Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| first report of seroprevalence of swine influenza a virus in tibetan pigs in tibet, china. | swine influenza a virus (siv) is zoonotic pathogen that can be acquired by food-borne transmission because food animals, for example pigs, are recognized as a reservoir. the objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-siv (h1n1 and h3n2) in tibetan pigs in tibet nationality autonomous region, china, a region with cold weather and high altitude. a total of 421 serum samples were randomly collected from tibetan pigs in tibet and were evaluated for antibodies against siv u ... | 2014 | 23955014 |
| comparison of the clinical effectiveness of zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate for children with influenza a(h3n2) and b in the 2011-2012 season. | to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the two inhaled neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), zanamivir (zn) and laninamivir octate (lo), for influenza a(h3n2) and b virus infections. | 2014 | 23953886 |
| airborne detection and quantification of swine influenza a virus in air samples collected inside, outside and downwind from swine barns. | airborne transmission of influenza a virus (iav) in swine is speculated to be an important route of virus dissemination, but data are scarce. this study attempted to detect and quantify airborne iav by virus isolation and rrt-pcr in air samples collected under field conditions. this was accomplished by collecting air samples from four acutely infected pig farms and locating air samplers inside the barns, at the external exhaust fans and downwind from the farms at distances up to 2.1 km. iav was ... | 2013 | 23951164 |
| no serological evidence of influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus infection as a contributing factor in childhood narcolepsy after pandemrix vaccination campaign in finland. | narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome, characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is strongly associated with a genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (hla) dqb1*06:02. a sudden increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy was observed after vaccination with as03-adjuvanted pandemrix influenza vaccine in finland at the beginning of 2010. here, we analysed whether the coinciding influenza a h1n1pdm pandemic contributed, together with the pandemrix vaccination, to the increased inc ... | 2013 | 23950869 |
| neutralizing antibodies against previously encountered influenza virus strains increase over time: a longitudinal analysis. | antigenic diversity shapes immunity in distinct and unexpected ways. this is particularly true of the humoral response generated against influenza a viruses. although it is known that immunological memory developed against previously encountered influenza a virus strains affects the outcome of subsequent infections, exactly how sequential exposures to antigenically variant viruses shape the humoral immune response in humans remains poorly understood. to address this important question, we perfor ... | 2013 | 23946196 |
| [chemical consitituents from root of isatis indigotica]. | thirty-three compounds were isolated from the root decoction of isatis indigotica by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, sephadex lh-20, and reversed-phase hplc. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (1), (s)-(+)-abscisic acid (2), vomifoliol (3), cyclo (l-phe-l-leu) (4), cyclo(l-phe-l-tyr) (5), cyclo(l-tyr-l-leu) (6), cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) (7), evofolin b (8), (+)-syringaresinol (9), ... | 2013 | 23944031 |
| co-incorporation of the pb2 and pa polymerase subunits from human h3n2 influenza virus is a critical determinant of the replication of reassortant ribonucleoprotein complexes. | the influenza virus rna polymerase, composed of the pb1, pb2 and pa subunits, has a potential role in influencing genetic reassortment. recent studies on the reassortment of human h3n2 strains suggest that the co-incorporation of pb2 and pa from the same h3n2 strain appears to be important for efficient virus replication; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. here, we reconstituted reassortant ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes and demonstrated that the rnp activity was severely impa ... | 2013 | 23939981 |
| antiviral spirooliganones a and b with unprecedented skeletons from the roots of illicium oligandrum. | two novel spirooliganones a (1) and (2), a pair of spiro carbon epimers, with a rare dioxaspiro skeleton were isolated from the roots of illicium oligandrum. the structures were fully determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods, especially modified mosher's method, and x-ray diffraction analysis. spirooliganone b was found to exhibit more potent activities against coxsackie virus b3 and influenza virus a (h3n2) (ic50 3.70-5.05 μm) than spirooliganone a. the biosynthetic pathway inv ... | 2013 | 23937631 |
| antiviral protein of momordica charantia l. inhibits different subtypes of influenza a. | the new antiviral activity of the protein extracted from momordica charantia was determined with different subtypes of influenza a. the protein was purified from the seed of m. charantia using an anion exchanger and a fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) system. at the concentration of 1.401 mg/ml, the protein did not exhibit cytotoxicity in madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck) but inhibited 1 × 10(5) ffu influenza a/pr/8/34 h1n1 virus at 56.50%, 65.72%, and 100% inhibition by the protein ... | 2013 | 23935676 |
| survival of influenza virus on human fingers. | indirect transmission of the influenza virus via finger contamination with respiratory mucus droplets has been hypothesized to contribute to transmission in the community. under laboratory conditions, influenza-infected respiratory droplets were reconstituted as close as possible to natural conditions. we investigated experimentally the survival of influenza a (h3n2) and a (h1n1)pdm09 viruses on human fingers. infectious virus was easily recoverable on all fingers 1 min after fingertip contamina ... | 2014 | 23927722 |
| emergence of a c-terminal seven-amino-acid elongation of ns1 in around 1950 conferred a minor growth advantage to former seasonal influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses circulating in humans from ∼1950 to ∼1987 featured a nonstructural (ns1) protein with a c-terminal extension of seven amino acids. the biological significance of this ns1 elongation remained elusive. we observed that replication kinetics of the wild-type virus a/hong kong/01/68 (h3n2) and a mutant encoding a truncated ns1 were indistinguishable in most experimental systems. however, wild-type virus outcompeted the mutant during mixed infections, suggesting that the ns1 extens ... | 2013 | 23926347 |
| bioluminescence-based neuraminidase inhibition assay for monitoring influenza virus drug susceptibility in clinical specimens. | the qflu prototype bioluminescence-based neuraminidase (na) inhibition (ni) assay kit was designed to detect na inhibitor (nai)-resistant influenza viruses at point of care. here, we evaluated its suitability for drug susceptibility assessment at a surveillance laboratory. a comprehensive panel of reference viruses (n = 14) and a set of 90 seasonal influenza virus a and b isolates were included for testing with oseltamivir and/or zanamivir in the qflu assay using the manufacturer-recommended pro ... | 2013 | 23917311 |
