Publications

incidence of listeria species in raw and pasteurized milk produced in são paulo, brazil.	the present study evaluated the incidence of listeria spp. in raw and pasteurized milk from a brazilian dairy plant. ten samples of each type of milk (raw types b and c and pasteurized types b and c) were collected monthly from october 1989 to september 1990 (except in december), comprising 440 samples (110 samples of each type of milk). the recovery of listeria spp. was carried out using lpm (lithium chloride phenylethanol moxalactam) and mox (modified oxford) agars, after a two-step enrichment ...	1993	8217519
antagonistic activity of two strains of lactic acid bacteria against listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica in a model fish product at 5 degrees c.	the antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria against one strain of listeria monocytogenes, scott a and one strain of yersinia enterocolitica serotype o:3 was studied by using either a strain of a leuconostoc spp. or a lactobacillus plantarum strain. each of the two potential pathogenic, psychrotrophic bacteria were inoculated with either of the two lactic acid bacteria in sterile shrimp extracts containing citric acid (ph 5.8 and 6.0) and in some experiments also 3% (w/v) nacl. the samples ...	1993	8217515
[occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in snakes, tortoises, lizards and amphibians raised as pets].	listeria (l.) spp. were isolated from fecal samples of 9 (30.0%) from 30 tortoises, of 4 (12.1%) from 33 lizards, of 3 (60.0%) from 5 amphibia and of 1 (1.3%) of 76 snakes. all animals were kept as pets. 8 isolates were identified as l. monocytogenes, whereas 4 strains were serovar 4ab (3 tortoises and 1 amphibia), 3 strains serovar 4b (2 tortoises and 1 snake) and 1 strain serovar 4e (1 amphibia). further 4 isolates were identified as l. ivanovii serovar 5 (3 lizards and 1 tortoise), 3 strains ...	1993	8216194
development of a random amplification of polymorphic dna typing method for listeria monocytogenes.	the 10-mer primer opm-01 (5'-gtt ggt ggc t-3') was used to generate random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles by polymerase chain reaction for 91 strains of listeria monocytogenes from raw milk, food, and veterinary, medical, and food-environmental sources. the profiles obtained contained 1 to 10 bands within the molecular size range of 0.5 to 5.0 kbp. reproducibility was enhanced by annealing at low stringency and introducing a 1-min ramp time between annealing and extension tempe ...	1993	8215380
biological inactivation of adhering listeria monocytogenes by listeriaphages and a quaternary ammonium compound.	the use of listeriaphages as a means of disinfecting contaminated stainless-steel and polypropylene surfaces was investigated. surfaces artificially contaminated with l. monocytogenes 10401 and 8427 were sanitized with suspensions of listeriaphages (h387, h387-a, and 2671), all belonging to the siphoviridae family. phage suspensions at concentrations of up to 3.5 x 10(8) pfu/ml were at least as efficient as a 20 ppm solution of a quaternary ammonium compound (quatal) in reducing l. monocytogenes ...	1993	8215364
application of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in studies of the epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes in denmark.	a total of 245 strains of listeria monocytogenes were investigated. these strains were isolated from human and animal cases of listeriosis as well as from different kinds of raw and processed foods. thirty-three electrophoretic types (ets) were identified among the 245 strains. the strains investigated included all human clinical strains isolated in denmark during 1989 and 1990. seventy-three percent of the strains isolated in this period were assigned to one of only two ets (et 1 and et 4). et ...	1993	8215357
a simple rna probe system for analysis of listeria monocytogenes polymerase chain reaction products.	the synthesis of an rna probe specific for the hlya gene of listeria monocytogenes by in vitro transcription from a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated template incorporating bacteriophage t7 promoter sequences is described. this simple method produced a high yield of rna which hybridized specifically with hlya pcr products on a membrane, resulting in rna-dna hybrids which were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay with an anti-rna-dna hybrid antibody. the rna probe hybridization system was ...	1993	8215354
[effect of listeria on contractibility of human uterine muscle].	in austria the prevalence of listeriosis is 2.6 cases per million inhabitants yearly, hence rather rarely the cause of spontaneous abortion or premature birth. on the other hand, listeria monocytogenes is found in 1% of the asymptomatic population as a component of stool flora. since the cause of premature labour contractions remains unclear in about half of all cases, we examined 29 listeria strains for their ability to cause myometrial contraction by direct contact using an in-vitro uterine st ...	1993	8212768
[human listeriosis: 2 new cases in tunisia and literature review].		1993	8212336
listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis: the diagnostic importance of the csf lactic acid.		1994	8206777
interstitial lung macrophages interact with dendritic cells to present antigenic peptides derived from particulate antigens to t cells.	when the protective structural and functional barriers of the lung are breached, immune responses must be generated in order to contain invading micro-organisms. this requires the presence of accessory cells capable of phagocytosing and presenting immunogenic peptides to either naive or sensitized t cells. in contrast to dendritic cells (dc) present in the airway epithelium, those within the lung parenchyma do not readily engulf particulates and, therefore, other mechanisms must account for thei ...	1994	8206508
an immunotoxicity assessment of food flavouring ingredients.	a rapid screening protocol incorporating key elements of the us national toxicology program's immunotoxicity tier testing strategy was used to evaluate the effects of 35 commonly used food flavouring ingredients on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. the test compounds were administered intragastrically on a daily basis for 5 days at three dose levels to female cd-1 or b6c3f1 mice, 6-8 wk old. a host resistance assay (listeria monocytogenes bacterial challenge) was conducted to assess ce ...	1994	8206439
inhibition of intracellular growth of listeria monocytogenes by antibiotics.	we studied the activities of 15 antibiotics on the intracellular growth of listeria monocytogenes in a hela cell line. after 24 h of contact with the infected cells, the antibiotics most effective against the intracellular growth of the 10 strains tested were amoxicillin, temafloxacin, and sparfloxacin, which nevertheless failed to totally eliminate the intracellular bacteria. rifampin and co-trimoxazole had variable effects, depending on the isolates studied. the most active combinations were a ...	1994	8203836
