Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| rsv vaccine use--the missing data. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most important cause of hospitalization in infants and is one of the leading global causes of infant mortality and as such its prevention through vaccination is a public health priority. while essential for the successful implementation of vaccine programs, there remains a paucity of data on the epidemiology of the virus in different settings and age groups and limited knowledge about virus transmission and the health-care costs of the disease. ... | 2016 | 26636902 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease: the french experience. | there is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease (child). in this retrospective study, we evaluated the effectiveness of palivizumab for decreasing the rate of rsv-related hospitalizations in children under the age of 24 months with child treated with corticosteroids. | 2016 | 26636747 |
| [usefulness of a newly developed immunochromatographic assay kit for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus]. | we evaluated the usefulness of immunocatch-rsv (eiken chemical co., ltd.) (ic-a), a newly developed immunochromatographic assay kit for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). for the clinical study, 210 nasal swabs and 134 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infections in 2013. three immunochromatographic assay kits (ic-a, ic-b and ic-c), and the rt-pcr method were used for the detection of rsv. the detection times for ic-a, ic-b ... | 2015 | 26630788 |
| clinical utility of a near patient care microarray based diagnostic test for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | in primary care medicine, establishing a diagnosis of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections is usually based on clinical history and physical examination as well as a consideration of time of the year and circulating respiratory viruses in the community. | 2015 | 26629177 |
| high prevalence of bordetella pertussis in children under 5 years old hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in lima, peru. | pertussis diagnosis may go unrecognized when other pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) circulate. | 2015 | 26626910 |
| high burden of rsv hospitalization in very young children: a data linkage study. | linked administrative population data were used to estimate the burden of childhood respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in an australian cohort aged <5 years. rsv-coded hospitalizations data were extracted for all children aged <5 years born in new south wales (nsw), australia between 2001 and 2010. incidence was calculated as the total number of new episodes of rsv hospitalization divided by the child-years at risk. mean cost per episode of rsv hospitalization was estimated using ... | 2016 | 26626237 |
| the economics of strategies to reduce respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in alaska. | alaska native infants experience high rates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations. through 2008, alaska administered a 7-dose (maximum) palivizumab regime to high-risk infants from october to may. in 2009, the maximum was reduced to 3 doses for 32- to 34-week preterm babies and 6 doses for other groups. | 2014 | 26625383 |
| the response of aged mice to primary infection and re-infection with pneumonia virus of mice depends on their genetic background. | the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) model is used to study respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogenesis. the outcome of pvm infection varies in different inbred mouse strains, balb/c being highly susceptible and c57bl/6 more resistant. as the disease symptoms induced by rsv infection can become more severe as people age, we examined the primary and secondary immune responses to infection with pvm in aged balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. based on clinical parameters, aged c57bl/6 mice displayed less seve ... | 2016 | 26621546 |
| prevalence and characteristics of human metapneumovirus infection among hospitalized children at high risk for severe lower respiratory tract infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections. little is known about hmpv in children who are at high risk for lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). | 2012 | 26619409 |
| maternal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with a novel combination adjuvant provides protection from rsv in newborn lambs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the causative agent of serious upper and lower respiratory tract infections in newborns and infants. protection from rsv is crucial for neonates, and maternal immunization is one approach that holds promise for providing immediate protection to young infants against severe rsv infection. we previously reported efficacy of a subunit vaccine consisting of the fusion (f) protein formulated with a novel adjuvant (δf/triadj) in neonates. the goal of the current st ... | 2016 | 26616551 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in healthy infants. | despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse. | 2015 | 26608824 |
| the interferon type i/iii response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in airway epithelial cells can be attenuated or amplified by antiviral treatment. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a single-stranded rna virus that causes acute, and occasionally fatal, lower respiratory illness in young infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. therapeutic interventions able to cut short viral replication and quickly return the airways to normal function are needed. an understanding of antiviral activities and their effects on host defense mechanisms is important for the design of safe and effective therapy. we targeted functionally and ... | 2015 | 26608311 |
| anti-infectious human vaccination in historical perspective. | a brief history of vaccination is presented since the jenner's observation, through the first golden age of vaccinology (from pasteur's era to 1938), the second golden age (from 1940 to 1970), until the current period. in the first golden age, live, such as bacille calmette guérin (bcg), and yellow fever, inactivated, such as typhoid, cholera, plague, and influenza, and subunit vaccines, such as tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, have been developed. in the second golden age, the cell culture techn ... | 2016 | 26606466 |
| dna-aunp networks on cell membranes as a protective barrier to inhibit viral attachment, entry and budding. | viral infections have caused numerous diseases and deaths worldwide. due to the emergence of new viruses and frequent virus variation, conventional antiviral strategies that directly target viral or cellular proteins are limited because of the specificity, drug resistance and rapid clearance from the human body. therefore, developing safe and potent antiviral agents with activity against viral infection at multiple points in the viral life cycle remains a major challenge. in this report, we prop ... | 2016 | 26606447 |
