Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in rivers, united states. | bacteria with intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are found in nature. such organisms may acquire additional resistance genes from bacteria introduced into soil or water, and the resident bacteria may be the reservoir or source of widespread resistant organisms found in many environments. we isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in freshwater samples from 16 u.s. rivers at 22 sites and measured the prevalence of organisms resistant to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. over 40% of the ... | 2002 | 12095440 |
| an analysis of human pathogens found in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail in kings canyon and sequoia and yosemite national parks. | to determine the prevalence of microorganisms that are potentially pathogenic for humans in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail (jmt). | 2002 | 12092962 |
| how bacteria could cause cancer: one step at a time. | helicobacter pylori highlighted the potential for bacteria to cause cancer. it is becoming clear that chronic infection with other bacteria, notably salmonella typhi, can also facilitate tumour development. infections caused by several bacteria (e.g. bartonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis and citrobacter rodentium) can induce cellular proliferation that can be reversed by antibiotic treatment. other chronic bacterial infections have the effect of blocking apoptosis. however, the underlying ce ... | 2002 | 12088666 |
| bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory. | different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ... | 2002 | 12088382 |
| comparative evaluation of two commercial chromogenic media for detection and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens. | the performance of two commercial chromogenic media for the isolation and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens, the cps id2 (biomérieux, france) and the chromagar orientation (bbl becton dickinson, usa), was evaluated and compared with that of cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood. the detection, determination of bacterial counts, and presumptive identification of bacteria causing urinary tract infections were evaluated in 3,000 urin ... | 2002 | 12072939 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ... | 2002 | 12071094 |
| potency and antimicrobial spectrum update for piperacillin/tazobactam (2000): emphasis on its activity against resistant organism populations and generally untested species causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | the in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam and several comparison broad-spectrum compounds was assessed against recent clinical isolates of gram-positive and -negative bacteria from geographically diverse medical centers in europe, north and latin america participating in various surveillance programs in 2000. several organisms were characterized for phenotypic expression of various resistant determinants such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or amp c cephalosporinase hyperproduc ... | 2002 | 12052629 |
| citrobacter koseri in scalp folliculitis. | gram-negative folliculitis, an uncommon condition, is most often seen in older patients who have acne and who either have received prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy or have used antibacterial cleansers that selectively inhibit gram-positive organisms. citrobacter infections are uncommon, and dermatologists seldom encounter them. in the past, these infections occurred in hospitals, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. bacteremias also occur in elderly or immunocompromised patients ... | 2002 | 12041821 |
| parasitic and bacterial contamination in collards using effluent from treated domestic wastewater in chiang mai, thailand. | thailand often has inadequate water supply for agriculture during the dry season. the reuse of treated wastewater treatment plants could solve this problem. treatment of domestic wastewater of chiang mai municipality by the aerated lagoon system (al) releases more than 25,000 m3 of treated water everyday. the reuse of wastewater in agriculture is an efficient use of water, especially in tropical countries or in drought zones. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ... | 2001 | 12041598 |
| examination for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the city of chiang mai, thailand. | an attempt to use treated wastewater for agriculture in the chiang mai area was made, but the re-use process had to be performed under a condition that limited the risks liable to leave pathogens present in the water. the objective of our study was to examine the intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the chiang mai university campus as well as the treated wastewater from the chiang mai municipality. the raw wastewater (rw), primary treatment effl ... | 2001 | 12041597 |
| development of a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting and quantifying cmy-2 and shv beta-lactamases. | polyclonal rabbit antibodies against shv-1 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases were produced and characterized, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed. immunoblots revealed that the anti-shv-1 antibody recognized shv-1 but did not recognize tem-1, k-1, oxa-1, or any ampc beta-lactamase tested. the anti-cmy-2 antibody detected escherichia coli cmy-2, enterobacter cloacae p99, klebsiella pneumoniae act-1, and the ampc beta-lactamases of enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, an ... | 2002 | 12037047 |
| cytochrome p450(cin) (cyp176a), isolation, expression, and characterization. | cytochromes p450 are members of a superfamily of hemoproteins involved in the oxidative metabolism of various physiologic and xenobiotic compounds in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. studies on bacterial p450s, particularly those involved in monoterpene oxidation, have provided an integral contribution to our understanding of these proteins, away from the problems encountered with eukaryotic forms. we report here a novel cytochrome p450 (p450(cin), cyp176a1) purified from a strain of citrobacter braa ... | 2002 | 12016226 |