effects of uv-b on the resistance against infectious diseases.	it is known that ultraviolet-b light (uv-b) affects human health. in addition to deleterious effects on the skin and the eyes, such as erythema, photoageing, keratitis and cataract, uv-b is also able to impair the resistance against skin-associated tumours and infections. our data implicate that uv-b can impair the resistance against certain non-skin-associated infections in rats, such as listeria monocytogenes, trichinella spiralis and ratcytomegalovirus (rcmv). rats, infected with t. spiralis, ...	1994	8202953
determination of the presence of listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products: idf collaborative study.	a collaborative study was conducted on the recovery of viable listeria monocytogenes from milk and dairy products (camembert cheese, limburger cheese, skim milk powder, and ice cream). test portions were homogenized with listeria-selective liquid enrichment medium and cultured at 30 degrees c for 48 h. the enrichment culture was then subcultured onto a solid isolation medium at 37 degrees c for 48 h. suspected listeria colonies were identified by appropriate conventional morphological, physiolog ...	1994	8199474
the bovine placentome in bacterial and mycotic abortions.	placentomes were extracted from the uteri of 22 aborted cows and examined to detect the cause of abortion; fetuses or fetal abomasal contents from 15 of the cows were also examined. firm diagnoses of pasteurella haemolytica, actinomyces pyogenes, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus fumigatus or mortierella wolfii abortion were made in 11 cases. the histopathological lesions showed some correlation with the identity of the bacterium isolated; the lesions of mycotic abortio ...	1994	8197693
arrest of listeria movement in host cells by a bacterial acta analogue: implications for actin-based motility.	upon entering the host cell's cytoplasm, the pathogen listeria monocytogenes can subvert the normal contractile system of the host cell; subsequent assembly of polar actin-filament structures is likely to provide the force for rapid intracellular bacterial movement and its cell-to-cell spread. we have now investigated the functional consequences of microinjecting listeria-infected ptk2 cells with a synthetic peptide, cfefpppptde. this peptide represents one of four related oligoproline stretches ...	1994	8197202
sendai virus pneumonia: evidence for the early recruitment of gamma delta t cells during the disease course.	we previously reported that gamma delta t cells appeared and could play a protective role early in infections with intracellular bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium bovis bcg, and salmonella choleraesuis. to extend these findings to virus infection, we examined the developmental sequence of gamma delta t cells in bronchoalveolar lavage during the course of sendai virus infection in c57bl/6 mice. to produce a natural but nonlethal infection course as far as possible, we used a ...	1994	8189536
role of il-6 in activation of t cells for acquired cellular resistance to listeria monocytogenes.	we have previously shown that il-6 is a major cytokine in the serum of mice infected with the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes, and that injection of ril-6 before, but not after, infection promotes the recovery of mice from listeriosis. here we demonstrate that il-6 is required in the early stages of infection, in that injection of anti-il-6 ab 24 or 4 h before infection, but not 24 h after, led to a massive increase in bacterial numbers 4 or more days after infection. on the other ...	1994	8189056
an h2-t mhc class ib molecule presents listeria monocytogenes-derived antigen to immune cd8+ cytotoxic t cells.	mouse spleen t cells can adoptively transfer immunity to listeria monocytogenes; this activity was markedly enhanced by stimulation with con a in vitro before transfer. the enhanced and prolonged protection against l. monocytogenes in vivo was correlated with enhanced lysis in vitro of target cells infected with strains of l. monocytogenes that produce listeriolysin o (llo). one of the targets of such cytotoxic cells from balb/c (h2d) mice was a peptide that corresponded to amino acids 91 to 99 ...	1994	8189053
adhering heat-killed human lactobacillus acidophilus, strain lb, inhibits the process of pathogenicity of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in cultured human intestinal cells.	heat-killed l. acidophilus, strain lb, was tested for its ability to adhere in vitro onto human enterocyte-like caco-2 and muco-secreting ht29-mtx cells in culture. the heat-killed lb bacteria exhibited a high adhesive property. a diffuse pattern of adhesion was observed to the undifferentiated cells, the apical brush border of the enterocytic cells, and to the mucus layer that covered the surface of the mucus-secreting cells. the inhibitory effect of heat-killed lb organisms against the human i ...	1993	8188996
plasmid-borne cadmium resistance genes in listeria monocytogenes are present on tn5422, a novel transposon closely related to tn917.	the complete (6,449-bp) nucleotide sequence of the first-described natural transposon of listeria monocytogenes, designated tn5422, was determined. tn5422 is a transposon of the tn3 family delineated by imperfect inverted repeats (irs) of 40 bp. it contains two genes which confer cadmium resistance (m. lebrun, a. audurier, and p. cossart, j. bacteriol. 176:3040-3048, 1994) and two open reading frames that encode a transposase (tnpa) and a resolvase (tnpr) of 971 and 184 amino acids, respectively ...	1994	8188606
plasmid-borne cadmium resistance genes in listeria monocytogenes are similar to cada and cadc of staphylococcus aureus and are induced by cadmium.	plm74 is the smallest known plasmid in listeria monocytogenes. it confers resistance to the toxic divalent cation cadmium. it contains a 3.1-kb ecori fragment which hybridizes with the cadac genes of plasmid pi258 of staphylococcus aureus. when introduced into cadmium-sensitive l. monocytogenes or bacillus subtilis strains, this fragment conferred cadmium resistance. the dna sequence of the 3.1-kb ecori fragment contains two open reading frames, cada and cadc. the deduced amino acid sequences ar ...	1994	8188605
treatment with anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody enhances early resistance to but impairs complete clearance of listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.	mice that received an anti-interleukin-10 (anti-il-10) neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) (sxc-1) prior to infection with listeria monocytogenes initially demonstrated resistance to the infection, as indicated by reduced recovery of l. monocytogenes from their spleens and livers during the first 5 days after challenge. anti-il-10 mab-treated mice then demonstrated reduced resistance during the later stage of infection, as indicated by persistent infection with l. monocytogenes in their liver ...	1994	8188357