| national surveillance for influenza and influenza-like illness in vietnam, 2006-2010. | influenza virus infections result in considerable morbidity and mortality both in the temperate and tropical world. influenza surveillance over multiple years is important to determine the impact and epidemiology of influenza and to develop a national vaccine policy, especially in countries developing influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity, such as vietnam. we conducted surveillance of influenza and influenza-like illness in vietnam through the national influenza surveillance system during 200 ... | 2013 | 23911781 |
| probability of detecting influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 in individual pig nasal swabs and pen-based oral fluid specimens over time. | the probability of detecting influenza a virus (iav) by virus isolation (vi), point-of-care (poc) antigen detection, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) was estimated for pen-based oral fluid (of) and individual pig nasal swab (ns) specimens. piglets (n=82) were isolated for 30 days and confirmed negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and iav infections. a subset (n=28) was vaccinated on day post inoculation ... | 2013 | 23910522 |
| tracking oseltamivir-resistance in new zealand influenza viruses during a medicine reclassification in 2007, a resistant-virus importation in 2008 and the 2009 pandemic. | oseltamivir (tamiflu®) is an important pharmaceutical intervention against the influenza virus. the importance of surveillance for resistance to oseltamivir has been highlighted by two global events: the emergence of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza a(h1n1) virus in 2008, and emergence of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus in 2009. oseltamivir is a prescription medicine in new zealand, but more timely access has been provided since 2007 by allowing pharmacies to directly dispense oselta ... | 2012 | 23908945 |
| respiratory virus laboratory pandemic planning and surveillance in central viet nam, 2008-2010. | laboratory capacity is needed in central viet nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in 2009. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures established as part of a capacity-building process were used to conduct prospective respiratory surveillance in a region where few previous studies have been undertaken. | 2012 | 23908924 |
| preliminary crystallographic analysis of neuraminidase n2 from a new influenza a virus. | influenza virus is a major viral respiratory pathogen that causes yearly epidemics in temperate climates. the h3n2 subtype is one of the major causative agents of severe epidemics and plays a critical role in vaccine development. the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir are two commercially available na-targeted competitive antiviral drugs. however, their effectiveness has been compromised by the rapid emergence of resistance. q136k is a novel mutation in na which confers resi ... | 2013 | 23908028 |
| [virological characterization of influenza a(h3n2) virus in mainland china during 2011-2012]. | to study the prevalence and variation of influenza a(h3n2) viruses, the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza a(h3n2) viruses circulating in mainland china during april 2011 to march 2012 were analyzed. the results showed that influenza a(h3n2) viruses increased gradually since 2012 and became the dominant strain since march. the viruses were antigenically closely related to the vaccine strain a/per/16/09 (87.2%) and the representative virus a/fj/196/09 (76.0%) in mainland china. th ... | 2013 | 23905468 |
| hemagglutinin stalk-based universal vaccine constructs protect against group 2 influenza a viruses. | current influenza virus vaccines contain h1n1 (phylogenetic group 1 hemagglutinin), h3n2 (phylogenetic group 2 hemagglutinin), and influenza b virus components. these vaccines induce good protection against closely matched strains by predominantly eliciting antibodies against the membrane distal globular head domain of their respective viral hemagglutinins. this domain, however, undergoes rapid antigenic drift, allowing the virus to escape neutralizing antibody responses. the membrane proximal s ... | 2013 | 23903831 |
| subtyping clinical specimens of influenza a virus by use of a simple method to amplify rna targets. | this work presents the clinical application of a robust and unique approach for rna amplification, called a simple method for amplifying rna targets (smart), for the detection and identification of subtypes of h1n1 pandemic, h1n1 seasonal, and h3n2 seasonal influenza virus. while all the existing amplification techniques rely on the diffusion of two molecules to complex rna structures, the smart achieves fast and efficient amplification via single-molecule diffusion. the smart utilizes amplifiab ... | 2013 | 23903546 |
| caspase-1 deficient mice are more susceptible to influenza a virus infection with pa variation. | reassortment within polymerase genes causes changes in the pathogenicity of influenza a viruses. we previously reported that the 2009 ph1n1 pa enhanced the pathogenicity of seasonal h1n1. we examined the effects of the pa gene from the hpai h5n1 following its introduction into currently circulating seasonal influenza viruses. | 2013 | 23901080 |
| distinction of subtype-specific antibodies against european porcine influenza viruses by indirect elisa based on recombinant hemagglutinin protein fragment-1. | serological investigations of swine influenza virus infections and epidemiological conclusions thereof are challenging due to the complex and regionally variable pattern of co-circulating viral subtypes and lineages and varying vaccination regimes. detection of subtype-specific antibodies currently depends on hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays which are difficult to standardize and unsuitable for large scale investigations. | 2013 | 23898799 |
| selection of h3 avian influenza viruses with saα2,6gal receptor specificity in pigs. | avian influenza viruses possess hemagglutinin (ha) which preferentially bind to the sialic acid α2,3-galactose sialyloligosaccharides (saα2,3gal) receptor. in contrast, human influenza viruses bind to sialic acid α2,6-galactose sialyloligosaccharides (saα2,6gal). the a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus preferentially binds to saα2,6gal, although its ha gene was derived from an avian influenza virus strain. to elucidate the mechanisms behind acquisition of binding specificity for the human-type receptor, ... | 2013 | 23891155 |
| epidemiology of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 virus during 2009-2010 in taiwan. | outbreak of swine-origin influenza a/h1n1 virus (pdmh1n1) occurred in 2009. taiwanese authorities implemented nationwide vaccinations with pdmh1n1-specific inactivated vaccine as of november 2009. this study evaluates prevalence, ha phylogenetic relationship, and transmission dynamic of influenza a and b viruses in taiwan in 2009-2010. respiratory tract specimens were analyzed for influenza a and b viruses. the pdmh1n1 peaked in november 2009, was predominant from august 2009 to january 2010, th ... | 2013 | 23886669 |
