Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil, during 2001-2010. | rabies is one of the most known lethal zoonosis, responsible for 55,000 human deaths per year. it is transmitted to humans mainly by the bite of domestic or wild animals infected with the virus. this paper shows the circulation of this virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2012 | 22534988 |
| vascular mineralization in the brain of horses. | vascular mineralization (siderocalcinosis) in the brain of horses has been usually assumed to be an incidental age-related finding with no clinic significance. in the present study, eight 15-32-year-old horses of different breeds with cerebral siderocalcinosis were studied. four of these horses had acute and severe central nervous system clinical signs of unknown etiology, 2 horses had neurological signs of known cause, and 2 horses did not have neurological signs. gross examination of the brain ... | 2012 | 22529137 |
| phylogenetic analysis of partial rna-polymerase blocks ii and iii of rabies virus isolated from the main rabies reservoirs in brazil. | this study describes the results of the sequencing and analysis of segments of blocks ii and iii of the rna polymerase l gene of rabies virus isolates from different reservoir species of brazil. the phylogenetic relations of the virus were determined and a variety of species-specific nucleotides were found in the analyzed areas, but the majority of these mutations were found to be synonymous. however, an analysis of the putative amino acid sequences were shown to have some characteristic mutatio ... | 2012 | 22528640 |
| antiretroviral therapy interruptions result in loss of protective humoral immunity to neoantigens in hiv-infected individuals. | sustained antiretroviral therapy (art)-mediated viral suppression restores responses to vaccination in hiv-1-infected individuals. as art interruption occur frequently in resource-constrained settings, we studied their effects on the ability to mount humoral immune responses against a neoantigen. | 2012 | 22516873 |
| evaluation of an improved rapid neutralizing antibody detection test (rapina) for qualitative and semiquantitative detection of rabies neutralizing antibody in humans and dogs. | using the principle of immunochromatography, we previously developed a method called rapina (rapid neutralizing antibody detection test) that can measure the level of rabies virus -neutralizing antibody (vna) in serum samples [shiota s, mannen k, matsumoto t, yamada k, yasui t, takayama k, et al. development and evaluation of a rapid neutralizing antibody test for rabies. j virol methods 2009;161:58-62]. rapina is faster, simpler, and easier to perform compared with a virus-neutralizing test or ... | 2012 | 22516211 |
| rabies risk assessment of exposures to a bat on a commercial airliner - united states, august 2011. | on august 5, 2011, a bat flew through the cabin of a commercial airliner minutes after takeoff during an early morning flight from wisconsin to georgia, potentially exposing the passengers and flight crew to rabies virus. three days later, the wisconsin division of public health (wdph) requested assistance from cdc to conduct a rabies risk assessment for the passengers, flight crew, and ground crew members associated with the flight. no one was determined to have been exposed to rabies virus bas ... | 2012 | 22495227 |
| extended incubation period of rabies virus in a captive big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus). | rabies virus incubation in bats is typically less than 180 days, yet longer incubation periods have been described. we report a 267-day incubation in a big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) exposed to rabies virus before entering our captive colony. | 2012 | 22493132 |
| black-backed jackal exposure to rabies virus, canine distemper virus, and bacillus anthracis in etosha national park, namibia. | canine distemper virus (cdv) and rabies virus (rabv) occur worldwide in wild carnivore and domestic dog populations and pose threats to wildlife conservation and public health. in etosha national park (enp), namibia, anthrax is endemic and generates carcasses frequently fed on by an unusually dense population of black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas). using serology, phylogenetic analyses (on samples obtained from february 2009-july 2010), and historical mortality records (1975-2011), we assesse ... | 2012 | 22493112 |
| [vaccination against rabies: how and when?]. | each year, more than 55,000 people die from rabies. rabies virus (rabv) is transmitted via bites from infected animals. dogs represent the most important source of infections worldwide. in germany, the last case of terrestrial rabies was reported in 2006. therefore, the country has been considered rabies-free since september 2008 (as defined by world organization of animal health, oie). bat rabies, however, is still endemic and mostly occurs in northern germany. it is caused by the european bat ... | 2012 | 22492414 |
| evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunochromatographic test for direct detection of rabies virus in the brain of humans and animals. | rabies diagnosis uses a direct fluorescent antibody test (fat) that is difficult, costly, and time-consuming, and requires trained personnel. we developed a rapid immunochromatographic test (rict) for the diagnosis of rabies. the efficacy of the rict was compared with that of the fat. brain samples were collected from humans, dogs, cats, and other animals in sri lanka (n = 248), bhutan (n = 27), and thailand (n = 228). the sensitivity (0.74-0.95), specificity (0.98-1.0), positive predictive valu ... | 0 | 22492163 |
| hierarchical connectivity and connection-specific dynamics in the corticospinal-corticostriatal microcircuit in mouse motor cortex. | the generation of purposive movement by mammals involves coordinated activity in the corticospinal and corticostriatal systems, which are involved in different aspects of motor control. in the motor cortex, corticospinal and corticostriatal neurons are closely intermingled, raising the question of whether and how information flows intracortically within and across these two channels. to explore this, we developed an optogenetic technique based on retrograde transfection of neurons with deletion- ... | 2012 | 22492054 |
| a novel disulfide-stabilized single-chain variable antibody fragment against rabies virus g protein with enhanced in vivo neutralizing potency. | rabies is a fatal infectious disease requiring efficient protection provided by post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) with rabies immunoglobulin (rig). the single-chain fv fragment (scfv) is a small engineered antigen binding protein derived from antibody variable heavy (v(h)) and light (v(l)) chains. this novel antibody format may potentially replace the current application of rig to detect and neutralize rabies virus (rv). however, the broad use of scfvs is confined by their generally low stability. ... | 2012 | 22484084 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of human rabies cases in bali 2008-2010. | previously thought to be rabies free, bali experienced an outbreak of animal and human rabies cases in november 2008. we describe the epidemiological and clinical data of human rabies cases occurring in the first two years of the outbreak. | 2012 | 22471410 |