gentamicin kills intracellular listeria monocytogenes.	the purpose of the experiments described here was to test whether membrane-impermeant antibiotics present in the extracellular milieu could kill bacteria within macrophages. for this, mouse macrophage hybrids and elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages first were allowed to phagocytose the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the cells were incubated with or without gentamicin, and their bactericidal activity was measured. the results show that gentamicin caused normally non ...	1994	8188344
perinatal listeriosis in a dutch woman returning from holiday in france.	a case is reported of perinatal infection and fetal death due to listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b in a 28-weeks pregnant woman, who had spent her holiday in an area in france where an epidemic outbreak of listeriosis had occurred. sero- and phage-typing combined with sensitive dna-typing demonstrated that the listeria was identical to the strain responsible for the outbreak in france. although listeriosis appears to be an uncommon cause of perinatal infection, practicing obstetricians should b ...	1994	8187925
genetic characterization of plasmid-encoded multiple antibiotic resistance in a strain of listeria monocytogenes causing endocarditis.	one susceptible and two multiply resistant isolates of listeria monocytogenes from a patient suffering from prosthetic valve endocarditis are described. they could not be distinguished by several typing methods. two isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics and tetracycline. the resistance determinants were located on a 39 kb plasmid pwdb100 that was transferable by filter mating to several gram-positive bacteria. evidence was obtained to support ...	1993	8187788
role of macrophages and alpha beta t lymphocytes in early interleukin 10 production during listeria monocytogenes infection.	immunity to intracellular bacteria including listeria monocytogenes is determined by th1 cells and cd8 t cells which produce interferon-gamma. here we show that high levels of il-10 are released by splenocytes from mice infected with l. monocytogenes. il-10 was detected on day 1 after infection, peaked on day 4, and subsequently declined. cell separation studies and experiments with rag-1-deficient mice, which do not possess mature b cells or t cells, revealed that the macrophage is the major ce ...	1994	8186197
listeria monocytogenes capd peritonitis: failure of vancomycin therapy.		1994	8182032
listeria meningitis presenting as enteritis in a previously healthy infant: a case report.	a previously healthy 1-year-old infant was admitted with pyrexia and mild gastro-intestinal symptoms. a blood culture, taken on admission, showed growth of listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b) on the 3rd day, at which time a lumbar puncture revealed a listeric meningitis. despite the delay of antibiotic treatment, the infant never showed any neurological symptoms. she recuperated without any residual effects.	1994	8181501
cloning and sequencing of sakp encoding sakacin p, the bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus sake lth 673.	sakacin p is a heat-stable, unmodified peptide bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus sake lth 673. the strain was isolated from fermented dry sausages and is well adapted to this habitat. the bacteriocin inhibits the growth of the opportunistic food pathogens enterococcus faecalis and listeria monocytogenes and therefore, it may improve the hygienic status of fermented food, i.e. meat products. oligonucleotide probes were designed from the n-terminal amino acid sequence of sakacin p and used to ...	1994	8180701
listeria monocytogenes and severe newborn respiratory failure supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.	to determine the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) in newborn infants with early-onset listeria monocytogenes infection, necrotizing pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure.	1994	8180643
generalised listeria monocytogenes infection in a dog.	a 6-year-old doberman bitch was presented for an acute onset of circling, hemiparesis and depression. clinical examination revealed conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, anaemia, decreased facial sensation, decreased jaw, tongue and pharyngeal tone, decreased conscious proprioception, decreased flexor withdrawal reflexes, and abnormal hemiwalking and hemistanding. pancytopaenia was evident on haematological evaluation. bone marrow cytology revealed a bacterial infection. cerebrospinal fluid analysis w ...	1993	8176688
[a case of listeria meningitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus].	we report a case of listeria meningitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). the case is a 29-year-old female who was diagnosed as sle on august, 1982, and had been followed since then. on may 25, 1993, she was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, head ache and vomiting which developed 3 days before admission. an examination of the cerebro-spinal fluid (csf) revealed a cell count of (3664/3/mm3), protein concentration (123 mg/dl), and the quotient of csf (q albumin) ...	1994	8176284
interaction of listeria species with human cell monolayers.	in foodborne listeriosis, the first step of infection must be attachment to, and invasion of, the gastrointestinal epithelium by virulent listeria monocytogenes. virulence factors affecting this invasion are only now being determined. we examined the interaction of l. monocytogenes, serotypes 4b and 1/2a strains with "smooth" and "rough" characteristics. in addition, flagellated and non-flagellated isogenic strains altered by transposon mutagenesis were examined to study the effect of flagellae ...	1994	8174317
directional actin assembly by listeria monocytogenes at the site of polar surface expression of the acta gene product involving the actin-bundling protein plastin (fimbrin).		1993	8173794
the role of two phospholipases in the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes.		1993	8173791
listeriosis--a review of eighty-four cases.	to review the epidemiology, risk factors for acquisition, clinical features and outcomes of listeria monocytogenes infection in sydney.	1994	8170424
fate of listeria monocytogenes during the souring of ergo, a traditional ethiopian fermented milk.	the growth potential of three strains of listeria monocytogenes during the natural souring of raw milk into ergo was studied to determine the effect of souring and container smoking on their inactivation. all three strains of l. monocytogenes grew well in sterile milk in unsmoked containers, reaching counts > 10(7) cfu/ml within 24 h at ambient temperature. smoking of containers decreased the growth rate of the strains for 24 h but had varying effects on the strains. for all test strains, the co ...	1994	8169276
