Publications

peptide discovery in the ectoparasitic crustacean argulus siamensis: identification of the first neuropeptides from a member of the branchiura.	recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the generation of large transcriptomic datasets for an ever-growing number of crustaceans, one being the carp louse argulus siamensis. this and other members of the subclass branchiura are obligate fish ectoparasites, and as such, are a major concern for commercial aquaculture. using the extant transcriptome shotgun assembly (tsa) sequences for a. siamensis, 27 transcripts encoding putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, an ...	2014	24842716
targeting and stimulation of the zebrafish (danio rerio) innate immune system with lps/dsrna-loaded nanoliposomes.	herein we report the use of immunostimulant-loaded nanoliposomes (called nlcliposomes) as a strategy to protect fish against bacterial and/or viral infections. this work entailed developing a method for in vivo tracking of the liposomes administered to adult zebrafish that enables evaluation of their in vivo dynamics and characterisation of their tissue distribution. the nlc liposomes, which co-encapsulate poly(i:c) and lps, accumulate in immune tissues and in immunologically relevant cells such ...	2014	24837767
gc/ms-based metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers differentiating survivals from death in crucian carps infected by edwardsiella tarda.	microbial disease problems constitute the largest single cause of economic losses in aquaculture. an understanding of immune system in aquaculture animals how to function in defense against bacterial infections is especially important to control these diseases and improve food quality and safety. in the present study, we use a crucian carp model to explore which pathways and metabolites are crucial for the defense against infection caused by edwardsiella tarda eib202. we establish the metabolic ...	2014	24837326
feeding common carp cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates c-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following pamps injection.	the effect of β-glucan as a feed additive on the serum and gene profile of c-reactive protein (crp) and complement acute phase responses was ascertained in common carp cyprinus carpio. in addition effects of subsequent intraperitoneal injections of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), i.e. lps or poly(i:c), to mimic bacterial or viral infection respectively, were studied. carp were first orally fed with β-glucan (macrogard®) with a daily β-glucan intake of 6 mg per kg body weight or w ...	2014	24830773
habitat connectivity and resident shared predators determine the impact of invasive bullfrogs on native frogs in farm ponds.	habitat connectivity is considered to have an important role on the persistence of populations in the face of habitat fragmentation, in particular, for species with conservation concern. however, it can also impose indirect negative effects on native species through the spread of invasive species. here, we investigated direct and indirect effects of habitat connectivity on populations of invasive bullfrogs and native wrinkled frogs and how these effects are modified by the presence of common car ...	2014	24827433
sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp carassius auratus viperin.	human viperin is known as an interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral protein and localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (er) via its n-terminal amphipathic α-helix. little is known about subcellular localization of fish viperin. herein, we characterized subcellular localization of a fish viperin from crucian carp carassius auratus. crucian carp viperin is nearly identical to the other viperin proteins in sequence, with the exception of the first n-terminal 70 amino acids that are defined as n-terminal ...	2014	24825429
[determination of 14 pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].	a new method was developed for the determination of pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gpc-mdgc/ms). the pesticide residues were extracted with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) for twice. after being frozen, the extract was filtered by 0.22 microm member, and then cleaned up and analyzed by online gpc-mdgc/ms. the pesticides were selectively transferred from the 1st column to the 2nd column by means of he ...	2014	24822450
establishment of a new cell line susceptible to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) and possible latency of cyhv-3 by temperature shift in the cells.	a new cell line named ccf-k104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °c to 30 °c. serial morphological changes in the cells induced by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. mature virions were purified from cyhv-3-infected ccf-k104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. infectious cyhv-3 was produced stably ...	2015	24820532
identification and characterization of micrornas in the spleen of common carp immune organ.	micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in the regulation of many fundamental biological processes in eukaryotes; however, mirnas associated with immune functions in the common carp have not been reported. in this study, a small-rna cdna library was constructed from the spleen of the common carp. a total of 10,603,456 high-quality clean reads, representing 293,603 unique sequences, were obtained from the small-cdna library using the solexa sequencing. by the bioinformatic analysis, 194 conserv ...	2014	24819892
ontogeny of critical and prolonged swimming performance for the larvae of six australian freshwater fish species.	critical (<30 min) and prolonged (>60 min) swimming speeds in laboratory chambers were determined for larvae of six species of australian freshwater fishes: trout cod maccullochella macquariensis, murray cod maccullochella peelii, golden perch macquaria ambigua, silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, carp gudgeon hypseleotris spp. and murray river rainbowfish melanotaenia fluviatilis. developmental stage (preflexion, flexion, postflexion and metalarva) better explained swimming ability than did length, ...	2014	24814314
anti-carp antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies.	in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), several genetic risk factors and smoking are strongly associated with the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (acpa), while much less is known about risk factors for acpa-negative ra. antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been described in both acpa-positive and acpa-negative ra patients. in this study, we have analysed the relationships among anti-carp antibodies, acpa, genetic risk factors (hla-drb1 alleles and ptpn22) and smoking ...	2014	24812286
identification of the origin and localization of chorion (egg envelope) proteins in an ancient fish, the white sturgeon, acipenser transmontanus.	in many modern teleost fish, chorion (egg envelope) glycoproteins are synthesized in the liver of females, and the expression of those genes is controlled by endogenous estrogen released from the ovary during maturation. however, among the classical teleosts, such as salmonid, carp, and zebrafish, the chorion glycoproteins are synthesized in the oocyte, as in higher vertebrates. sturgeon, which are members of the subclass chondrostei, represent an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes that differ ...	2014	24804966