| assessment of inactivated human rabies vaccines: biochemical characterization and genetic identification of virus strains. | the world health organization (who) recommends the periodic evaluation of the purity of the cell lines used in the production of rabies vaccines, as well as the antigenic identity of the virus strains. here, we analyzed seventeen marketed inactivated human rabies virus vaccines for viral and non-viral proteins by sds-page and coomassie/silver staining. mass spectrometric analysis of an abundant 60-70 kda signal indicated that in most vaccines serum albumin of human origin (hsa) was the major com ... | 2012 | 22469862 |
| stability of vaccinia-vectored recombinant oral rabies vaccine under field conditions: a 3-year study. | rabies is an incurable zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus, a member of the rhabdovirus family. it is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. control methods, including oral rabies vaccination (orv) programs, have led to a reduction in the spread and prevalence of the disease in wildlife. this study evaluated the stability of raboral, a recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine that is used in oral rabies vaccination programs. the vaccine was studied in various field microenvironments i ... | 2011 | 22468025 |
| generation of a live rabies vaccine strain attenuated by multiple mutations and evaluation of its safety and efficacy. | an amino acid substitution at position 333 in rabies virus g protein is known to determine the pathogenicity: strains with arg or lys at that position kill adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas strains with other amino acids cause non-lethal infection. based on those findings, attenuated rabies virus strains have been established and used for oral vaccines mainly for wild animals. however, considering the possibility of back-mutation to the virulent phenotype, a strain that is atte ... | 2012 | 22464967 |
| typing of the rabies virus in chile, 2002-2008. | in chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. this study aimed to determine the rabies virus (rabv) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. a total of 612 rabv isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (n-mabs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. typing of the isolates revealed six dif ... | 2012 | 22458941 |
| bacillus atrophaeus inactivated spores as a potential adjuvant for veterinary rabies vaccine. | rabies is a viral encephalitis, nearly always fatal, but preventable through vaccines. rabid animal bite is the prime transmission act, while veterinary vaccination is one of the best strategies for rabies general prevention. aluminum compounds and saponin are the commercial adjuvants used for this vaccine nowadays. nevertheless, aluminum compounds can provoke undesired side effects and saponin has a narrow activity range without toxicity. b. atrophaeus inactivated spores (bais), with or without ... | 2012 | 22449426 |
| detection of antibodies against the rabies virus in korean raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). | rabies has been reported in dogs, cattle, and raccoon dogs in korea, especially in the provinces of gyeonggi and gangwon. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of the rabies in wild korean raccoon dogs by using 50 blood samples collected in gyeonggi and gangwon provinces. antibodies against rabies were measured by using a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test. of the 50 blood samples tested, 20 raccoon dogs (40%) tested positive. seropositive animals were distribut ... | 2012 | 22448528 |
| new rabies virus found in tanzania. | 2012 | 22447786 | |
| rvg peptide as transfection reagent for specific cdk4 gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. | the rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) peptide is known as a transfection reagent for systemic delivery of small interfering rna (sirna) into the brain. however, selective transfection of neuronal cells or specific brain regions remains a problem. in the present study, we show that the rvg peptide can efficiently be used as shuttle system to transfect neuronal cells with cdk4 sirna leading to selective knockdown of cdk4 expression in vitro and in vivo. after transfection, cdk4 expression was reduce ... | 2012 | 22443811 |
| the 3' untranslated region of the rabies virus glycoprotein mrna specifically interacts with cellular pcbp2 protein and promotes transcript stability. | viral polymerase entry and pausing at intergenic junctions is predicted to lead to a defined polarity in the levels of rhabdovirus gene expression. interestingly, we observed that the rabies virus glycoprotein mrna is differentially over-expressed based on this model relative to other transcripts during infection of 293t cells. during infection, the rabies virus glycoprotein mrna also selectively interacts with the cellular poly(rc)-binding protein 2 (pcbp2), a factor known to influence mrna sta ... | 2012 | 22438951 |
| exposure to rabies virus in a population of free-ranging capuchin monkeys (cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected area in southeastern brazil. | the aim of this study is to assess the frequency of rabies antibodies in free-ranging capuchin monkeys (cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected, rural area of southeastern brazil. thirty-six free-ranging monkeys were tested by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for detection of antibodies against rabies virus. four individuals (11.11 %) had neutralizing antibody titers ≥ 0.25 iu/ml, demonstrating rabies virus exposure. | 2012 | 22430558 |
| exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the serengeti ecosystem. | knowledge of infection reservoir dynamics is critical for effective disease control, but identifying reservoirs of multi-host pathogens is challenging. here, we synthesize several lines of evidence to investigate rabies reservoirs in complex carnivore communities of the serengeti ecological region in northwest tanzania, where the disease has been confirmed in 12 carnivore species.long-term monitoring data suggest that rabies persists in high-density domestic dog canis familiaris populations (> 1 ... | 2008 | 22427710 |
| preparation and initial application of a monoclonal antibody specific for a newly discovered conserved linear epitope of rabies virus nucleoprotein. | to prepare monoclonal antibodies against a newly discovered and conserved linear epitope of rabies virus nucleoprotein and to use them in a rabies diagnostic test. | 2012 | 22424633 |
