Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| evaluation of ict filariasis card test using whole capillary blood: comparison with knott's concentration and counting chamber methods. | an immunochromatographic card test (ict) that uses fingerprick whole blood instead of serum for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis has recently been developed. the card test was validated in the field in kenya by comparing its sensitivity to the combined sensitivity of knott's concentration and counting chamber methods. a total of 102 (14.6%) and 117 (16.7%) persons was found to be microfilaremic by knott's concentration and counting chamber methods, respectively. the geometric mean intensities ... | 2001 | 11695380 |
| sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in urine samples. | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects filaria-specific immunoglobulin g4 antibodies in unconcentrated urine. the elisa was positive in 87 of 91 (95.6%) urine samples collected from people with wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae, antigen, or both. of 298 urine samples collected in thailand, lao people's democratic republic, and japan, where no human filariasis is known, 295 (99.0%) were negative by elisa. various intestinal nematode and fluke infections did not in ... | 2001 | 11693885 |
| fine structure of intrascrotal lymphatic vessels infected by wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | lymphangiectasia represents a basic phenomenon of acute and chronic pathology in lymphatic filariasis, and the prevalence or degree of lymphatic dilation caused by filarial worms is considered an indirect measurement of the altered lymphatic function. we examined the morphological alterations of intrascrotal lymphatic vessels surgically removed from a volunteer infected by adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti. scanning electron microscopy revealed lymphatic vessels with an irregular endothelium a ... | 2001 | 11686393 |
| rural bancroftian filariasis in north-western cameroon: parasitological and clinical studies. | a cross-sectional epidemiological, parasitological and clinical survey of bancroftian filarieasis was conducted in the rural north-western republic of cameroon. of the 1020 respondents (622 males and 398 females) randomly drawn from 4 ethnically homogeneous communities, 148 were microfilaraemic giving an overall prevalence of 14.5%. association between the ages of individuals and the prevalence of microfilaria (mf) in peripheral circulation was statistically significant (chi 2(6) = 12.59, p < 0. ... | 2000 | 11668936 |
| a long-term follow-up of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals living in a filaria-endemic region of orissa, india: infection and disease status. | a group of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals (endemic normals) aged > 12 years was identified in 2 filaria-endemic villages of orissa, india in 1990 (bajapur village, n = 40) and in 1994 (olosingh village, n = 47). they were re-examined for microfilaraemia and disease status in the year 2000 after a 10-year and a 6-year period. studies conducted at both villages yielded a similar pattern in the development of disease. above 85% of the females remained normal, compared to 54% of males. re ... | 2001 | 11579885 |
| microfilaria in peritoneal fluid from an amicrofilaremic, pregnant woman. | 2001 | 11575673 | |
| lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. | lymphatic filariasis is a widespread infectious disease of children in endemic areas, but little is known about the early lymphatic damage in children and its evolution, either with or without treatment. two girls (ages 6 and 12 years) from a wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of brazil presented with chronic inguinal adenopathy. neither had microfilaremia. by ultrasound both were shown to have living adult worms in their enlarged inguinal nodes and had occult local lymphatic damage (lymphangie ... | 2001 | 11561705 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: detection of microfilariae in asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals with setaria digitata antigens. | a dot-elisa for detection of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area was developed. this test can differentiate the endemic normals from the microfilaraemic asymptomatic individuals. antigens of molecular weight 130 and 52 kda of the cattle filaria worm setaria digitata were used for this test. it was observed that these two antigens were also present in the serum of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals. | 2001 | 11556568 |
| ecologic and biologic determinants of filarial antigenemia in bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. | the relationship between filarial antigenemia and lymphatic pathology was investigated in residents of 11 villages in an area of papua new guinea where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. antigenemia was determined in 1322 persons by means of the og4c3 antibody capture assay. prevalence of antigenemia by village ranged from 61.7% to 98.2% and did not vary by sex. antigen level increased with transmission potential among the 4 villages with measured transmission potential (r(2)=.945; p=.028). antige ... | 2001 | 11528594 |