| myocarditis in sibling boxer puppies associated with citrobacter koseri infection. | two sibling boxer puppies presented with severe suppurative myocarditis in the absence of additional disseminated suppurative foci. the identification of gram-negative bacteria within areas of myocarditis in both puppies and the pure growth of large numbers of citrobacter koseri from the myocardial lesions in one of the dogs were consistent with a bacterial etiology. the fact that c. koseri is an opportunist pathogen suggested intercurrent immunosuppression. the finding of a concomitant bacteria ... | 2002 | 12014505 |
| identification of compounds that inhibit late steps of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria. | a screening system is described that can detect and confirm inhibitors of the late steps of cell wall biosynthesis. the primary high through-put screen monitors induction of beta-lactamase following exposure to samples, in an escherichia coli enva- strain that carries the beta-lactamase gene from citrobacter freundii on a plasmid. positive samples were detected from compound libraries, from natural products libraries, and from fractions of natural products crude preparations. these samples were ... | 2002 | 12014444 |
| a pathway-specific cell based screening system to detect bacterial cell wall inhibitors. | a pathway-specific cell-based screen is described to detect compounds that inhibit the biosynthesis of the cell wall of bacteria. the basis for detection is the discovery that the beta-lactamase gene from citrobacterfreundii, cloned into escherichia coli, is induced when cells are exposed to known cell wall inhibitors, and not just beta-lactam-based antibiotics. in a wild type host, cell wall inhibitors such as moenomycin, vancomycin, and ramoplanin, which are excluded by the outer membrane, onl ... | 2002 | 12014443 |
| [total and fecal coliforms, some enterobacteria staphylococcus sp. and moulds in salads for hot dogs sold in maracay, venezuela]. | fast food sold on the streets are good vehicle to transmit gastrointestinal diseases to consumers because they are highly manipulated. the vegetables are a good media for pathogens growth. raw vegetables salads for hot dog sold in maracay were studied. total and fecal coliforms and staphylococcus sp. were quantified by the most probable number technique, coliforms and staphylococcus isolated were partially identified. also the mould population was quantified and identified. microbial growth was ... | 2001 | 12012562 |
| reduction of perchlorate and nitrate by salt tolerant bacteria. | spent regenerant brine from ion-exchange technology for the removal of perchlorate and nitrate produces a high salt waste stream, which requires remediation before disposal. bioremediation is an attractive treatment option. in this study, we enriched for salt tolerant bacteria from sediments from cargill salt evaporation facility (california, usa), the salton sea (california, usa), and a high density hydrocarbon oxidizing bacterial cocktail. the bacterial cocktail enrichment culture reduced clo4 ... | 2002 | 12009133 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of inducible ampc beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme, europe 1997-2000. | among 11345 clinical isolates from 31 european centres in the mystic (meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection) programme (1997-2000), the potential ampc-producing pathogens were enterobacter spp. (904 cases), citrobacter spp. (144) and serratia marcescens (288). resistance to ceftazidime or cefotaxime (11-34%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (12%) was observed, indicating stably derepressed expression of ampc cephalosporinases. meropenem (mic(90), 0.25 mg/l; >99% susceptible) and ... | 2002 | 12007846 |
| a luminescent escherichia coli biosensor for the high throughput detection of beta-lactams. | a group-specific bioluminescent escherichia coli strain for studying the action of beta-lactam antibiotics is described. the strain contains a plasmid, pblalux1, in which the luciferase genes from photorhabdus luminescens are inserted under the control of the beta-lactam-responsive element ampr/ampc from citrobacter freundii. in the presence of beta-lactams, the bacterial cells are induced to express the luciferase enzyme and three additional enzymes generating the substrate for the luciferase r ... | 2002 | 12006111 |
| ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli from greece. | an escherichia coli clinical strain resistant to all beta-lactams except carbapenems was isolated in a greek hospital. analysis of beta-lactamase content by isoelectric focusing, pcr assays specific for various bla genes, and dna sequencing showed that the strain produced tem-1, a citrobacter freundii ampc-related cephalosporinase, and ctx-m-3. the blactx.m-3 gene was carried by a 120-kb plasmid that was readily transferable to a susceptible e. coli host. | 2002 | 12002647 |
| bacterial colonization of intravenous catheters in young dogs suspected to have parvoviral enteritis. | to determine the prevalence of bacterial colonization of iv catheters among young dogs suspected to have parvoviral enteritis, to identify the organisms responsible for catheter colonization, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms that were obtained. | 2002 | 11991409 |
| urinary pathogens' resistance to common antibiotics: a retrospective analysis. | the susceptibility of urinary pathogens to common antibiotics was investigated and the results analysed retrospectively using the whonet computer program. of 1776 urine samples (44 catheterized) processed, 510 (28.7%) urinary pathogens were isolated. of these 510 positive cultures, 455 (89.2%) were gram-negative bacilli, 45 (8.8%) candida species and 10 (1.9%) gram-positive cocci. of the 44 catheterized samples, 32 (72.7%) yielded significant bacteriuria and these were mainly gram-negative bacte ... | 2002 | 11991018 |
| [citrobacter freundii bacteremia: report of 2 cases]. | 2002 | 11989107 | |
| potential microbiological hazards in the production of refined paper products for food applications. | this study sought to investigate the significance of raw materials (starch-based glues, raw material papers) at different microbiologically critical stages in the manufacturing process of refined paper products. the study examined the occurrence of microorganisms in the process and in end-product samples. microbiological surveys verified that the production and use of pasteurized starch-based glue was the most important factor threatening the process hygiene and product safety. subsequently, the ... | 2002 | 11986924 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ... | 2002 | 11977920 |
| citrobacter mediastinitis following cardiac surgery in a neonate. | 2002 | 11972422 | |