| pathological, immunological and molecular diagnosis of rabies in clinically suspected animals of different species using four detection techniques in jordan. | a total of 29 brain tissue samples (bts) were examined for rabies infection by different diagnostic techniques. none of the examined brain tissues were presented as a whole intact brain. twenty-seven brain tissue samples from various animal species - dog (13 cases), cat (one case), fox (one case), pig (one case), cow (three cases), sheep (two cases), goat (one case), camel (one case), horse (one case) and donkey (three cases) - were provided by the vaccine and sera department/al-bashir central h ... | 2011 | 22390575 |
| the other rabies viruses: the emergence and importance of lyssaviruses from bats and other vertebrates. | the recognition that viruses related to rabies virus cause rabies in humans has stimulated research into the relationships, geographic distribution and natural histories of these viruses. this paper reviews what is known of these fascinating viruses and the complexity of prevention and treatment of the disease they cause. | 2012 | 22386761 |
| tacaribe virus causes fatal infection of an ostensible reservoir host, the jamaican fruit bat. | tacaribe virus (tcrv) was first isolated from 11 artibeus species bats captured in trinidad in the 1950s during a rabies virus surveillance program. despite significant effort, no evidence of infection of other mammals, mostly rodents, was found, suggesting that no other vertebrates harbored tcrv. for this reason, it was hypothesized that tcrv was naturally hosted by artibeus bats. this is in stark contrast to other arenaviruses with known hosts, all of which are rodents. to examine this hypothe ... | 2012 | 22379103 |
| endemic lagos bat virus infection in eidolon helvum. | phylogenetic analyses suggest lyssaviruses, including rabies virus, originated from bats. however, the role of bats in the maintenance, transmission and evolution of lyssaviruses is poorly understood. a number of genetically diverse lyssaviruses are present in africa, including lagos bat virus (lbv). a high seroprevalence of antibodies against lbv was detected in eidolon helvum bats. longitudinal seroprevalence and age-specific seroprevalence data were analysed and capture-mark-recapture (cmr) a ... | 2012 | 22370126 |
| first human rabies case in french guiana, 2008: epidemiological investigation and control. | until 2008, human rabies had never been reported in french guiana. on 28 may 2008, the french national reference center for rabies (institut pasteur, paris) confirmed the rabies diagnosis, based on hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction on skin biopsy and saliva specimens from a guianan, who had never travelled overseas and died in cayenne after presenting clinically typical meningoencephalitis. | 2012 | 22363830 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test strip for detection of rabies virus in dog saliva samples. | an immunochromatographic test strip for rabies virus was evaluated with dog saliva samples. the test was initially validated against 237 dogs of known infection status, and then evaluated in the field with 1,290 live dogs. by validation of paired saliva-brain specimens obtained from dogs at necropsy, the saliva strip test was 94.4% specific and 93.0% sensitive when compared to the gold standard fluorescent antibody test (fat) on brain smears. the sensitivity and specificity of a nested polymeras ... | 2011 | 22362801 |
| molecular and cellular aspects of rhabdovirus entry. | rhabdoviruses enter the cell via the endocytic pathway and subsequently fuse with a cellular membrane within the acidic environment of the endosome. both receptor recognition and membrane fusion are mediated by a single transmembrane viral glycoprotein (g). fusion is triggered via a low-ph induced structural rearrangement. g is an atypical fusion protein as there is a ph-dependent equilibrium between its pre- and post-fusion conformations. the elucidation of the atomic structures of these two co ... | 2012 | 22355455 |
| rabies virus distribution in tissues and molecular characterization of strains from naturally infected non-hematophagous bats. | bats are main reservoirs for lyssavirus worldwide, which is an important public health issue because it constitutes one of the big challenges in rabies control. yet, little is known about how the virus is maintained among bats, and the epidemiological relationships remain poorly understood. the aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of the rabies virus (rabv) in bat tissues and organs and to genetically characterize virus isolates from naturally infected non-hematophagous b ... | 2012 | 22349147 |
| hsp70 protein positively regulates rabies virus infection. | the hsp70 chaperone plays a central role in multiple processes within cells, including protein translation, folding, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. this protein is implicated in the replication of numerous viruses. we have shown that rabies virus infection induced the cellular expression of hsp70, which accumulated in negri body-like structures, where viral transcription and replication take place. in addition, hsp70 is present in both nucleocapsids purified from infected cells and ... | 2012 | 22345440 |
| a role for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the regulation of cd8(+) t cell responses to rabies virus. | inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in altering the innate and adaptive arms of immune responses. here, we analyzed the effect of gm-csf on a rabv-vaccine vector co-expressing hiv-1 gag. to this end, we immunized mice with rabv expressing hiv-1 gag and gm-csf and analyzed the primary and recall cd8(+) t cell responses. we observed a statistically significant increase in antigen presenting cells (apcs) in the spleen and draining lymph nodes in response to gm-csf. despite the increase i ... | 2012 | 22341782 |
| [surveillance on the etiology and genetic characteristics of rabies in hunan province, from 2008 to 2009]. | to analyze the etiology of rabies in hunan province and the genetic characteristics of rabies n gene isolated from 2008 to 2009. | 2011 | 22333083 |
| a strategy to simultaneously eradicate the natural reservoirs of rabies and ebola virus. | the efficacy of a recombinant live-attenuated or chemically inactivated bivalent vaccine against rabies virus (rabv) and ebola virus (ebov) infection was evaluated in a lethal mouse model of infection. the vaccines were derived from the live-attenuated street alabama dufferin b19 rabv platform already approved for veterinary use, where intramuscular, intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of the recombinant vaccines were avirulent in adult mice. significant levels of serum rabv- and ebov- ... | 2012 | 22309665 |
