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79-year-old man with fever, malaise, and jaundice. 200919252117
action of the chemical agent fipronil on the reproductive process of semi-engorged females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae). ultrastructural evaluation of ovary cells.the ovary of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus consists of a wall of epithelial cells and a large number of oocytes in five different developmental stages (i-v), which are attached to the wall by a pedicel. the present study provides ultrastructural information on the effects (dose-response) of the acaricide fipronil (frontline) on ovaries of semi-engorged females of r. sanguineus, as well as it demonstrates some possible defense mechanisms used by oocytes to protect themselves against this chem ...200919250957
antibody responses of domestic animals to salivary antigens of triatomainfestans as biomarkers for low-level infestation of triatomines.hematophagous arthropods such as triatoma infestans, the vector of trypanosoma cruzi, elicit host-immune responses during feeding. characterization of antibody responses to salivary antigens offers the potential to develop immunologically based monitoring techniques for exposure to re-emergent triatomine bug populations in peridomestic animals. igg-antibody responses to the salivary antigens of t.infestans have been detected in chickens as soon as 2 days after the first exposure to five adult bu ...200919248784
molecular detection and identification of ehrlichia and anaplasma species in ixodid ticks.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was performed for the presence of ehrlichia and/or anaplasma. a total of 242 ixodid ticks were collected from domestic ruminants and their shelters, as well as humans, and their individual salivary glands were dissected out for dna. from the 242 ticks analyzed, six (2.47%), comprising three hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, one rhipicephalus bursa, and two rhipicephalus sanguineus, were positive. o ...200919247690
[drop off rhythm of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) of artificially infested dogs].the present study evaluated the drop-off rhythm of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks from two populations from brazil, one from monte negro, state of rondônia, and another from belo horizonte, state of minas gerais. artificial infestations with ticks were performed on dogs in the laboratory, held in a light: scotophase regimen of 12:12 h. larval drop-off rhythm was characterized by similar number of engorged larvae detaching during both periods of light and scotophase, or by a larger nu ...200819245759
allopatric speciation in ticks: genetic and reproductive divergence between geographic strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus.the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the morphological and genetic differences among r. microplus strains have been documented in the literature, suggesting that biogeographical and ecological separation may have resulted in boophilid ticks from america/africa and those from australia being different species. to test the hypothesis of the presence of different boophilid species, herein we perfo ...200919243585
infection and replication of bartonella species within a tick cell line.bartonella species are fastidious, gram negative bacteria, some of which are transmitted by arthropod vectors, including fleas, sandflies, and lice. there is very little information regarding the interaction and/or transmission capabilities of bartonella species by ticks. in the present study, we demonstrate successful infection of the amblyomma americanum cell line, aae12, by seven bartonella isolates and three candidatus bartonella species by electron or light microscopy. with the exception of ...200919242658
rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs, brazil.clinical illness caused by rickettsia rickettsii in dogs has been reported solely in the united states. we report 2 natural clinical cases of rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs in brazil. each case was confirmed by seroconversion and molecular analysis and resolved after doxycycline therapy.200919239764
the parasite fauna of stray domestic cats (felis catus) in dubai, united arab emirates.two hundred forty feral domestic cats trapped between 2004 and 2008 in the city centre and the suburb districts of dubai, as well as in desert biotopes, were subjected to a complete parasitological dissection. the established parasite fauna consisted of cystoisospora felis (12.9%), cystoisospora rivolta (9.2%), toxoplasma/hammondia (0.8%), heterophyes heterophyes (2.5%), heterophyopsis continua (0.4%), joyeuxiella spp. (65.8%), diplopylidium noelleri (37.1%), hydatigera taeniaeformis (16.7%), ta ...200919238440
conservation and immunogenicity of the mosquito ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin.the control of arthropod vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health is important for the eradication of vector-borne diseases. the ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin, was identified in aedes albopictus and found to have conserved epitopes in ticks and mosquitoes. rna interference with the tick and mosquito double-stranded rna in three tick species resulted in significant gene knockdown and decreased tick weight and/or survival. feeding anopheles atroparvus, aedes ca ...200919229557
molecular analysis of ixodes granulatus, a possible vector tick for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in taiwan.the genetic identity of ixodes granulatus ticks was determined for the first time in taiwan. the phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by comparing the sequences of mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna gene obtained from 19 strains of ticks representing seven species of ixodes and two outgroup species (rhipicephalus sanguineus and haemaphysalis inermis). four major clades could be easily distinguished by neighbour-joining analysis and were congruent by maximum-parsimony method. all these i. granul ...200919184580