| threonine-124 and phenylalanine-448 in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase are necessary for activity with l-tyrosine. | thr-124 and phe-448 are located in the active site of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) near the phenol ring of a bound substrate analogue, 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid [sundararaju, antson, phillips, demidkina, barbolina, gollnick, dodson and wilson (1997) biochemistry 36, 6502-6510]. thr-124 is replaced by asp and phe-448 is replaced by his in the crystal structure of a structurally similar enzyme, proteus vulgaris tryptophan indole-lyase, which has 50% identical residues. ... | 2002 | 11964175 |
| [anaerobic degradation of biphenyl by the facultative anaerobic strain citrobacter freundi bs2211]. | using a synthetic medium supplemented with biphenyl (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), a new bacterial strain of citrobacter freundii was isolated from enrichment cultures containing soil and industrial wastewater samples of the serpukhov condenser factory. this strain was found to be capable of degrading biphenyl under anaerobic conditions in the course of nitrate reduction. when the initial concentration of biphenyl in culture medium equaled 150 mg/l, the culture with a titer of 10(9) cells/ ... | 2002 | 11962210 |
| origin and evolution of the ampc beta-lactamases of citrobacter freundii. | to determine whether the widespread clinical use of beta-lactams has been selective for citrobacter freundii-derived alleles of plasmid ampc genes, we generated a bayesian consensus phylogeny of the published ampc sequences and compared the mics of 16 beta-lactam antibiotics for escherichia coli strains containing cloned copies of the c. freundii ampc alleles. we found that for the majority of compounds investigated, there has been essentially no increase in beta-lactam resistance conferred by t ... | 2002 | 11959544 |
| crystals of tryptophan indole-lyase and tyrosine phenol-lyase form stable quinonoid complexes. | the binding of substrates and inhibitors to wild-type proteus vulgaris tryptophan indole-lyase and to wild type and y71f citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase was investigated in the crystalline state by polarized absorption microspectrophotometry. oxindolyl-lalanine binds to tryptophan indole-lyase crystals to accumulate predominantly a stable quinonoid intermediate absorbing at 502 nm with a dissociation constant of 35 microm, approximately 10-fold higher than that in solution. l-trp or l ... | 2002 | 11934889 |
| development of a p1 phagemid system for the delivery of dna into gram-negative bacteria. | the inability to transform many clinically important gram-negative bacteria has hampered genetic studies addressing the mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. this report describes the development and construction of a delivery system utilizing the broad-host-range transducing bacteriophage p1. the phagemids used in this system contain a p1 pac initiation site to package the vector, a p1 lytic replicon to generate concatemeric dna, a broad-host-range origin of replication and an antibiotic-resista ... | 2002 | 11932441 |
| evolution of the gyrb gene and the molecular phylogeny of enterobacteriaceae: a model molecule for molecular systematic studies. | phylogenetic trees showing the evolutionary relatedness of enterobacteriaceae based upon gyrb and 16s rrna genes were compared. congruence among trees of these molecules indicates that the genomes of these species are not completely mosaic and that molecular systematic studies can be carried out. phylogenetic trees based on gyrb sequences appeared to be more reliable at determining relationships among serratia species than trees based on 16s rrna gene sequences. gyrb sequences from serratia spec ... | 2002 | 11931166 |
| second trimester fetal death caused by citrobacter koseri (diversus) infection: a report of two cases. | 2002 | 11926652 | |
| [four cases of non-clostridial gas gangrene with diabetes mellitus]. | we report four cases of non-clostridial gas gangrene. all cases were associated with diabetes mellitus as the underlying disease. case 1: a 60-year-old male developed an ulcerative lesion on the dorsum of his left foot. peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, citrobacter freundii and staphyrococcus epidermidis were identified in culture from odoriferous pus. case 2: a 81-year-old female developed a lesion on her vulva spreading to the right lower abdomen. bacteroides bivius, peptostreptococcus asac ... | 2002 | 11915237 |
| mice lacking t and b lymphocytes develop transient colitis and crypt hyperplasia yet suffer impaired bacterial clearance during citrobacter rodentium infection. | the bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium belongs to a family of gastrointestinal pathogens that includes enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and is the causative agent of transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. the molecular mechanisms used by these pathogens to colonize host epithelial surfaces and form attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions have undergone intense study. in contrast, little is known about the host's immune response to these infections and its importance ... | 2002 | 11895973 |
| mutagenesis of conserved tryptophan residues within the receptor-binding domain of intimin: influence on binding activity and virulence. | intimate bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelium is a pathogenic mechanism shared by several human and animal enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. the proteins directly involved in this process are the outer-membrane adhesion molecule intimin and the translocated intimin receptor, tir. the receptor-binding activity of intimin resides within the carboxy terminus 280 aa (int280) of the polypeptide. four tryptophan resi ... | 2002 | 11882699 |
| microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating wastewater from a gelatin industry. | the microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, used for treating wastewater from the gelatin industry, were studied by microbiological methods and phase-contrast and electron microscopy. microscopy examination of the sludge showed a complex mixture of various rod-shaped and coccoid bacterial pluslong filaments and verymobile curved rods. in addition free-living anaerobic ciliates and flagellates were also observed. the trophic group population observed in decreasing ord ... | 2001 | 11873883 |