antigen-specific t-cell responses during primary and secondary listeria monocytogenes infection.	although murine listeriosis is a widely used experimental model for the analysis of cell-mediated immunity, there is little information about individual t-cell antigens of listeria monocytogenes which are recognized during primary and secondary infection. to study the antigen responses of l. monocytogenes-reactive t cells, somatic and secreted listerial proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequently divided into 480 liquid fractions. antigen-specific t cells isol ...	1994	8168953
protein phosphorylation in murine peritoneal macrophages induced by infection with salmonella species.	infection of peritoneal macrophages from c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice with salmonella typhimurium or s. enteritidis induced extensive phosphorylation in a set of proteins with molecular masses of 85, 72, 35, 30, and 23 kda, which were different from those induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. the phosphorylated proteins of 35, 30, and 23 kda (pp35, pp30, and pp23, respectively) originated from the infecting bacteria, because living bacteria could induce these phosphorylated proteins themselves, a ...	1994	8168916
mice with an acquired immunodeficiency (maids) develop a persistent infection after injection with listeria monocytogenes.	mice with a retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency were challenged with listeria monocytogenes and resistance to this facultative intracellular bacterium was analyzed. early innate immunity was unaltered or enhanced. although immunodeficient mice had reduced bacterial titers after these reached their peak on day 3, infection with l. monocytogenes generally resulted in a low-grade persistent infection and occasionally there was a delayed resolution of bacterial infection. endogenous cytokines are im ...	1994	8168147
cellular interactions of murine immune cells exposed to live mycobacterium intracellulare, its whole lipid extract, and its serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid.	in this study we examined some of the immunological responses to mycobacterium intracellulare and its lipid components. our results indicate that infection with m. intracellulare can increase the expression of adhesion molecules, icam-1 and lfa-1, only at the site of injection (peritoneum). there was no change in the expression of these adhesion molecules in the lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen). significant increases in the adhesion molecules were observed in the spleen cells incubated with t ...	1994	8168139
photochemical inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in human platelet concentrates.	platelet concentrates (pc) may be infrequently contaminated with low levels of bacteria that can cause septicemia and death in patients receiving transfusion therapy. we evaluated the efficacy of a photochemical decontamination (pcd) technique using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and long wavelength uv light (uva) to inactivate bacteria in standard therapeutic pc. twelve phylogenetically distinct pathogenic bacteria, 5 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative organisms, were seeded into pc to a final challe ...	1994	8167348
co-trimoxazole for the treatment of listeriosis and its successful use in a patients with aids.		1994	8163829
septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome due to listeria monocytogenes.		1994	8163769
differential heat-shock protein synthesis and response to stress in three avirulent and virulent listeria species.	two strains of listeria monocytogenes, a virulent (v) and an avirulent (a) strain obtained by repeated in vitro cultivation at 37 degrees c, exhibited differing constitutive syntheses of heat-shock proteins (hsp) at 37 degrees c, the temperature of the infected host, and a differential response to heat treatment. these two strains also reacted differently to addition of a superoxide ion inducer and acid to treatments. our observations were not limited to these two strains of l. monocytogenes: th ...	1993	8159869
inhibition of allograft rejection by anti-t-cell receptor-alpha beta monoclonal antibodies preserving resistance to bacterial infection.	anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody (mab) has been administered in clinical organ transplantation to reverse acute allograft rejection; however, severe immunodeficiency can result from such mab treatment and cause an increased incidence of opportunistic infections. therefore, new model systems are required in order to establish better methods for suppressing allograft rejection while preserving resistance to opportunistic infections. in this study, we compared the effects of the in vivo administration ...	1994	8157269
effect of ifn-gamma and endogenous tnf on the histopathological changes in the liver of listeria monocytogenes-infected mice.	during primary infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes, the bacteria proliferate extensively in the liver resulting in the development of inflammatory lesions in this organ. in the present study, the effect of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) on the development of these lesions, and the involvement of endogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in the ifn-gamma-induced effects were evaluated. during an infection of naive mice with l. monocytogenes, two types of inflammatory lesions in ...	1994	8157268
in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefepime: a multicentre study.	the antimicrobial activity of cefepime, a new broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1757 recent clinical gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. cefepime was active at low concentrations (mic50 values < or = 0.06 mg/l and mic90 values < or = 0.12 mg/l) against non-cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.). for klebsiella pneumoniae, mics were between 0.016 and 16 mg/l; the highest mic ...	1993	8150767
influence of acetylsalicylic acid on a listeria monocytogenes infection.	the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (asa, cas 50-78-2) on the listeria monocytogenes infection in balb/c mice was investigated. one day prior to lethal or sublethal infection, balb/c mice were treated intravenously with therapeutic concentrations of asa alone or asa in combination with murine recombinant interferon gamma, a lymphokine produced by t-helper cells. three days post-infection, parasite burdens of spleen and liver were determined by the colony-forming unit assay. it was shown that t ...	1993	8147267