effect of frying in different culinary fats on the fatty acid composition of silver carp.	the influence of frying with four different oils (sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and corn oil) on the fatty acid composition of silver carp was evaluated. the fat content of the fillets increased after frying while the moisture content decreased in all evaluated samples. mean saturated (sfa), monounsaturated (mufa), polyunsaturated (pufa) fatty acids, ∑ω3, and ∑ω6 contents of raw fish were 26.1 ± 0.5, 52.1 ± 1.1, 15.1 ± 0.6, 8.9 ± 0.1, and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively. frying led to exchange ...	2013	24804033
screening of endocrine disruption activity in sediments from the uruguay river.	sediment constitutes an important sink of endocrine disruptor compounds; however, the potential of sediments to act as a source of endocrine disruptors should be more extensively investigated. the main objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature common carp to uruguay river sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. the lower uruguay river watershed supports intensive agricultural and forest production, receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial ...	2014	24802028
eutrophic urban ponds suffer from cyanobacterial blooms: dutch examples.	ponds play an important role in urban areas. however, cyanobacterial blooms counteract the societal need for a good water quality and pose serious health risks for citizens and pets. to provide insight into the extent and possible causes of cyanobacterial problems in urban ponds, we conducted a survey on cyanobacterial blooms and studied three ponds in detail. among 3,500 urban ponds in the urbanized dutch province of north brabant, 125 showed cyanobacterial blooms in the period 2009-2012. this ...	2014	24798921
effects of subchronic exposure to n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide on selected biomarkers in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	deet (n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the most common active ingredient in the insect repellents commonly detected in european groundwater. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subchronic deet exposure on biochemical and haematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione s-transferase, and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). two specific pro ...	2014	24795897
cross-priming of microsatellite loci in subfamily cyprininae (family cyprinidae): their utility in finding markers for population genetic analysis in three indian major carps.	this study is aimed to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers and establish their potential for population genetics studies in three carp (family cyprinidae; subfamily cyprininae) species, labeo rohita, catla catla and cirrhinus mrigala through use of cyprinid primers. these species have high commercial value and knowledge of genetic variation is important for management of farmed and wild populations. we tested 108 microsatellite primers from 11 species belonging to three different cyprini ...	2014	24792330
evaluation of biochemical, haematological, and histopathological responses and recovery ability of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after acute exposure to atrazine herbicide.	the aim of study was to evaluate the effect of atrazine exposure (5, 15, 20, and 30 mg·l(-1)) on common carp and the ability of regeneration. during 96 h exposure we observed abnormal behavior in fish exposed to 20 and 30 mg·l(-1). mortality and histological alterations were noticed only in the group exposed to 30 mg·l(-1). most experimental groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocyte, and lymphocyte and significantly higher values of monocytes, seg ...	2014	24791011
effects of sodium fluoride on mapks signaling pathway in the gills of a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.	exposure to elevated levels of fluoride can cause a variety of adverse effects in fish. previously we showed that fluoride causes injuries and apoptosis in the gills of cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of fluoride on caspase-3 activity and on accumulation of proteins in the mapks pathways were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry methods in vivo and in vitro. in vivo experiments showed that the caspase-3 activity increased with fluoride exposure level in a dose-de ...	2014	24780358
metal levels in trachurus trachurus and cyprinus carpio in turkey.	concentrations of five toxic metals were determined in two fish species from turkish cities during 2010-2011. the obtained lead concentrations for all of the studied trachurus trachurus (mean 777 μg kg(-1)) and cyprinus carpio (mean 439 μg kg(-1)) samples were found to be higher than the maximum level (ml) of 300 μg kg(-1), while cd concentrations in the same samples were lower than the ml. mean chromium (501 μg kg(-1)), ni (272 μg kg(-1)) and cu (785 μg kg(-1)) concentrations in t. trachurus we ...	2013	24779942
ph shift protein recovery with organic acids on texture and color of cooked gels.	isoelectric solubilization and precipitation (isp) processing uses ph shifts to separate protein from fish frames, which may increase commercial interest for silver carp. texture and color properties of gels made from silver carp protein recovered at different ph strategies and organic acid types were compared. isp was applied to headed gutted silver carp using 10 mol l(-1) sodium hydroxide (naoh) and either glacial acetic acid (aa) or a (1:1) formic and lactic acid combination (f&l). protein ge ...	2015	24777972
effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) pre-fed with or without oxidised oil.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary sustained-release microencapsulated sodium butyrate (msb) products (0 (non-supplement), 1·5 and 3·0 h) for a control or oxidised soyabean oil (sbo) diet on fish production, intestinal mucosal condition, immunity and intestinal bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). dietary msb increased weight gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio within the control and oxidised sbo groups. gut mucosa was damaged i ...	2014	24774835
assessment of microcystin concentration in carp and catfish: a case study from lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india.	the present study was conducted to analyse microcystin concentrations in lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india, as well as in carp and catfish of the pond. the concentrations of microcystin were found well above the who guidelines (1 µg/l) both for the dissolved and particulate fractions of bloom samples. the microcystin concentrations in different organs of carp and catfish were in the following sequence; liver > gut > kidney > gall bladder > gills > muscles and gut > liver > kidney > gall bladder ...	2014	24771133
the effect of arsenic on some antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in various tissues of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio carpio).	the effect of arsenic bioaccumulation in liver, kidney, skin, muscle, and intestinal tissues of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) was investigated on lipid peroxidation and certain antioxidant enzyme activities. in this study, three aquarium groups were formed from mirror carp: control group, 0.5-, and 1-mg/l arsenic concentrations. the fish were dissected after 1 month. arsenic bioaccumulation, malondialdehyde (mda) levels, catalase (cat), and superoxide dismutase (sod) enzyme activities wer ...	2015	24770925