| characterization of acute respiratory infections among 340 infants in wuxi, jiangsu province. | to investigate the etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections among children in wuxi, jiangsu province. | 2015 | 26605310 |
| respiratory macrophages and dendritic cells mediate respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-33 production in tlr3- or tlr7-dependent manner. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can increase the production of il-33 in lungs of mice. however, little is known about cellular source of il-33, particularly the types of il-33-producing cells in innate immune cells during rsv infection. in this study, by using balb/c mice that were infected intranasally with rsv, it became clear that rsv infection can enhance not only the number of il-33(+)-alveolar macrophages (ams) and dendritic cells (dcs), but also the expression of il-33 mrna in ... | 2015 | 26603638 |
| immunomodulator plasmid projected by systems biology as a candidate for the development of adjunctive therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | an imbalance in th1/th2 cytokine immune response has been described to influence the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) acute bronchiolitis and the severity of infection. th2-driven response has been well described under first rsv vaccine (formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine antigens) and replicated in some conditions for rsv-infected mice, in which a th2-dependent lung eosinophilia increases illness severity, accompanied of tissue damage. currently, several prototypes of rsv vaccine ... | 2016 | 26601594 |
| humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health. | research examining associations between weather and human health frequently includes the effects of atmospheric humidity. a large number of humidity variables have been developed for numerous purposes, but little guidance is available to health researchers regarding appropriate variable selection. we examine a suite of commonly used humidity variables and summarize both the medical and biometeorological literature on associations between humidity and human health. as an example of the importance ... | 2016 | 26599589 |
| etiology of pneumonia in a pediatric population with high pneumococcal vaccine coverage: a prospective study. | improved childhood immunizations programs, especially the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination, better diagnostic methods and the importance of reduced antibiotic misuse, make this a critical time to increase knowledge on the etiology of pediatric pneumonia. our main objective was to identify the contribution of various microbiological species that causes pneumonia in previously healthy children and adolescents in a population with high pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. | 2016 | 26599568 |
| agonistic 4-1bb antibody fails to reduce disease burden during acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. despite this, there are limited therapeutic options. cd8 t cells have an integral role in controlling viral infections; strategies to enhance these responses may be clinically relevant. the t cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1bb, is known to play a role in expansion of antiviral cd8 t cells. in this study, we examined the effect of agonistic 4-1bb antibody at the time of rsv infection in mice. we ... | 2016 | 26597692 |
| epidemiology of 11 respiratory rna viruses in a cohort of hospitalized children in riyadh, saudi arabia. | respiratory tract infections are a principal cause of illness and mortality in children worldwide and mostly caused by viruses. in this study, the epidemiology of 11 respiratory rna viruses was investigated in a cohort of hospitalized children at a tertiary referral center in riyadh from february 2008 to march 2009 using conventional and real-time monoplex rt-pcr assays. among 174 nasopharyngeal aspirates, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was detected in 39 samples (22.41%), influenza a virus i ... | 2016 | 26595650 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in macaques is not suppressed by intranasal sprays of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors. | there is imperious need for efficient therapies against ubiquitous and life-threatening respiratory viruses, foremost among them being the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). several research groups who performed functional screens for broad-spectrum antivirals identified compounds targeting the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. despite their strong antiviral activity in vitro, whether such antimetabolites are effective in vivo remains highly controversial. here, we evaluated two po ... | 2016 | 26593978 |
| surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in southern arizona, 2010-2014. | the binational border infectious disease surveillance program began surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (sari) on the us-mexico border in 2009. here, we describe patients in southern arizona. | 2016 | 26590069 |
| tlr3 activation increases chemokine expression in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells. | viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, adversely affect neonatal and pediatric populations, resulting in significant lung morbidity, including acute asthma exacerbation. studies in adults have demonstrated that human airway smooth muscle (asm) cells modulate inflammation through their ability to secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. the role of asm in the developing airway during infection remains undefined. in our study, we used human fetal asm cells as a ... | 2016 | 26589477 |
| respiratory syncytial virus shedding by children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection. | children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection shed virus for variable periods. the aim of this study was to quantify the viral load in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with rsv throughout their hospitalization. this study included 37 children who were admitted with a diagnosis of rsv infection based on a positive rapid diagnostic test. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients every day, from admission to discharge. viral detection and quantification were performed us ... | 2016 | 26588816 |
| pooled sequencing of candidate genes implicates rare variants in the development of asthma following severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy. | severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during infancy is strongly associated with the development of asthma. to identify genetic variation that contributes to asthma following severe rsv bronchiolitis during infancy, we sequenced the coding exons of 131 asthma candidate genes in 182 european and african american children with severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy using anonymous pools for variant discovery, and then directly genotyped a set of 190 nonsynonymous variants. associati ... | 2015 | 26587832 |