| genetic polymorphisms in molecules of innate immunity and susceptibility to infection with wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | a pilot study was conducted to determine if host genetic factors influence susceptibility and outcomes in human filariasis. using the candidate gene approach, a well-characterized population in south india was studied using common polymorphisms in six genes (chit1, mpo, nramp, cyba, ncf2, and mbl2). a total of 216 individuals from south india were genotyped; 67 normal (n), 63 asymptomatic microfilaria positive (mf+), 50 with chronic lymphatic dysfunction/elephantiasis (cp), and 36 tropical pulmo ... | 2001 | 11528516 |
| immunity to filarial nematodes. | mosquito-borne filarial nematodes cause the severe, debilitating disease of human lymphatic filariasis. in areas endemic for this disease, differential responses range from putative immunity through asymptomatic microfilaraemic infection to chronic pathology. current research in mouse models of infection is elucidating the immunological mechanisms that can lead to immunity against this disease. in this review, the importance of different immunological pathways are discussed in relation to their ... | 2001 | 11522404 |
| detection of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti infected blood samples using multiplex pcr. | a rapid and sensitive multiplex pcr has been developed for the diagnosis of multiple parasitic infection in human blood. infection is detected by a single multiplex pcr reaction containing two pairs of oligonucleotide primers whereby each primer is specific for each parasite species. these primer sets amplified 400 and 450-bp fragments for wuchereria bancrofti and 208-bp fragment for plasmodium falciparum. the pcr products derived from each parasite species were visualized in ethidium bromide-st ... | 2001 | 11513554 |
| detection of bancroftian filariasis in human blood samples from sorsogon province, the philippines by polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for diagnosing wuchereria bancrofti infection in a small village in the province of sorsogon, the philippines. of 54 night-time blood samples collected, 4 (7.4%) were found to be microfilaremic as determined by combined direct blood film examination and membrane filtration of blood followed by blood film examination. however, utilization of the sspi pcr assay to detect repeated w. bancrofti dna sequences in human blood doubled the number of microfilar ... | 2001 | 11511008 |
| short report: a practical technique for the cryopreservation of dirofilaria immitis, brugia malayi, and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | a technique to cryopreserve microfilariae has been developed. this method was used to cryopreserve microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis, brugia malayi, and wuchereria bancrofti at a controlled rate of 1 degree c/min by use of a freezing tank. microfilariae of each of these species retained their ability to infect susceptible mosquito species and develop to the infective stage after cryopreservation. the method presented here is quickly and easily carried out with inexpensive equipment. | 2001 | 11508394 |
| a simple and quick method for enhanced detection of specific ige in serum from lymphatic filariasis patients. | a new simple and quick technique, using a suspension of protein a agarose beads to absorb igg4 from sera prior to determination of filarial-specific ige in elisa, is presented. the optimal ratio between serum and absorbant was determined by absorbing fixed volumes of sera from individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area with different volumes of the protein a agarose bead suspension and testing supernatants for filaria-specific igg4 and ige. the effect of absorption on measured igg4 and ... | 2001 | 11495644 |
| placebo-controlled community trial of four cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin against wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in india. | a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 1994-98 to compare the effects of 4 cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin on prevalence and geometric mean intensity (gmi) of microfilaraemia in the human population, infection rates in the vector population, and transmission intensity of culex-transmitted wuchereria bancrofti in rural areas in tamil nadu state, south india. fifteen villages (population approximately 26,800) were included in the study: 5 villages e ... | 2001 | 11491011 |
| long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | in a 'blinded' trial (in sri lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) 6 mg/kg or albendazole 600 mg with ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. treated subjects were followed-up for 24 months. this represents the first long-term study ... | 2001 | 11491010 |