| influenza a/hong kong/156/1997(h5n1) virus ns1 gene mutations f103l and m106i both increase ifn antagonism, virulence and cytoplasmic localization but differ in binding to rig-i and cpsf30. | the genetic basis for avian to mammalian host switching in influenza a virus is largely unknown. the human a/hk/156/1997 (h5n1) virus that transmitted from poultry possesses ns1 gene mutations f103l + m106i that are virulence determinants in the mouse model of pneumonia; however their individual roles have not been determined. the emergent a/shanghai/patient1/2013(h7n9)-like viruses also possess these mutations which may contribute to their virulence and ability to switch species. | 2013 | 23886034 |
| influenza virus resistance to antiviral therapy. | antiviral drugs for influenza therapy and prophylaxis are either of the adamantane or neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) class. however, the nais are mainly prescribed nowadays, because of widespread adamantane resistance among influenza a viruses and ineffectiveness of adamantanes against influenza b. emergence and spread of nai resistance would further limit our therapeutic options. taking into account the previous spread of oseltamivir-resistant viruses during the 2007/2008 season preceding the la ... | 2013 | 23886002 |
| gestational flu exposure induces changes in neurochemicals, affiliative hormones and brainstem inflammation, in addition to autism-like behaviors in mice. | the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism is increasing, however the etiology of these disorders is unclear and thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental and immune factors. a recent epidemiological study found that gestational viral exposure during the first trimester increases risk of autism in offspring by twofold. in mice gestational viral exposures alter behavior of offspring, but the biological mechanisms which underpin these behavioral changes are uncl ... | 2013 | 23880236 |
| antiviral responses by swine primary bronchoepithelial cells are limited compared to human bronchoepithelial cells following influenza virus infection. | swine generate reassortant influenza viruses because they can be simultaneously infected with avian and human influenza; however, the features that restrict influenza reassortment in swine and human hosts are not fully understood. type i and iii interferons (ifns) act as the first line of defense against influenza virus infection of respiratory epithelium. to determine if human and swine have different capacities to mount an antiviral response the expression of ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isg) ... | 2013 | 23875024 |
| observations of immuno-gold conjugates on influenza viruses using waveguide-mode sensors. | gold nanoparticles were conjugated to an antibody (immuno-aunp) against a/udorn/307/1972 (h3n2) influenza virus to detect viruses on a sensing plate designed for an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode sensor. experiments were conducted using human influenza a/h3n2 strains, and immuno-aunp could detect 8×10(5) pfu/ml (40 pg/µl) intact a/udorn/307/1972 and 120 pg/µl a/brisbane/10/2007. furthermore, increased signal magnitude was achieved in the presence of non-ionic detergent, as the virtual d ... | 2013 | 23874887 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant avian influenza h1n2 virus isolated from a domestic sparrow in 2012. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a novel h1n2 avian influenza virus strain, a/sparrow /guangxi/gxs-1/2012 (h1n2), isolated from a sparrow in the guangxi province of southern china in 2012. all of the 8 gene segments (hemagglutinin [ha], nucleoprotein [np], matrix [m], polymerase basic 2 [pb2], neuraminidase [na], polymerase acidic [pa], polymerase basic 1 [pb1], and nonstructural [ns] genes) of this natural recombinant virus are attributed to the eurasian lineage, and phylogenetic ... | 2013 | 23868121 |
| baicalein, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of scutellaria baicalensis inhibit the neuraminidase activity of pandemic 2009 h1n1 and seasonal influenza a viruses. | this study rated antiviral activity of scutellaria baicalensis georgi (s. baicalensis) extracts against influenza a virus subtypes, for example, pandemic 2009 h1n1, seasonal h1n1 and h3n2. ethyl acetate (etoac) and chloroform extracts inhibited in vitro neuraminidase (na) enzymatic activity and viral replication more than methanol (meoh) extract. etoac extract demonstrated na inhibition ic50 values ranging from 73.16 to 487.40 μg/ml and plaque reduction ic50 values ranging from 23.7 to 27.4 μg/m ... | 2013 | 23864896 |
| patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2010-2011 influenza season: exploring disease severity by virus type and subtype. | the 2010-2011 influenza season was dominated by influenza a(h3n2) virus, but influenza a(h1n1) pdm09 (ph1n1) and b viruses cocirculated. this provided an opportunity to explore within-season predictors of severity among hospitalized patients, avoiding biases associated with season-to-season differences in strain virulence, population immunity, and healthcare seeking. | 2013 | 23863950 |
| mitochondrial proteomic analysis of human host cells infected with h3n2 swine influenza virus. | swine influenza viruses (siv) are zoonotic pathogens that pose a potential threat to human health. in this study, we analyzed the differential mitochondrial proteomes of h3n2 siv-infected human lung a549 cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (maldi-tof/tof) analysis. in the comparative analysis, 24 altered proteins (13 upregulated and 11 downregulated) were identified in the mitochondria of h3n ... | 2013 | 23856606 |
| simultaneous and complete genome sequencing of influenza a and b with high coverage by illumina miseq platform. | active global surveillance and characterization of influenza viruses are essential for better preparation against possible pandemic events. obtaining comprehensive information about the influenza genome can improve our understanding of the evolution of influenza viruses and emergence of new strains, and improve the accuracy when designing preventive vaccines. this study investigated the use of deep sequencing by the next-generation sequencing (ngs) illumina miseq platform to obtain complete geno ... | 2013 | 23856301 |
| triplet entropy analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences measures influenza virus phylodynamics. | the influenza virus has been a challenge to science due to its ability to withstand new environmental conditions. taking into account the development of virus sequence databases, computational approaches can be helpful to understand virus behavior over time. furthermore, they can suggest new directions to deal with influenza. this work presents triplet entropy analysis as a potential phylodynamic tool to quantify nucleotide organization of viral sequences. the application of this measure to segm ... | 2013 | 23850726 |