transmission of cytauxzoon felis to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum.cytauxzoon felis was transmitted to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum. the infection was produced by the bite of a. americanum adults that were acquisition fed as nymphs on a domestic cat that naturally survived infection of c. felis. fever, inappetence, depression, and lethargy were first noted 11 days post-infestation (dpi). pale mucus membranes, splenomegaly, icterus, and dyspnea were also observed during the course of the disease. the body temperature of the experimentally infected c. f ...200919168288
[mediterranean spotted fever due to contact with dog-tick].mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is one of the tick-borne rickettsial infections caused by rickettsia conorii. it is transmitted to humans by brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus). in this case report, a 16-years-old male patient who was diagnosed as msf after an exposure to dog-tick in bartin province (located at middle black sea region of turkey) has been presented. his history revealed that, five days before admission to the hospital (on june, 2007) he had cleaned dog-ticks from his dog ...200819149095
taxonomical studies of ticks infesting wild rodents from asir province in saudi arabia.ticks infesting rodents in asir province, which is about 3000 meter above sea level, were surveyed in wadi dalaghan and wadi bin hachbal. they were examined from september to december 2006, where ten local life baited traps were distributed for 3 days each month. the rodents were acomys c. dimitatus (20), meriones rex (19) & one gerbillus cheesmani. fifty three nymphs were dropped off from the rodents in the laboratory 3 to 12 days post-trapping. forty eight nymphs were reared to adults for iden ...200819143116
prevalence of rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs in a region on the mexico-usa border. 200919136688
toward diagnosing leishmania infantum infection in asymptomatic dogs in an area where leishmaniasis is endemic.the most frequently used diagnostic methods were compared in a longitudinal survey with leishmania infantum-infected asymptomatic dogs from an area of italy where leishmaniasis is endemic. in february and march 2005, 845 asymptomatic dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), a dipstick assay (ds), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for l. infantum and by ifat for ehrlichia canis. dogs seronegative for l. infantum were further parasitologically evaluated by mic ...200919129471
antibiotic clearance of ehrlichia canis from dogs infected by intravenous inoculation of carrier blood.ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is a useful model for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, many of which infect dogs. the purpose of this study was to evaluate rifampin and doxycycline regimens for clearance of e. canis infections in addition to alleviation of cme. beagles were infected with e. canis by intravenous inoculation with carrier blood and treated with either rifampin or doxycycline after the acute phase of cme. improved hematological values ...200819120226
fungal formulations to control rhipicephalus sanguineus engorged females.entomopathogenic fungi are promising alternatives to chemical acaricides in controlling tick populations; however, biological formulations are required to improve conidial performance of these pathogens in the field. this study evaluated the effect of in vitro treatment of rhipicephalus sanguineus with conidial formulations of beauveria bassiana (bb) or metarhizium anisopliae (ma). conidia were formulated (at 10(8) conidia ml(-1)) in (1) emulsifiable concentrate (ec), (2) polymerized cellulose g ...200819120220
rickettsia helvetica in dermacentor reticulatus ticks.we report on the molecular evidence that dermacentor reticulatus ticks in croatia are infected with rickettsia helvetica (10%) or rickettsia slovaca (2%) or co-infected with both species (1%). these findings expand the knowledge of the geographic distribution of r. helvetica and d. reticulatus ticks.200919116063
parasites of importance for human health in nigerian dogs: high prevalence and limited knowledge of pet owners.dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. they may harbour a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential, thus causing a health risk to humans. in nigeria, epidemiological knowledge on these parasites is limited.200819068110
comparative susceptibility of larval stages of amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, and rhipicephalus sanguineus to infection by rickettsia rickettsii.the current study compared the susceptibility of larval stages of amblyomma cajennense (f.), amblyomma aureolatum (pallas), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) to infection by a brazilian strain of rickettsia rickettsii. guinea pigs experimentally infected by r. rickettsii were simultaneously infested by larvae of the three tick species. recovered engorged larvae were allowed to molt to nymphs and held in an incubator at 23 degrees c and 85-90% rh. subsequent flat nymphs were tested for ric ...200819058642
fatal case of israeli spotted fever after mediterranean cruise. 200819046528
first direct detection of rickettsial pathogens and a new rickettsia, 'candidatus rickettsia barbariae', in ticks from sardinia, italy.the present study evaluated the molecular detection and identification of rickettsia species in 83 ticks collected in sardinia, italy. fifteen ticks were pcr-positive using glta-specific and ompa-specific primers, leading to the identification of rickettsia aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicephalus turanicus and in rhipicephalus sanguineus, and a new rickettsia, previously referred to as potirb169 in portugal, in four rhipicephalus turanicus. this new species ...200819040474
a review of the off-label use of selamectin (stronghold/revolution) in dogs and cats.since its introduction approximately seven years ago, selamectin (stronghold/revolution, pfizer inc.) has been used off-label to treat a number of ecto- and endoparasite conditions in dogs and cats. it has been used as a successful prophylactic against dirofilaria repens and as a treatment for aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats. it has also been used to treat notoedric mange, infestation with the nasal mite pneumonyssoides caninum, cheyletiella spp. and neotrombicula autumnalis infestations and ...200819032763