skeletal muscle plasticity induced by seasonal acclimatization in carp involves differential expression of rrna and molecules that epigenetically regulate its synthesis.	ribosomal biogenesis controls cellular growth in living organisms, with the rate-limiting step of this process being the transcription of ribosomal dna (rdna). considering that epigenetic mechanisms allow an organism to respond to environmental changes, the expression in muscle of several molecules that regulate epigenetic rrna synthesis, as well as rdna transcription, were evaluated during the seasonal acclimatization of the carp. first, the nucleotide sequences encoding the components forming ...	2014	24769445
corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (crf-bp) inhibits crf- and urotensin-i-mediated activation of crf receptor-1 and -2 in common carp.	corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (crf-bp) is considered a key determinant for crf receptor (crf-r) activation by crf and several related peptides. earlier studies have shown that the crf system is highly conserved in gene structures throughout evolution, yet little is known about the evolutionary conservation of its biological functions. therefore, we address the functional properties of crf-bp and crf-rs in a teleost fish (common carp; cyprinus carpio l.). we report the finding of ...	2014	24769042
the pathogenic potential of autoreactive antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.	rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease affecting ∼1 % of the population. although major advances have been made in the treatment of ra, relatively little is known about disease pathogenesis. autoantibodies, present in approximately 60 % of the patients with early disease, might provide indications for immunological mechanisms underlying ra. among the ra-associated autoantibodies, especially anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas) have been studied intensively in the last decade ...	2014	24763532
development and evaluation of the first high-throughput snp array for common carp (cyprinus carpio).	a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been identified in common carp (cyprinus carpio) but, as yet, no high-throughput genotyping platform is available for this species. c. carpio is an important aquaculture species that accounts for nearly 14% of freshwater aquaculture production worldwide. we have developed an array for c. carpio with 250,000 snps and evaluated its performance using samples from various strains of c. carpio.	2014	24762296
bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90) and their distribution pattern in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (oh-pbdes) have attracted wide concerns due to their toxicities and universal presence in wildlife and humans. the relatively high kow values of oh-pbdes imply these compounds may have a significant bioaccumulation potential, but so far, the existing data provide little information regarding the kinetics of uptake and depuration in any organisms. here we exposed common carps separately to two oh-pbdes, 2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90, for 30 days (d) in a f ...	2014	24759434
the efficacy of alfaxalone for immersion anesthesia in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	to characterize the physiologic and behavioral effects of a single induction dose and two maintenance doses of alfaxalone delivered by water immersion in the anesthesia of koi (cyprinus carpio).	2014	24754530
effect of choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of nrf2 signaling molecule in the spleen and head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).	the present work evaluates the effects of various levels of dietary choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of nrf2 signaling molecule in spleen and head kidney of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of choline at 165 (choline-deficient control), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg kg(-1) diet for 65 days. at the end of the feeding trail, fish were challenged with aeromonas hydrophila and mortalitie ...	2014	24751923
developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in artificially fertilized crucian carp (carassius auratus) embryo.	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a persistent bioaccumulative environmental contaminant that is an endocrine disruptor. embryos of various fish species are responsive to tcdd and have been used as an alternative method to the acute toxicity test with juvenile and adult fish. the tcdd test has similar endpoints of developmental toxicity. however, their sensitivity and signs of tcdd-induced toxicity are different depending on fish species and its habit. crucian carp (carassius auratus ...	2014	24751158
in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesion and permeation enhancement of polymeric amphiphilic nanoparticles.	oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (ocmcs) nanoparticles based on chitosan with various molecular weights were prepared using coacervation process, which demonstrated particle size of 150-350 nm, zeta potential of 10-20 mv, and high encapsulation efficiency of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (fd4). ocmcs nanoparticles were found to be adsorbed onto the excised carp intestinal mucosa, the extent of adsorption increased with increasing chitosan molecular weight. in comparison to fd4 solution, ocmcs n ...	2012	24750743
tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the indian major carp, cirrhinus cirrhosus: organisation and interaction with neuropeptide y in the preoptic area.	dopamine (da) inhibits, whereas gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) stimulates, luteinisiing (lh) cells in the pituitary of some but not all teleosts. a reduction in the hypophysiotropic dopaminergic tone is necessary for the stimulatory effect of gnrh on lh cells. neuropeptide y (npy) has emerged as one of the potent, endogenous agent that modulates lh secretion directly or indirectly via gnrh. involvement of npy in the regulation of hypophysiotropic da neurones, however, is not known, but t ...	2014	24750502
selection and characterization of single-chain recombinant antibodies against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus from mouse phage display library.	six single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) were selected from an antibody phage display library by phage display technology. the soluble scfv antibodies showed a molecular weight 32kda by western blot. dot blot analysis revealed that the six scfv antibodies could recognize ihnv. for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), four scfv antibodies (p1a4, p1a12, p1d5 and p3e2) showed cross-reactivity with spring viraemia of carp viru ...	2014	24747010
evaluation of trace metal content by icp-ms using closed vessel microwave digestion in fresh water fish.	the objective of the present study was to investigate trace metal levels of different varieties of fresh water fish using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave digestion (md-icpms). fish samples were collected from the outlets of twin cities of hyderabad and secunderabad. the trace metal content in different varieties of analyzed fish were ranged from 0.24 to 1.68 mg/kg for chromium in cyprinus carpio and masto symbollon, 0.20 to 7.52 mg/kg for manganese in labeo rohi ...	2014	24744789