| similar virus spectra and seasonality in paediatric patients with acute respiratory disease, ghana and germany. | epidemiological differences between tropical and temperate regions regarding viruses causing acute respiratory infection are poorly understood. this is in part because methodological differences limit the comparability of data from these two regions. using identical molecular detection methods, we tested 1174 ghanaian and 539 german children with acute respiratory infections sampled over 12 months for the 15 most common respiratory viruses by pcr. a total 43.2% of the ghanaian and 56.6% of the g ... | 2016 | 26585774 |
| prematurity and the burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory morbidity of former preterm infants and especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is high during infancy and early childhood. | 2016 | 26582294 |
| synonymous deoptimization of foot-and-mouth disease virus causes attenuation in vivo while inducing a strong neutralizing antibody response. | codon bias deoptimization has been previously used to successfully attenuate human pathogens, including poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. we have applied a similar technology to deoptimize the capsid-coding region (p1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). despite the introduction of 489 nucleotide changes (19%), synonymous deoptimization of the p1 region rendered a viable fmdv progeny. the resulting strain was stable and reached cell culture titers similar to those ... | 2015 | 26581977 |
| preventing cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein in vero cells rescues the infectivity of progeny virus for primary human airway cultures. | all live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines that have advanced to clinical trials have been produced in vero cells. the attachment (g) glycoprotein in virions produced in these cells is smaller than that produced in other immortalized cells due to cleavage. these virions are 5-fold less infectious for primary well-differentiated human airway epithelial (hae) cell cultures. because hae cells are isolated directly from human airways, vero cell-grown vaccine virus would very like ... | 2015 | 26581976 |
| activity of oral als-008176 in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study. | background respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. there is no known effective therapy. methods we conducted a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in healthy adults inoculated with rsv. participants received the oral nucleoside analogue als-008176 or placebo 12 hours after confirmation of rsv infection or 6 days after inoculation. treatment was administered every 12 hours for 5 days. viral load, disease severity, resistance, and safety ... | 2015 | 26580997 |
| adenovirus species c detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing. | lower respiratory tract viral infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. among viral etiological agents the human adenovirus (adv) has been associated to mild or severe respiratory tract infection. | 2015 | 26580407 |
| hospitalization incidence, mortality, and seasonality of common respiratory viruses over a period of 15 years in a developed subtropical city. | information on respiratory viruses in subtropical region is limited.incidence, mortality, and seasonality of influenza (flu) a/b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus (adv), and parainfluenza viruses (piv) 1/2/3 in hospitalized patients were assessed over a 15-year period (1998-2012) in hong kong.male predominance and laterally transversed j-shaped distribution in age-specific incidence was observed. incidence of flu a, rsv, and piv decreased sharply from infants to toddlers; whereas fl ... | 2015 | 26579810 |
| the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used chinese herb. | licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional chinese medicine for centuries. more than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. this paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. the active components and the possible mechanisms for th ... | 2015 | 26579460 |
| differences between radiologically confirmed pneumonia with and without pleural fluid in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in southern israel. | we compared demographic and clinical characteristics of pneumonia with and without pleural fluid (pf and pn, respectively) in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in southern israel, between 2002 and 2011. overall, 108 pf and 5811 pn episodes were recorded. children with pf were older. prematurity (6.6% vs 14.0%) and asthma (9.9% vs 23.5%) were less common in pf. mean temperature and saturation were higher in pf while hemoglobin and sodium levels were lower in pf compared with pn. nasal wa ... | 2016 | 26578358 |
| circulating microbial rna and health. | measurement of health indicators in the blood is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure. two blood studies one involving extended observations on the health of an individual by integrative personal omics profiling (ipop), and the other tracking the impact of left ventricular assist device (lvad) placement on nine heart failure patients were examined for the association of change in health status with change in microbial rna species. decrease in rna expression ratios of human to bacteria and v ... | 2015 | 26576508 |
| [pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia]. | to investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (cap) from the chongqing area. | 2015 | 26575877 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity and climate parameters during a 12-year period. | the epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during long periods and the factors that determine seasonality are not well studied. in order to correlate the rsv epidemic activity with climate parameters, we conducted a retrospective study of children (0-14 year) who were hospitalized because of respiratory tract infection and had an rsv test performed in the major tertiary pediatric hospital of greece during a 12-year period (2002-2013). daily data regarding temperature and ... | 2016 | 26575521 |
| design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of novel ribonucleosides of 1,2,3-triazolylbenzyl-aminophosphonates. | a novel series of ribonucleosides of 1,2,3-triazolylbenzyl-aminophosphonates was synthesized through the kabachnik-fields reaction using i2 as catalyst followed by copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of the azide-alkyne reaction (cuaac). all structures of the newly prepared compounds were characterized by (1) h nmr, (13) c nmr, and hrms spectra. the structures of 2e, 2f, 3d, and 3g were further confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. these compounds were tested against various strains of dna and rna ... | 2015 | 26575425 |