defining the immune response to ehrlichia species using murine models.pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae include species of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma. ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. e. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as amblyomma americanum. e. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host ...200819028013
exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae).ticks are obligate blood feeders. the midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. in this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ests) from cdna libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding.200819021911
laboratory maintenance of rickettsia rickettsii.this unit includes protocols for the laboratory maintenance of the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia rickettsii, including propagation in mammalian cell cultures, as well as isolation, counting, and storage procedures. regulations for working with r. rickettsii in biosafety level 3 containment are also discussed.200819016440
warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses.the impact of climate on the vector behaviour of the worldwide dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is a cause of concern. this tick is a vector for life-threatening organisms including rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, r. conorii, the agent of mediterranean spotted fever, and the ubiquitous emerging pathogen r. massiliae. a focus of spotted fever was investigated in france in may 2007. blood and tissue samples from two patients were tested. an entomological survey w ...200819015724
identification, functional characterization and expression patterns of a water-specific aquaporin in the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus.much is known about the physiology of tick salivation, but nothing is known about the movement of water through the cell membranes of salivary glands, a phenomenon usually associated with water channels or aquaporins (aqps). an aqp, rsaqp1, was identified in a salivary gland cdna library of rhipicephalus sanguineus. in the first functional characterization of an acarine aqp, xenopus oocytes expressing rsaqp1 became water permeable, whereas rsaqp1 did not transport glycerol or urea. rsaqp1 was in ...200919000768
rickettsia conorii transcriptional response within inoculation eschar.rickettsia conorii, the causative agent of the mediterranean spotted fever, is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus. the skin thus constitutes an important barrier for the entry and propagation of r. conorii. given this, analysis of the survival strategies used by the bacterium within infected skin is critical for our understanding of rickettsiosis.200818997861
host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis.the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ...200818963493
detection of coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from central spain.a total of 1482 adult ticks collected from vegetation and animals in central spain in 2003-2005 were tested for the presence of coxiella burnetii by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent reverse line blot hybridization (pcr-rlb). c. burnetii was identified in 7.7% of questing ticks (80/1039) and 3.4% of ticks collected from animals (15/443) belonging to four species: hyalomma lusitanicum, dermacentor marginatus, rhiphicephalus sanguineus, and r. pusillus. these findings show an active role of ...200918945192
mediterranean spotted fever in algeria--new trends.mediterranean spotted fever (msf) due to rickettsia conorii is the most important tick-borne disease occurring in north africa. however, there are only a few fragmentary reports on the epidemiology and clinical aspects of rickettsioses in north africa, and cases are still rarely documented. we report herein a prospective study conducted in oran, the second largest city in algeria. this disease has not been properly described in oran or in other algerian cities.200918930677
new epidemiological data on brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of the state of são paulo, brazil.the present work evaluated rickettsial infection in dogs and their ticks in an area endemic for brazilian spotted fever (bsf) in the metropolitan area of são paulo, brazil, where the tick amblyomma aureolatum was presumed to be the vector of the disease. ticks were collected on dogs from 185 houses, encompassing single infestations by rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma longirostre, or amblyomma sp. in dogs from 60 (32.4%), 77 (41.6%), 2 (1.1%), and 25 (13.5%) houses, respe ...200818847319
experimental transmission of field anaplasma marginale and the a. centrale vaccine strain by hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus ticks.the cattle rickettsia anaplasma marginale is distributed worldwide and is transmitted by about 20 tick species, but only rhipicephalus simus, a strictly african tick species, has been shown to transmit the vaccine strain of a. centrale. the aim of the present study was to examine transmission of field strains of a. marginale and of the vaccine strain of a. centrale by three tick species -hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus - to susceptible calves. ...200918823724
absence of wolbachia endobacteria in the non-filariid nematodes angiostrongylus cantonensis and a. costaricensis.abstract: the majority of filarial nematodes harbour wolbachia endobacteria, including the major pathogenic species in humans, onchocerca volvulus, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. these obligate endosymbionts have never been demonstrated unequivocally in any non-filariid nematode. however, a recent report described the detection by pcr of wolbachia in the metastrongylid nematode, angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm), a leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. to address ...200818801163
questions on mediterranean spotted fever a century after its discovery.mediterranean spotted fever (msf) was first described in 1910. twenty years later, it was recognized as a rickettsial disease transmitted by the brown dog tick. in contrast to rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), msf was thought to be a benign disease; however, the first severe case that resulted in death was reported in france in the 1980s. we have noted important changes in the epidemiology of msf in the last 10 years, with emergence and reemergence of msf in several countries. advanced molecu ...200818760001