| high prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection among myanmar migrants in thailand. | 2001 | 11487375 | |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and filariasis in pakistan. | filariasis is a major health problem in south asia, particularly india, sri lanka and bangladesh. pakistan was presumed to be not affected. we report for the first time confirmed cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) in indigenous patients as a result of infection with wuchereria bancrofti. following clinical examination, total leukocyte and eosinophil counts were recorded. parasitological examinations included blood for microfilariae and stool and urine for eggs of intestinal parasites ... | 2001 | 11485099 |
| regulation of the immune response in lymphatic filariasis: perspectives on acute and chronic infection with wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | delineating the immune responses in lymphatic filariasis has been complicated not only by the rapidly expanding knowledge of new immunological mediators and effortors, but also by new methodologies (in particular, circulating filarial antigen detection) for defining and categorizing filarial-infected individuals. by using assays for circulating antigen in the sera collected as part of the many immunological studies performed on individuals in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of south india, ... | 2001 | 11472558 |
| transmission intensity and the immunoepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in east africa. | previous attempts to determine the interactions between filariasis transmission intensity, infection and chronic disease have been limited by a lack of a theoretical framework that allows the explicit examination of mechanisms that may link these variables at the community level. here, we show how deterministic mathematical models, in conjunction with analyses of standardized field data from communities with varying parasite transmission intensities, can provide a particularly powerful framework ... | 2001 | 11472557 |
| transmission intensity and human immune responses to lymphatic filariasis. | our understanding of how the host immune response influences the risk of developing disease has changed dramatically over the past decade. previously, the spectrum of disease associated with lymphatic filariasis was largely attributed to the nature of the host immune response. now, we appreciate that the duration and intensity of infection and possibly the direct influence of parasite-derived molecules also determine the risk of disease. individuals chronically infected with lymphatic filariasis ... | 2001 | 11472556 |
| lymphatic filariasis: parallels between the immunology of infection in humans and mice. | mouse models of brugia infection have provided much useful quantitative and qualitative information on the immune response elicited by different life cycle stages of filarial worms. many parallels exist between the immune response in the mouse and the infected human and in this review we highlight areas of topical interest, including the induction of specific cytokine responses and their role in immunomodulation and protective immunity. these studies have reinforced the concept that different li ... | 2001 | 11472555 |
| prospects and challenges in lymphatic filariasis. | 2001 | 11472552 | |
| lymphatic filariasis in ghana: entomological investigation of transmission dynamics and intensity in communities served by irrigation systems in the upper east region of ghana. | we conducted an entomological study to document the effect of irrigation on the vectors and transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis in the upper east region of ghana. mosquitoes were collected by indoor spraying of houses in a cluster of communities located around irrigation projects (tono and vea) and others without reservoirs (azoka). anopheles gambiae s.s. was the dominant species and major vector, followed by an. funestus. anopheles arabiensis constituted 9--14% of the an. gambiae comp ... | 2001 | 11469943 |
| annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine plus ivermectin for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy with and without vector control. | two intervention strategies for the control of bancroftian filariasis were compared in rural villages of southern india: annual mass treatment with single-dose diethylcarbamazine plus ivermectin, either on its own or combined with vector control. vector control, based on the use of polystyrene beads and larvivorous fishes in the major breeding sites of culex quinquefasciatus, brought about a drastic and sustained reduction in vector density and man-biting rates. after the first round of treatmen ... | 2001 | 11454246 |
| ambient temperature effects on the extrinsic incubation period of wuchereria bancrofti in aedes polynesiensis: implications for filariasis transmission dynamics and distribution in french polynesia. | temperature effects on development of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (filaridea: onchocercidae) in the main pacific vector aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) are analysed in relation to ambient climatic conditions. a statistical model of the extrinsic cycle duration as a function of temperature is described and used to distinguish three patterns of w. bancrofti transmission dynamics: continuous, fluctuating and discontinuous, occurring from north to south ... | 2001 | 11434550 |
| worms that cause lumps in the mouth. | 2001 | 11417586 | |