| an eight-segment swine influenza virus harboring h1 and h3 hemagglutinins is attenuated and protective against h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes in pigs. | swine influenza virus (siv) infections continue to cause production losses in the agricultural industry in addition to being a human public health concern. the primary method of controlling siv is through vaccination. the killed siv vaccines currently in use must be closely matched to the challenge virus, and their protective efficacy is limited. live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) provide strong, long-lived cell-mediated and humoral immunity against different influenza virus subtypes with ... | 2013 | 23843633 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in ferrets and mice. | on 29 march 2013, the chinese center for disease control and prevention confirmed the first reported case of human infection with an avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. the recent human infections with h7n9 virus, totalling over 130 cases with 39 fatalities to date, have been characterized by severe pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). this is concerning because h7 viruses have typically been associated with ocular disease in humans, rather than severe respiratory disease ... | 2013 | 23842497 |
| characterization of porcine p58ipk gene and its up-regulation after h1n1 or h3n2 influenza virus infection. | the 58-kda inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase (p58ipk) is a cellular protein that is activated during influenza virus infection. although the function of human p58ipk has been studied for a long time, porcine p58ipk (pp58ipk) has little been studied except for its cloning. | 2013 | 23827789 |
| reconstruction of h3n2 influenza virus based virosome in-vitro. | virosomes are virus like particles (vlp) assembled in-vitro. influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus. | 0 | 23825736 |
| expanded cocirculation of stable subtypes, emerging lineages, and new sporadic reassortants of porcine influenza viruses in swine populations in northwest germany. | the emergence of the human 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus from swine populations refocused public and scientific attention on swine as an important source of influenza a viruses bearing zoonotic potential. widespread and year-round circulation of at least four stable lineages of porcine influenza viruses between 2009 and 2012 in a region of germany with a high-density swine population is documented here. european avian influenza virus-derived h1n1 (h1n1av) viruses dominated the epidemiology, ... | 2013 | 23824819 |
| single hemagglutinin mutations that alter both antigenicity and receptor binding avidity influence influenza virus antigenic clustering. | the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) assay is the primary measurement used for identifying antigenically novel influenza virus strains. hai assays measure the amount of reference sera required to prevent virus binding to red blood cells. receptor binding avidities of viral strains are not usually taken into account when interpreting these assays. here, we created antigenic maps of human h3n2 viruses that computationally account for variation in viral receptor binding avidities. these new antige ... | 2013 | 23824816 |
| efficacy in pigs of inactivated and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines against infection and transmission of an emerging h3n2 similar to the 2011-2012 h3n2v. | vaccines provide a primary means to limit disease but may not be effective at blocking infection and pathogen transmission. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercial inactivated swine influenza a virus (iav) vaccines and experimental live attenuated influenza virus (laiv) vaccines against infection with h3n2 virus and subsequent indirect transmission to naive pigs. the h3n2 virus evaluated was similar to the h3n2v detected in humans during 2011-2012, which was ... | 2013 | 23824815 |
| a microbead-incorporated centrifugal sample pretreatment microdevice. | in this study, we present a novel bead-incorporated centrifugal sample pretreatment microdevice to purify influenza a h3n2 viral rna. simple revolution per minute (rpm) control can lead to rna capture on a bead-bed, and the sequential loading of a washing solution and an elution solution. tetraethoxy orthosilicate (teos)-treated glass microbeads were utilized as a capture matrix. the sample pretreatment microdevice consists of four reservoirs for storing an rna sample, a washing solution, an elu ... | 2013 | 23824467 |
| using sequence data to infer the antigenicity of influenza virus. | the efficacy of current influenza vaccines requires a close antigenic match between circulating and vaccine strains. as such, timely identification of emerging influenza virus antigenic variants is central to the success of influenza vaccination programs. empirical methods to determine influenza virus antigenic properties are time-consuming and mid-throughput and require live viruses. here, we present a novel, experimentally validated, computational method for determining influenza virus antigen ... | 2013 | 23820391 |
| different drug-resistant influenza a(h3n2) variants in two immunocompromised patients treated with oseltamivir during the 2011-2012 influenza season in italy. | monitoring the emergence of drug-resistant influenza variants is crucial in influenza surveillance programs. | 2013 | 23810646 |
| influenza virus a(h3n2) strain isolated from cerebrospinal fluid from a patient presenting myelopathy post infectious. | neurological involvement during influenza infection has been described during epidemics and is often consistent with serious sequelae or death. | 2013 | 23809474 |
| asperterrestide a, a cytotoxic cyclic tetrapeptide from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162. | a new cytotoxic and antiviral cyclic tetrapeptide, asperterrestide a (1), a new alkaloid, terremide c (2), and a new aromatic butenolide, aspernolide e (3), together with 10 known compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the mosher ester technique and analysis of the acid hydrolysates using a chiral-phase hplc co ... | 2013 | 23806112 |
| [laboratory diagnostics in evaluation of acute respiratory viral infection morbidity in 2010 - 2011 epidemic season]. | study of etiological structure of arvi and evaluation of acute respiratory virus infection morbidity in 2010 - 2011 epidemic season taking into account the data of laboratory diagnostics by method of polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescent detection. | 2013 | 23805649 |
| human h3n2 influenza viruses isolated from 1968 to 2012 show varying preference for receptor substructures with no apparent consequences for disease or spread. | it is generally accepted that human influenza viruses bind glycans containing sialic acid linked α2-6 to the next sugar, that avian influenza viruses bind glycans containing the α2-3 linkage, and that mutations that change the binding specificity might change the host tropism. we noted that human h3n2 viruses showed dramatic differences in their binding specificity, and so we embarked on a study of representative human h3n2 influenza viruses, isolated from 1968 to 2012, that had been isolated an ... | 2013 | 23805213 |