| recovery of a patient from clinical rabies--california, 2011. | in may 2011, a girl aged 8 years from a rural county in california was brought to a local emergency department (ed) with a 1-week history of progressive sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and weakness. after she developed flaccid paralysis and encephalitis, rabies was diagnosed based on 1) detection of rabies virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), 2) a compatible clinical syndrome in the patient, and 3) absence of a likely alternative diagnosis. the patient received a ... | 2012 | 22298301 |
| withdrawn. tracking the footprints of the rabies virus: are we any closer to decoding this elusive virus? | 2012 | 22272386 | |
| [analysis on nucleoprotein gene sequence of 25 rabies virus isolates in guizhou province, china]. | to analyze 25 nucleoprotein gene (n gene) sequences of rabies viruses circulating in guizhou province during 2005-2010, china, and to explore the epidemic characteristics and the probable mutant of rabies in guizhou province. rabies virus rna in human brain tissues, human saliva, and domestic dog brain tissues derived from different prefectures of guizhou province were detected with rt-nested pcr, and the amplified products were then sequenced. bioinformatics software was used to determine the g ... | 2011 | 22263267 |
| serial passage of a street rabies virus in mouse neuroblastoma cells resulted in attenuation: potential role of the additional n-glycosylation of a viral glycoprotein in the reduced pathogenicity of street rabies virus. | street rabies viruses are field isolates known to be highly neurotropic. however, the viral elements related to their pathogenicity have yet to be identified at the nucleotide or amino acid level. here, through 30 passages in mouse neuroblastoma na cells, we have established an attenuated variant of street rabies virus strain 1088, originating from a rabid woodchuck followed by 2 passages in the brains of suckling mice. the variant, 1088-n30, was well adapted to na cells and highly attenuated in ... | 2012 | 22248643 |
| comparing onrab® and raboral v-rg® oral rabies vaccine field performance in raccoons and striped skunks, new brunswick, canada, and maine, usa. | control of rabies in mesocarnivore reservoirs through oral rabies vaccination (orv) requires an effective vaccine bait. oral rabies vaccine performance in the field may be affected by a variety of factors, including vaccine bait density and distribution pattern, habitat, target species population density, and the availability of competing foods. a field study in which these covariates were restricted as much as possible was conducted along the international border of the state of maine (me), usa ... | 2012 | 22247384 |
| contact with domestic dogs increases pathogen exposure in endangered african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | infectious diseases have contributed to the decline and local extinction of several wildlife species, including african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). mitigating such disease threats is challenging, partly because uncertainty about disease dynamics makes it difficult to identify the best management approaches. serious impacts on susceptible populations most frequently occur when generalist pathogens are maintained within populations of abundant (often domestic) "reservoir" hosts, and spill over into ... | 2012 | 22238695 |
| post-exposure treatment with the live-attenuated rabies virus (rv) vaccine trigas triggers the clearance of wild-type rv from the cns through the rapid induction of genes relevant to adaptive immunity in cns tissues. | post-exposure treatment (pet) of wild-type rabies virus (rv)-infected mice with the live-attenuated triple glycoprotein rv variant (trigas) promotes survival but does not prevent the pathogenic rv from invading and replicating in the brain. successful pet is associated with the induction of a robust virus-neutralizing antibody response and clearance of the wild-type rv from brain tissues. comparison of the transcriptomes of normal mouse brain with those of wild-type rv-infected mice that had rec ... | 2012 | 22238315 |
| lack of robust lgn label following transneuronal rabies virus injections into macaque area v4. | in primates, retinal inputs are relayed through the magno- and parvocells of the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) indirectly to extrastriate visual cortex. the most direct pathway identified to the extrastriate cortex is a disynaptic one that provides robust magno- and parvocellular inputs to the middle temporal area (mt). the inclusion of parvocells in this projection is somewhat surprising because of their importance for color and form vision, whereas mt is more strictly tuned to velocity. thi ... | 2012 | 22237967 |
| targeted delivery of proteins into the central nervous system mediated by rabies virus glycoprotein-derived peptide. | delivery of therapeutic proteins across the blood-brain barrier (bbb) is severely limited by their size and biochemical properties. here we showed that a 39-amino acid peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein (rdp) was exploited as an efficient protein carrier for brain-targeting delivery. | 2012 | 22231987 |
| molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in brazil. | rabies is an important zoonosis that causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. although the terrestrial cycle, mainly transmitted by dogs, is controlled in brazil, the aerial cycle remains a serious public health issue, besides the economic problem. in the aerial cycle, the haematophagous bat desmodus rotundus is the main source of infection, where several different species of non-haematophagous bats can be infected and can transmit the virus. | 2011 | 22231241 |
| imported human rabies - new jersey, 2011. | on july 8, 2011, the new jersey department of health and senior services (njdhss) contacted cdc about possible rabies in a hospitalized haitian woman aged 73 years. rabies was included in the differential diagnosis because she had acute, progressive encephalitis of unknown etiology. no history of animal exposure had been reported at the time of hospitalization. on july 18, cdc confirmed rabies virus infection, later identified as a canine rabies virus variant present in haiti. the patient's neur ... | 2012 | 22217622 |
| highly efficient method of preparing human catalytic antibody light chains and their biological characteristics. | the ultimate goal of catalytic antibody research is to develop new patient therapies that use the advantages offered by human catalytic antibodies. the establishment of a high-throughput method for obtaining valuable candidate catalytic antibodies must be accelerated to achieve this objective. in this study, based on our concept that we can find antibody light chains with a high probability of success if they include a serine protease-like catalytic triad composed of ser, his, and asp on a varia ... | 2011 | 22205784 |