antimicrobial activity of shredded carrot extracts on food-borne bacteria and yeast.	purified ethanolic extracts of peeled and shredded carrots showed an antimicrobial effect against a range of food-borne micro-organisms. the minimum inhibitory concentration, expressed as mg ml-1 dried carrot material used for the extraction were: leuconostoc mesenteroides, 27; listeria monocytogenes, > 27 < 55; staphylococcus aureus, > 27 < 55; pseudomonas fluorescens, > 55 < 110; candida lambica, > 55 < 110; escherichia coli, > 110 < 220. the antimicrobial activity was not linked to phenolic c ...	1994	8144415
an in-vitro meat model for the immediate bactericidal effect of lactic acid decontamination on meat surfaces.	an in-vitro model of the lactic acid decontamination (lad) of meat is described. as lad is a disinfection rather than a preservation process the model is based on the inactivation kinetics of bacteria in a suspension of pork skin. the model takes account of interfering factors present in nature, such as microbial interactions, leaching of organic material from the meat surfaces and buffering activity.	1994	8144404
do nonclassical, class ib mhc molecules present bacterial antigens to t cells?	immune responses to bacterial antigens that appear unrestricted by the mhc may involve oligomorphic mhc class ib molecules. one example is h-2m3, which binds n-formylated peptides and presents a listeria peptide to cytotoxic t cells from infected mice. lack of polymorphism makes these molecules a promising target for peptide vaccines.	1993	8143114
psychrotrophs in dairy products: their effects and their control.	health concerns and technological effects of psychrotrophic bacteria in dairy products are reviewed, as well as methods to control their presence and development. the various gram-negative and gram-positive psychrotrophic species are listed and, with respect to pathogenic psychrotrophs, emphasis is given on listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, and bacillus cereus. the influence of psychrotrophic bacteria on the quality of raw milk, pasteurized and uht milks, butter, ice cream, cheese ...	1994	8142043
immunogold labelling of listeria monocytogenes virulence-related factors within caco-2 cells.	we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that listeriolysin o (llo), phospholipases and other putative virulence-related proteins produced by listeria monocytogenes were primarily cell-wall-associated when the bacterium infected caco-2 tissue culture cell monolayers. antibodies made to llo, serogroup 1/2a reacted poorly with serogroup 4b cells and vice-versa, indicating fundamental structural differences in the two proteins. finally, comet-tail pseudopod structures shown to be involved in ce ...	1993	8140278
purification and cloning of sakacin 674, a bacteriocin from lactobacillus sake lb674.	sakacin 674, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus sake lb764 and which inhibits the growth of listeria monocytogenes, was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and sequential ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and reversed phase chromatography. the complete amino acid sequence of sakacin 674 was determined by edman degradation. the bacteriocin consisted of 43 amino acid residues and had a calculated molecular mass of 4436.6 da, which is in good agreement with the molec ...	1994	8138128
[species-specific detection of listeria monocytogenes by directed dna amplification].	a highly sensitive species-specific test system which allows detection listeria monocytogenes in animal tissues is elaborated using the principle of a polymerase chain reaction. the potentialities of its application were studied in the conditions of experimental infection of animals. it is shown that while the procedure of detection is relatively simple and fast, the test system is as sensitive and specific as traditional microbiological methods.	1994	8133847
in vitro activity of rufloxacin against listeria monocytogenes, legionella pneumophila, and chlamydia trachomatis.	the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, rufloxacin, was determined against both clinical isolates and standard strains of legionella pneumophila, chlamydia trachomatis, and listeria monocytogenes and compared to that of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and erythromycin. among the antibacterials tested erythromycin was the most active. rufloxacin inhibited the growth of l. pneumophila at concentrations in the range of 0.06-0.25 mg/l, that of c. trachomatis at concentrations in the range of 2-4, ...	1994	8131632
the type i macrophage scavenger receptor binds to gram-positive bacteria and recognizes lipoteichoic acid.	macrophage scavenger receptors exhibit unusually broad binding specificity for polyanionic ligands and have been implicated in atherosclerosis and various host defense functions. using a radiolabeled, secreted form of the type i bovine macrophage scavenger receptor in an in vitro binding assay, we have found that this receptor binds to intact gram-positive bacteria, including streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus hirae, and listeria monocytogenes. ...	1994	8127896
impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice.	interleukin-6 (il-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various aspects of the immune response, acute-phase reaction and haematopoiesis (for reviews see refs 1, 2). in vitro, leukaemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin m, ciliary neurotrophic factor and interleukin-11 display overlapping activities with il-6. this functional redundancy may be explained by the interactions of specific binding receptors with a common signal-transducing receptor (gp130) (for reviews see refs 3, 4). to elucida ...	1994	8127368
the role of cytokines in experimental listeriosis.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, intracytoplasmatically replicating pathogen that elicits host reactions which are very similar in man and rodents. using murine listeriosis as a highly reproducible and convenient experimental model for studying the immune response to infections with facultative intracellular bacteria, mackaness developed the concept of t cell-mediated macrophage activation as the pivotal mechanism in host defense against this type of infectious agents. continued resear ...	1993	8125514
functional overlap in the src gene family: inactivation of hck and fgr impairs natural immunity.	we have generated mice with targeted disruptions of the src-like genes hck and fgr to assess the role of these kinases in myeloid cell development and function. hematopoiesis appears to proceed normally in both hck-l- and fgr-l- animals, and in hck-l(-)-fgr-l- double homozygotes, but phagocytosis is impaired in hck-l- macrophages. macrophages cultured from doubly homozygous, hck-l(-)-fgr-l- animals retain many other normal functional properties, suggesting that the deficiency of these kinases is ...	1994	8125254
