therapy on the morbidity and mortality in patients with moderat ... | 2016 | 27388627 |
| male veterans with complicated urinary tract infections: influence of a patient-centered antimicrobial stewardship program. | the influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) on outcomes in male veterans treated for complicated urinary tract infection has not been determined. | 2016 | 27388268 |
| management of inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly. | a substantial and growing proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are elderly, and these patients require tailored treatment strategies. however, significant challenges exist in the management of this population due to the paucity of data. establishing the initial diagnosis and assessing the etiology of future symptoms and flares can be challenging as several other prevalent diseases can masquerade as ibd, such as ischemic colitis, diverticular disease, and infectious coliti ... | 2016 | 27387455 |
| active caspase-1 induces plasma membrane pores that precede pyroptotic lysis and are blocked by lanthanides. | canonical inflammasome activation induces a caspase-1/gasdermin d (gsdmd)-dependent lytic cell death called pyroptosis that promotes antimicrobial host defense but may contribute to sepsis. the nature of the caspase-1-dependent change in plasma membrane (pm) permeability during pyroptotic progression remains incompletely defined. we assayed propidium(2+) (pro(2+)) influx kinetics during nlrp3 or pyrin inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdms) as an indicator of th ... | 2016 | 27385778 |
| fecal transplant for clostridium difficile infection relapses using "pooled" frozen feces from non-related donors. | 2016 | 27382953 | |
| rifamycin resistance in clostridium difficile is generally associated with a low fitness burden. | we characterized clinically occurring and novel mutations in the β subunit of rna polymerase in clostridium difficile (cdrpob), conferring rifamycin (including rifaximin) resistance. the arg505lys substitution did not impose an in vitro fitness cost, which may be one reason for its dominance among rifamycin-resistant clinical isolates. these observations were supported through the structural modeling of cdrpob. in general, most mutations lacked in vitro fitness costs, suggesting that rifamycin r ... | 2016 | 27381389 |
| non-slip socks: a potential reservoir for transmitting multidrug-resistant organisms in hospitals? | non-slip socks are increasingly used to prevent falls in hospitals. patients use them to walk to various parts of the hospital and also wear them in bed. fifty-four pairs of socks and 35 environmental floor samples were obtained from seven wards in a tertiary referral hospital. vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) were detected from 46 (85%) socks and meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) from five (9%). environmental sampling cultured vre from 24 (69%) floor samples and mrsa from ... | 2016 | 27380919 |
| receptors and binding structures for clostridium difficile toxins a and b. | two characteristics of toxins a and b from c. difficile (tcda, tcdb) are important for the understanding of the pathogenic effect of these homologous toxins. first, these toxins are huge single-chain but multidomain proteins that display their action intracellularly within the cytosol of host cells. and second, albeit various cell types highly differ in their sensitivity toward these toxins, no toxin-resistant cell type has been described yet. investigation of receptor-mediated uptake of these t ... | 2016 | 27380268 |
| the epidemiology and clinical features of clostridium difficile infection in liver transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is common after liver transplantation (lt); however, few studies have examined the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of cdi in this population. | 2016 | 27379554 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of probiotics for the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a provincial healthcare system. | objective to conduct a full economic evaluation assessing the costs and consequences related to probiotic use for the primary prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). design cost-effectiveness analysis using decision analytic modeling. methods a cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the risk of cdad and the costs of receiving oral probiotics versus not over a time horizon of 30 days. the target population modeled was all adult inpatients receiving any therapeuti ... | 2016 | 27377992 |
| a case of multiple recurrence of clostridium difficile infection with severe hematochezia in an immunocompromised host. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in incidence and severity. clinically, diarrhea frequently occurs, but severe hematochezia is rarely seen with cdi. we describe here a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipient who experienced life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding due to severe cdi. subsequent stool surveillance and molecular typing observed the patient who had two episodes of recurrence with a new strain of c. difficile distinct from the initial infection. ... | 2016 | 27377777 |
| heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade, and poses a unique threat to human health. however, genetic manipulation of c. difficile remains in its infancy and the bacterium remains relatively poorly characterised. low-efficiency conjugation is currently the only available method for transfer of plasmid dna into c. difficile. this is practically limiting and has slowed progress in understanding this important pathogen. conjugation efficiency vari ... | 2016 | 27377776 |