| prevalence of antibody against rabies among confined, free-roaming and stray dogs in a transit city of nigeria. | the prevalence of anti-glycoprotein antibodies against rabies virus is studied in the sera of confined, free-roaming and stray dogs in ilorin, the capital city of kwara state, nigeria. a quantitative indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (i-elisa) was used to detect rabies virus anti-glycoprotein antibodies in sera from 116 confined, 61 free-roaming, and 13 stray dogs. the sera were collected between june and december 2008 from apparently healthy dogs. of these 190 dogs, 81 (42.6%), consis ... | 2011 | 22194227 |
| differentiation of the seven major lyssavirus species by oligonucleotide microarray. | an oligonucleotide microarray, lyssachip, has been developed and verified as a highly specific diagnostic tool for differentiation of the 7 major lyssavirus species. as with conventional typing microarray methods, the lyssachip relies on sequence differences in the 371-nucleotide region coding of the nucleoprotein. this region was amplified using nested rt-pcr primers binding to the 7 major lyssaviruses. the lyssachip includes 57 pairs of species-typing and corresponding control oligonucleotide ... | 2011 | 22189108 |
| a novel neuroprotective therapy for parkinson's disease using a viral noncoding rna that protects mitochondrial complex i activity. | parkinson's disease (pd) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. the etiology of this cell loss is unknown, but it involves abnormalities in mitochondrial function. in this study, we have demonstrated that the administration of a novel noncoding p137 rna, derived from the human cytomegaloviral β2.7 transcript, can prevent and rescue dopaminergic cell death in vitro and in animal models of pd by protecting mitochondrial complex i activity. furth ... | 2011 | 22184634 |
| novel sylvatic rabies virus variant in endangered golden palm civet, sri lanka. | information is scarce about sylvatic rabies virus in asia and about rabies in palm civets. we report a novel sylvatic rabies virus variant detected in a golden palm civet in sri lanka. evolutionary analysis suggests the virus diverged from canine rabies viruses in sri lanka in ≈1933 (range 1886-1963). | 2011 | 22172202 |
| pathology associated with a human case of rabies in the united kingdom caused by european bat lyssavirus type-2. | human infection with the rabies-related virus european bat lyssavirus type-2 (eblv-2) has only been reported on two occasions. here we report the pathology observed within spinal cord and visceral tissues associated with eblv-2 infection for the first time. neuronal labelling with an anti-rabies nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody was observed and appeared indistinguishable from the labelling reported from human infection with rabies virus. © 2011 crown copyright. published by s. karger ag, basel. | 2011 | 22142887 |
| Enhanced Expression of Rabies Virus Surface G-Protein in Escherichia coli using SUMO Fusion. | Fusion systems are known to increase the expression of difficult to express recombinant proteins in soluble form to facilitate their purification. Rabies glycoprotein was also tough to express at sufficient level in soluble form in both E. coli and plant. The present work was aimed to over-express and purify this membrane protein from soluble extract of E. coli. Fusion of Small Ubiqutin like Modifier (SUMO) with rabies glycoprotein increased ~1.5 fold higher expression and ~3.0 fold solubility i ... | 2012 | 22134654 |
| [Risk model to assess livestock rabies exposure in the state of São Paulo, Brazil]. | To propose a qualitative risk assessment model for the study of livestock exposure to rabies virus from the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (antigenic variant 3) in the Paraíba do Sul river valley, state of São Paulo, Brazil. | 2011 | 22124696 |
| gene expression analysis of host innate immune responses in the central nervous system following lethal cvs-11 infection in mice. | the central nervous system (cns) tissue of mice infected with the cvs-11 strain of rabies virus (rabv) was subjected to gene expression analysis using microarray and canonical pathway analyses. genes associated with innate immunity as well as inflammatory responses were significantly up-regulated, corroborating with the previous findings obtained using attenuated viruses that did not induce a fatal outcome in infected mice. histopathological examination showed that neurons in the cerebellum ... | 2011 | 22116324 |
| reviewing host proteins of rhabdoviridae: possible leads for lesser studied viruses. | rhabdoviridae, characterized by bullet-shaped viruses, is known for its diverse host range, which includes plants, arthropods, fishes and humans. understanding the viral-host interactions of this family can prove beneficial in developing effective therapeutic strategies. the host proteins interacting with animal rhabdoviruses have been reviewed in this report. several important host proteins commonly interacting with animal rhabdoviruses are being reported, some of which, interestingly, have mo ... | 2011 | 22116291 |
| molecular characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of n gene of human derived rabies virus. | to investigate the relationship between the molecular characteristics and phylogenetic evolution of rabies n gene. | 2011 | 22108333 |
| preliminary evaluation of raboral v-rg® oral rabies vaccine in arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus). | we tested the raboral v-rg® recombinant oral rabies vaccine for its response in arctic foxes (vulpes lagopus), the reservoir of rabies virus in the circumpolar north. the vaccine, which is currently the only licensed oral rabies vaccine in the united states, induced a strong antibody response and protected foxes against a challenge of 500,000 mouse intracerebral lethal dose 50% of an arctic rabies virus variant. however, one unvaccinated control fox survived challenge with rabies virus, either i ... | 2011 | 22102679 |
| rabies in the arctic fox population, svalbard, norway. | arctic foxes, 620 that were trapped and 22 found dead on svalbard, norway (1996-2004), as well as 10 foxes trapped in nenets, north-west russia (1999), were tested for rabies virus antigen in brain tissue by standard direct fluorescent antibody test. rabies antigen was found in two foxes from svalbard and in three from russia. blood samples from 515 of the fox carcasses were screened for rabies antibodies with negative result. our results, together with a previous screening (1980-1989, n=817) in ... | 2011 | 22102665 |
| recent emergence of the arctic rabies virus lineage. | the rabies viruses that circulate in arctic countries and in much of northern and central asia are phylogenetically closely related and collectively referred to as the arctic/arctic-like (al) lineage. the emergence and spread of this lineage is of significant interest given that rabies remains a serious zoonotic disease in many parts of asia, especially in india where the prevalence of dog rabies leads to frequent human exposures and deaths. previous molecular epidemiological studies of rabies v ... | 2011 | 22100340 |