critical points in meat production lines regarding the introduction of listeria monocytogenes.	in order to elucidate critical points concerning listeria monocytogenes during bovine and porcine slaughter, cutting and processing, 843 samples were obtained from carcasses, primal cuts, products at retail and from environmental surfaces. only 2-7% of the carcasses and 0-10% of the environmental samples in the 'clean' part of the pork slaughterline were found to be positive for l. monocytogenes. the incidence of l. monocytogenes was increased after chilling and cutting. in the cutting room 11-3 ...	1993	8122349
diagnostic ultrastructure of listeria monocytogenes in human central nervous tissue.	the pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes infection of the human central nervous system is poorly understood and ultrastructural aspects are not documented. a case of fatal human l. monocytogenes meningoencephalitis is described, in which diagnosis was confirmed by blood culture and in which special staining (brown's) showed slender gram-positive bacilli in inflamed areas of the brainstem at autopsy. electron microscopy of blocks rescued from formalin revealed rods, up to 2.5 microns long x 0.4 ...	1993	8122324
influence of antiorthostatic suspension on resistance to murine listeria monocytogenes infection.	the present study was designed to evaluate the influence of antiorthostatic suspension, a ground-based modeling system employed to simulate certain aspects of weightlessness that occur during space flight, on the capacity of mice to resist infection with the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. female bdf1 mice were suspended by the tail in the orthostatic or antiorthostatic position and were infected with a sublethal dose of virulent l. monocytogenes at various t ...	1994	8120454
role of nk1.1+ cells in experimental listeriosis. nk1+ cells are early ifn-gamma producers but impair resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection.	an enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used for detection of splenic ifn-gamma and il-4 spot-forming cells from, c57bl/6 and balb/c mice, which differ in resistance to systemic l. monocytogenes infection. numbers of spontaneous and ag (heat-killed listeriae)-induced ifn-gamma sfc were 5- to 10-fold higher in c57bl/6 as compared to balb/c mice at day 1, day 7, and day 14 postinfection. in both strains of mice, ag-induced ifn-gamma production reached maximum levels at day 7 postinfection and il-4 p ...	1994	8120395
administration of anti-granulocyte mab rb6-8c5 impairs the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes infection.	mice injected i.p. with rb6-8c5 mab experienced a profound depletion of neutrophils in the bloodstream and spleen and significant impairment of their resistance to experimental infection with listeria monocytogenes. control mice survived i.v. inoculation with 5 x 10(4) l. monocytogenes; whereas, most rb6-8c5 mab-treated mice inoculated i.v. with as few as 10 l. monocytogenes died within 6 days. rb6-8c5 mab treatment was particularly deleterious when given within the first 24 h after i.v. inocula ...	1994	8120393
arginine analogues suppress antigen-specific and -nonspecific t lymphocyte proliferation.	using analogues of arginine to inhibit nitric oxide (no.) production, investigators have demonstrated the intermediary role of no. in a variety of physiological events including the antimicrobial activity exhibited by macrophages in vitro. in an effort to establish the effector function of no. in the antimicrobial activity expressed by macrophages in vivo, several groups report treating infected animals with relatively high concentrations of these same analogues. in the present study, we found t ...	1994	8118880
foodborne bacterial infections in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus.	the literature contains reports documenting a foodborne etiology for bacterial infections caused by salmonella spp, listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, and vibrio spp in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the incidence of these infections and the life-threatening complications that result are elevated in people with hiv infection. we present practical recommendations to prevent foodborne illnesses and the resulting complications, including gastroenteritis, bactere ...	1994	8115877
the acta protein of listeria monocytogenes acts as a nucleator inducing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.	listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen, employs actin and other microfilament-associated proteins to move through the host cell cytoplasm. isogenic mutants of l. monocytogenes lacking the surface-bound acta polypeptide no longer interact with cytoskeletal elements and are, as a consequence, non-motile (domann et al., 1992, embo j., 11, 1981-1990; kocks et al., 1992, cell, 68, 521-531). to investigate the interaction of acta with the microfilament system in the absence of ot ...	1994	8112291
colonoscopy-associated listeriosis: report of a case.	we report a case of meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes that occurred following colonoscopy. the patient had cirrhosis, a portosystemic shunt, and diarrhea for which she was being evaluated. only one previous report has linked colonoscopy to listeriosis. we review the pathogenesis of listeriosis and, in particular, the evidence that prior fecal colonization is followed by bacteremia in a susceptible host. the findings in this case are consistent with this pathogenetic sequence.	1993	8110932
minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of sodium lactate for pathogens and spoilage organisms occurring in meat products.	pathogens and spoilage organisms occurring in meat products were screened in laboratory media, according to a method of eklund (1983), in order to determine the specific inhibitory effect of lactate on growth of these microorganisms under optimum growth conditions (ph 6.5, 20 degrees c). in general, gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive towards lactate than gram-negative bacteria. it was shown especially, that strains that were able to grow at water activities of 0.95 and below in the prese ...	1993	8110602
antimicrobial activity of ethanol, glycerol monolaurate or lactic acid against listeria monocytogenes.	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and antimicrobial effects of glycerol monolaurate (monolaurin), ethanol and lactic acid, either alone or in combination, against listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth were determined. ethanol at concentrations up to 1.25% did not inhibit growth, but growth was strongly inhibited in the presence of 5% ethanol. mic values of monolaurin and ethanol alone were 10 micrograms/ml (0.001%) and 50,000 micrograms/ml (5%), respectively. however, mic values were ...	1993	8110601
subtyping of a frequent phagovar of listeria monocytogenes in sweden by use of restriction endonuclease analysis.	in sweden, many listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to serovar 4b and isolated during the last five years from different sources share the same phagovar--2389:2425:3274:2671:47:108:340. the object of the present study was to investigate if 31 l. monocytogenes serovar 4b strains belonging to this particular phagovar could be differentiated by use of a simple restriction endonuclease analysis (rea). among the enzymes tested, xho i was found to be the most useful, since this enzyme could divid ...	1993	8110454