male gonadal differentiation and the paedomorphic evolution of the testis in teleostei.	testis differentiation from representatives of the otophysi (cyprinus carpio), percomorpha (amatitlania nigrofasciata), and atherinomorpha (poecilia reticulata) was comparatively described. in the undifferentiated gonad of c. carpio, the primordial germ cells (pgcs) are scattered throughout the gonads while in a. nigrofasciata and p. reticulata the pgcs are restricted to the ventral periphery. in the dorsal region of the developing gonads, with the exception of c. carpio, somatic cell rearrangem ...	2014	24740886
molecular cloning, characterization and functional assessment of the myosin light polypeptide chain 2 (mylz2) promoter of farmed carp, labeo rohita.	we cloned the 5'-flanking region (1.2 kb) of a muscle-specific gene, encoding myosin light chain 2 polypeptide (mylz2) of a farmed carp, labeo rohita (rohu). sequence analysis using transfac-database search identified the consensus cis acting regulatory elements of tata-box and e (canntg)-box, including the monocyte enhancer factor 2 motif, implying that it is likely to be a functional promoter. the proximal promoter (~620 bp) was highly homologous with that of danio rerio (zebrafish) as compare ...	2014	24740361
anti-oxidative defences are modulated differentially in three freshwater teleosts in response to ammonia-induced oxidative stress.	oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (hea) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mm ammonia (as nh4hco3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, ...	2014	24740135
the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins carp, ankrd2, and darp are not essential for normal cardiac development and function at basal conditions and in response to pressure overload.	ankrd1/carp, ankrd2/arpp, and ankrd23/darp belong to a family of stress inducible ankyrin repeat proteins expressed in striated muscle (marps). the marps are homologous in structure and localized in the nucleus where they negatively regulate gene expression as well as in the sarcomeric i-band, where they are thought to be involved in mechanosensing. together with their strong induction during cardiac disease and the identification of causative ankrd1 gene mutations in cardiomyopathy patients, th ...	2014	24736439
tissue-specific fatty acids response to different diets in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	fish depend on dietary fatty acids (fa) to support their physiological condition and health. exploring the fa distribution in common carp (cyprinus carpio), one of the world's most consumed freshwater fish, is important to understand how and where fa of different sources are allocated. we investigated diet effects on the composition of polar and neutral lipid fatty acids (plfa and nlfa, respectively) in eight different tissues (dorsal and ventral muscle, heart, kidney, intestine, eyes, liver and ...	2014	24733499
the quality of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) cultured in various polish regions.	although environmental factors greatly affect the quality of carp meat, no regulations impose labelling the place of cultivation of freshwater fish. that is why the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of carp meat cultivated in several regions of poland as well as to assess the necessity of implementing such regulations.	2014	24728906
metabolic disposition and excretion of quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp.	excretion, disposition, and metabolism of [(3)h]-quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp following oral administration were investigated. after a single p.o. dose, total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with ⩾94% in all species within 14 days. fecal excretion of radioactivity was 68% and 65% of the administered dose in rats and pigs, respectively, with the remainder excreted in the urine. six hours after the last of seven daily oral administrations of (3)h-labeled qct, radioactivity was ...	2014	24727229
bioavailability of the imidazole antifungal agent clotrimazole and its effects on key biotransformation genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	clotrimazole (ctz) is a persistent imidazole antifungal agent which is frequently detected in the aquatic environment and predicted to bio-concentrate in fish. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to mean measured concentrations of either 1.02 or 14.63μgl(-1) ctz for 4 and 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 4 days in a further group of animals. following each exposure regimen, plasma and liver ctz concentrations were measured. mean measured plasma concentrations of ctz in animals ...	2014	24727216
effects of carbon tetrachloride on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	in the present study, the cellular and molecular mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in fish was investigated by studying the effects of ccl4 on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis. common carp were given an intraperitoneal injection of 30% ccl4 in arachis oil (0.5ml/kg body weight). at 72h post-injection, blood were collected to measure glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt), glutamate oxalate transaminase (got), superoxide dismutase ( ...	2014	24721155
isolation and characterization of a ranavirus from koi, cyprinus carpio l., experiencing mass mortalities in india.	we investigated mass mortalities of koi, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, 1758, experienced in south indian fish farms by virus isolation, electron microscopy, pcr detection, sequencing of capsid protein gene and transmission studies. samples of moribund koi brought to the laboratory suffered continuous mortality exhibiting swimming abnormalities, intermittent surfacing and skin darkening. irido-like virus was isolated from the infected fish in the indigenous snakehead kidney cell line (snkd2a). icosah ...	2015	24720625
impact of acute arsenic and cadmium exposure on the expression of two haeme oxygenase genes and other antioxidant markers in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the aim was to study the effects of cadmium (cd) and arsenic (as) on haeme oxygenases (hos) and other oxidative stress biomarkers, and their roles in macromolecule damage in liver and kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). hos play a critical role in the defence system against oxidative damage, producing biliverdin and carbon monoxide with important free radical scavenging properties. however, increased ho activity in haeme degradation may also lead to a pro-oxidant effect through the liber ...	2015	24706384
characteristics of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in different phases of infection: implications for disease transmission and control.	koi herpesvirus disease (khvd) is an emerging and highly contagious viral disease of koi and common carp (cyprinus carpio), causing mass mortalities and huge economic losses to the carp aquaculture industry. the disease has spread rapidly to 28 countries worldwide. however, mechanisms of koi herpesvirus (species cyprinid herpesvirus 3; cyhv-3) transmission remain unclear. a potential experimental model of cyhv-3 infection in carp was used to characterise cyhv-3 in different phases of infection a ...	2014	24704574
antioxidant effects of propolis on carp cyprinus carpio exposed to arsenic: biochemical and histopathologic findings.	propolis, a resinous material produced by worker bees from the leaf buds and exudates of plants, is reported to possess various therapeutic properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis on biochemical parameters and histopathologic findings in carp cyprinus carpio l. exposed to arsenic. a sublethal concentration of arsenic (0.01 mg l-1) and/or 10 mg l-1 propolis were administered to fish for 1 wk. catalase (cat) activities and malondialdehyde (mda) levels were dete ...	2014	24695237