| [Development of SPA-ELISA for detection of antibodies against rabies virus based on expression of main antigenic determinant of nucleoprotein]. | To evaluate the effectiveness of rabies vaccination, we developed the SPA-ELISA method to detect the antibodies against rabies virus (RV) using the main antigenic determinant of nucleoprotein (RV N1) as antigen. The complete Nucleoprotein (N) gene and the partial N1 gene (1 000-1 353 bp) of RV Flury LEP strain were amplified using RT-PCR and PCR approaches. The two fragments were inserted into pGEX-6P-1 respectively. Then we transformed the recombinant plasmids into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) st ... | 2011 | 22097803 |
| [insertion of glycoprotein gene between p and m gene influences the pathogenicity of the rabies virus flury lep]. | to study the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a recombinant rabies virus flury lep (low egg passage) that has two glycoprotein genes (g gene). | 2011 | 22097775 |
| molecular characterization of china rabies virus vaccine strain. | abstract: | 2011 | 22093774 |
| raccoon dog rabies surveillance and post-vaccination monitoring in lithuania 2006 to 2010. | abstract: | 2011 | 22085767 |
| drosophila melanogaster s2 cells for expression of heterologous genes: from gene cloning to bioprocess development. | in the present review we discuss strategies that have been used for heterologous gene expression in drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells using plasmid vectors. since the growth of s2 cells is not dependent on anchorage to solid substrates, these cells can be easily cultured in suspension in large volumes. the factors that most affect the growth and gene expression of s2 cells, namely cell line, cell passage, inoculum concentration, culture medium, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentr ... | 2011 | 22079894 |
| process optimization and scale-up for production of rabies vaccine live adenovirus vector (adrg1.3). | rabies virus is an important causative agent of disease resulting in an acute infection of the nervous system and death. although curable if treated in a timely manner, rabies remains a serious public health issue in developing countries, and the indigenous threat of rabies continues in developed countries because of wildlife reservoirs. control of rabies in wildlife is still an important challenge for governmental authorities. there are a number of rabies vaccines commercially available for con ... | 2012 | 22079076 |
| Evidence for inter- and intra-clade recombinations in rabies virus. | Homologous recombination is considered rare in negative-strand RNA viruses and has not been reported for rabies virus. In this study, full-length genomes of 44 rabies virus strains were analyzed for potential homologous recombination events. Phylogenetic analysis classified these strains into three clades. By applying six different recombination detection methods, one inter-clade and one intra-clade potential recombination events were identified with high confidence values. Software-predicted re ... | 2011 | 22041506 |
| subcellular trafficking in rhabdovirus infection and immune evasion: a novel target for therapeutics. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus (rabv) are the prototypic members of the rhabdovirus family. these viruses have a particularly broad host range, and despite the availability of vaccines, rabv still causes more than 50,000 human deaths a year. trafficking of the virion or viral particles is important at several stages of the replicative life cycle, including cellular entry, localization into the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which primarily house the transcription and replication ... | 2011 | 22034934 |
| rabies in southeast brazil: a change in the epidemiological pattern. | this epidemiological study was conducted using antigenic and genetic characterisation of rabies virus isolates obtained from different animal species in the southeast of brazil from 1993 to 2007. an alteration in the epidemiological profile was observed. one hundred two samples were tested using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies, and 94 were genetically characterised by sequencing the nucleoprotein gene. from 1993 to 1997, antigenic variant 2 (agv-2), related to a rabies virus maintained in ... | 2011 | 22033596 |
| Oral immunisation of mice with a recombinant rabies virus vaccine incorporating the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli in an attenuated Salmonella strain. | To investigate effective new rabies vaccines, a fusion protein consisting of the rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein and the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli (LTB) was successfully constructed and delivered in a live attenuated Salmonella strain LH430. Mice were immunised with LH430 carrying pVAX1-G, pVAX1-G-LTB or pVAX1-ori-G-LTB. The antibody titres of mice immunised with oral LH430 carrying pVAX1-G-LTB or pVAX1-ori-G-LTB were significantly higher than those of pVAX1-G-immunise ... | 2011 | 22019192 |
| changes in microrna expression induced by rabies virus infection in mouse brains. | micrornas (mirnas) are small rna (≈ 22 nt) molecules expressed endogenously in cells. they are involved in the regulation of gene expression. recently, evidence has shown that cellular mirnas have key regulatory roles in virus-host interactions. the rabies virus (rabv) causes a fatal infection of the central nervous systems (cns) of warm-blooded animals, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of rabv, a mirna microarray was performed as part of ... | 2012 | 22015383 |
| generation and characterization of an scfv directed against site ii of rabies glycoprotein. | recombinant antibody phage display technology is a vital tool that facilitates identification of specific binding molecules to a target enabling the rapid generation and selection of high affinity, fully human, or mouse antibody product candidates essentially directed towards disease target appropriate for antibody therapy. in this study, a recombinant single-chain fv antibody fragment (scfv) a11 was isolated from immune spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with inactivated rabies virus (pa ... | 2011 | 22007309 |
| innate immune response gene expression profiles in central nervous system of mice infected with rabies virus. | the present study was focused on the modulation of innate immune response genes in cns of mouse in response to rabies virus (rabv) infection. the global gene expression changes in brains of rabv- or mock-infected mice were investigated using dna microarray analysis and quantitative real-time pcr. then functional enrichment of the differentially expressed mrnas was performed. microarray analysis showed that 390 genes in brain were significantly (p<0.01) regulated in response to rabv infection, wi ... | 2011 | 22005334 |