| [dysbacteriosis in patients with colon polyposis]. | the study revealed the most profound changes in the composition of intestinal microflora in patients with polyposis of the large intestine. in these patients anaerobic microflora (bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria) was more often suppressed than in other examined groups, in particular, patients with cholelithic disease. the associations of hemolytic escherichia with klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii were often observed as well as the increased content of ente ... | 2001 | 11871306 |
| antibiotic policy: a tool for controlling resistance of hospital pathogens. | multiresistant gram-negative bacilli, including strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp, acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to broad spectrum beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, are recovered at increasing frequency from patients suffering from nosocomial infections, particularly from those receiving intensive care. the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens to endemic and epidemic levels has frequently been related in time and place to ... | 1999 | 11869273 |
| beta-lactamases: quantity and resistance. | rates of enzyme-mediated catalysis are proportional to enzyme quantity, so increasing the amount of beta-lactamase should increase resistance. kinetic considerations support this argument for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. direct relationships between resistance and enzyme quantity are most obvious with constitutive beta-lactamases, e.g. the tem types from gram-negative bacteria. as the level of tem enzyme rises, so do the mics of substrates and the concentrations of inhibitors r ... | 1997 | 11869238 |
| the direct costs of nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the era of managed care. | to determine the additional direct costs of hospitalization attributable to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) in 1,497 newly catheterized patients. | 2002 | 11868889 |
| cq-397 and cq-414: antimicrobial activity and spectrum of two fluoroquinolone---cephalosporin, dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds. | objective: to evaluate the potential spectrum of activity of two novel dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds (cq-397 and cq-414; laboratorios aranda, san rafael, mexico) against human pathogens. methods: approximately 800 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic clinical bacteria were tested in vitro using the mueller-hinton broth microdilution method of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards. results: cq-397 (cefamandole+enrofloxacin) and cq-414 (cefamandole+norfloxacin) ... | 1997 | 11864130 |
| high frequency of antibiotic resistance among gram-negative isolates in intensive care units at 10 swedish hospitals. | objective: to investigate the resistance rates among gram-negative isolates in swedish intensive care units (icus). methods: during 1994-95, members of the swedish study group collected, on clinical indication, 502 consecutive initial isolates of gram-negative bacteria from patients admitted to icus at 10 swedish hospitals and performed minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determinations with the etest. breakpoints were defined according to the criteria of the swedish reference group for antib ... | 1997 | 11864106 |
| differentiation and susceptibility of citrobacter isolates from patients in a university hospital. | objective: recently a publication of brenner et al. introduced 11 genetically distinct species within the genus citrobacter. these newly recognized citrobacter species can be classified by means of their biochemical characteristics. the aim of this study was to examine the distribution and susceptibility of citrobacter isolates in our patient population. methods: a total of 126 samples---containing a citrobacter species---was collected from 116 hospitalized patients during a 6-month period. orga ... | 1997 | 11864076 |
| species-specific cell adhesion of enteropathogenic escherichia coli is mediated by type iv bundle-forming pili. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a causative agent of diarrhoea in humans. localized adherence of epec onto intestinal mucosa was reproduced in an in vitro adherence assay with cultured human epithelial cells. we found that the efficiency of epec adherence to a mouse-derived colonic epithelial cell line, cmt-93, was remarkably lower than its adherence to human-derived intestinal cell lines, such as intestine-407 or caco-2. although epec did adhere to some cell lines derived from non-h ... | 2002 | 11856171 |
| crystal structure of the bse634i restriction endonuclease: comparison of two enzymes recognizing the same dna sequence. | crystal structures of type ii restriction endonucleases demonstrate a conserved common core and active site residues but diverse structural elements involved in dna sequence discrimination. comparative structural analysis of restriction enzymes recognizing the same nucleotide sequence might therefore contribute to our understanding of the structural diversity of specificity determinants within restriction enzymes. we have solved the crystal structure of the bacillus stearothermophilus restrictio ... | 2002 | 11842098 |
| occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolated in children's university hospital in bratislava. | occurrence and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 30 multi-resistant escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., pantoea agglomerans, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens strains isolated from children between 0 and 3 years of age is presented. the strains were resistant to ampicillin (30), cefoxitin (22), cefotaxime (30), ceftriaxone (30), ceftazidime (30) and aztreonam (28), but susceptible to cefepime (30) and imipenem (26). twenty-eight of 30 isolates possessed a ... | 2001 | 11830947 |
| impaired resistance and enhanced pathology during infection with a noninvasive, attaching-effacing enteric bacterial pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, in mice lacking il-12 or ifn-gamma. | mice infected with citrobacter rodentium represent an excellent model in which to examine immune defenses against an attaching-effacing enteric bacterial pathogen. colonic tissue from mice infected with c. rodentium harbors increased transcripts for il-12 and ifn-gamma and displays mucosal pathology compared with uninfected controls. in this study, the role of il-12 and ifn-gamma in host defense and mucosal injury during c. rodentium infection was examined using gene knockout mice. il-12p40(-/-) ... | 2002 | 11823513 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of major bacterial pathogens in intensive care units in 2000 in taiwan. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 1,274 bacterial isolates recovered from various clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (icus) of five major teaching hospitals was carried out from march, 2000, to june, 2000, in taiwan. this study demonstrated a high rate (66%) of oxacillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (orsa), a high rate of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (intermediate, 50% and highly resistant, 8%), and high rates of cefotaxime nonsusceptibility for s. pneumoniae ... | 2001 | 11822777 |