disulfiram suppresses growth of the malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in part by inducing apoptosis.	dithiocarbamate compound disulfiram (dsf) that binds with copper and functions as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase is a food and drug administration approved agent for treatment of alcoholism. copper complexed dsf (dsf-cu) also possesses anti-tumor and chemosensitizing properties; however, its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) suppressive effects of dsf-cu and the molecular mechanisms involved. dsf-cu inhibited growth o ...	2014	24690739
differences in the susceptibility of japanese indigenous and domesticated eurasian common carp (cyprinus carpio), identified by mitochondrial dna typing, to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3).	in 2004, a massive mortality of wild common carp (cyprinus carpio) due to cyhv-3 infection occurred in lake biwa. although common carp of two different mitochondrial types (japanese indigenous and domesticated eurasian) occur in the lake, the majority of the dead fish seemed to be the indigenous type. the apparent high mortality in the indigenous type implies a higher susceptibility of this type to cyhv-3. to test the hypothesis that the susceptibility of indigenous and eurasian types differ, we ...	2014	24690375
morphometric and molecular analyses of tylodelphys sp. metacercariae (digenea: diplostomidae) from the vitreous humour of four fish species from lake naivasha, kenya.	even in the relatively well-characterized faunas of the developed world, it is difficult to discriminate species of metacercariae in the diplostomidae using morphology, infection site or host use. the taxonomy, diversity and ecology of diplostomids infecting freshwater fishes in the african continent are particularly poorly known, but recent morphometric and genetic studies have revealed four species of diplostomids in the eyes and brains of siluriform fishes. in the present study, diplostomid m ...	2015	24690126
lactococcosis in silver carp.	an adult silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix with a focally extensive skin lesion near the caudal peduncle and mild iridial hemorrhage was submitted to the aquatic research and diagnostic laboratory (ardl) in stoneville, mississippi, as part of a fish kill investigation. touch impressions of this musculoskeletal lesion revealed small cocci (∼1 μm) in pairs or chains within an inflammatory milieu. a pure gram-positive cocci isolate was obtained from the brain, while cultures of the kidney and ...	2014	24689953
effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine's herbicide terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stage of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) through antioxidant indices, mortality, growth, development, and histopathology. based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy were estimated at 35-day lc50 = 10.9 mg/l terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy. by day 15, fish were exposed to 3.5 mg/l and by day 26, fish were exposed to 0.0029 m ...	2014	24689046
caspian white fish (rutilus frisii kutum) as a host for spring viraemia of carp virus.	rutilus frisii kutum is a fish of the cyprinidae family which is native in caspian sea and commercially cultured in iran. this study was conducted to investigate susceptibility of caspian white fish to spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) infection and to evaluate influence of different challenge routes on virulence of the virus. fingerlings were infected by immersion, intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection, cohabitation and orally. dead and surviving fish were collected for histological examination ...	2014	24685241
rapid growth increases intrinsic predation risk in genetically modified cyprinus carpio: implications for environmental risk.	the intrinsic effect of feeding regime on survival and predation-induced mortality was experimentally tested in genetically modified (gm) cyprinus carpio and wild specimens. the results clearly indicate a knock-on effect of the gh gene (gcgh) introduction into the c. carpio genome on their vulnerability to predation. the experiments unequivocally showed that it is the genetic nature of the c. carpio rather than its size that affects the risk of predation. in addition, fed c. carpio were more sus ...	2014	24684509
bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls to carp.	the relative bioavailability of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs 138, 153, and 180) from a local contaminated site was examined using an in vivo carp model. surface sediment from the pcb-contaminated site and spiked canola oil containing equivalent masses of pcbs were respectively incorporated in the sediment-dosed diets and oil-dosed diets at 3 dose levels resulting in 6 experimental diets. juvenile carps (n = 90) were divided in 18 tanks (5 fish × 6 treatments × 3 tanks). fish we ...	2014	24677303
effects of temperature change on cortisol release by common carp cyprinus carpio.	common carp cyprinus carpio, stressed by fish handling practices, responded with a decrease in cortisol secretion when temperature was lowered from 20 to 14° c within 3·5 h compared to those kept at 20° c.	2014	24665879
quinalphos induced alteration in respiratory rate and food consumption of freshwater fish cyprinus carpio.	acute toxicity of commercial grade organophosphate insecticide, quinalphos (25% emulsified concentration) to common carp (cyprinus carpio) was tested through bioassay. the acute toxicity of quinalphos to the fingerlings exposed for 96 hr was found to be 2.75 ppm. for sub lethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to two concentration viz., 1/10th of lc50 (0.275 ppm) and 1/5th of lc50 (0.55 ppm) along with lethal concentration (2.75 ppm) as reference for 48 hr. the carps were under stress and m ...	2014	24665768
comparative study of seasonal variation in bacterial flora concomitant with farm raised fingerlings of cyprinus carpio at tarai region of uttarakhand.	the bacterial infection is an important economic and limiting factor in intensive fish production. the present study focuses on investigation of the bacterial population associated with farmed common carp fingerlings, its environment and limnological quality of pond, during winter and summer season. it was found that the bacterial count in the pond sediment (6.40 cfu x 10(4)) was about 10 times higher in comparison of pond water (6.93 cfu x 10(3)). further, the intestinal bacterial count was abo ...	2014	24665763
utilizing stomach content and faecal dna analysis techniques to assess the feeding behaviour of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides and bluegill lepomis macrochirus.	in this study, the feeding behaviour of the non-native invasive predatory fishes largemouth bass micropterus salmoides and bluegill lepomis macrochirus was studied in the ezura river, a northern tributary of lake biwa, japan. prey composition was estimated based on visual examination of stomach contents and faecal dna analysis to determine feeding habits of these predatory fishes. stomach content analysis showed that native fishes (e.g. ayu plecoglossus altivelis and gobies rhinogobius spp.) and ...	2014	24661110
comparison of long-term outcomes of s and j pouches and continent ileostomies in ulcerative colitis patients with restorative proctocolectomy-experience in subspecialty pouch center.	there are no published studies comparing pouch configurations and long-term adverse outcomes.	2014	24657364