| Treatment of rabies in the 21st century: curing the incurable? | Despite the extreme case fatality attributable to rabies, reports of survivors provide a faint glimpse of a possibility of overcoming this deadly disease, even after clinical symptoms manifest. At present, no existing approach fulfills modern medical criteria for the optimal therapy of rabies. Until new efficacious antiviral compounds and optimized treatment protocols are developed, animal population management and vaccination of major reservoirs and vectors, minimization of the risk of viral ex ... | 2011 | 22004032 |
| rare, unusual, and less common virus infections after organ transplantation. | the present article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of rare, unusual, and less common viruses that infect transplant recipients. | 2011 | 22001713 |
| Peptides targeting the PDZ domain of PTPN4 are efficient inducers of glioblastoma cell death. | PTPN4, a human tyrosine phosphatase, protects cells against apoptosis. This protection could be abrogated by targeting the PDZ domain of this phosphatase with a peptide mimicking the C-terminal sequence of the G protein of an attenuated rabies virus strain. Here, we demonstrate that glioblastoma death is triggered upon intracellular delivery of peptides, either from viral origin or from known endogenous ligands of PTPN4-PDZ, such as the C terminus sequence of the glutamate receptor subunit GluN2 ... | 2011 | 22000519 |
| [Generation and preliminary immunological efficacy of a recombinant human adenovirus-rabies virus glycoprotein]. | To construct a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein (GP) of attenuated rabies virus SRV9 and testing immunological efficacy on the immunized mice. Open reading frame of rabies virus GP gene of SRV9 strain was cloned into the shuttle vector of adenovirus expression system in multiple cloning sites to construct the recombinant shuttle plasmid pacAd5 CMV-Gs9, cotransfection was performed into 293AD cells mediated by FuGENE Transfection Reagent with linearized backbone plasmid ... | 2011 | 21998956 |
| Public health implications of an outbreak of rabies in arctic foxes and reindeer in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway, September 2011. | 2011 | 21996377 | |
| A Spatial Model to Forecast Raccoon Rabies Emergence. | Abstract Although raccoons are widely distributed throughout North America, the raccoon rabies virus variant is enzootic only in the eastern United States, based on current surveillance data. This variant of rabies virus is now responsible for >60% of all cases of animal rabies reported in the United States each year. Ongoing national efforts via an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program are aimed at preventing the spread of raccoon rabies. However, from an epidemiologic perspective, the relati ... | 2011 | 21995266 |
| interferon response and viral evasion by members of the family rhabdoviridae. | like many animal viruses, those of the rhabdoviridae family, are able to antagonize the type i interferon response and cause disease in mammalian hosts. though these negative-stranded rna viruses are very simple and code for as few as five proteins, they have been seen to completely abrogate the type i interferon response early in infection. in this review, we will discuss the viral organization and type i interferon evasion of rhabdoviruses, focusing on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabi ... | 2009 | 21994572 |
| immunogenicity studies in carnivores using a rabies virus construct with a site-directed deletion in the phosphoprotein. | different approaches have been applied to develop highly attenuated rabies virus vaccines for oral vaccination of mesocarnivores. one prototype vaccine construct is sad dind1, which contains a deletion in the p-gene severely limiting the inhibition of type-1 interferon induction. immunogenicity studies in foxes and skunks were undertaken to investigate whether this highly attenuated vaccine would be more immunogenic than the parental sad b19 vaccine strain. in foxes, it was demonstrated that sad ... | 2011 | 21991446 |
| laboratory surveillance of rabies in humans, domestic animals, and bats in madagascar from 2005 to 2010. | background. rabies virus (rabv) has circulated in madagascar at least since the 19th century. objectives. to assess the circulation of lyssavirus in the island from 2005 to 2010. materials and methods. animal (including bats) and human samples were tested for rabv and other lyssavirus using antigen, ribonucleic acid (rna), and antibodies detection and virus isolation. results. half of the 437 domestic or tame wild terrestrial mammal brains tested were found rabv antigen positive, including 54% o ... | 2011 | 21991442 |
| immunogenicity of simulated pcecv postexposure booster doses 1, 3, and 5 years after 2-dose and 3-dose primary rabies vaccination in schoolchildren. | objectives. to assess the immunogenicity of intradermal (id) booster doses of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (pcecv, rabipur) administered to thai schoolchildren one, three and five years after a primary id pre-exposure (prep) vaccination series. methods. in this follow-up study of a randomized, open-label, phase ii clinical trial, two simulated post-exposure booster doses of pcecv were administered on days 0 and 3 intradermally to 703 healthy schoolchildren, one, three or five years ... | 2011 | 21991438 |
| animal bites, active and reserve components, u.s. armed forces, 2001-2010. | from 2001 to 2010, there were 20,522 diagnoses of animal bites among u.s. military members. of these, 643 (3.1%) were documented during medical encounters in combat theater. the majority of bites were "dog bites" and occurred more in males, soldiers, and those in infantry and law enforcement occupations. a small proportion of animal bites received documentation of exposure to or post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies virus. animal bite avoidance and rabies education should be reinforced before mem ... | 2011 | 21988341 |
| Intracerebral administration of recombinant rabies virus expressing GM-CSF prevents the development of rabies after infection with street virus. | Recently it was found that prior immunization with recombinant rabies virus (RABV) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (LBNSE-GM-CSF) resulted in high innate/adaptive immune responses and protection against challenge with virulent RABV (Wen et al., JVI, 2011). In this study, the ability of LBNSE-GM-CSF to prevent animals from developing rabies was investigated in mice after infection with lethal doses of street RABV. It was found that intracerebral administration ... | 2011 | 21980450 |
| [Construction and recovery of chimeric rabies virus expressing envelop proteins E1E2 of hepatitis C]. | Construction and recovery of chimeric rabies virus expressing HCV envelop proteins E1E2. | 2011 | 21977582 |