| single pathogen challenge with agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in cattle; costing the dairy and beef industries millions of dollars annually, despite the use of vaccines and antibiotics. brdc is caused by one or more of several viruses (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpes type 1 also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and bovine viral diarrhea virus), which predispose animals to infection with one or more bacteria. these include: pasteurella mul ... | 2015 | 26571015 |
| analytical sensitivity comparison between singleplex real-time pcr and a multiplex pcr platform for detecting respiratory viruses. | multiplex pcr methods are attractive to clinical laboratories wanting to broaden their detection of respiratory viral pathogens in clinical specimens. however, multiplexed assays must be well optimized to retain or improve upon the analytic sensitivity of their singleplex counterparts. in this experiment, the lower limit of detection (lod) of singleplex real-time pcr assays targeting respiratory viruses is compared to an equivalent panel on a multiplex pcr platform, the genmark esensor rvp. lods ... | 2015 | 26569120 |
| viral and bacterial etiology of severe acute respiratory illness among children < 5 years of age without influenza in niger. | globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, with the highest burden experienced in sub-saharan africa and asia. however, there is a dearth of information on the etiology of severe acute respiratory illness (sari) in africa, including niger. | 2015 | 26567015 |
| use of medical resources by preterm infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in korea. | this study was aimed to provide data on the use of medical resources by preterm infants following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). the cohort included preterm infants (n=2,351) born at 22-32 weeks' gestation who were discharged from the nicus of 44 korean hospitals between april 2009 to march 2010. mean duration of post-discharge follow-up was 425±237 days. after discharge from the nicu, 94.5% of total infants visited a pediatric outpatient clinic (11.5±9.8 mean visits), 4 ... | 2015 | 26566364 |
| respiratory syncytial virus related readmission in preterm infants less than 34 weeks' gestation following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit in korea. | this study was done to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) related readmission (rrr) and risk factors of rrr in preterm infants < 34 weeks gestational age (ga) within 1 yr following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). infants (n = 1,140) who were born and admitted to the nicus of 46 hospitals in korea from april to september 2012, and followed up for > 1 yr after discharge from the nicu, were enrolled. the average ga and birth weight of the infants was 30(+5) ± 2(+5) w ... | 2015 | 26566351 |
| the clinical usefulness of lymphocyte:monocyte ratios in differentiating influenza from viral non-influenza-like illnesses in hospitalized adults during the 2015 influenza a (h3n2) epidemic: the uniqueness of hpiv-3 mimicking influenza a. | during influenza epidemics, influenza-like illnesses (ilis) viruses cocirculate with influenza strains. if positive, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) identify influenza a/b, but false-negative ridts require retesting by viral polymerase chain reaction (pcr). patient volume limits testing during influenza epidemics, and non-specific laboratory findings have been used for presumptive diagnosis pending definitive viral testing. in adults, the most useful laboratory abnormalities in influenz ... | 2016 | 26563893 |
| recombinant measles aik-c vaccine strain expressing heterologous virus antigens. | further attenuated measles vaccines were developed more than 50 years ago and have been used throughout the world. recombinant measles vaccine candidates have been developed and express several heterologous virus protective antigens. immunogenicity and protective actions were confirmed using experimental animals: transgenic mice, cotton rats, and primates. the recent development of measles vaccine-based vectored vaccine candidates has been reviewed and some information on recombinant measles vac ... | 2016 | 26562316 |
| viral aetiology of common colds of outpatient children at primary care level and the use of antibiotics. | although antibiotics are ineffective against viral respiratory infections, studies have shown high rates of prescriptions worldwide. we conducted a study in brazil to determine the viral aetiologies of common colds in children and to describe the use of antibiotics for these patients. children up to 12 years with common colds were enrolled from march 2008-february 2009 at a primary care level facility and followed by regular telephone calls and medical consultations. a nasopharyngeal wash was ob ... | 2015 | 26560978 |
| performance of a novel point-of-care molecular assay for detection of influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (enigma minilab) in children with acute respiratory infection. | the performance of the enigma minilab assay for influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. the positive and negative percent agreement for influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and rsv were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% ci], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% ci, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% ci, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% ci, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% ci, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% ci, 91.9 to 96.4%), respect ... | 2016 | 26560540 |
| gm-csf treatment prevents respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary exacerbation responses in postallergic mice by stimulating alveolar macrophage maturation. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of asthma exacerbations, yet the susceptibility of asthmatic patients to rsv is poorly understood. | 2016 | 26560044 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins upregulate socs1 and socs3 in the different manner from endogenous ifn signaling. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection upregulates genes of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) family, which utilize a feedback loop to inhibit type i interferon dependent antiviral signaling pathway. here, we reconstituted rsv nonstructural (ns) protein expression plasmids (pns1, pns2, and pns1/2) and tested whether ns1 or ns2 would trigger socs1 and socs3 protein expression. these ns proteins inhibited interferon- (ifn-) α signaling through a mechanism involving the induction of ... | 2015 | 26557722 |