| role of the viral hemagglutinin in the anti-influenza virus activity of newly synthesized polycyclic amine compounds. | we here report on the synthesis of new series of polycyclic amines initially designed as ring-rearranged analogs of amantadine and featuring pentacyclo, hexacyclo, and octacyclo rings. a secondary amine, 3-azahexacyclo[7.6.0.0¹,⁵.0⁵,¹².0⁶,¹⁰.0¹¹,¹⁵]pentadeca-7,13-diene, 3, effectively inhibited a/m2 proton channel function, and, moreover, possessed dual activity against an a/h3n2 virus carrying a wild-type a/m2 proton channel, as well as an amantadine-resistant a/h1n1 virus. among the polycyclic ... | 2013 | 23800838 |
| human infections with influenza a(h3n2) variant virus in the united states, 2011-2012. | background. during august 2011-april 2012, 13 human infections with influenza a(h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus were identified in the united states; 8 occurred in the prior 2 years. this virus differs from previous variant influenza viruses in that it contains the matrix (m) gene from the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic influenza virus. methods. a case was defined as a person with laboratory-confirmed h3n2v virus infection. cases and contacts were interviewed to determine exposure to swine and othe ... | 2013 | 23794729 |
| multiple contributory factors to the age distribution of disease cases: a modeling study in the context of influenza a(h3n2v). | in late 2011 and early 2012, 13 cases of human influenza resulted from infection with a novel triple reassortant swine-origin influenza virus, influenza a (h3n2) variant. this variant was notable for its inclusion of the matrix gene from the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic virus. while most of these confirmed cases were among children, the transmission potential and likely age-dependent susceptibility to the virus was unknown. preliminary serologic studies indicated that very young children have ... | 2013 | 23794728 |
| transmissibility of variant influenza from swine to humans: a modeling approach. | respiratory illness was reported among humans and swine at an agricultural fair in 2011; 3 human infections with an influenza a(h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus were confirmed. using epidemiologic investigation data, we sought to estimate h3n2v transmissibility from swine to humans. | 2013 | 23794727 |
| estimates of the number of human infections with influenza a(h3n2) variant virus, united states, august 2011-april 2012. | thirteen human infections with an influenza a(h3n2) variant (h3n2v) virus containing a combination of gene segments not previously associated with human illness were identified in the united states from august 2011 to april 2012. because laboratory confirmation of influenza virus infection is only performed for a minority of ill persons and routine clinical tests may not identify h3n2v virus, the count of laboratory-confirmed h3n2v virus infections underestimates the true burden of illness. | 2013 | 23794726 |
| the emergence of influenza a (h3n2)v virus: what we learned from the first wave. | 2013 | 23794725 | |
| the use of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and viral findings in the nasopharynx of children attending day care. | limited data are available on the effects of probiotics on the nasopharyngeal presence of respiratory viruses in children attending day care. in this substudy of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 28-week intervention study, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected, on visits to a physician due to symptoms of infection, from children receiving control milk (n = 97) and children receiving the same milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (n = 97). the presence o ... | 2013 | 23794458 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility profile of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza seasons in japan. | two new influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), peramivir and laninamivir, were approved in 2010 which resulted to four nais that were used during the 2010-2011 influenza season in japan. this study aims to monitor the susceptibility of influenza virus isolates in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza seasons in japan to the four nais using the fluorescence-based 50% inhibitory concentration (ic₅₀) method. outliers were identified using box-and-whisker plot analysis and full na gene sequenc ... | 2013 | 23791870 |
| myopericarditis and exertional rhabdomyolysis following an influenza a (h3n2) infection. | acute myopericarditis and exertional rhabdomyolysis, two uncommon but well-described diseases with potentially life-threatening effects, are generally considered as independent clinical entities. however, they may in fact be pathophysiologically related under certain circumstances. this is the first ever report of influenza myopericarditis provoked by exertional rhabdomyolysis to the best of our knowledge. | 2013 | 23786640 |
| [humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans to the a/california/07/ 2009 (h1n1) virus, a(h1n1)pdm2009]. | during the twentieth century the world faced four influenza a pandemics: a (h1n1) in 1918, a (h2n2) in 1957, a (h3n2) in 1957 and a (h1n1) recirculation in 1977. in the beginning of 2009 the global spread of a(h1n1)pdm2009 virus was detected. in consideration of clinical evidences and genetic data analysis who declared as the novel pandemic of 21th century. however, the fact of exceedingly prolonged previous worldwide circulation of a (h1n1) influenza viruses was not taken into account. further ... | 2016 | 23785769 |
| analytical sensitivity of seven point-of-care influenza virus detection tests and two molecular tests for detection of avian origin h7n9 and swine origin h3n2 variant influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 23784125 | |
| molecular signature of high yield (growth) influenza a virus reassortants prepared as candidate vaccine seeds. | human influenza virus isolates generally grow poorly in embryonated chicken eggs. hence, gene reassortment of influenza a wild type (wt) viruses is performed with a highly egg adapted donor virus, a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8), to provide the high yield reassortant (hyr) viral 'seeds' for vaccine production. hyr must contain the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of wt virus and one to six 'internal' genes from pr8. most studies of influenza wt and hyrs have focused on the ha gene. the ... | 2013 | 23776579 |
| [phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of a/h3n2 influenza viruses isolated from patients hospitalised with influenza-like illness symptoms in the na bulovce hospital in the season 2011/2012]. | influenza a virus is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ari). clinical manifestations of ari vary from mild or moderate to life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care. given the segmented genome, a large natural reservoir of other influenza virus subtypes, and antibody selection pressure in the population, the virus is variable and genetically unstable. the phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of a/h3n2 influenza viruses isolated from patients hospitalised with influenz ... | 2013 | 23768089 |