| igg- and igg4-detected antigens of dirofilaria immitis adult worms for bancroftian filariasis by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. | in thailand, wuchereria bancrofti filariasis has persisted along the border between thailand and myanmar, its dynamic distribution caused by the infected transmigrants between neighboring countries, and the availability of susceptible mosquito vectors. dirofilaria immitis adult worm was used as a source of antigens, excretory-secretory (es) and partial surface extracts, to detect human filariasis. es products showed several stained bands with coomassie brilliant blue ranging from 14.5-93 kda and ... | 2000 | 11414461 |
| angiostrongyliasis: analysis of antigens of angiostrongylus costaricensis adult worms versus igg from infected patients with angiostrongylus cantonensis. | the possibility of cross-reactivity was previously investigated by indirect elisa with sera from angiostrongylus cantonensis infections, normal controls and a. costaricensis antigen. 5 microg/ml of crude antigen from both sexes of each species reacted with diluted serum samples (1:800) of each of 20 cases of angiostrongyliasis and normal controls, and further with anti-human igg conjugate at 1:1,000. the mean absorbance values were evaluated as follows; normal controls showed a value of 0.033 us ... | 2000 | 11414459 |
| bancroftian filariasis in residents of oman. | 2001 | 11412808 | |
| lymphatic filariasis. | 2001 | 11395916 | |
| transmission intensity determines lymphocyte responsiveness and cytokine bias in human lymphatic filariasis. | humans living in areas where filariasis is endemic vary greatly in their exposure to mosquito-borne infective third-stage larvae (l3) of these parasitic helminths. because the intensity of exposure to ags affects t cell differentiation and susceptibility to parasitic infections in murine models, we compared t cell and cytokine responses in 97 residents of two villages in papua new guinea, where transmission intensity of wuchereria bancrofti differed by 63-fold (37 vs 2355 l3 per person per year) ... | 2001 | 11390495 |
| an analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | this review of the safety of the co-administration regimens to be used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (albendazole + ivermectin or albendazole + diethylcarbamazine [dec]) is based on 17 studies conducted in sri lanka, india, haiti, ghana, tanzania, kenya, ecuador, the philippines, gabon, papua new guinea, and bangladesh. the total data set comprises 90,635 subject exposures and includes individuals of all ages and both genders. results are presented for hospital-based studies, l ... | 2000 | 11386686 |
| ivermectin: effectiveness in lymphatic filariasis. | this detailed review of the published studies underlying ivermectin's recent registration for use in lymphatic filariasis (lf) demonstrates the drug's single-dose efficacy (over the range of 20-400 microg/kg) in clearing microfilaraemia associated with both wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi infections of humans. while doses as low as 20 microg/kg could effect transient microfilarial (mf) clearance, higher dosages induced greater and more sustained mf reduction. the single dose of 400 microg ... | 2000 | 11386685 |
| trans-spliced leader rna, 5s-rrna genes and novel variant orphan spliced-leader of the lymphatic filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti, and a sensitive polymerase chain reaction based detection assay. | a genomic library of wuchereria bancrofti was examined for the presence of the 22 nucleotide spliced leader (sl) which plays a vital role in the maturation of the 5' end of certain mrnas through the addition of a small spliced leader (sl) exon and also in the generation of monocistronic mrna from initial polycistronic transcripts in nematodes. here, we report the characterization of three sl rna genes (slg1, slg2 and slg3), an internal copy of a novel variant sl1 sequence (sl1v) with 23 nucleoti ... | 2001 | 11376950 |
| in wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, asymptomatic microfilaraemia does not progress to amicrofilaraemic lymphatic disease. | in lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti infections, the relationship between the natural course of infection and development of clinical disease remains controversial. the two hypotheses that are widely considered are (1) microfilaraemia represents an early stage of infection which progresses to amicrofilaraemic clinical disease and (2) microfilaraemia and clinical disease are two sequentially unrelated independent entities of the filarial infection and disease. aim to determine whet ... | 2001 | 11369749 |
| human bancroftian filariasis - a role for antibodies to parasite carbohydrates. | studies on immune responses to parasites have been undertaken in filariasis with a view to understand protective immunity, pathogenesis of the disease process and mechanisms of immune deviation. however none of the investigations conducted so far on antibody responses have addressed the issue of immunogenicity of filarial carbohydrate antigens in human lymphatic filariasis. in this communication we report details on relative protein and carbohydrate contents of various developmental stages of fi ... | 2001 | 11359442 |