| problem of immunoglobulin m co-detection in serological response to bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among children suspected of legionellosis. | the objective of this research was an analysis of the serological response to respiratory bacterial and viral pathogens, in 156 children admitted to hospital in warsaw with a suspicion of legionellosis. levels of immunoglobulin (ig) m to bordetella pertussis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenoviruses, human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) t. 1-4 and influenza t. a + b viruses were determined retrospectively by elisas. in the prospective examinations (only legionella pneum ... | 2015 | 26557031 |
| prenatal versus postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and intensive care use in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. | among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, we examined the associations between in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoking, postnatal tobacco smoke exposure, and risk of admission to the intensive care unit (icu). | 2016 | 26555856 |
| rsv infections: state of the art. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common lower respiratory disease in infants and young children worldwide. despite its long history, a safe and effective cure for rsv remains elusive. nonetheless, further understanding of rsv pathogenesis and risk factors have led to advances in prophylaxis and management. the leading risk factor for rsv is premature birth, primarily because fewer protective antibodies are transmitted from the mother to the infant. for full-term born infants, ... | 2015 | 26555808 |
| depletion of regulatory t-cells leads to moderate b-cell antigenicity in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the regulation of the immunopathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by regulatory t-cells (cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+); tregs) is not understood. | 2015 | 26555647 |
| efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (tb), is an important human pathogen. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), a live, attenuated variant of mycobacterium bovis, is currently the only available tb vaccine despite its low efficacy against the infectious pulmonary form of the disease in adults. thus, a more-effective tb vaccine is needed. parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a paramyxovirus, has several characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector. it is safe, inexpe ... | 2015 | 26552000 |
| basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus. | chemokines attract leukocytes to sites of infection in a g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) and glycosaminoglycan (gag) dependent manner. therefore, chemokines are crucial molecules for proper functioning of our antimicrobial defense mechanisms. in addition, some chemokines have gpcr-independent defensin-like antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. recently, high affinity for gags has been reported for the positively charged cooh-terminal region of the chemokine cxcl9. in addition to ... | 2016 | 26551597 |
| absence of bordetella pertussis among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis in finland, 2008-2010. | in 169 finnish infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis at age <6 months in 2008-2010, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by polymerase chain reaction for bordetella pertussis and 16 viruses. respiratory viruses were detected in 89% (71% with respiratory syncytial virus), but no infant had b. pertussis. the latter finding may reflect a positive effect from the broadening of the finnish pertussis vaccination program in 2005. | 2016 | 26551447 |
| downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‑19 induced by respiratory syncytial viral infection affects the interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. | the present study was designed to examine the expression and function of matrix metalloproteinase‑19 (mmp‑19), which is downregulated following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the diverse expression levels of mmp were examined using a designed cdna expression array. the expression and secretion of mmp‑19 was examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt‑qpcr) analysis and elisa, respectively. the proliferation of epithelial cells and lung fibroblast ... | 2016 | 26548962 |
| cotton rat immune responses to virus-like particles containing the pre-fusion form of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | virus-like particles (vlps) based on newcastle disease virus (ndv) core proteins, m and np, and containing two chimera proteins, f/f and h/g, composed of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) and glycoprotein (g) ectodomains fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the ndv f and hn proteins, respectively, stimulate durable, protective anti-rsv neutralizing antibodies in mice. furthermore, immunization of mice with a vlp containing a f/f chimera protein with modifi ... | 2015 | 26541285 |
| molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in the philippines, 2012-2013. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children worldwide. we performed molecular analysis of hrsv among infants and children with clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia in four study sites in the philippines, including biliran, leyte, palawan, and metro manila from june 2012 to july 2013. nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and screened for hrsv using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). positive samples were te ... | 2015 | 26540236 |
| maternal high-fat hypercaloric diet during pregnancy results in persistent metabolic and respiratory abnormalities in offspring. | we have shown in a previous population-based study significant correlation between childhood asthma and early abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism. this study's specific aim was to determine whether maternal nutrition in pregnancy affects postnatal metabolic and respiratory outcomes in the offspring. | 2016 | 26539661 |
| priming of the respiratory tract with immunobiotic lactobacillus plantarum limits infection of alveolar macrophages with recombinant pneumonia virus of mice (rk2-pvm). | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is a natural rodent pathogen that replicates in bronchial epithelial cells and reproduces many clinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of disease associated with human respiratory syncytial virus. in order to track virus-target cell interactions during acute infection in vivo, we developed rk2-pvm, bacterial artificial chromosome-based recombinant pvm strain j3666 that incorporates the fluorescent tag monomeric katushka 2 (mkate2). the rk2-pvm pa ... | 2015 | 26537680 |