| proton pump inhibitors should be used with caution in critically ill patients to prevent the risk of clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27377737 | |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infections in emergency departments. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become an emerging infectious disease, especially in community settings. little data is available on its frequency and characteristics in france. we aimed to describe cdi case patients consulting at the emergency department and to compare community-acquired and nosocomial cdis. | 2016 | 27377443 |
| microbial ecosystem analysis in root canal infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | the purpose of this study was to combine multiple displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | 2016 | 27377440 |
| pilin vaccination stimulates weak antibody responses and provides no protection in a c57bl/6 murine model of acute clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infections in the united states, adding billions of dollars per year to health care costs. a vaccine targeted against the bacterium would be extremely beneficial in decreasing the morbidity and mortality caused by c. difficile-associated disease; a vaccine directed against a colonization factor would hinder the spread of the bacterium as well as prevent disease. type iv pili (t4ps) are extracellular appendages composed of protein monomers ... | 2016 | 27375958 |
| subboiling moist heat favors the selection of enteric pathogen clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 spores in food. | emerging enteric pathogens could have not only more antibiotic resistance or virulence traits; they could also have increased resistance to heat. we quantified the effects of minimum recommended cooking and higher temperatures, individually on a collection of c. difficile isolates and on the survival probability of a mixture of emerging c. difficile strains. while minimum recommended cooking time/temperature combinations (63-71°c) allowed concurrently tested strains to survive, higher subboiling ... | 2016 | 27375748 |
| clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea among patients in a tertiary care center in china. | this study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in chinese patients. | 2017 | 27375724 |
| clostridium difficile-associated disease: a primary clinical evaluation of elderly patients in a geriatric hospital. | the purpose of this study was to screen all cases of clostridium difficile-associated disease during a 2-year period in a geriatric hospital to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics related to this risk. twenty percent of suspected cases were diagnosed as positive and analyzed. the c difficile disease-associated clinical factors were ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. use of acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroi ... | 2016 | 27375063 |
| targeting the ecology within: the role of the gut-brain axis and human microbiota in drug addiction. | despite major advances in our understanding of the brain using traditional neuroscience, reliable and efficacious treatments for drug addiction have remained elusive. hence, the time has come to utilize novel approaches, particularly those drawing upon contemporary advances in fields outside of established neuroscience and psychiatry. put another way, the time has come for a paradigm shift in the addiction sciences. apropos, a revolution in the area of human health is underway, which is occurrin ... | 2016 | 27372861 |
| clostridium difficile infection epidemiology and management: comparison of results of a prospective study with a retrospective one in a reference teaching and research hospital in northern italy. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is the most common infectious antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a growing health care problem. prevention of clostridium difficile infection focuses on clinical and epidemiologic infection control measures. | 2016 | 27372227 |
| reduction in clostridium difficile infection associated with the introduction of hydrogen peroxide vapour automated room disinfection. | the clinical impact of implementing hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) disinfection of rooms vacated by patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was evaluated. breakpoint time series analysis indicated a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the cdi rate at the time when hpv disinfection was implemented, resulting in a reduction in the cdi rate from 1.0 to 0.4 cases per 1000 patient-days in the 24 months before hpv usage compared with the first 24 months of hpv usage. hpv should be considere ... | 2016 | 27372150 |
| a diverse soil microbiome degrades more crude oil than specialized bacterial assemblages obtained in culture. | soil microbiome modification may alter system function, which may enhance processes like bioremediation. in this study, we filled microcosms with gamma-irradiated soil that was reinoculated with the initial soil or cultivated bacterial subsets obtained on regular media (reg-m) or media containing crude oil (co-m). we allowed 8 weeks for microbiome stabilization, added crude oil and monoammonium phosphate, incubated the microcosms for another 6 weeks, and then measured the biodegradation of crude ... | 2016 | 27371586 |