mediterranean spotted fever.rickettsial disease has recently undergone an important evolution, particularly in the field of molecular genetics. this development includes mediterranean spotted fever (msf), a tick-borne disease caused by rickettsia conorii. important changes have occurred in ecologic and epidemiologic comprehension of the disease, and in the occurrence of severe forms. however, many questions still remain, including the identity of the real vector and reservoir of r conorii, and whether other risk factors ex ...200818755388
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...200918723199
canine vector-borne diseases in brazil.abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ...200818691408
ectoparasites on reintroduced roe deer capreolus capreolus in israel.the ectoparasite fauna of reintroduced roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was surveyed in a mediterranean forest in israel. ectoparasites were collected from four female hand-reared deer during 2004 and 2005. seasonality, predilection sites of infestation, and the apparent effect of the parasites are presented. this is the first study of roe deer parasites in the east mediterranean. the ectoparasite fauna included three hippoboscid fly (lipoptena capreoli, hippobosca equina, and hippobosca longipenn ...200818689655
ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity.bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. one possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. we have identified distinct cdnas e ...200818678732
spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks from southeastern spain natural parks.during an 8-years study, we collected from vegetation or domestic and wild mammals 1246 ticks (624 males, 511 females and 111 nymphs) belonging to 13 species in jaen province (andalusia) and we analyzed these ticks by pcr and sequencing for the presence of rickettsiae. specific rickettsiae dna was detected in 243 (19.5%) of the ticks tested. sequence analysis of amplicons of glta, ompa and ompb genes revealed that ixodes ricinus were infected with r. monacensis, including strain irs3, and r. hel ...200818677442
molecular method for discrimination between francisella tularensis and francisella-like endosymbionts.environmental studies on the distribution of francisella spp. are hampered by the frequency of francisella-like endosymbionts that can produce a misleading positive result. a new, efficient molecular method for detection of francisella tularensis and its discrimination from francisella-like endosymbionts, as well as two variants associated with human disease (unusual f. tularensis strain fnsp1 and f. tularensis subsp. novicida-like strain 3523), is described. the method is highly specific and se ...200818650358
bartonella sp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction.we detected infection with a bartonella species (b. henselae or b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) in blood samples from six immunocompetent patients who presented with a chronic neurological or neurocognitive syndrome including seizures, ataxia, memory loss, and/or tremors. each of these patients had substantial animal contact or recent arthropod exposure as a potential risk factor for bartonella infection. additional studies should be performed to clarify the potential role of bartonella spp. as a ...200818632903
molecular survey of rickettsia spp. in sick dogs in italy.the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of rickettsia spp. dna in the blood of sick dogs from italy. canine blood samples (n=650) submitted for molecular testing of rickettsia spp. to a diagnostic laboratory from february 2003 to march 2006 were studied. the rickettsia spp. dna detection was performed by light cycler real-time pcr using hybridization probes separately conducted with specific primers and probes. the total percentage of rickettsia spp.-positive dog sa ...200818631232
a survey for infection with dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and babesia canis in feral and client-owned dogs in the turks and caicos islands, british west indies.the frequency of infection with dirofilaria immitis and babesia canis and seropositivity to ehrlichia canis and borrelia burgdorferi in feral and client-owned dogs was determined. feral dogs were 14.8 and 11.2 times more likely to be seropositive to d. immitis and e. canis, respectively, than were client-owned dogs. none of the dogs tested positive for b. burgdorferi or b. canis.200818624070
[mediterranean spotted fever: new trends and new questions]. 200818598863
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, morocco.a total of 370 ticks, encompassing 7 species from 4 genera, were collected during 2002-2006 from domestic animals and vegetation in the taza region of northeastern morocco. rickettsial dna was identified in 101 ticks (27%) by sequencing pcr products of fragments of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein genes of rickettsia spp. seven rickettsiae of the spotted fever group were identified, including 4 pathogens: r. aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicep ...200818598627
rickettsia felis as emergent global threat for humans.rickettsia felis is an emergent pathogen belonging to transitional group rickettsiae. first described in 1990, r. felis infections have been reported to occur worldwide in fleas, mammals, and humans. because clinical signs of the illness are similar to those of murine typhus and other febrile illnesses such as dengue, the infection in humans is likely underestimated. r. felis has been found throughout the world in several types of ectoparasites; cat fleas appear to be the most common vectors. r. ...200818598619
host- and microbe-related risk factors for and pathophysiology of fatal rickettsia conorii infection in portuguese patients.the pathophysiologic mechanisms that determine the severity of mediterranean spotted fever (msf) and the host-related and microbe-related risk factors for a fatal outcome are incompletely understood.200818582199
reliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan.in a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan was determined. three locations were selected (gumbo, khor rumla and nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (nilotic zebu breed) kept in six different herds. four tick genera and ten spe ...200818575063
the effect of temperature and fasting period on the viability of free-living females of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.little is known about the effect of temperature on viability of free-living phases of the life cycle of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) despite of its importance as vector of several pathogens. knowledge of the effect of abiotic factors on the capacity of a given tick species to infest new hosts is important for routine experimental activities under laboratory conditions, and may be relevant to understand the transmission of pathogens. the study evaluates the viability of r. sanguineu ...200818566896
anaphylactic shock caused by tick bites. 200818564642
ticks infesting domestic animals in northern greece.the tick species infesting grazing animals in the countryside of 11 prefectures in northern greece were investigated during april-july and september-december of consecutive years 2003-2006. a total of 3,249 (1,952 males, 1,297 females) adult ticks were collected from goats, sheep, cattle and dogs. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus (44.57%), ixodes gibbosus (4.09%), rhipicephalus bursa (19.14%), rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus (5.79%), hyalomma marginatum marginatum (12.40 ...200818563592
[control of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latrielle, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) in the kennel of the ufmg veterinary school, belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil].the present work was aimed at proposing a control measure for rhipicephalus sanguineus in a naturally infected kennel of 72 m(2) of the ufmg veterinary school with 25 dogs of different breeds. a sensitivity test to acaricide products was applied in a sample of r. sanguineus. out of the acaricide products tested: 12.5% amitraz (product 1); 2% alfamethrin and 60% dichlorvos association (product 2); 5% deltamethrin (product 3) and the association between 77.6% trichlorfon, 1.0% coumaphos and 1.0% c ...200818554440
markers of cell death in salivary glands of males of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the salivary glands of rhipicephalus sanguineus males at stages: unfed (control), at day seven post-attachment, and at days three and seven post-detachment from the host were examined using methods of enzymatic analysis and cell viability. at these stages of feeding, different staining patterns were observed in the cells of type iv, iii, ii and i acini, which were affected by degeneration in this sequence. acid phosphatase reaction was inversely proportional to that of atpase, while atpase react ...200818514570
identification of a novel babesia sp. from a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838).babesiosis in a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838) was first reported in 1930; the parasite was named babesia irvinesmithi. recently, specimens from an adult sable that presented with a sudden onset of disease and that subsequently died during immobilization were submitted for molecular characterization. microscopic examination of thin blood smears revealed the presence of small piroplasms. dna was extracted from blood samples; the v4 variable region of the 18s rrna gene was amplifi ...200818508943
splenic rupture and malignant mediterranean spotted fever. 200818507929
toxicity of extract of magonia pubescens (sapindales: sapindaceae) st. hil. to control the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (acari: ixodidae).the action of crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of the soapberry magonia pubescens st. hil. was studied upon larvae of the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille). tick larvae were obtained by maintaining gravid females in an incubator, after collecting them from naturally infested kennels. the tick larvae were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of the extract dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and distilled water. four tests were re ...200818506302
evaluation of cytotoxic effects of fipronil on ovaries of semi-engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) tick female.the ovary of the rhipicephalus sanguineus dog tick female is structurally formed by oocytes in five different stages of development (from i to v) and attached to the gonad by the pedicel. the present study evaluated possible toxic effects of the acaricide fipronil (frontline) on ovaries of semi-engorged ticks. sixty partially fed females of r. sanguineus tick were distributed into four groups of 15 specimens each: i--non-treated; ii, iii and iv--treated with 1, 5 and 10 ppm of fipronil, respecti ...200818501493
genetic and antigenic diversities of major immunoreactive proteins in globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains.the extent of knowledge regarding the diversity of globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains has been limited to information gained from a few evolutionarily conserved genes. in this study, e. canis strains from the united states (strain jake [us]), brazil (strain são paulo [br]), and israel (strain 611 [is] and ranana [is-r]) were used to examine the antigenic and genetic diversities of four well-characterized major immunoreactive protein genes/proteins. gp36 and gp200 were the most divergen ...200818480237
efficacy of a single application of a 12.5% pyriprole topical solution against laboratory infestations with ticks (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs.in three separate studies, the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on solution was investigated against induced infestation with ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs (both sexes; beagles in studies 1 and 2, mixed-breed in study 3). for each tick species, one group of 8 dogs left untreated (studies 1 and 2) or treated with a placebo solution (study 3) was compared with another group treated once with the spot-on solution at a dose rat ...200818455315