effect of seeds of achyranthes aspera on the immune responses and expression of some immune-related genes in carp catla catla.	evaluation of functional mechanism of immunostimulant in fish is essential for realizing their therapeutic potential. the impact of dietary supplementation of seeds of achyranthes aspera on the immune system of catla catla was studied. catla (37.73 ± 6.7 g) were fed with test diets containing 0.5 (d1) and 1.0% (d2) seeds of a. aspera and control diet (d3) for 50 days. then fish were immunized with heat-killed aeromonas hydrophila. blood and tissue samples were collected after 7 days of immunizat ...	2014	24657259
purification and molecular characterization of igm in olive barb, puntius sarana.	in the present article, immunoglobulin (ig) of puntius sarana (a vulnerable medium carp species) was purified by affinity chromatography, characterized, and identified as only igm type with a native molecular weight of 879 kda having one heavy (88 kda) and one light (26 kda) chain. further, the developed rabbit antisera against igm was found to be quite specific to p. sarana igm and used in elisa to measure the antibody titer in p. sarana at different time periods, against an antigen (hemocyanin ...	2014	24654823
comparative study of infection with tetrahymena of different ornamental fish species.	tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (poecilia reticulata). the aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. the species examined were platy (xiphophorus), molly (poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (pterophyllum scalare) of the acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfi ...	2014	24650892
in vivo effects of deoxynivalenol (don) on innate immune responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important members of fusarium toxins since it often can be found in relevant concentrations in animal feeds. the effects of this group of toxins on fish are mostly unknown. the present study shows results from a feeding trial with carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using three different concentrations of don (352μgkg(-1), 619μgkg(-1), and 953μgkg(-1) final feed, respectively) which are comparable to levels found in commercial fish feeds. effects on growth and mass ...	2014	24650758
assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of hexavalent chromium in the freshwater fish labeo rohita (hamilton, 1822).	the present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) in the indian major carp, labeo rohita. the 96 h lc50 value of potassium dichromate estimated was 118 mg l(-1) by probit analysis using spss (version 16.0) software. based on 96 h lc50 value, three sublethal test concentrations of potassium dichromate (29.5, 59.0 and 88.5 mg l(-)(1)) were selected and specimens were exposed in vivo to these t ...	2015	24649973
carp, a myostatin-downregulated gene in cfm cells, is a novel essential positive regulator of myogenesis.	myostatin, a member of the tgf-β superfamily, has been shown to act as a negative regulator of myogenesis. although its role in myogenesis has been clearly documented through genetic analysis, few gene cascades that respond to myostatin signaling and regulate myogenesis have been characterized, especially in avian species. in a previous study, we screened for such genes in chicken fetal myoblasts (cfms) using the differential display pcr method and found that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp ...	2014	24644428
laboratory biomarkers or imaging in the diagnostics of rheumatoid arthritis?	rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common autoimmune disease in which a heterogeneous course and different pathogenic mechanisms are implicated in chronic inflammation and joint destruction. despite the diagnostic contribution of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (acpas) and rheumatoid factors, about one-third of ra patients remain seronegative. acpas belong to a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies targeting citrullinated proteins, including myelin-basic protein, several histone prote ...	2014	24642071
different expression profiles of interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp 5a) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and aeromonas hydrophila.	interleukin 11 (il-11), intelectin (itln) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase 5a (pnp5a) play important roles in innate immunity. in a previous study to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) assay was used to characterize differentially expressed genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) infected with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) in which il-11, itln and pnp5a were identified to be the three most significantly up-regulated ...	2014	24636855
identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. the allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. it is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals. in this study, 2 jnk1 cdnas (including jnk1a and jnk1b) have been cloned from the polyploid crucian carp system, consisting of the allotetr ...	2014	24634111
serum and ultrastructure responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during long-term exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles.	the uptake of nanoparticles by aquatic organisms such as fish has raised concerns about the possible adverse effects of nanoparticles (nps). in this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects in juvenile common carp exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) for 12 weeks. the carp were exposed to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.8, and 2.4mg/l of zno-nps under a flow-through exposure system. fish were sampled at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to test for zinc in the test water and blood, and bioche ...	2014	24632117
evidence for the evolutionary origin of goldfish derived from the distant crossing of red crucian carp × common carp.	distant hybridization can generate transgressive hybrid phenotypes that lead to the formation of new populations or species with increased genetic variation. in this study, we produced an experimental hybrid goldfish (eg) by distant crossing of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) × common carp (cyprinus carpio) followed by gynogenesis.	2014	24628745
complementary dna cloning and functional characterization of cytochrome p450 3a138 in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the full-length sequence of a cytochrome p450 3a 138 (cyp3a138) cdna in common carp was cloned and sequenced. the transcriptional and microsome enzyme activities of cyp3a138 in the fish liver after rifampicin exposure were also determined in this study. the results showed that the full-length cyp3a138 cdna is 1912 base pairs (bp) long and contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding a protein of 517 amino acids. sequence analysis revealed that cyp3a138 is highly conserved in fish. furtherm ...	2014	24623513
ovarian development and related changes in steroid hormones in female wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio), from the south-eastern caspian sea.	wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) is a native valuable but threatened species from the south-eastern caspian sea in which the endocrine control of its reproduction has not been studied. the objectives of this research were to study the reproductive strategy and changes in steroid hormones during ovarian development. from october 2009 to june 2010, 65 adult females were caught from the golestan coast (iran) and the ovarian histology, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (gsi and hs ...	2014	24621281