| epidemiology and risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection: a narrative review. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was once considered a primarily nosocomial concern. emerging evidence from the last 20 years has highlighted a drastic shift in the known epidemiology of cdi, with disease outside of hospitals apparently occurring more frequently and causing severe disease in populations that were thought to be at low risk. this narrative review summarises potential pathways for infection outside of the hospital environment and highlights likely routes of transmission. furth ... | 2016 | 27370914 |
| reclassification of clostridium difficile as clostridioides difficile (hall and o'toole 1935) prévot 1938. | the recent proposal by lawson and rainey (2015) to restrict the genus clostridium to clostridium butyricum and related species has ramifications for the members of the genera that fall outside this clade that should not be considered as clostridium sensu stricto. one such organism of profound medical importance is clostridioides difficile that is a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and mortality in individuals. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the closest relative of clostridium ... | 2016 | 27370902 |
| type iv pili promote early biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | increasing morbidity and mortality from clostridium difficile infection (cdi) present an enormous challenge to healthcare systems. clostridium difficile express type iv pili (t4p), but their function remains unclear. many chronic and recurrent bacterial infections result from biofilms, surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. cdi may be biofilm mediated; t4p are important for biofilm formation in a number of organisms. we evaluate the role of t4p in c. diffic ... | 2016 | 27369898 |
| characterization of clostridium difficile strains in british columbia, canada: a shift from nap1 majority (2008) to novel strain types (2013) in one region. | background. clostridium difficile is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness. epidemic nap1 strains contain toxins a and b, a deletion in repressor tcdc, and a binary toxin. objectives. to determine the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile in british columbia and compare between two time points in one region. methods. c. difficile isolates from hospital and community laboratories (2008) and one island health hospital laboratory (2013) were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, p ... | 2016 | 27366181 |
| fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: canadian outcomes. | background. this analysis examined the efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in 406 canadian patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi), based on data from 2 randomized, clinical trials. methods. patients received fidaxomicin or vancomycin 1. patients were assessed for clinical response recurrence of infection and sustained clinical response for 28 days after treatment completion. patients at increased risk of recurrence were subjected to subgroup analyses. results. clinical respons ... | 2016 | 27366179 |
| antibodies to toxin b are protective against clostridium difficile infection recurrence. | although newer studies have evaluated risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the vast majority did not measure important biomarkers such as endogenous anti-toxin a and anti-toxin b antibody levels. | 2016 | 27365387 |
| editorial commentary: where to place the new treatments for clostridium difficile infection? | 2016 | 27365386 | |
| [infection control from the viewpoint of medical safety by our clinical laboratory in tmdu hospital]. | infection control based on appropriate bacteriological examinations and information is important for medical safety. i present the activities performed by our clinical laboratory in tokyo medical and dental university (tmdu) hospital. we detected and reported the first japanese case of kpc-2 carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, of which infection will be a serious problem in the near future in japan. we examine the antigen and toxins of clostridium difficile with an immunochromatograph ... | 2016 | 27363226 |
| [relationship between clostridium difficile its-pcr type and pathogenicity]. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and nosocomial infection. the pcr of internal transcribed spacer regions (its) is easily conductible in a relatively short time. the purpose of the current study is to classify c. difficile by pcr electrophoresis pattern of its (its-pcr type) and estimate the relationship of the its-pcr type of c. difficile with its pathogenicity. we examined 77 strains which were obtained in our hospital from march 2012 to august 2013. t ... | 2016 | 27363217 |
| editorial commentary: potential risks and rewards with prophylaxis for clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27358349 | |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile diarrhea in patients with solid organ transplantation. | there is limited knowledge about specific risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27358344 |
| laboratory identification of anaerobic bacteria isolated on clostridium difficile selective medium. | despite increasing interest in the bacterium, the methodology for clostridium difficile recovery has not yet been standardized. cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose taurocholate (ccft) has historically been the most used medium for c. difficile isolation from human, animal, environmental, and food samples, and presumptive identification is usually based on colony morphologies. however, ccft is not totally selective. this study describes the recovery of 24 bacteria species belonging to 10 different gen ... | 2016 | 27352971 |