degeneration of salivary glands of males of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the present study examined the salivary glands of rhipicephalus sanguineus males at days 0, 3, and 7 post-detachment from the host. degeneration of this organ occurred in the three stages and it advanced as time away from the host progressed. thus, characteristics of degeneration were more prominent in males at day 7 post-detachment than in males at day 0 post-detachment. in males at day 0 post-detachment, type i acini were intact; while in other stages these acini exhibited signs of degeneratio ...200818450383
rickettsia slovaca in dermacentor marginatus and tick-borne lymphadenopathy, tuscany, italy.of 263 patients in tuscany, italy, from whom ticks were removed during july 2005-may 2007, five showed signs of tick-borne encephalopathy. of the ticks, 17 were dermacentor marginatus; 6 (35.3%) of these were identified by sequence analysis as containing rickettsia slovaca. tick-borne lympadenopathy occurs in this area.200818439371
a case of spotted fever group rickettsiosis imported into the united kingdom and treated with ciprofloxacin: a case report.spotted fever group rickettsioses are an interesting group of infections, which are increasing in incidence worldwide.200818387179
[influence of aggregation on the molting process of rhipicephalus sanguineus, (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions].the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different aggregations on the molting process of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806). tick-naïve domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as experimental hosts for the parasitic phase. a total of 10 rabbits were used on the experiment. all tick free-living phases were kept in incubator at 27+/-1 degrees c, 80+/-5% relative humidity and scotophase. the periods of pre-molt, molt, percentage of ecdisis and molt rhyth ...200718373896
more about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus.this study aimed to identify 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-dcp) in amblyomma cajennense and to evaluate its role in a. cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus courtship. hexanic extract from attractive females was purified by solid phase extraction and the phenol was identified by the single ion monitoring method using gc/ms. in an olfactometer, the responses of a. cajennense and r. sanguineus males to females, control rubber septa or rubber septa impregnated with 2,6-dcp at 50, 500, and 5000 ng, resp ...200818368237
molecular characterization of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iii.the molecular characterization of a bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iii strain (ncsu strain 06-co1) isolated from the blood of a military working dog diagnosed with endocarditis is reported in this study. several genes were amplified and sequenced for comparative sequence similarity with other strains.200818367567
expression and porin activity of p28 and omp-1f during intracellular ehrlichia chaffeensis development.ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular gram-negative bacterium, must take up various nutrients and metabolic compounds because it lacks many genes involved in metabolism. nutrient uptake by a gram-negative bacterium occurs primarily through pores or channels in the bacterial outer membrane. here we demonstrate that isolated e. chaffeensis outer membranes have porin activities, as determined by a proteoliposome swelling assay. the activity was partially blocked by an antibody that rec ...200818359808
death by apoptosis in salivary glands of females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).the salivary glands of females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus at three feeding stages: unfed, engorged, and at day three post-engorgement, were subjected to cytochemical methods of enzymatic analysis and cell viability. comparing glands at these stages, was observed distinct staining patterns in cells of different types of acini, specially in degenerating types iii, ii, i, which were affected in this sequence by cell death. this study also revealed changes in: nuclei, staining intensity fo ...200818346738
spotted fever group rickettsia in brown dog ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus in southwestern spain.a total of 2,229 adults ticks (1,428 males and 801 females) belonging to the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, 1806, collected from dogs in seville province (andalusia), distributed in 500 lots ranging from one to eight specimens per lot, were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by molecular techniques. specific rickettsiae dna were detected in 90 lots (18%) of ticks tested. sequence analysis of amplicons revealed that r. sanguineus ticks were infected exclusively with ric ...200818340465
ehrlichia chaffeensis in child, venezuela. 200818325283
salp15 binding to dc-sign inhibits cytokine expression by impairing both nucleosome remodeling and mrna stabilization.ixodes ticks are major vectors for human pathogens, such as borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. tick saliva contains immunosuppressive molecules that facilitate tick feeding and b. burgdorferi infection. we here demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that the ixodes scapularis salivary protein salp15 inhibits adaptive immune responses by suppressing human dendritic cell (dc) functions. salp15 inhibits both toll-like receptor- and b. burgdorferi-induced productio ...200818282094
the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae): from taxonomy to control.rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. r. sanguineus ticks are widely distributed around the world and they are known vectors of pathogens, such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. the increasing number of cases of human parasitism by r. sanguineus ticks reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between humans and r. sanguineus ticks ...200818280045
rickettsia monacensis and human disease, spain.we identified rickettsia monacensis as a cause of acute tickborne rickettsiosis in 2 humans. its pathogenic role was assessed by culture and detection of the organism in patients' blood samples. this finding increases the number of recognized human rickettsial pathogens and expands the known geographic distribution of mediterranean spotted fever-like cases.200718252123