| a simple and inexpensive dot-blot assay, using a 66-kda brugia malayi microfilarial protein antigen, for diagnosis of bancroftian filarial infection in an endemic area. | 2001 | 11355549 | |
| lymphatic filariasis in uganda: baseline investigations in lira, soroti and katakwi districts. | baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in uganda in 3 communities in the districts of lira (alebtong area), soroti (lwala area) and katakwi (obalanga area), located to the north of lake kyoga at an altitude of 1000-1100 m above sea level. individuals from the communities were examined, in april-august 1998, for wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ict card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-sme ... | 2001 | 11355548 |
| transmission efficiency of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to wuchereria bancrofti infection: an experimental study. | present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of natural (culex quinquefasciatus) and experimental (aedes aegypti) vectors for supporting the development of w. bancrofti larvae for onward transmission. both the species permitted development of w. bancrofti mf to infective larvae (l3) within 11 to 13 days. the mf intake by both the species of mosquitoes was directly related to mf density in donor's blood. culex exhibited higher l3 recovery than aedes. in aedes maximum percent l3 develo ... | 2001 | 11349538 |
| antibody responses of wuchereria bancrofti patients to recombinant brugia pahangi superoxide dismutase. | lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi contains significant amount of cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in the extract of different life stages and in the excretory-secretory product of adults. in the present study recombinant sod from b. pahangi has been used to see the antibody response in wuchereria bancrofti infected patients. the recombinant sod from b. pahangi reacted specifically with w. bancrofti infected sera in elisa and immunoblotting. the reactivity of igm subclass was mor ... | 2001 | 11349523 |
| filariasis as a cause of pleural effusion. | filariasis, a mosquito borne disease is endemic in many tropical countries and sub tropics including india. a 44 years old male presented with signs and symptoms of pleural effusion. pleural fluid on examination was exdudative in nature and showed presence of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | 2000 | 11344622 |
| epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of matara, sri lanka. | the epidemiological parameters of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in three suburbs of matara, within the south-western coastal belt of sri lanka where the disease is endemic. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia and the geometric mean density of the microfilaraemias observed were 4.4% and 20.6 microfilariae/60 microl fingerprick blood, respectively. prevalence was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the male, and in males aged < 20 years than in older males. overall, ... | 2001 | 11339886 |
| wuchereria bancrofti in a community with seasonal transmission: stability of microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody concentrations. | the effect of seasonal transmission on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody levels in individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in a follow-up study in an endemic community in north-eastern tanzania. the subjects were 37 adult male residents who were found to be positive for circulating filarial antigen (cfa) at the beginning of the study (26 of whom were also found microfilaraemic with w. bancrofti at this time). blood samples were collected from ea ... | 2001 | 11339885 |
| clinical and parasitological aspects of bancroftian filariasis in hale, northeast tanzania. | to document the endemicity characteristic of bancroftian filariasis and to validate the effect of blood sampling time adjustment method on microfilarial intensity in relation to sex and age. | 2000 | 11320769 |
| the impact of 34 years of massive dec chemotherapy on wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission: the maupiti cohort. | semi-annual mass dec chemotherapy combined with vector control at the beginning of the programme, has been administered on the remote island of maupiti (french polynesia) since 1955 (except two periods in 1960-67 and 1970-74). the results of two surveys in 1985 and 1989, reporting 0% microfilaraemia, led to the hope that the eradication of lymphatic filariasis had been achieved. we combined parasitological criteria (microfilaraemia by membrane filtration), immunological (antigenaemia and serum l ... | 2001 | 11299035 |