| a gene deletion that up-regulates viral gene expression yields an attenuated rsv vaccine with improved antibody responses in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe pediatric respiratory illness, and a safe and effective vaccine for use in infancy and early childhood is needed. we previously showed that deletion of the coding sequence for the viral m2-2 protein (δm2-2) down-regulated viral rna replication and up-regulated gene transcription and antigen synthesis, raising the possibility of development of an attenuated vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity. rsv medi δm2-2 was therefore eva ... | 2015 | 26537255 |
| intranasal immunisation with recombinant adenovirus vaccines protects against a lethal challenge with pneumonia virus of mice. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) infection of balb/c mice induces bronchiolitis leading to a fatal pneumonia in a dose-dependent manner, closely paralleling the development of severe disease during human respiratory syncytial virus infection in man, and is thus a recognised model in which to study the pathogenesis of pneumoviruses. this model system was used to investigate delivery of the internal structural proteins of pvm as a potential vaccination strategy to protect against pneumovirus disease. ... | 2015 | 26529077 |
| ficus religiosa l. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro. | ficus religiosa l. is one of the most relevant members of the family of moraceae. it is the most sacred tree of south asia, and it is used in traditional ayurvedic and unani medicine to cure respiratory disorders like cough, wheezing and asthma. some studies were performed to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of f. religiosa bark, leaves and fruit extracts but none of them tested their antiviral activity against viruses responsible for the exacerbation of wheezing and asthma. | 2015 | 26528588 |
| etiology of community acquired pneumonia among children in india: prospective, cohort study. | childhood community acquired pneumonia (cap) is a significant problem in developing countries, and confirmation of microbial etiology is important for individual, as well as public health. however, there is paucity of data from a large cohort, examining multiple biological specimens for diverse pathogens (bacteria and viruses). the community acquired pneumonia etiology study (capes) was designed to address this knowledge gap. | 2015 | 26528392 |
| respiratory infectious phenotypes in acute exacerbation of copd: an aid to length of stay and copd assessment test. | to investigate the respiratory infectious phenotypes and their impact on length of stay (los) and the copd assessment test (cat) scale in acute exacerbation of copd (aecopd). | 2015 | 26527871 |
| the role of host genetic factors in respiratory tract infectious diseases: systematic review, meta-analyses and field synopsis. | host genetic factors have frequently been implicated in respiratory infectious diseases, often with inconsistent results in replication studies. we identified 386 studies from the total of 24,823 studies identified in a systematic search of four bibliographic databases. we performed meta-analyses of studies on tuberculosis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, sars-coronavirus and pneumonia. one single-nucleotide polymorphism from il4 gene was significant for pooled respiratory infections (rs ... | 2015 | 26524966 |
| etiology and outcome of diffuse acute infectious bronchiolitis in adults. | the etiology and outcome of diffuse acute infectious bronchiolitis (daib) in adults is not well known. | 2015 | 26524622 |
| effects of oral meloxicam administration to beef cattle receiving lipopolysaccharide administration or vaccination against respiratory pathogens. | this study evaluated the effects of oral meloxicam administration on metabolic, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses of beef cattle receiving a lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge (exp. 1; d -1 to 6) or vaccinated against respiratory pathogens (exp. 2; d 7 to 21). twenty-one angus steers ( = 11) and heifers ( = 10) were housed in individual pens on d -15 and were offered free-choice water, mineral-vitamin mix, and hay until d 21. in exp. 1, cattle were ranked on d -1 by sex and bw and assigned ... | 2015 | 26523594 |
| [the level of rorγt increases in rat lung tissues of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus]. | to study the level of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (rorγt) in rat lung tissues of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its implication. | 2015 | 26522358 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with acute leukemia: a retrospective survey of the japanese pediatric leukemia/lymphoma study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause life-threatening complications of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young children with malignancies, but reports remain limited. we performed a retrospective nationwide survey to clarify the current status of rsv disease among infants with hematological malignancies. clinical course, treatment, and outcome of patients with hematological malignancies who suffered from rsv infections at the age of <24 months during anti-tumor therapy from apri ... | 2015 | 26520649 |
| human coronaviruses in severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases in southwest india. | acute viral respiratory infections (avri) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups globally. except for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, mostly viral aetiology of avri remains undiagnosed. lately, human coronaviruses (hcovs) have emerged as an important aetiology of avri. a laboratory based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in which respiratory samples (throat swabs) of patients (n = 864), with influenza negative sari, of all age groups ... | 2016 | 26512711 |
| the preventive effect of vaccine prophylaxis on severe respiratory syncytial virus infection: a meta-analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the key underlying cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants; however, no licensed vaccine against rsv infection is currently available. this study was undertaken to assess the preventive effect of vaccine on rsv infection. in this metaanalysis, 1,792 published randomized clinical trials of rsv vaccines from jan 1973 to sep 2015 were examined. among thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria, eleven studies estimated the impact of rsv ... | 2015 | 26511990 |
| respiratory syncytial virus trials and beyond. | 2015 | 26511957 | |
| efficacy of motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in healthy native american infants: a phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody (motavizumab) in healthy term (≥36 weeks' gestational age) infants for the prevention of medically attended rsv acute lower respiratory tract infections. | 2015 | 26511956 |