anaplasma platys in dogs, chile.we conducted a 16s rrna nested pcr for the genus ehrlichia and ehrlichia spp. with blood samples from 30 ill dogs in chile. phylogenetic analysis was performed by using groesl gene amplification. we identified anaplasma platys as 1 of the etiologic agents of canine ehrlichiosis.200718252119
detection and molecular characterization of babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in tunisia.canine babesiosis, caused by intra-erythrocytic babesia, is a tick-borne disease of worldwide importance. no information on canine babesiosis has been documented in tunisia. detection and analysis of babesia species from naturally infected dogs and ticks recovered from dogs were attempted by reverse line blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis based on 18s rrna gene. out of 180 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in 4 villages situated in different bioclimatic zones, 12 were p ...200818242865
rocky mountain spotted fever, colombia.we investigated 2 fatal cases of rocky mountain spotted fever that occurred in 2003 and 2004 near the same locality in colombia where the disease was first reported in the 1930s. a retrospective serosurvey of febrile patients showed that > 21% of the serum samples had antibodies aaainst spotted fever group rickettsiae.200718214179
molecular and parasitological survey of hepatozoon canis (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) in dogs from rural area of sao paulo state, brazil.hepatozoon canis is a protozoan that infects dogs and is transmitted by the ingestion of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. two distinct species of hepatozoon genus can infect dogs, h. canis and h. americanum. routine tests to detect the disease are based on direct examination of gametocytes on giemsa-stained blood smears. the objectives of this study were the investigation of infection prevalence in rural area dogs, the comparison of diagnostics by blood smear examination and polymer ...200818188597
prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in mazandaran province, iran.a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. a total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. nine species were identified: boophilus annulatus (51.3%), rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), ixodes ricinus (6.8%), hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), hyalomma detritum ...200718165714
prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and rickettsia spp. in dogs from grenada.to identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). in 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for e. canis, respectively. in 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and pcr. dna of e. canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, and bartonella ...200818160223
acaricidal activity of calea serrata (asteraceae) on boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus.calea serrata (asteraceae) is an endemic southern brazilian plant species used for religious and medicinal purposes. previous study revealed the presence of chromenes, a class of natural compounds that possess insecticidal properties. this study reports the effect of the hexane extract from the aerial parts of this plant on egg hatchability, egg production and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. larvae of rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, r ...200818158216
spontaneous infection of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus with coxiella burnetii. 194918148515
rickettsia infection in five areas of the state of são paulo, brazil.this study investigated rickettsial infection in animals, humans, ticks, and fleas collected in five areas of the state of são paulo. eight flea species (adoratopsylla antiquorum antiquorum, ctenocephalides felis felis, polygenis atopus, polygenis rimatus, polygenis roberti roberti, polygenis tripus, rhopalopsyllus lugubris, and rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi), and five tick species (amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, ixodes loricatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus) were ...200718094887
ticks biting humans in the urban area of istanbul.a passive surveillance for tick bites in humans was undertaken in the city of istanbul (turkey) in the summer and autumn of 2006. from 1,054 reported tick bites, most were females of ixodes ricinus (27%) and nymphs of hyalomma aegyptium (50%). a few adults of hyalomma m. marginatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and dermacentor marginatus were also recorded. we investigated potential risk factors for i. ricinus and h. aegyptium with spatial statistics. climate features at 1-km resolution (monthly min ...200818074152
an insight into the sialome of the soft tick, ornithodorus parkeri.while hard ticks (ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than 1h per meal. saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored. analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick ornithodoru ...200818070662
cytoplasmic rna and nuclear changes detected cytochemically during the degeneration of salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the present study reports cytochemistry data about salivary glands of females (unfed, engorged, and at day three post-engorgement) and males (unfed, at day seven post-attachment, and at days three and seven post-detachment from the host) of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. the results revealed nuclear changes in engorged females and at day three post-engorgement, and in males in all stages (except unfed). these changes were more prominent in females. cytoplasmic changes were also observed in c ...200818061463
the effect of water and shampooing on the efficacy of a pyriprole 12.5% topical solution against brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs.the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on formulation against induced infestations with r. sanguineus ticks and cat fleas (c. felis) as well as its persistence after repeated washing and shampooing was investigated in four separate studies. in a first study on r. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.3%. no engorged ticks, alive or dead, ...200818061355