in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 138312 and pd 140248, new fluoronaphthyridines with outstanding gram-positive potency.	pd 138312 and pd 140248 are new quinolones with high in vitro activities against a wide spectrum of bacterial species, notably including gram-positive isolates. the respective mics (in micrograms per milliliter) of pd 138312 and pd 140248 capable of inhibiting > or = 90% of the strains were < or = 0.06 and < or = 0.06 for oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci, streptococci (including streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and viridans group streptococci), haemophilus ...	1993	8109918
occurrence and characteristics of listeria in foods produced in northern ireland.	the incidence of l. monocytogenes and other listeria species was determined for 513 food samples produced in northern ireland. selected l. monocytogenes isolates were typed using mee and rflp analysis. the overall incidence of listeria in the foods examined was 35% (listeria monocytogenes 18.3%). the incidence of listeria and l. monocytogenes in four different food categories (graded i-iv according to decreasing extent of processing) being: i, 11.1% listeria and 4.7% l. monocytogenes; ii, 27.1% ...	1993	8105855
increase of thy-1 antigen on the thymocytes accompanied with their augmented adhesion capacity to thymic epithelial cells in the mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.	it becomes increasingly clear that adhesion systems such as cd2/lfa-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3), lfa-1/icam-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and thy-1/putative thy-1 ligand participate in the association between murine thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells. in the present study, thymocytes showed an increase in surface thy-1 levels in mice infected with listeria monocytogenes, but no significant changes in the levels of cd2 or lfa-1. no alteration was found either in the r ...	1993	8102117
an epidemiological study of listeriosis complicating a bone marrow transplant.	following an unrelated-donor bone marrow transplant a six-year-old child with severe aplastic anaemia developed listeria monocytogenes septicaemia and meningitis. cook-chill foods consumed during his stay in hospital were found to contain strains of l. monocytogenes and other listeria species. whole cell protein sds-page was performed on all isolates. no food isolates were found that were identical to the patient's strain by this technique or by serotyping. the usefulness of whole cell protein s ...	1993	8099929
the iap gene of listeria monocytogenes is essential for cell viability, and its gene product, p60, has bacteriolytic activity.	expression of the iap gene of listeria monocytogenes in the l. monocytogenes rough mutant riii and in bacillus subtilis db104 caused the disruption of the cell chains which these two strains normally form under exponential growth conditions. the p60 protein produced by l. monocytogenes and b. subtilis db104 also exhibited bacteriolytic activity detected in denaturing polyacrylamide gels containing heat-killed micrococcus lysodeikticus. purification of the p60 protein led to aggregation of p60 an ...	1993	8099071
leukocyte-mediated lysis of infected hepatocytes during listeriosis occurs in mice depleted of nk cells or cd4+ cd8+ thy1.2+ t cells.	an important early component of defense against listeriosis in mice is the lysis of infected hepatocytes by leukocytes that accumulate at foci of infection in the liver. this serves to release listeria monocytogenes from permissive parenchymal cells for ingestion and inactivation by phagocytic cells. it is shown here that lysis of infected hepatocytes is as extensive in mice depleted of t cells or nk cells as it is in control mice. this supports the original interpretation that hepatocyte lysis ...	1993	8099068
nucleoside analogs in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	the nucleoside analogs fludarabine monophosphate, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, and 2-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) all have activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. the most widely studied drug is fludarabine which is able to obtain complete or partial responses in more than 50% of previously treated patients. the response rate is 44% for 2-cda and approximately 25% for pentostatin. fludarabine has also been used to treat patients as initial therapy, and has resulted in overall response rate of 79% ...	1993	8097653
development of th1 cd4+ t cells through il-12 produced by listeria-induced macrophages.	development of the appropriate cd4+ t helper (th) subset during an immune response is important for disease resolution. with the use of naïve, ovalbumin-specific alpha beta t cell receptor transgenic t cell, it was found that heat-killed listeria monocytogenes induced th1 development in vitro through macrophage production of interleukin-12 (il-12). moreover, inhibition of macrophage production of il-12 may explain the ability of il-10 to suppress th1 development. murine immune responses to l. mo ...	1993	8097338
interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha are costimulators of interferon gamma production by natural killer cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with listeriosis, and interleukin 10 is a physiologic antagonist.	listeriosis in mice with the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation is an established model in vivo and in vitro of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma)-dependent macrophage activation by natural killer (nk) cells during the development of natural immunity. we demonstrate that ifn-gamma production from scid splenocytes is stimulated by interleukin (il) 12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and il-2 but is inhibited by il-10, il-10, il-12, and tnf are induced by heat-killed listeria mono ...	1993	8097322
characterization of t-cell receptor gamma delta t cells appearing at the early phase of murine listeria monocytogenes infection.	it has been shown that t-cell receptor (tcr) gamma delta + cd4- cd8- t cells increase in number and have an important role in early protection in murine listeria monocytogenes infection. in this report, to characterize further the phenotype of the gamma delta t cells in listeriosis, we analysed v region gene usage and in vitro antigen recognition of the tcr gamma delta t cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice at the early phase after i.p. infection with a sublethal dose of l. monocytogenes. the ...	1993	8094708