| safety and immunogenicity of novel respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines based on the rsv viral proteins f, n and m2-1 encoded by simian adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and mva (mva-rsv); protocol for an open-label, dose-escalation, single-centre, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes respiratory disease throughout life, with infants and the elderly at risk of severe disease and death. rsv001 is a phase 1 (first-in-man), open-label, dose-escalation, clinical trial of novel genetic viral-vectored vaccine candidates panad3-rsv and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)-rsv. the objective of rsv001 is to characterise the (primary objective) safety and (secondary objective) immunogenicity of these vaccines in healthy younger and ol ... | 2015 | 26510727 |
| where are we with rsv prophylaxis? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a predictable, seasonal disease with significant morbidity and mortality in children below 24 months. prophylaxis, which decreases hospitalisation in those most vulnerable to the disease, has been available since 1998. pharmacological prophylaxis is however, expensive and requires good infrastructure to deliver. it is out of reach for many patients in low-income and middle-income countries where mortality is highest. this article looks at the pathophysiology ... | 2016 | 26510447 |
| application of rt-bst to enhance detection of pathogenic viruses of the respiratory tract. | inefficiency of rt-pcr can be associated with the suboptimal process of reverse transcription as only 40-80% of rna is converted to cdna. we employed a novel method, rt-bst, to enrich the concentration of cdna for subsequent multiplex pcr detection of selected rna viruses. the rt-bst method amplifies cdna through reverse transcription of viral rna using reverse transcriptase and amplification of cdna using bst dna polymerase. viral rna was extracted from 25 nasopharyngeal samples for detection o ... | 2015 | 26510269 |
| pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: report of three cases. | spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually secondary to alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis. the leaked air into the pulmonary perivascular interstitium follows the path of least resistance from the mediastinum to the fascial planes of the neck. air freely communicates via the neural foramina and collects in the epidural space. pneumorrhachis is defined as the presenc ... | 2015 | 26508192 |
| eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis in a cohort of children with severe bronchiolitis. | in 2014, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) updated their recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis for children who are at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. to investigate the potential impact of the more restrictive 2014 criteria on the eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis, we applied the 2012 and 2014 aap recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis to a multicenter cohort of 2207 us children hospitalized for bronchiolitis. according to the 2012 aap r ... | 2015 | 26508190 |
| virus type and genomic load in acute bronchiolitis: severity and treatment response with inhaled adrenaline. | acute bronchiolitis frequently causes infant hospitalization. studies on different viruses or viral genomic load and disease severity or treatment effect have had conflicting results. we aimed to investigate whether the presence or concentration of individual or multiple viruses were associated with disease severity in acute bronchiolitis and to evaluate whether detected viruses modified the response to inhaled racemic adrenaline. | 2016 | 26508124 |
| recent advances in the development of subunit-based rsv vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. rsv also causes serious illness in elderly populations, immunocompromised patients and individuals with pulmonary or cardiac problems. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with rsv infection have prompted interest in rsv vaccine development. in the 1960s, a formalin-inactivated vaccine trial failed to protect children, and indeed enhanced patholog ... | 2016 | 26506139 |
| incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults in rural thailand, 2006-2011: implications for pneumococcal vaccine considerations. | the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults is a key driver for the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine used among children. we sought to obtain more accurate incidence estimates among adults by including results of pneumococcal urine antigen testing (uat) from population-based pneumonia surveillance in two thai provinces. active surveillance from 2006 to 2011 identified acute lower respiratory infection (alri)-related hospital admissions. adult cases of pneumococcal pn ... | 2015 | 26503277 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence in murine macrophages impairs ifn-β response but not synthesis. | type-i interferon (ifn-i) production is an early response to viral infection and pathogenic viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade this cellular defense. some viruses can establish and maintain persistent infections by altering the ifn-i signaling pathway. here, we studied ifn-i synthesis and response in an in vitro model of persistent infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a murine macrophage-like cell line. in this model, interferon regulatory factor 3 was constitutively ... | 2015 | 26501312 |
| modeling the potential impact of the 2014 american academy of pediatrics respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis guidance on preterm infant rsv outcomes. | the american academy of pediatrics (aap) committee on infectious diseases issued updated guidance on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in 2014. this report models the potential impact of the new guidance on rsv outcomes in preterm infants 29-34 weeks' gestational age (wga) without chronic lung disease in the united states. | 2015 | 26499122 |
| modelling estimates of the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults and the elderly in the united kingdom. | growing evidence suggests respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory disease in adults. however, the adult burden remains largely uncharacterized as most rsv studies focus on children, and population-based studies with laboratory-confirmation of infection are difficult to implement. indirect modelling methods, long used for influenza, can further our understanding of rsv burden by circumventing some limitations of traditional surveillance studies that rely on direct l ... | 2015 | 26497750 |
| incidence of viral respiratory infections in a prospective cohort of outpatient and hospitalized children aged ≤5 years and its associated cost in buenos aires, argentina. | although information about the incidence of viral respiratory illnesses and their associated cost can help health officials explore the value of interventions, data are limited from middle-income countries. | 2015 | 26497393 |