man-threatening viruses isolated from ticks in saudi arabia.to determine tick viruses transmissible to man in saudi arabia.200718060218
chemical composition and larvicidal properties of the essential oils from drimys brasiliensis miers (winteraceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus.the essential oil obtained from leaves and stem barks of the southern brazilian native drimys brasiliensis miers, a tree with medicinal properties, was analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry (ms). the oil was characterized by sesquiterpenoids (66%), cyclocolorenone being the most abundant (30.4%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (11.8%) and alpha-gurjunene (6.0%). laboratory tests were carried out to determine the toxicity of the essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick rhi ...200818046578
outbreak of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in saudi arabia.canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a widespread tickborne infection of canids caused by ehrlichia canis, a gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae. cme is reported to have worldwide distribution, but its presence in a region requires the presence of the vector, the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus.200718041697
experimental infection of dairy calves with ehrlichia chaffeensis.human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) is a zoonotic emerging tick-borne disease with clinical signs that range from mild symptoms to multiple organ failure and death. ehrlichia chaffeensis, the aetiologic agent of hme, is reported to infect a divergent range of mammals. although cattle are common hosts of the primary vector of this pathogen, the susceptibility of this host to e. chaffeensis has not been reported to date. this study was undertaken to determine if cattle could provide a useful infect ...200718033836
tick saliva inhibits the chemotactic function of mip-1alpha and selectively impairs chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells by down-regulating cell-surface ccr5.ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that secrete immunomodulatory molecules through their saliva to antagonize host inflammatory and immune responses. as dendritic cells (dcs) play a major role in host immune responses, we studied the effects of rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva on dc migration and function. bone marrow-derived immature dcs pre-exposed to tick saliva showed reduced migration towards macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1alpha, mip-1beta and regulated upon activation, normal t ...200818023445
parasiticidal 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilides.a series of novel 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilide derivatives have shown significant in vitro parasiticidal activity against the ectoparasites ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. a number of these compounds also displayed significant in vitro endoparasite activity against the nematode haemonchus contortus.200818006308
[a descriptive epidemiological study on canine babesiosis in the lake geneva region].a descriptive study was carried out in the district of the lake geneva between march 1, 2005 and august 31,2006 to assess the incidence and prevalence of canine babesiosis, to genotype the babesia species occurring, to assess the most frequently clinical signs found and to address the potential of autochthonous transmission. this included a data assessment on the different tick-populations occurring in the area and on the prevalence of babesia-dna in these ticks. a total of 56 veterinary practic ...200717983018
ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the netherlands.following an outbreak of autochthonous canine babesiosis in the netherlands, a request made to veterinarians and the public to collect ticks from companion animals resulted in 4298 ticks submitted between july 2005 and october 2006 to our center. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus adults (2907/4298, 67.6%), ixodes sp. nymphs (529/4298, 12.3%) and ixodes sp. larvae (385/4298, 9.0%), i. hexagonus adults (328/4298, 7.6%), dermacentor reticulatus (72/4298, 1.7%), and several other exotic tick s ...200717979540
the complete mitochondrial genome of pseudocellus pearsei (chelicerata: ricinulei) and a comparison of mitochondrial gene rearrangements in arachnida.mitochondrial genomes are widely utilized for phylogenetic and population genetic analyses among animals. in addition to sequence data the mitochondrial gene order and rna secondary structure data are used in phylogenetic analyses. arachnid phylogeny is still highly debated and there is a lack of sufficient sequence data for many taxa. ricinulei (hooded tickspiders) are a morphologically distinct clade of arachnids with uncertain phylogenetic affinities.200717961221
dose determination of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for control of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis) and brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs.a novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone and amitraz (promeris/promeris duo for dogs, fort dodge animal health, overland park, ks) was evaluated in a laboratory study to determine the appropriate dose for efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. thirty-six beagles were randomly allocated to six equal groups and individually housed. one group remained nontreated. another was treated with a placebo formulation (solvents with no active ingredients). three groups of dogs wer ...200717931781
confirmation of the efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment and control of fleas and ticks on dogs.a novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (promeris/promeris duo for dogs, fort dodge animal health, overland park, ks) was evaluated in four laboratory studies to confirm efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. three different strains of cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) and four tick species were used. rhipicephalus sanguineus and dermacentor variabilis were evaluated concurrently in two studies and ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum in one st ...200717923330
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