| deciphering adaptation strategies of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain during infection through in vivo transcriptional analysis. | clostridium difficile is responsible for a wide spectrum of infection from asymptomatic carriage to severe, relapsing colitis. since 2003, c. difficile infections have increased with a higher morbidity and mortality due to the emergence of epidemic and hypervirulent c. difficile strains such as those of the epidemic lineage 027/bi/nap1. to decipher the hypervirulence and epidemicity of 027 strains, we analyzed gene expression profiles of the r20291 027 strain using a monoxenic mouse model during ... | 2016 | 27351947 |
| (1)h(n), (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the cdtb-interacting domain (cdtabid) from the clostridium difficile binary toxin catalytic component (cdta, residues 1-221). | once considered a relatively harmless bacterium, clostridium difficile has become a major concern for healthcare facilities, now the most commonly reported hospital-acquired pathogen. c. difficile infection (cdi) is usually contracted when the normal gut microbiome is compromised by antibiotic therapy, allowing the opportunistic pathogen to grow and produce its toxins. the severity of infection ranges from watery diarrhea and abdominal cramping to pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis, or death. the ... | 2016 | 27351891 |
| false-positive clostridium difficile in negative-control reactions peak and then decrease with repetitive refrigeration of immunoassay. | aberrant false-positive reactions in negative-controls during elisa testing for clostridium difficile indicated the potential for false-diagnoses. experiments with 96-well products showed a maximum peak of false-positive immunoassay reactions with the provided negative-control reagents after 5 refrigeration-to-room temperature cycles (p < 0.001), decreasing thereafter with additional refrigeration cycles. because repetitive refrigeration causes a peak of false-positives, the use of single negati ... | 2014 | 27350964 |
| clostridium difficile in food and animals: a comprehensive review. | zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. clostridium difficile is ubiquitous in the environment, and the bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic c. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that c. difficile could be zoonotic. therefore, animals could p ... | 2016 | 27350639 |
| impact of antimicrobial stewardship on outcomes in hospitalized veterans with pneumonia. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) on outcomes for inpatients with pneumonia, including length of stay, treatment duration, and 30-day readmission rates. | 2016 | 27349712 |
| vital signs: preventing antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals - united states, 2014. | healthcare-associated antibiotic-resistant (ar) infections increase patient morbidity and mortality and might be impossible to successfully treat with any antibiotic. cdc assessed healthcare-associated infections (hai), including clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and the role of six ar bacteria of highest concern nationwide in several types of healthcare facilities. | 2016 | 27348802 |
| microbiota-regulated il-25 increases eosinophil number to provide protection during clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection in the united states. host susceptibility and the severity of infection are influenced by disruption of the microbiota and the immune response. however, how the microbiota regulate immune responses to mediate cdi outcome remains unclear. here, we have investigated the role of the microbiota-linked cytokine il-25 during infection. intestinal il-25 was suppressed during cdi in humans and mice. restoration ... | 2016 | 27346351 |
| clinical characterization of clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients. | 2016 | 27340722 | |
| septins guide microtubule protrusions induced by actin-depolymerizing toxins like clostridium difficile transferase (cdt). | hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, produce the actin-adp ribosylating toxin clostridium difficile transferase (cdt). cdt depolymerizes actin, causes formation of microtubule-based protrusions, and increases pathogen adherence. here, we show that septins (sept) are essential for cdt-induced protrusion formation. sept2, -6, -7, and -9 accumulate at predetermined protrusion sites and form collar-like structures at the base of pr ... | 2016 | 27339141 |
| clostridium difficile infection: an emerging cause of death in the twenty-first century. | enterocolitis due to clostridium difficile is major emerging cause of death in the u.s. between 1999 and 2012, c. diff. deaths rose by a staggering almost ten-fold amount, to 7,739 from 793. this article has three goals. first, we present a demographic description of c. diff. mortality in the u.s. since 1999. second, we test a hypothesis that the increase in c. diff. deaths is due to population aging. we find that the emergence of this cause of death follows a proportional hazard pattern above a ... | 2016 | 27337554 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-secreting bacillus that has long been recognized to be the most common etiologic pathogen of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. c. difficile infection (cdi) is now the most common cause of health care-associated infections in the united states and accounts for 12% of these infections (magill ss et al., n engl j med370:1198-1208, 2014). among emerging pathogens of public health importance in the united states, cdi has the hig ... | 2016 | 27337475 |