| microfilariae in association with neoplastic lesions: report of five cases. | microfilariae and adult filarial worms have occasionally been detected in association with neoplastic lesions in cytological smears. the presence of microfilariae along with neoplasms is generally regarded as a chance association, yet some authors suggest that such parasitic infestations may be a causative factor for tumourigenesis. there are only a few reported cases in cytology literature documenting this association. we report the presence of microfilariae in routine cytology smears from one ... | 2001 | 11284956 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction: a potentially useful tool for large-scale control programmes. | focally endemic bancroftian filariasis is targeted for elimination in the nile delta of egypt. improved methods are needed for identifying endemic villages to be included in the control programme and for monitoring its success. we have evaluated the performance of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay in estimating wuchereria bancrofti infection in pools of culex pipiens (1-25 females) from 2 adjacent villages with high (el qolzom, 10.8%) and low (kafr shorafa, 2.1%) prevalence rates of human ... | 2001 | 11280059 |
| a lump in the mouth. | 2001 | 11265955 | |
| [the control of lymphatic filariasis]. | recent advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of lymphatic filariasis have raised hopes for eradication. development of an easy-to-use, rapid-format diagnostic tool has facilitated precise location of infectious zones thus allowing quick intervention. two new drugs, i.e., ivermectin and albendazole, have been shown to be highly effective in the management of microfilariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori thus greatly expanding a therapeutic arsen ... | 2000 | 11258066 |
| effect of aggressive prolonged diethylcarbamazine therapy on circulating antigen levels in bancroftian filariasis. | single dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) as used in control programmes is effectively microfilaricidal for periods of up to a year or more but has incomplete ability to kill wuchereria bancrofti adult parasites. these regimens can be effective in breaking transmission by suppression of circulating microfilariae available to mosquito vectors. whether prolonged or aggressive therapy with dec has a significant effect on adult worms, which may live up to 12 years or more, and is important in the context ... | 2001 | 11251894 |
| a four year follow up study of filaria specific ige response in individuals with hydrocele. | hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation in males infected with wuchereria bancrofti. ige response to a filarial allergen sd30 was evaluated in hydrocele patients living in a w. bancrofti endemic region of orissa, india. | 2000 | 11247197 |
| estimated costs of acute adenolymphangitis to patients with chronic manifestations of bancroftian filariasis in india. | in india, lymphatic filariasis persists as a major cause of clinical morbidity and as an impediment to socio-economic development. the direct costs incurred for the treatment of adeno-lymphangitis (adl) episodes and the consequent indirect costs due to loss of income were determined from selected agricultural labour-intensive rural endemic pockets in tamil nadu. information on the occurrence of adl, its frequency and duration were collected using semi-structured questionnaire from randomly selec ... | 1999 | 11243067 |
| human bancroftian filariasis: loss of patent microfilaraemia is not associated with production of antibodies to microfilarial sheath. | antisheath antibodies have been incriminated in elimination of circulating microfilariae in human filariasis since a very significant inverse association has been consistently demonstrated between the two parameters. an attempt was made in the present study to seek empirical proof for the above proposal. two cohorts of 43 and 73 microfilariae (mf) carriers were examined after 13 and 10 years, respectively, for mf as well as antisheath antibodies. the first cohort was also examined for the presen ... | 2001 | 11240907 |
| non-filarial elephantiasis in the mt. elgon area (kapchorwa district) of uganda. | following reports of a high frequency of elephantiasis in kwen county (kapchorwa district) on the slopes of mt. elgon in uganda, a baseline survey for lymphatic filariasis was carried out in three villages in the affected area. individuals aged 1 year and above were examined for chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis, and for specific circulating filarial antigens and microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. elephantiasis was observed in all age groups from 10 years and above. the overall ... | 2001 | 11230827 |
| evaluation of the whole blood filariasis ict test for short-term monitoring after antifilarial treatment. | the immunochromatographic (ict) filariasis test is a rapid screening tool that will be useful for defining the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria bancrofti as part of the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. to address questions about its usefulness for monitoring control programs, we used the ict filariasis test to assess residual antigen levels following antifilarial treatment. our results demonstrate that antigen levels persist in microfilaria-negative persons for up to th ... | 2000 | 11220767 |
| development of anti-filarial antibodies in a group of expatriate mine-site workers with varying exposure to the disease. | 2000 | 11198663 | |
| wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes in the pathogenesis of disease and as a target for control. | 2000 | 11198638 | |