| [spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess due to citrobacter freundii]. | 2002 | 11820988 | |
| susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among commonly isolated gram-negative bacilli in 2000: trust and tsn data for the united states. tracking resistance in the united states today. the surveillance network. | from january to may 2000, as part of the tracking resistance in the united states today (trust) surveillance initiative, clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae (n=2519) and non-fermentative gram-negatives (n=580) were prospectively collected from 26 hospital laboratories across the united states. isolates were tested for susceptibility to three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin) and seven other agents. in addition, data for the same period were collected from the surve ... | 2002 | 11814764 |
| [surveillance of bacterial resistance in shanghai]. | to analyze the surveillance data on bacterial resistance in shanghai hospitals reported from january 1 to december 31, 1999. | 2001 | 11798844 |
| [multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity in vitro for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in china using the e-test method]. | to investigate the in vitro activities of cefepime and other 5 beta-lactam antimicrobial agents against 937 strains isolated from 10 teaching hospitals in different geographical areas in china during the early 1998. | 2000 | 11798789 |
| insights into enzyme evolution revealed by the structure of methylaspartate ammonia lyase. | methylaspartate ammonia lyase (mal) catalyzes the magnesium-dependent reversible alpha,beta-elimination of ammonia from l-threo-(2s,3s)-3-methylaspartic acid to mesaconic acid. the 1.3 a mad crystal structure of the dimeric citrobacter amalonaticus mal shows that each subunit comprises two domains, one of which adopts the classical tim barrel fold, with the active site at the c-terminal end of the barrel. despite very low sequence similarity, the structure of mal is closely related to those of r ... | 2002 | 11796115 |
| bioflocculation production from lower-molecular fatty acids as a novel strategy for utilization of sludge digestion liquor. | we propose the bioproduction of a bioflocculant from lower-molecular fatty acids as an innovative strategy for utilizing waste sludge digestion liquor. fundamental studies on the production, characterization and application of a novel bioflocculant were performed. citrobactersp. tkf04 was screened out of 1,564 natural isolates as a bacterial strain capable of a bioflocculant from acetic and propionic acids. tkf04 produced the bioflocculant during the logarithmic growth in the batch cultivation, ... | 2001 | 11794660 |
| immunochemical analyses of serum antibodies from pig herds in a salmonella non-endemic region. | in a large comparative survey of danish and swedish slaughter pig herds performed prior to this work, it was unexpectedly found that some swedish herds harbored seropositive pigs. serum samples from the swedish herds had moderate responses in the salmonella mix-elisa (detecting serogroup b and c1 infections) compared to the danish herds classifying some of them as seropositive using a cut-off value at 40 od%. in sweden, extensive salmonella control is carried out by bacteriological screening of ... | 2002 | 11792494 |
| characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rendered animal products. | antibiotics are used in food animal production to treat diseases and also to improve performance. antibiotics are not used on all farms, and antibiotic resistance is occasionally found on farms that do not use antibiotics. rendered animal protein products are often included in poultry feeds and could potentially serve as a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. one hundred sixty-five rendered animal protein products from cattle, poultry, and fish were aseptically collected from poultry feed mi ... | 2001 | 11785899 |
| structures of two o-chain polysaccharides of citrobacter gillenii o9a,9b lipopolysaccharide. a new homopolymer of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (perosamine). | mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of citro- bacter gillenii o9a,9b released a polysaccharide (ps), which was found to consist of a single monosaccharide, 4- acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (d-rha4nac, n-acetyl-d-perosamine). ps was studied by methylation analysis and (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, using two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy, and h-detected (1)h,(13)c heteronuclear correlation experiments. it was found that ps includes two structurally different polysac ... | 2002 | 11784302 |
| effect of nutrient limitation on biofilm formation and phosphatase activity of a citrobacter sp. | a phosphatase-overproducing citrobacter sp. (ncimb 40259) was grown in an air-lift reactor in steady-state continuous culture under limitation of carbon, phosphorus or nitrogen. substantial biofilm formation, and the highest phosphatase activity, were observed under lactose limitation. however, the total amount of biofilm wet biomass and the phosphatase specific activity were reduced in phosphorus- or nitrogen-limited cultures or when glucose was substituted for lactose as the limiting carbon so ... | 2002 | 11782520 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in medical centers using carbapenems: report of 1999 and 2000 results from the mystic program (usa). | trends in susceptibility to antimicrobials were assessed from united states participants using 4488 isolates in the mystic program, 1999 (10 centers) through 2000 (15 centers). diverse types of hospitals (general service, university, cancer, federal, pediatric, cystic fibrosis) were enrolled from 13 states. in 2000, oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci were 100% susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, and cefepime; but only 88% of strains were susceptible to ceftazidime. among enterobacteriaceae, > o ... | 2001 | 11777656 |