| evaluation of the pan influenza detection kit utilizing the plex-id and influenza samples from the 2011 respiratory season. | a comparison study was performed between the plex-id and the cdc rt-pcr method for the detection and identification of influenza a viruses using nasopharyngeal samples (n=75) collected between january and may 2011. overall agreement was 89.3% (67/75 kappa=0.57 95% ci 0.3-0.89). positive percent agreement was 92.3% (60/65); negative percent agreement was 70% (7/10). h1n1 pdm09 identified: 42.6% (32/75) and 54.7% (41/75) by plex-id and cdc rt-pcr, respectively. h3n2 identified: 29.3% (22/75) and 3 ... | 2013 | 23764420 |
| virological self-sampling to monitor influenza antiviral susceptibility in a community cohort. | to perform antiviral susceptibility monitoring of treated individuals in the community during the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in england. | 2013 | 23759670 |
| [avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 replicates in human lung tissues]. | avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 has been circulating in multiple terrestrial birds and repeatedly infecting mammals, including swines and humans to pose a significant threat to public health. the cross-species infection of human, replication activity and tissue tropism of avian influenza virus h9n2 was evaluated in this study. the results showed that surgically removed human lung tissue samples were infected ex vivo by avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 (ck/gx/1875/04, ck/gx/187/05) and seaso ... | 2013 | 23757854 |
| development and evaluation of a paramagnetic nanoparticle based immunochromatographic strip for specific detection of 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. | influenza a/h1n1 virus spreads worldwide and has been a threat to human health and the poultry industry. although h1n1 lateral-flow immunoassay strips are available for the detection of 2009/a/h1n1 antigens, the specificity and sensitivity of these strips are limited. because of the monodispersity, the strong magnetic signal and the stable brown color of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which were employed in this study as label instead of commonly used colloidal gold particles. two different mo ... | 2013 | 23755574 |
| mortality attributable to seasonal and pandemic influenza, australia, 2003 to 2009, using a novel time series smoothing approach. | official statistics under-estimate influenza deaths. time series methods allow the estimation of influenza-attributable mortality. the methods often model background, non-influenza mortality using a cyclic, harmonic regression model based on the serfling approach. this approach assumes that the seasonal pattern of non-influenza mortality is the same each year, which may not always be accurate. | 2014 | 23755139 |
| mutations of two transmembrane cysteines of hemagglutinin (ha) from influenza a h3n2 virus affect ha thermal stability and fusion activity. | influenza a h3n2 virus caused 1968 hong kong influenza pandemic, and has since been one of the most prevalent seasonal influenza viruses in global populations, representing a credible pandemic candidate in future. previous studies have established that the hemagglutinin (ha) protein is the predominant antigen and executes receptor binding and membrane fusion. homologous sequence analysis of all ha subtypes of influenza viruses revealed that two cysteine residues (540 and 544) are uniquely presen ... | 2013 | 23749101 |
| influenza virus utilizes n-linked sialoglycans as receptors in a549 cells. | influenza viruses (ifvs) recognize sialoglycans expressed on the host cell surface. to understand the mechanisms underlying tissue and host tropisms of ifv, it is essential to elucidate the molecular interaction of the virus with the host sialoglycan receptor. we established and applied a new monoclonal antibody, clone hyb4, which specifically recognizes the neu5acα2-3 determinant at the non-reducing terminal gal residue of both glycoproteins and gangliosides to investigate the biochemical prope ... | 2013 | 23747419 |
| distribution of influenza and other acute respiratory viruses during the first year after the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic in the english- and dutch-speaking caribbean countries. | limited specimen collection and testing for influenza occurred in the english and dutch-speaking caribbean countries prior to the 2009/2010 influenza pandemic. caribbean epidemiology centre (carec) member countries rapidly mobilized to collect specimens during the pandemic and a vast majority of confirmed cases during the pandemic period were influenza a(h1n1)pdm09. | 2013 | 23745666 |
| simplified large-scale sanger genome sequencing for influenza a/h3n2 virus. | the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies and the resultant lower costs of sequencing have enabled production of massive amounts of data, including the generation of full genome sequences of pathogens. however, the small genome size of the influenza virus arguably justifies the use of the more conventional sanger sequencing technology which is still currently more readily available in most diagnostic laboratories. | 2013 | 23741393 |
| genetic characterization of thai swine influenza viruses after the introduction of pandemic h1n1 2009. | pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1), influenza virus containing triple reassortant internal genes (trig) from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses emerged in 2009 as a highly infectious virus that was able to be transmitted from humans to pigs. during june 2010-may 2012, influenza virus surveillance was conducted in thai pig population. twenty-three samples (1.75%) were successfully isolated from total of 1,335 samples. interestingly, ph1n1 (7 isolates, 30.34%), reassortant ph1n1 (rh1n1) (1 isolate, ... | 2013 | 23740270 |
| active surveillance for influenza a virus among swine, midwestern united states, 2009-2011. | veterinary diagnostic laboratories identify and characterize influenza a viruses primarily through passive surveillance. however, additional surveillance programs are needed. to meet this need, an active surveillance program was conducted at pig farms throughout the midwestern united states. from june 2009 through december 2011, nasal swab samples were collected monthly from among 540 groups of growing pigs and tested for influenza a virus by real-time reverse transcription pcr. of 16,170 sample ... | 2013 | 23735740 |
| cross-protective effect of antisense oligonucleotide developed against the common 3' ncr of influenza a virus genome. | the influenza a virus (iav) has eight segmented single-stranded rna genome containing a common and evolutionarily conserved non-coding region (ncrs) at 5' and 3' ends that are important for the virus replication. in this study, we designed an antisense oligonucleotide against the 3' ncr of vital segments of the iav genome to inhibit its replication. the results demonstrated that the co-transfection of madine darby canine kidney (mdck) cells with the antisense oligonucleotide and the plasmids enc ... | 2013 | 23729285 |
| effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial. | to investigate the validity of recommendations in treatment guidelines to use higher than approved doses of oseltamivir in patients with severe influenza. | 2013 | 23723457 |
| glycosylations in the globular head of the hemagglutinin protein modulate the virulence and antigenic properties of the h1n1 influenza viruses. | with the global spread of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) influenza virus, there are increasing worries about evolution through antigenic drift. one way previous seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza strains have evolved over time is by acquiring additional glycosylations in the globular head of their hemagglutinin (ha) proteins; these glycosylations have been believed to shield antigenically relevant regions from antibody immune responses. we added additional ha glycosylation sites to influenza a/net ... | 2013 | 23720581 |
| visual detection of human infection with influenza a (h7n9) virus by subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. | a rapid and sensitive h7 and n9 subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed respectively for visual detection of human-infected influenza a (h7n9) virus. the reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63°c for 60 min with the addition of hydroxynaphthol blue dye before amplification. the detection limits of both subtype-specific assays were comparable to those of validated h7 and n9 real-time pcr assays respectively and no cross-d ... | 2013 | 23718218 |
| [a study on the ha amount of ha influenza vaccination on efficacy and safety in infants]. | we examined the efficacy and safety of inactivated influenza vaccine when the amount of ha influenza vaccination in children was increased to the dose recommended by the who. the purpose of this study was to obtain basic evidence to review the vaccination dose in japanese children. ha influenza vaccine produced by the research foundation for microbial diseases of osaka university (biken) licenced in japan was administered through vaccination at the international dose, and split ha influenza vacc ... | 2013 | 23713330 |
| virus-like particle vaccine protects against h3n2 canine influenza virus in dog. | in the present study, virus-like particles (vlps) were evaluated as a candidate veterinary vaccine against canine influenza virus (civ) subtype h3n2. specific pathogen-free (spf) beagle dogs received a single injection of a vlp vaccine containing hemagglutinin (ha) and m1 protein of civ h3n2 (h3 ha vlp). the vaccine was tested at 3 different doses with an adjuvant and 1 dose without an adjuvant. to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the h3 ha vlp vaccine, we performed hemaggl ... | 2013 | 23707159 |
| [design of deoxyribozymes for inhibition of influenza a virus]. | influenza a viruses take a significant place in human and animal pathology causing epidemics and epizootics. therefore, the development of new antiflu drugs has become more and more urgent. deoxyribozymes can be considered as promising antiviral agents due to their ability to efficiently and highly specifically cleave rna molecules. in this study, a number ofgenomic sequences of the most relevant influenza a virus subtypes, h5n1, h3n2, and h1n1, were analyzed. conservative regions were revealed ... | 2013 | 23705497 |
| vitamin c is an essential factor on the anti-viral immune responses through the production of interferon-α/β at the initial stage of influenza a virus (h3n2) infection. | l-ascorbic acid (vitamin c) is one of the well-known anti-viral agents, especially to influenza virus. since the in vivo anti-viral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin c could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using gulo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin c like humans. first, we found that vitamin c-insufficient gulo (-/-) mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (h3n2/hongkong). viral titers in the lung of vitami ... | 2013 | 23700397 |
| genotype patterns of contemporary reassorted h3n2 virus in us swine. | to understand the evolution of swine-origin h3n2v influenza viruses that have infected 320 humans in the usa since august 2011, we performed a phylogenetic analysis at a whole genome scale of north american swine influenza viruses (n = 200). all viral isolates evolved from the prototypical north american h3 cluster 4 (c4), with evidence for further diversification into subclusters. at least ten distinct reassorted h3n2/pandemic h1n1 (rh3n2p) genotypes were identified in swine. genotype 1 (g1) wa ... | 2013 | 23695819 |
| deliberate reduction of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase expression of influenza virus leads to an ultraprotective live vaccine in mice. | a long-held dogma posits that strong presentation to the immune system of the dominant influenza virus glycoprotein antigens neuraminidase (na) and hemagglutinin (ha) is paramount for inducing protective immunity against influenza virus infection. we have deliberately violated this dogma by constructing a recombinant influenza virus strain of a/pr8/34 (h1n1) in which expression of na and ha genes was suppressed. we down-regulated na and ha expression by recoding the respective genes with subopti ... | 2013 | 23690603 |
| swine, human or avian influenza viruses differentially activates porcine dendritic cells cytokine profile. | swine influenza virus (swiv) is considered a zoonosis and the fact that swine may act as an intermediate reservoir for avian influenza virus, potentially infectious for humans, highlights its relevance and the need to understand the interaction of different influenza viruses with the porcine immune system. thus, in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (pobmdcs) were infected with a circulating swiv a/swine/spain/sf32071/2007(h3n2), 2009 human pandemic influenza virus a/catalonia/63/2 ... | 2013 | 23689011 |
| b cell responses to the 2011/12-influenza vaccine in the aged. | antibody and b cell responses to influenza a viruses were measured over a period of 2 months in 30 aged and 15 middle-aged individuals following vaccination with the 2011/12 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine by micro-neutralization assays, elisas, elispot assays and cell surface staining with lineage-defining antibodies followed by multicolor flow cytometry. both cohorts developed comparable antibody responses to the h3n2 virus of the vaccine while responses to the h1n1 virus were compromi ... | 2013 | 23674565 |
| isolation of influenza a(h3n2)v virus from pigs and characterization of its biological properties in pigs and mice. | recently, a novel reassortant virus, influenza a(h3n2)v [a(h3n2)v], was identified as the causative pathogen in 307 human cases of influenza in the united states. a(h3n2)v contains the matrix gene from the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus, while its other genes originate from h3n2 viruses with triple-reassorted internal genes. in this study, we isolated three a(h3n2)v viruses from commercial pigs in korea that showed similarities with published human a(h3n2)v viruses in eight segment sequence al ... | 2013 | 23674250 |