| generation of a recombinant rabies flury lep virus carrying an additional g gene creates an improved seed virus for inactivated vaccine production. | the rabies flury low egg passage virus (lep) has been widely used as a seed virus to generate inactive vaccine. here, we established a reverse genetic system for lep and generated a recombinant lep virus (rlep-g) that carries two identical g genes. this recombinant virus showed similar properties to those of lep with respect to in vitro growth, neurotropism index, and virulence in mice. rlep-g produced 4.3-fold more g protein than did lep in bhk-21 cells. the inactivated vaccine generated from r ... | 2011 | 21943337 |
| Nanobodies®: new ammunition to battle viruses. | In 1989, a new type of antibody was identified, first in the sera of dromedaries and later also in all other species of the Camelidae family. These antibodies do not contain a light chain and also lack the first constant heavy domain. Today it is still unclear what the evolutionary advantage of such heavy chain-only antibodies could be. In sharp contrast, the broad applicability of the isolated variable antigen-binding domains (VHH) was rapidly recognized, especially for the development of thera ... | 2011 | 21939690 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in vietnam (2006-2009). | this study was aimed at determining the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus (rabv) circulating in vietnam. intra vitam samples (saliva and cerebrospinal fluid) were collected from 31 patients who were believed to have rabies and were admitted to hospitals in northern provinces of vietnam. brain samples were collected from 176 sick or furious rabid dogs from all over the country. the human and canine samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. the findin ... | 2011 | 21937820 |
| exosome nanotechnology: an emerging paradigm shift in drug delivery: exploitation of exosome nanovesicles for systemic in vivo delivery of rnai heralds new horizons for drug delivery across biological barriers. | the demonstration that dendritic cell (dc)-derived exosomes can be exploited for targeted rnai delivery to the brain after systemic injection provides the first proof-of-concept for the potential of these naturally occurring vesicles as vehicles of drug delivery. as well as being amenable to existing in vivo targeting strategies already in use for viruses and liposomes, this novel approach offers the added advantages of in vivo safety and low immunogenicity. fulfilment of the potential of exosom ... | 2011 | 21932222 |
| Molecular epidemiology and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for diagnosis of infection with rabies virus in Zambia. | The National Livestock Epidemiology and Information Center (NALEIC) in Zambia reported over 132 cases of canine rabies diagnosed by the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) from 2004 to 2009. In this study, the lineage of rabies virus (RABV) in Zambia was determined by phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) gene sequences. Total RNA was extracted from 87-DFAT brain specimens out of which only 35 (40%) were positive on nested reverse transcription polymerase chain ... | 2011 | 21930165 |
| Naturally Acquired Rabies Virus Infections in Wild-Caught Bats. | Abstract The study of a zoonotic disease requires an understanding of the disease incidence in animal reservoirs. Rabies incidence in bats submitted to diagnostic laboratories does not accurately reflect the true incidence in wild bat populations as a bias exists for testing bats that have been in contact with humans or pets. This article details the rabies incidence in two species of bats collected from natural settings without such bias. In this study, brain smears from 0.6% and 2.5% of wild-c ... | 2011 | 21923271 |
| Erratum to: Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes. | 2011 | 21922292 | |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2010. | during 2010, 48 states and puerto rico reported 6,154 rabid animals and 2 human rabies cases to the cdc, representing an 8% decrease from the 6,690 rabid animals and 4 human cases reported in 2009. hawaii and mississippi did not report any laboratory-confirmed rabid animals during 2010. approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,246 raccoons (36.5%), 1,448 skunks (23.5%), 1,430 bats (23.2%), 429 foxes (6.9%), 30 ... | 2011 | 21916759 |
| Trypsin promotes efficient influenza vaccine production in MDCK cells by interfering with the antiviral host response. | Trypsin is commonly used in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture-based influenza vaccine production to facilitate virus infection by proteolytic activation of viral haemagglutinin, which enables multi-cycle replication. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that trypsin also interferes with pathogen defence mechanisms of host cells. In particular, a trypsin concentration of 5 BAEE U/mL (4.5 µg/mL porcine trypsin) used in vaccine manufacturing strongly inhibited interferon (IFN) sig ... | 2011 | 21915610 |
| cerebellar vermis is a target of projections from the motor areas in the cerebral cortex. | the cerebellum has a medial, cortico-nuclear zone consisting of the cerebellar vermis and the fastigial nucleus. functionally, this zone is concerned with whole-body posture and locomotion. the vermis classically is thought to be included within the "spinocerebellum" and to receive somatic sensory input from ascending spinal pathways. in contrast, the lateral zone of the cerebellum is included in the "cerebro-cerebellum" because it is densely interconnected with the cerebral cortex. here we repo ... | 2011 | 21911381 |
| High vero cell density and rabies virus proliferation on fibracel disks versus cytodex-1 in spinner flask. | To achieve higher titer of rabies virus higher density of host cells will need. In this study, capability of FibraCel disks packed in 500 mL spinner basket versus Cytodex-1 in 500 mL spinner flask was investigated for propagation of Vero cells and PV rabies virus proliferation. Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) + 10% Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) and Virus Production- Serum Free Medium (VP-SFM) +4 mM L-glutamine were used in growth phase and MEM+ 0.2% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and VP-SFM were used in vi ... | 2011 | 21902056 |
| Enhanced pseudotyping efficiency of HIV-1 lentiviral vectors by a rabies/vesicular stomatitis virus chimeric envelope glycoprotein. | Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) can pseudotype lentiviral vectors, although at a lower efficiency to that of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG). Transduction with VSVG-pseudotyped vectors of rodent central nervous system (CNS) leads to local neurotropic gene transfer, whereas with RVG-pseudotyped vectors additional disperse transduction of neurons located at distal efferent sites occurs via axonal retrograde transport. Attempts to produce high-titre RVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors ... | 2011 | 21900965 |