metal bioaccumulation in common carp and rudd from the topolnitsa reservoir, bulgaria.	concentrations of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), nickel (ni), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) were determined in water samples and five fish organs (gills, liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle) of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and common rudd (scardinius erythrophthalmus l.) from the topolnitsa reservoir (bulgaria) in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). this water ecosystem is located in a copper mining and metallurgical region. water metal concentrations were significantly higher in ...	2014	24620011
prediction of the bioconcentration factor in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using data from the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test.	an approach to predicting the bioconcentration factor (bcfpre ) from the predicted uptake rate constant (k1 pre ) and the depuration rate constant measured in the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test (k2 dietary ) [bcfpre = k1 pre /k2 dietary ] is proposed in test guideline 305 of the organization for economic cooperation and development guidelines for testing of chemicals. data were collected on the bcfs of 197 test chemicals from japan's chemical substances control law database. to demo ...	2014	24619947
vaccination of plasmid dna encoding orf81 gene of cj strains of khv provides protection to immunized carp.	in order to construct the recombinant plasmid of pires-orf81, the nucleic acid isolated from koi herpes virus-cj (khv-cj) strains was used as a template to insert the orf81 gene fragments amplified by pcr into the pires-neo, a kind of eukaryotic expression vector. using western blotting analysis, it was verified that orf81 gene protein can be expressed correctly by pires-orf81, after mfc cells were transfected. the recombinant plasmid pires-orf81 was set into three immunization dose gradients: 1 ...	2014	24619212
hyperplasia and cellularity changes in igf-1-overexpressing skeletal muscle of crucian carp.	the zebrafish skeletal muscle-specific promoter mylz2 was used to cause crucian carp overexpression of the zebrafish igf-1 cdna. in stable transgenic germline f1 progenies, a 5-fold increase in the level of igf-1 in skeletal muscle was observed. evident skeletal muscle hyperplasia was observed in the transgenic fish through histologic analysis. by analyzing the rna sequencing transcriptome of the skeletal muscle of igf-1 transgenic fish and nontransgenic control fish at 15 months of age, 10 966 ...	2014	24617525
effects of dimethoate (30% ec), an organophosphate pesticide on liver of common carp, cyprinus carpio.	organ histopathology and changes in biochemical parameters in fish are good biomarkers of aquatic pollution. this study is an attempt to assess the effects of dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide on the liver of common carp (c. carpio). healthy individual fish were exposed to 0.40 mg l(-1) (25% of 96 hr lc50) concentration of dimethoate, for short term (96 hr). liver of the exposed fish exhibited alterations like disruption of regular arrangement of hepatocytes, congestion and rupture of v ...	2013	24617155
comparative assessment of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of azinphos methyl and its commercial formulation.	the toxic effects of gusathion (gus), which is a commercial organophosphate (op) pesticide, and also its active ingredient, azinphos methyl (azm), are evaluated comparatively with in vitro and in vivo studies. initially, the 96-h lc50 values of azm and gus were estimated for two different life stages of xenopus laevis, embryos, and tadpoles. the actual azm concentrations in exposure media were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography. also, the sub-lethal effects of these compounds to ...	2015	24616035
expression and characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio) matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its activity against type i collagen.	matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) play essential roles in the metabolism of animal collagen while few reports are available for mmps in aquatic animals. in this study, we report the complete sequence of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) gene from common carp (cyprinus carpio) skeletal muscle. the full-length cdna of mmp-2 was 2792bp which contains an open reading frame of 1974bp, corresponding to a protein of 657 amino acid residues. based on the structural feature of mmp-2, the gene of the cata ...	2014	24613299
analysis of the skin transcriptome in two oujiang color varieties of common carp.	body color and coloration patterns are important phenotypic traits to maintain survival and reproduction activities. the oujiang color varieties of common carp (cyprinus carpio var. color), with a narrow distribution in zhejiang province of china and a history of aquaculture for over 1,200 years, consistently exhibit a variety of body color patterns. the molecular mechanism underlying diverse color patterns in these variants is unknown. to the practical end, it is essential to develop molecular ...	2014	24603653
carp-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells.	malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. the toxic side-effects of mpm therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. carp-1 functional mimetics (cfms) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. here we investigated mpm cell growth s ...	2014	24598827
image of the month: roe impaction after a carp meal in a woman with gastric banding.		2014	24594948
comparative analysis of differential gene expression in kidney tissues of moribund and surviving crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in response to cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection.	cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) has recently been associated with high mortality of cultured crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in eastern china. in this study, we established a real-time pcr method to confirm viral infection of crucian carp and to quantify cyhv-2 particles obtained by sucrose gradient centrifugation from diseased fish. virus-free crucian carp were artificially infected with cyhv-2 using an injection method, which resulted in a dose-dependent death rate. in situ hybridizat ...	2014	24585042
organochlorine pesticides and antioxidant enzymes are inversely correlated with liver enzyme gene expression in cyprinus carpio.	the present study was designed to investigate the association between levels of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and liver enzyme responses in cyprinus carpio. fish were caught at three stations in the büyük menderes river (bmr): the origin, the sarayköy station, and the estuary. seventeen ocps were quantified in liver tissue, as well as in river water by gas chromatography (gc)-electron capture detection, and structures were confirmed by negative chemical ionization-gc-mass spectrometry. the ac ...	2014	24583044
discrimination and simultaneous detection of two myxozoan parasites belonging to genus thelohanellus by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.	thelohanellus kitauei and thelohanellus hovorkai are myxozoan parasites pathogenic in cyprinid fish especially adult israel carp and common carp. in the present study, the complete 18s rrna-its1-5.8s rrna-its2 sequences of these two thelohanellus species were cloned with primers designed from information from genbank and previous studies. the results revealed that its1 and its2 sequences of t. kitauei and t. hovorkai were clearly distinguished although the 18s rrna regions of the two parasites w ...	2014	24582523
distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals in surface water and fish bile of the pearl river delta, south china.	the distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in water, algae, and wild carp bile of the pearl river delta (prd), south china were investigated. 4-tert octylphenol (op), 4-nonylphenol (np), and bisphenol a (bpa) (unit, ng l(-1)) in water were in the ranges of 1-14, 117-865, and 4-377, those (ng g(-1) dry weight) in algae were in the ranges of 2-13, 53-282, and 16-94, and those (ng g(-1)) in carp bile were in the ranges of 14-39, 950-4648, 70-1020, respectively. e ...	2014	24582358
risk-taking behaviour may explain high predation mortality of gh-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio.	the competitive ability and habitat selection of juvenile all-fish gh-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio and their size-matched non-transgenic conspecifics, in the absence and presence of predation risk, under different food distributions, were compared. unequal-competitor ideal-free-distribution analysis showed that a larger proportion of transgenic c. carpio fed within the system, although they were not overrepresented at a higher-quantity food source. moreover, the analysis showed that tr ...	2013	24580661
the influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes.	there is growing awareness that patterns of habitat use by animals cannot be isolated from issues of scale. recently, techniques have been devised which allow empirical testing of hypotheses related to the effects of spatial scale on habitat use. we used spatially explicit statistical procedures to examine the roles of scale and habitat arrangement in determining fish distribution patterns in a reach of an australian lowland river. native golden perch and introduced common carp were tracked day ...	2001	24577692
c-fos and c-jun expression in the liver of silver carp and the effect of microcystins.	in the present study, c-fos and c-jun cdnas were cloned, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed. the results demonstrate that the full-length c-fos cdna is 1719 bp and contains a 1059-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 352 amino acids. the c-jun cdna is 1931 bp and contains a 927-bp orf encoding 308 amino acids. moreover, constitutive expression of c-fos and c-jun was detected in all examined tissues of the silver carp using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the live ...	2014	24574083
isomers of dechlorane plus in an aquatic environment in a highly industrialized area in southern china: spatial and vertical distribution, phase partition, and bioaccumulation.	dechlorane plus (dp) was determined in aquatic environment including sediment, sediment core, water, and fish species in a highly industrialized area in pearl river delta, south china. dp was analyzed in sediments and water at concentration ranging from 0.08 to 19.4 ng/g dry weight and from 0.24 to 0.78 ng/l, respectively. dp was detected in 80% of fish samples with concentration between undetectable level to 189 ng/g lipid weight. dp levels were significantly higher in the top layer (depth less ...	2014	24568839
organ damage and hepatic lipid accumulation in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feed-borne exposure to the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (don).	deoxynivalenol (don) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. this study intends to further investigate the effects of don on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg don kg(-1) feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish wit ...	2014	24566729
gene structure and identification of minimal promoter of pou2 expressed in spermatogonial cells of rohu carp, labeo rohita.	mammalian pou5f1 is a known transcriptional regulator involving maintenance of embryonic and spermatogonial stem cells. little is known about teleost pou2, an ortholog of mammalian pou5f1. evidences of discrepancy in expression pattern between fish species were documented. to better understand, we have cloned and characterized pou2 gene of farmed rohu carp, labeo rohita. it contained five exons with an open reading frame of 1419 bp long, translatable to 472 aa. a bipartite dna binding domain ter ...	2014	24566687
herbicide clomazone effects on δ-aminolevulinic acid activity and metabolic parameters in cyprinus carpio.	the objective of this study was to investigate δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ala-d) activity and metabolic parameters of cyprinus carpio exposed to clomazone herbicide. fish were exposed 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1) of clomazone for 192 h. results indicated that δ-ala-d activity was decreased in the gills at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg l(-1). liver glycogen increased, while muscle and gill glycogen levels decreased at 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1). glucose was increased in the gills and plasma. lactate decre ...	2014	24562457
cooking fish is not effective in reducing exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.	consumption of fish is considered a part of a healthy diet; however, health risks from fish consumption exist due to potential exposure to various contaminants accumulated in fish. cooking fish can reduce exposure to many organic chemicals in fish. similar results have been presented for low levels of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfass), a class of contaminants of emerging concern, in grocery store fish. we examined the effectiveness of three cooking methods (i.e., baking, broi ...	2014	24561272
comparative studies of toll-like receptor signalling using zebrafish.	zebrafish model systems for infectious disease are increasingly used for the functional analysis of molecular pattern recognition processes. these studies benefit from the high conservation level of all innate immune factors in vertebrates. zebrafish studies are strategically well positioned for this because of the ease of comparisons with studies in other fish species of which the immune system also has been intensively studied, but that are currently still less amendable to detailed genetic or ...	2014	24560981
proteomic analysis of hepatic tissue of cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cyanobacterial blooms in lake taihu, china.	with the rapid development of industry and agriculture and associated pollution, the cyanobacterial blooms in lake taihu have become a major threat to aquatic wildlife and human health. in this study, the ecotoxicological effects of cyanobacterial blooms on cage-cultured carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in meiliang bay of lake taihu were investigated. microcystins (mcs), major cyanobacterial toxins, have been detected in carp cultured at different experimental sites of meiliang bay. we observed that th ...	2014	24558380
phenotypical and genotypical characterization of shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish.	between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in poland. in most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. the disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. most of the problems concerned cultured common carp cyprinus carpio l. and rainb ...	2015	24552171