| a comparison of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza a or b during the 2011-2012 influenza season in korea: a multi-center study. | during the 2011/2012 winter influenza season in the republic of korea, influenza a (h3n2) was the predominant virus in the first peak period of influenza activity during the second half of january 2012. on the other hand, influenza b was the predominant virus in the second peak period of influenza activity during the second half of march 2012. the objectives of this study were to compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza a or influen ... | 2013 | 23671624 |
| antigenically intact hemagglutinin in circulating avian and swine influenza viruses and potential for h3n2 pandemic. | the 2009 swine-origin h1n1 influenza, though antigenically novel to the population at the time, was antigenically similar to the 1918 h1n1 pandemic influenza, and consequently was considered to be "archived" in the swine species before reemerging in humans. given that the h3n2 is another subtype that currently circulates in the human population and is high on who pandemic preparedness list, we assessed the likelihood of reemergence of h3n2 from a non-human host. using ha sequence features releva ... | 2013 | 23661027 |
| epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in zhuhai, china. | influenza-like illnesses (ili), a subset of acute respiratory infections (ari), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ili can be caused by numerous pathogens, however; there is limited information on the etiology and epidemiology of ili in china. | 2013 | 23651577 |
| reassortment ability of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus with circulating human and avian influenza viruses: public health risk implications. | exploring the reassortment ability of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (a/h1n1pdm09) influenza virus with other circulating human or avian influenza viruses is the main concern related to the generation of more virulent or new variants having implications for public health. after different coinfection experiments in human a549 cells, by using the a/h1n1pdm09 virus plus one of human seasonal influenza viruses of h1n1 and h3n2 subtype or one of h11, h10, h9, h7 and h1 avian influenza viruses, several reasso ... | 2013 | 23639426 |
| detection of influenza virus induced ultrastructural changes and dna damage. | the influenza virus generally causes damage to epithelial cells of respiratory tract and infection of cells with this virus often results in cell death with apoptotic characteristics. reports are available implicating influenza virus as a causative agent of chromosomal aberrations in cells and culture. the objective of this study was to analyze the process of cell death caused by influenza virus (a/udorn/317/72, h3n2) infection in cultured hela cells by electron microscopy and comet assay. the a ... | 2010 | 23637478 |
| the serial intervals of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses in households in bangkok, thailand. | the serial interval (si) of human influenza virus infections is often described by a single distribution. understanding sources of variation in the si could provide valuable information for understanding influenza transmission dynamics. using data from a randomized household study of nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent influenza transmission in bangkok, thailand, over 34 months between 2008 and 2011, we estimated the influence of influenza virus type/subtype and other characteristics of 2 ... | 2013 | 23629874 |
| predicting hotspots for influenza virus reassortment. | the 1957 and 1968 influenza pandemics, each of which killed ≈1 million persons, arose through reassortment events. influenza virus in humans and domestic animals could reassort and cause another pandemic. to identify geographic areas where agricultural production systems are conducive to reassortment, we fitted multivariate regression models to surveillance data on influenza a virus subtype h5n1 among poultry in china and egypt and subtype h3n2 among humans. we then applied the models across asi ... | 2013 | 23628436 |
| [analysis on pathogen detection for 53 influenza outbreaks]. | in order to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control, analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza outbreaks in xuzhou area during 2005-2011. | 2012 | 23627018 |
| [etiological analysis of influenza surveillance data in xuzhou from 2005 to 2011]. | to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of influenza viruses in xuzhou city from 2005 to 2011 and to provide the scientific supports for influenza prevention and control in this religion. | 2012 | 23627016 |
| swine influenza in sri lanka. | to study influenza viruses in pigs in sri lanka, we examined samples from pigs at slaughterhouses. influenza (h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses were prevalent during 2004-2005 and 2009-2012, respectively. genetic and epidemiologic analyses of human and swine influenza viruses indicated 2 events of a(h1n1)pdm09 virus spillover from humans to pigs. | 2013 | 23621918 |
| a novel canine influenza h3n2 virus isolated from cats in an animal shelter. | the interspecies transmission of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ) to dogs was first reported in 2007. the present study characterized a novel civ h3n2 isolated from cats in an animal shelter. a comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the a/canine/korea/cy009/2010(h3n2) (cy009) and a/feline/korea/fy028/2010 (h3n2) (fy028) strains isolated from dogs and cats, respectively, in the animal shelter identified point mutations in 18 amino acid positions within eight vir ... | 2013 | 23618838 |
| exploring the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of influenza a virus in taiwan. | the evolution and population dynamics of human influenza in taiwan is a microcosm of the viruses circulating worldwide, which has not yet been studied in detail. we collected 343 representative full genome sequences of human influenza a viruses isolated in taiwan between 1979 and 2009. phylogenetic and antigenic data analysis revealed that h1n1 and h3n2 viruses consistently co-circulated in taiwan, although they were characterized by different temporal dynamics and degrees of genetic diversity. ... | 2013 | 23613982 |
| antibody responses to trivalent influenza vaccine in iranian adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the serious influenza-associated complications among immunodeficient individuals such as those who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in these people. therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to influenza vaccine in this group. two hundred subjects were recruited, during autumn 2010 and 2011, to receive, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine consisting of a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b strains. hem ... | 2013 | 23605597 |
| [analysis of evolution features of whole genome of influenza virus h3n2 in qingdao between year 2007 and 2011]. | to investigate the evolution features of whole-genome of influenza virus h3n2 prevalent in qingdao from year 2007 to 2011. | 2013 | 23601520 |