| betalasen: microdilution panel for identifying beta-lactamases present in isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | a dried investigational use-only microdilution panel named betalasen (a short named derived from the panel's purpose, to identify beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae) containing 10 beta-lactam drugs with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors was developed to identify beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii group, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. the mics obtained with a collectio ... | 2002 | 11773104 |
| ertapenem: a new carbapenem. | ertapenem is a new 1-beta-methyl carbapenem, stable to dehydropeptidase, which binds preferable to penicillin-binding proteins (pbp) 2 and 3. ertapenem has a broad antibacterial spectrum with mic90 values < 0.5 mg/l for penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., serratia spp., proteus spp., clostridium perfringens, fusobact ... | 2001 | 11772242 |
| [sensitivity of e. coli and c. freundii strains to 5-azacytidine]. | the sensitivity of e. coli and c. freundii strains to 5-azacytidine and restrictase activity of partially purified cell-free extracts were investigated. restrictase activity was found only in 5-azacytidine-sensitive strains. in the 5-azacytidine-resistant strains restrictase activity was not detected. | 2001 | 11766257 |
| evaluation of culture media for enrichment and isolation of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri. | the performance of gram-negative (gn) broth with (10 microg/ml) and without novobiocin, shigella broth (sb) with 0.5 and 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin, all incubated at 37 degrees c (sb with 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin also at 42 degrees c) and buffered brilliant green bile glucose (ee) broth with 1.0 microg/ml novobiocin incubated at 37 and 42 degrees c were evaluated for resuscitation and growth of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri (eight strains; unstressed, chill-stressed and acid-stressed) and non-sh ... | 2001 | 11764191 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a taiwanese university hospital. | infections caused by gram-negative bacteria with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins require the identification of effective alternative antimicrobial therapy. to determine the role of other pre-existing or currently available antimicrobial agents in treating infections caused by these multidrug-resistant pathogens, we evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of these agents in 411 non-duplicate isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria recovered betw ... | 2002 | 11751769 |
| countrywide spread of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland. | eighty-four clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, recovered from 1998 to 2000 in 15 hospitals in 10 polish cities, were analyzed. all the isolates produced beta-lactamases with pis of 8.4 and 5.4, and the pi 8.4 enzymes were demonstrated to hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime in the in vitro bioassay. pcr analysis and dna sequencing have revealed that in all cases the pi 8.4 beta-lactamase was probably the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) variant, which was orig ... | 2002 | 11751126 |
| host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals. | the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ... | 2001 | 11742550 |
| influence of sulfobetaines on the stability of the citrobacterdiversus ula-27 beta-lactamase. | the activity and stability of beta-lactamase from citrobacter diversus ula-27 have been investigated in the presence of different ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. all the sulfobetaine surfactants tested allow the enzyme to retain its full activity, but the best stabilizing effect is greatly dependent on their structure. very little variations on the monomer headgroup can significantly reduce enzyme deactivation or speed up the loss of activity with respect to buffer alone. the whole hydrophob ... | 2001 | 11735433 |
| shv-12, shv-5, shv-2a and veb-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria isolated in a university hospital in thailand. | sixty-one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates were collected from srinagarind hospital, thailand. these included 43 enterobacteriaceae and 18 pseudomonadaceae. the 43 enterobacteriaceae were found to produce the following esbls: 26 (60.5%) shv-12, 13 (30.2%) shv-5, two (4.7%) shv-2a, one (2.3%) veb-1 and one (2.3%) unidentified. twenty-four isolates (55.8%) also carried bla(tem-1b), as well as bla(shv) or bla(veb-1). plasmid dna from transconjugants carrying the bla(shv-12 ... | 2001 | 11733468 |
| inhibition of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii by 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine. | the interactions of 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii have been examined. 2-aza-dl-tyrosine and 3-aza-dl-tyrosine were synthesized by standard methods of amino acid synthesis, while the l-isomers were prepared from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, with tpl (watkins, e. b., and phillips, r. s. (2001) bioorg. med. chem. lett. 11, 2099-2100). 3-azatyrosine was examined as a potential transition state analogue inhibitor o ... | 2001 | 11732906 |
| structural studies on the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide produced by citrobacter rodentium (atcc 51459). | citrobacter rodentium is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) and is the only citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to human enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. members of this species are considered clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice and thus provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of attaching and effacing pathology. the lipopolysaccharid ... | 2001 | 11722558 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of citrobacter amalonaticus methylaspartate ammonia lyase. | methylaspartate ammonia lyase (mal) catalyses the reversible alpha,beta-elimination of ammonia from l-threo-(2s,3s)-3-methylaspartic acid to give mesaconic acid. crystals of citrobacter amalonaticus mal have been obtained by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. three crystal forms were obtained from identical crystallization conditions, two of which (forms a and b) diffract to high resolution, whilst the third form diffracted poorly. crystals of ... | 2001 | 11717518 |
| cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | there is little information about the clinical effectiveness of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens. some inferences have been drawn from laboratory studies, which have usually involved only one or a few strains of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae or escherichia coli that produced only a limited range of esbls. such studies are indirect, sometimes conflicting, indicators of efficacy. to exte ... | 2001 | 11709338 |
| clinical and microbiologic findings in dogs with bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse: 37 cases (1990-1995). | to investigate the role of bacteria in bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse in dogs by evaluating qualitative results of bacteriologic cultures. | 2001 | 11697368 |
| long-term outcome of neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis treated with imipenem/meropenem and surgical drainage. | neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis is often complicated by the formation of brain abscesses and has a poor neurological outcome with seizures, mental retardation and paresis as sequelae in 50% of the cases. as there is emerging resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporins, we attempted to treat this infection with carbapenems. carbapenems in combination with cefotaxime and surgical drainage may play an important role in treating c. koseri meningitis. | 2001 | 11688908 |
| [identification of vibrio spp bacteria on skin lesions of fisherman in the county of raposa-ma]. | the study was undertaken aiming at identifying bacteria from the county of raposa in the state of maranhão. the clinical sample was collected by using a swab and held in a cary-blair transport medium. enrichment in alkaline peptone water, isolation in tcbs selective indicator medium and biochemical coding of species were used for laboratory processing. fifty fisherman with age varying from 12-65 years took part on the study. vibrio bacteria isolated in 21 subjects had been identified. there was ... | 2001 | 11600905 |
| critical role for tumor necrosis factor alpha in controlling the number of lumenal pathogenic bacteria and immunopathology in infectious colitis. | infection of mice with the intestinal bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium results in colonic mucosal hyperplasia and a local th1 inflammatory response similar to that seen in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. in these latter models, and in patients with crohn's disease, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is of therapeutic benefit. since there is no information on the role of tnf-alpha in either immunity to noninvasive bacterial pathogens or on the role of tn ... | 2001 | 11598034 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts. | bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ... | 2001 | 11571207 |
| bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c. | fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ... | 2001 | 11563518 |
| activity of ertapenem (mk-0826) versus enterobacteriaceae with potent beta-lactamases. | ertapenem (mk-0826; l-749,345), a new carbapenem with a long serum half-life, was tested, in vitro, against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the new compound had a mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.06 microg/ml for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiellas, compared with 0.5 microg/ml for imipenem, 16 microg/ml for cefepime, and >128 microg/ml for ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. mics of ertapenem for ampc-derepressed mutant enterobacteriaceae wer ... | 2001 | 11557477 |
| locus of enterocyte effacement from citrobacter rodentium: sequence analysis and evidence for horizontal transfer among attaching and effacing pathogens. | the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. these bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. the genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). citrobacter rodentium is the only ... | 2001 | 11553577 |
| enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection induces expression of the early growth response factor by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in epithelial cells. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. epec belongs to the group of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens. it uses a type iii secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell that mediate signal transduction events in host cells. we used gene array technology to study epithelial cell responses to epec infection at the level of gene expr ... | 2001 | 11553563 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and characterization of the asta gene encoding an arylsulfate sulfotransferase from citrobacter freundii. | arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. in the present study, the gene encoding asst was cloned from a genomic library copy of citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pgem3zf(-) and sequenced. sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as asta and dsba, respectively. the amino acid sequence of ... | 2001 | 11534764 |
| evolution, incidence, and susceptibility of bacterial bloodstream isolates from 519 bone marrow transplant patients. | bacteria remain an important cause of infection in bone marrow transplants. to examine shifts in the etiology and susceptibility of bacterial isolates from transplants, we reviewed the incidence and susceptibility of blood isolates during a 7-year period. the infection rate fell dramatically during this time. gram-positive organisms were isolated more often than gram-negative organisms, but the trend is reversing. streptococci surpassed staphylococci for 5 years as the leading pathogen. increasi ... | 2001 | 11528564 |
| group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing. | little is known about the relative importance of the four species of lancefield group g beta-hemolytic streptococci in causing bacteremia and the factors that determine the outcome for patients with group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia. from 1997 to 2000, 75 group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains were isolated from the blood cultures of 66 patients. sequencing of the 16s rrna genes of the group g beta-hemolytic streptococci showed that all 75 isolates were streptococcus dysgalac ... | 2001 | 11526143 |
| comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of bms284756 (t-3811, a desfluoroquinolone) tested against 656 enterobacteriaceae, including preliminary in vitro susceptibility test comparisons and development. | bms284756 (t-3811), a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, was evaluated using isolates of enterobacteriaceae from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program tested by etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden), reference broth microdilution and disk diffusion (5-microg) methods. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin and gatifloxacin were also tested by broth microdilution as comparator antimicrobial agents within the same drug class. the 656 isolate collection included species from the genera citrobacter, e ... | 2001 | 11516937 |
| enzymatic synthesis of aza-l-tyrosines. | tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii synthesizes 2-aza-l-tyrosine and 3-aza-l-tyrosine from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, and ammonium pyruvate. | 2001 | 11514147 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 9 institutions in japan were supplied between the period of august 1999 to july 2000. then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. the number of them were 499 strains. the breakdown of these strains was gram-positive bacteria as 31.3% and gram-negative bacteria as 68.7%. susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vanco ... | 2001 | 11510118 |
| otitis media seen in yekatit 12 hospital. | two thousand three hundred and thirty four selected patients with ear problem were seen in one of the ent out patients department of yekatit 12 hospital from september 1994 to august 1996 were prospectively studied. most of the patients came from addis ababa. major clinical presentations were ear pain, purulent ear discharge, uni or bilateral decreased hearing ability. patients were carefully evaluated by physical examination, otoscopy examination of the ear, schuilers view of the mastoid bone, ... | 2001 | 11501288 |
| intimin-specific immune responses prevent bacterial colonization by the attaching-effacing pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions on gut enterocytes is central to the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and the rodent pathogen citrobacter rodentium. genes encoding a/e lesion formation map to a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). here we show that the lee-encoded proteins espa, espb, tir, and intimin are the targets of long-lived humoral immune responses in c. rodentium- ... | 2001 | 11500434 |
| further studies on rpos in enterobacteria: identification of rpos in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens. | rpos, the alternative sigma factor sigma(s), is important for bacterial survival under extreme conditions. many enterobacteria are opportunistic human pathogens and their ability to survive in a changing environment could be an essential step for their virulence. to determine the presence of this gene in enteric bacteria, an escherichia coli rpos probe was constructed and used to detect the presence of this gene in different species. a gene homologous to rpos was found in citrobacter amalonaticu ... | 2001 | 11491080 |
| microbial decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent in presence of nitrogen and phosphorus by activated sludge process. | the effect of ph, nutrient and aeration was studied on the removal of colour and reduction of bod, cod and heavy metals with addition of readily available source of nitrogen and phosphorus in concentration of 1.0 g/l. recalcitrant compound was effectively degraded by active microbial consortia. the isolated bacteria were identified as pseudomonas putida (s1), citrobacter sp. (s4) and enterobacter sp. (s5). these organisms not only decolourised effluent upto 97% but reduced bod, cod, phenolics an ... | 2001 | 11480347 |
| uv raman spectral intensities of e. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm. | resonance raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for gram-negative escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as gram-positive bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis. spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. although raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for al ... | 2001 | 11476245 |
| blood stream infections in a medical intensive care unit: spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | to determine the type and sensitivity pattern of causative organisms of septicaemia in intensive care unit, to prepare a guideline for empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2001 | 11475775 |
| the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock in rats. | bacterial translocation is thought to be responsible for infectious complications after hemorrhagic shock. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation in animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock. thirty-one wistar albino rats (280-360 g) were divided into three groups: sham (n=10), shock (n=11), and shock-pentoxifylline (n=10). blood was not withdrawn from sham rats. shock rats were subjected to 30 min of shock followed by reinfusion ... | 2001 | 11467403 |
| efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ... | 2001 | 11456359 |
| source and identification of histamine-producing bacteria from fresh and temperature-abused albacore. | histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from fresh and temperature-abused albacore using two different isolation procedures. typically, the bacterial isolates on niven's or modified niven's medium produced negligible or low levels of histamine (<300 ppm) in histamine enumeration broth. the most frequently found species using this approach was hafnia alvei. by prescreening on selective media (eosin methylene blue [emb] agar for enteric bacteria; deman rogosa sharpe agar for lactic acid bacteri ... | 2001 | 11456189 |
| surveillance of bacterial resistance among isolates in shanghai in 1999. | we report here surveillance data on the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates from 11 shanghai hospitals in 1999, for guidance in the clinical use of antibacterial agents. of the 14,855 strains collected, 5130 (34.5%) were gram-positive cocci and 9725 (65.5%) were gram-negative bacilli. the most common organisms in descending order of frequency, were: escherichia coli (16%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns; 14.3%), klebsiella spp. (12.3%), staphylococcus aureus (11.5%), pseudomonas aer ... | 2001 | 11455503 |