| occurrence of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria in a filarial endemic area of orissa, india. | to determine the frequency of occurrence of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria in filarial endemic area of orissa, where the mf rate and disease rate were observed to be 14.8% and 37.2% respectively, clinical examination, night blood smear examination, morning midstream urine examination were conducted on 697 persons-randomly selected from all age groups in 8 villages of puri tehsil. out of them, 15.6% were found to have asymptomatic haematuria (grade i-14.7%, grade ii-0.6%, grade-iii 0.3%). th ... | 2000 | 11198403 |
| [parasitologic diagnosis. filariasis]. | 2000 | 11187230 | |
| [bancroftian filariasis in urban areas of alagoas state, northeast brazil: study in the general population]. | in order to assess the present status of lymphatic filariasis in alagoas state, brazil, hemoscopic surveys were carried out in the human population of the three different physiographic regions of the state. blood samples were collected by thick smear technique taken after 10:00 p.m. from a total of 101 cities of the state, 10 were randomly selected, bancroftian filariasis was only found in maceió, the capital of alagoas state. in a cross-sectional survey conducted among the general population of ... | 2000 | 11175584 |
| elimination of bancroftian filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti) in santa catarina state, brazil. | during the 1950s, three foci of wuchereria bancrofti transmission were identified in the state of santa catarina, brazil. in florianópolis, são josé da ponta grossa and barra da laguna community treatment of bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (dec) was performed using two distinct approaches, without vector control or improvements in sanitation. in two of the three communities only microfilaraemic individuals were treated, while in barra da laguna the entire population received dec t ... | 2000 | 11169273 |
| a programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in tamil nadu state, india: compliance with annual single-dose dec mass treatment and some related operational aspects. | this paper reports on dec distribution and compliance with treatment in a large-scale annual single-dose mass treatment programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in the south indian state of tamil nadu. 76.9% of households (82.5% in rural areas and 58.0% in urban areas) were aware of drug distribution for control of filariasis. dec was given to 70% (= distribution rate) (range 0-92%) of the population and 53.5% (range 12-89%) complied with treatment. the distribution rate was more than 75% in ... | 2000 | 11169272 |
| detection of filarial larvae in mosquitoes with oligonucleotide probe. | to investigate a new way to detect filarial larvae in mosquitoes and apply it to the surveillance of filariasis. | 1998 | 11155672 |
| evaluation of pcr-based methods for the diagnosis of infection in bancroftian filariasis. | the value of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection was evaluated in comparison to microscopical examination of night blood smears, nuclepore filtration, serology and ultrasonography. no correlation was found between pcr-based deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probing and serology. we did not find any evidence of free filarial dna in either blood plasma or chylocoele fluid. we conclude that the 2 pcr-based techniques evaluated are not more sensitive than ... | 2000 | 11132382 |
| bancroftian filariasis: prevalence of antigenaemia and endemic normals in orissa, india. | 2000 | 11132379 | |
| a study of filarial transmission in a non-endemic area of pathankot (punjab). | a filariasis survey was conducted in july 1998 in pathankot town of punjab covering a population of 28, 041. a total of 2136 blood smears were collected from migratory and local inhabitants. microfilaria (mf) rate and mean mf density was 1.19 and 15.05 respectively. disease rate was nil. all the 20 microfilaria carriers detected were known to hall from filaria endemic areas of different states. mf rate was highest in 20-49 years age-group, whereas mf density was high in younger age group. wucher ... | 2000 | 11129567 |
| field evaluation of two diagnostic antigen tests for wuchereria bancrofti infection among indian expatriates in saudi arabia. | two commercially available diagnostic tools (tro-bio elisa and ict card test) were used to detect circulating filarial antigen of wuchereria bancrofti infections among indian expatriate workers in saudi arabia. daytime serum samples collected from 302 individuals (210 men and 92 women) were tested. night blood surveys for microfilaraemia were restricted to those individuals who became positive for the trop-bio assay test. the overall prevalence of filarial antigeaemia was 10.6% (32 individuals). ... | 2000 | 11127350 |
| a preliminary analysis of wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial antigens for potential use in diagnosis. | several antigens from the microfilarial stage of wuchereria bancrofti have been identified using immunoblots of microfilarial antigens and screening with immune sera and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) sera. this analysis revealed an array of antigens with apparent molecular weights of 14kda, 35kda, 42kda, 63kda, 88kda, 97kda and 200kda. among these only the 14kda and 42kda antigens were consistently recognized by most of the immune sera. a 132kda antigen was recognized only by tpe sera. a ... | 2000 | 11127321 |