| respiratory syncytial virus coinfections with rhinovirus and human bocavirus in hospitalized children. | it is not clearly established if coinfections are more severe than single viral respiratory infections.the aim of the study was to study and to compare simple infections and viral coinfections of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized children.from september 2005 to august 2013, a prospective study was conducted on children younger than 14 years of age, admitted with respiratory infection to the pediatric department of the severo ochoa hospital, in spain. specimens of nasopharyngeal a ... | 2015 | 26496310 |
| murine norovirus (mnv-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. | ribavirin is a pharmaceutical antiviral used for the treatment of rna virus infections including norovirus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus, lassa virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. despite the drug's history and documented efficacy, the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin remains unclear. mechanisms proposed include depletion of the intracellular gtp pool, immunomodulatory effects, induction of error catastrophe, inhibition of viral polymerase activity, and/or inhibition of v ... | 2016 | 26494169 |
| mip-1α level in nasopharyngeal aspirates at the first wheezing episode predicts recurrent wheezing. | respiratory virus-induced wheezing, such as that induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human rhinovirus, is an important risk factor for recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. however, no biomarkers for predicting recurrent wheezing have been identified. | 2016 | 26494023 |
| maternal effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection during pregnancy. | given the illness and deaths caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during the first year of life, preventing infant rsv infections through maternal vaccination is intriguing. however, little is known about the extent and maternal effects of rsv infection during pregnancy. we describe 3 cases of maternal rsv infection diagnosed at a us center during winter 2014. case-patient 1 (26 years old, week 33 of gestation) received a diagnosis of rsv infection and required mechanical ventil ... | 2015 | 26485575 |
| [distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and its relationship with clinical features in children with community-acquired pneumonia]. | to study the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in different genders, age groups and seasons in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and the relationship between the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and clinical features. | 2015 | 26483223 |
| interference between respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in respiratory tract infections in children. | an acute viral respiratory tract infection might prevent infections by other viruses because of the antiviral innate immune response. however, with the use of pcr methods, simultaneous detection of two or more respiratory viruses is frequent. we analysed the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the occurrence of simultaneous rhinovirus (rv) infection in children within a birth cohort study setting. we used pcr for virus detection in nasal swabs collected from children with an ... | 2016 | 26482269 |
| genes associated with rsv lower respiratory tract infection and asthma: the application of genetic epidemiological methods to understand causality. | infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lris) are at increased risk for childhood asthma. the objectives of this article are to review the genes associated with both rsv lri and asthma, review analytic approaches to assessing shared genetic risk and propose a future perspective on how these approaches can help us to understand the role of infant rsv infection as both an important risk factor for asthma and marker of shared genetic etiology between the t ... | 2015 | 26478738 |
| differential neutrophil activation in viral infections: enhanced tlr-7/8-mediated cxcl8 release in asthma. | respiratory viral infections are a major cause of asthma exacerbations. neutrophils accumulate in the airways and the mechanisms that link neutrophilic inflammation, viral infections and exacerbations are unclear. this study aims to investigate anti-viral responses in neutrophils from patients with and without asthma and to investigate if neutrophils can be directly activated by respiratory viruses. | 2016 | 26477783 |
| engineering and expression of a rhoa peptide against respiratory syncytial virus infection in plants. | main conclusion : a rhoa-derived peptide fused to carrier molecules from plants showed enhanced biological activity of in vitro assays against respiratory syncytial virus compared to the rhoa peptide alone or the synthetic rhoa peptide. a rhoa-derived peptide has been reported for over a decade as a potential inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in vitro and in vivo and is anticipated to be a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapy against rsv infectio ... | 2016 | 26474991 |
| phosphorylation of the human respiratory syncytial virus p protein mediates m2-2 regulation of viral rna synthesis, a process that involves two p proteins. | the m2-2 protein regulates the balance between human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) transcription and replication. here it is shown that m2-2 mediated transcriptional inhibition is managed through p protein phosphorylation. transcription inhibition by m2-2 of the hrsv based minigenome prsvluc, required p protein phosphorylation at serines (s) in positions 116, 117, 119 and increased inhibition is observed if s232 or s237 is also phosphorylated. phosphorylation of these residues is required f ... | 2016 | 26474524 |
| layer-by-layer nanoparticle vaccines carrying the g protein cx3c motif protect against rsv infection and disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in young children; however no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. previous studies have shown that therapeutic treatment with a monoclonal antibody (clone 131-2g) specific to the rsv g glycoprotein cx3c motif, mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking to the lungs of rsv-infected mice. in this study, we show that vaccination with layer-by-layer ... | 2015 | 26473935 |
| respiratory syncytial virus disease is mediated by age-variable il-33. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations and severe rsv infections are a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for rsv induced immunopathophysiology remain elusive. using an age-appropriate mouse model of rsv, we show that il-33 plays a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of severe rsv, which is associated with higher group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ilc2s) specifically in neonates. infection with rsv in ... | 2015 | 26473724 |