| novel clostridium difficile anti-toxin (tcda and tcdb) humanized monoclonal antibodies demonstrate in vitro neutralization across a broad spectrum of clinical strains and in vivo potency in a hamster spore challenge model. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated colitis and increased incidence of community-associated diarrhea in industrialized countries. at present, the primary treatment of cdi is antibiotic administration, which is effective but often associated with recurrence, especially in the elderly. pathogenic strains produce enterotoxin, toxin a (tcda), and cytotoxin, toxin b (tcdb), which are necessary for c. difficile induced diarrhea and ... | 2016 | 27336843 |
| correlation between fecal calprotectin levels, disease severity and the hypervirulent ribotype 027 strain in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most common infectious etiology of nosocomial diarrhea. fecal calprotectin (fc) is a sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation, found to be associated with enteric bacterial infections and inflammatory bowel disease. | 2016 | 27334992 |
| the signal sequence of the abundant extracellular metalloprotease ppep-1 can be used to secrete synthetic reporter proteins in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is an opportunistic pathogen and the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. adherence of c. difficile to host cells is modulated by proteins present on the bacterial cell surface or secreted into the environment. cleavage of collagen-binding proteins is mediated by the zinc metalloprotease ppep-1, which was identified as one of the most abundant secreted proteins of c. difficile. here, we exploit the ppep-1 signal sequence to produce novel secreted enzymes. we have c ... | 2016 | 27333161 |
| understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation. | this review summarizes mechanistic investigations in faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), which has increasingly been adapted into clinical practice as treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that cannot be eliminated with antibiotics alone. administration of healthy donor faecal microbiota in this clinical situation results in its engraftment and restoration of normal gut microbial community structure and functionality. in this review, we consider several main mechanisms for fmt ... | 2016 | 27329806 |
| using multiplex molecular testing to determine the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children. | to detect the etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children using broad molecular-based techniques, and compare clinical presentations among etiologies. | 2016 | 27329497 |
| role of the microbiome, probiotics, and 'dysbiosis therapy' in critical illness. | loss of 'health-promoting' microbes and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis) in icu is believed to contribute to nosocomial infections, sepsis, and organ failure (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome). this review discusses new understanding of icu dysbiosis, new data for probiotics and fecal transplantation in icu, and new data characterizing the icu microbiome. | 2016 | 27327243 |
| erratum for marín et al., clostridium difficile isolates with high linezolid mics harbor the multiresistance gene cfr. | 2016 | 27325817 | |
| antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in emergency department observation unit patients. | clostridium difficile diarrhoea is an urgent threat to patients, but little is known about the role of antibiotic administration that starts in emergency department observation units (edous). we studied risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and c. difficile infection (cdi) in edou patients. this prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients discharged after edou antibiotic treatment between january 2013 and 2014. we obtained medical histories, edou treatment and occurrence of ... | 2016 | 27324463 |
| outcomes associated with observation stays versus inpatient admissions for pulmonary embolism. | changes in reimbursement policies have led to an increased use of observation stays in the united states (us). we sought to compare outcomes among pulmonary embolism (pe) patients managed through observation stays or inpatient admissions.the premier perspective comparative hospital database was used to identify patients with a primary international classification of diseases, ninth-edition diagnosis of pe (415.1×) from 11/2012-3/2015. patients were required to have claims for ≥1 diagnostic tests ... | 2016 | 27324143 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassays and rapid diagnostic tests for clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin a + b to toxinogenic culture on a highly selective chromogenic medium. | to compare clostridium. (c.) difficile toxin a/b and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) enzyme immunoassays or rapid diagnostic tests to toxinogenic culture on recently described highly selective agar plates. five hundred consecutive samples sent in for c. difficile diagnostics were tested by toxin a/b enzyme immunoassay (eia) and rapid diagnostic test (rdt), gdh eia and rdt, and culture on chromid c. difficile plates for 48 hrs, with toxin testing from culture if the toxin eia from feces was negativ ... | 2016 | 27323765 |
| evaluation of the xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel assay for the detection of enteric pathogens in kuwait. | to evaluate the utility of the luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) assay in the detection of enteric pathogens from diarrheal stool samples in kuwait. | 2017 | 27322647 |