comparative in vitro activities of new quinolones against coryneform bacteria.	the in vitro activities of eight quinolones against 115 coryneform bacteria (20 corynebacterium jeikeium, 15 corynebacterium minutissimum, 15 corynebacterium striatum, 25 corynebacterium urealyticum, 10 corynebacterium xerosis, 10 corynebacterium group anf-1, 10 corynebacterium group 12, and 10 listeria monocytogenes) were determined. the mics of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin for 90% of c. jeikeium, c. urealyticum, and c. xerosis isolates tested were > 16 micrograms/ml. those of bay ...	1994	8092851
[bacterial meningitis. review of literature and retrospective study of 208 cases observed].	bacterial meningitis is a particularly dangerous infection of the central nervous system involving quite a number of mortal cases and frequent neurological sequelae. etiology varies in relation to the patient's age. in the first 2 months of life streptococcus b, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and other gram negative enteric bacilli are more frequently isolated while in older children haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae are more common. clinical s ...	1994	8090136
immune protection and control of inflammatory tissue necrosis by gamma delta t cells.	host defenses against experimental listeriosis in mice involve neutrophils, macrophages, nk cells, and alpha beta t cells. recently gamma delta t cells have also been implicated in antilisterial resistance. however, their specific role has remained unclear. here we show that efficient resistance to infection by this bacterium depends on the functions of both alpha beta and gamma delta t cells in both primary and secondary responses. we also present evidence that these functions are complementary ...	1994	8089489
the immunodominant peptide from listeriolysin in quil a liposomes vaccinates cd8+ cytolytic t cells and confers protection to infection.	cytolytic t-cell vaccination with immunodominant mhc class i-restricted peptides contained within quil a liposomes has been previously demonstrated. in recent years, quil a has been under consideration for use as an adjuvant in humans. we assessed the possible use of peptide inoculation in the context of quil a liposomes to be protective in a mouse model. listeria monocytogenes was used as the challenge pathogen and the previously identified listeriolysin 91-99 peptide as the immunogen. the list ...	1994	8088867
intact alpha-actinin molecules are needed for both the assembly of actin into the tails and the locomotion of listeria monocytogenes inside infected cells.	after the infectious bacterium, listeria monocytogenes, is phagocytosed by a host cell, it leaves the lysosome and recruits the host cell's cytoskeletal proteins to assemble a stationary tail composed primarily of actin filaments cross-linked with alpha-actinin. the continual recruitment of contractile proteins to the interface between the bacterium and the tail accompanies the propulsion of the bacterium ahead of the elongating tail. when a bacterium contacts the host cell membrane, it pushes o ...	1994	8087876
how does gamma-interferon mediate resistance to listeria monocytogenes?	gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma) seems to be required for resistance to listeria monocytogenes in vivo, but acts early in infection, before apparent t cell involvement. the early role of ifn-gamma is unknown, but might include enhancing antigen presentation, inducing secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and helping early precursor macrophages to express nonspecific listericidal activity.	1994	8087453
detection of multiple virulence-associated genes of listeria monocytogenes by pcr in artificially contaminated milk samples.	the inhibitory effect of milk in the pcr detection of listeria monocytogenes could be overcome by washing the contaminated milk sample with phosphate-buffered saline and concentrating the bacteria to 1/10 of the original volume. in order to avoid a possible failure in the detection of virulent l. monocytogenes, a one-step procedure which enabled demonstration of three virulence-associated genes, prfa, hlya, and plcb, simultaneously in a single pcr mixture was developed.	1994	8085838
effect of polyphosphate and sodium chloride on the growth of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in ultra-high temperature milk.	with uht-sterilized milk as a model system, combinations of polyphosphate (.5 and 1.0%) and nacl (.5 and 4.5%) were studied to determine their effects on the growth kinetics of listeria monocytogenes scott a and staphylococcus aureus 196e. the milk was inoculated with 10(3) to 10(4) cfu/ml of either l. monocytogenes or s. aureus and incubated under aerobic conditions at 12, 19, 28, or 37 degrees c. the addition of polyphosphate did not significantly inhibit the growth of either microbe at the te ...	1994	8083407
binding of mannan-binding protein to various bacterial pathogens of meningitis.	mannan-binding protein (mbp), a calcium-dependent plasma lectin, may play a role in the innate defence against microorganisms. after binding to carbohydrate structures at the bacterial surface, mbp activates the classical pathway of the complement system. to investigate the binding capacity of mbp to various bacteria associated with meningitis, an assay was developed to study the binding of mbp to bacteria grown in a semisynthetic fluid culture medium. salmonella montevideo (containing a mannose ...	1994	8082295
phospholipases c and the pathogenesis of listeria.	listeria monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen which escapes from a host cell vacuole, grows intracytoplasmically, and spreads cell to cell without an extracellular phase. a number of genes necessary for pathogenicity have been discovered, two of which encode phospholipases c, a pi-plc and a broad-range plc. single and double mutants were constructed with in-frame deletions in one or both plcs. characterization of the strains indicated that the two plcs may have overlapping function as ...	1994	8081249
the monocytic cell line u-937, physiologically differentiated by retinoic acid and vitamin d3, is a model for intracellular behavior of brucella spp.		1994	8080185
fluorescent labeling of listeria and salmonella. analysis of bacteria-host cell interactions by flow microfluorimetry.		1994	8080184
the cell biology of listeria monocytogenes infection (escape from a vacuole).		1994	8080169
[the diagnostic efficacy of a listeria erythrocytic antigenic diagnostic agent].		1993	8079595
a 92-kda human immunostimulatory protein.	we purified to apparent homogeneity a human urinary glycoprotein of 92 kda (hgp.92) that, administered intravenously at 250 micrograms/kg, fully protected mice against a lethal inoculum of listeria monocytogenes. since hgp.92 protected scid mice, which lack b and t lymphocytes, this increased resistance to listeria did not appear to be lymphocyte mediated. furthermore, inflammatory macrophages incubated with 6 nm hgp.92 inhibited the growth of lewis carcinoma cells in vitro. these two activities ...	1994	8078887