| tolerance to diethylcarbamazine-medicated salt in individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus. | the tolerance of onchocerca volvulus-infected individuals to diethylcarbamazine (dec)-medicated salt (0.33% w/w) was assessed in 1996 in tanzania in a double-blind placebo-controlled hospital-based trial involving 4 groups, each of 10 adult males. groups i and ii had o. volvulus microfilariae (mf) only, group iii had both o. volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti mf, and group iv had w. bancrofti mf only. groups i, iii and iv received dec-medicated salt, whereas group ii was a control to group i and ... | 2000 | 11127254 |
| single-dose treatment of wuchereria bancrofti infections with ivermectin and albendazole alone or in combination: evaluation of the potential for control at 12 months after treatment. | the effect of single-dose ivermectin (150-200 micrograms/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) treatment alone and in combination on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and clinical manifestations was compared 12 months after treatment in a double-blind placebo-controlled field trial carried out in ghana in 1996-98, to evaluate the potential of these treatments for control. both ivermectin and combination treatments resulted in pronounced reductions in microfilaraemia among individuals who ... | 2000 | 11127253 |
| genital manifestations and reproductive health in female residents of a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in tanzania. | to assess the significance of lymphatic filariasis for the development of chronic genital manifestations and for reproductive health in women, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2 villages in north-eastern tanzania including interview and gynaecological examination of adult women, focusing primarily on reproductive history and genital health. in a population of 2165 residents, prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia was 28%, and geometric mean intensity of microfilariae (mf) was ... | 2000 | 11127246 |
| re: s.p. pani et al. evaluation of the ict whole blood antigen card test to detect infection due to nocturnally periodic wucheria bancrofti in south india. tropical medicine and international health 5, 359-363. | 2000 | 11123833 | |
| tolerability and efficacy of single-dose diethyl carbamazine (dec) or ivermectin in the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in pondicherry, south india. | in a double blind design the tolerability and efficacy of single-dose dec (6 mg/kg/body weight) or ivermectin (400 microg/kg/body weight) was studied in 30 asymptomatic w. bancrofti parasite carriers each. although both drugs were tolerated well, the adverse reaction score (dec 0.5; ivermectin 1.5) and overall incidence (dec 65.0%; ivermectin 93.3%) were significantly higher in the ivermectin group. major adverse reactions were fever, headache and myalgia, all of which peaked on the second day p ... | 2000 | 11123825 |
| protective immunity in human bancroftian filariasis: inverse relationship between antibodies to microfilarial sheath and circulating filarial antigens. | the existence and the nature of protective immunity in human filariasis continues to be a subject of intense debate. while there is no broad consensus on functional immunity against larval and adult stage parasites, anti-microfilarial immunity has been demonstrated to be mediated by antibodies to the microfilarial sheath. in the present study, circulating filarial antigens (cfa), a marker of active filarial infection in human bancroftian filariasis, was found to be inversely associated with anti ... | 2000 | 11123755 |
| pathogenesis of lymphatic disease in bancroftian filariasis: a clinical perspective. | the pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis has been a matter of debate for many decades. here, gerusa dreyer and colleagues propose a dynamic model of bancroftian filariasis, integrating clinical, parasitological, surgical, therapeutic, ultrasonographic and histopathological data. this model has profound implications for filariasis control programs and the management of the individual patient. | 2000 | 11121854 |
| [bancroftian filariasis in madagascar: persistent endemicity]. | a major study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in 9 health districts located mainly on the east and north coast of madagascar between 1995 and 1997. the study population included 2524 people 10 years or older. on the east and north coast, the incidence of microfilarial carriers varied depending on location from 7 p. 100 to 47 p. 100 in men and 3 p. 100 to 33 p. 100 in women. the highest incidences, i.e., around 33 p. 100 in both sexes, were observed in the sout ... | 2000 | 11100439 |
| insecticides and mosquito-borne disease. | 2000 | 11069167 | |
| transmission of the nocturnal periodic strain of wuchereria bancrofti by culex quinquefasciatus: establishing the potential for urban filariasis in thailand. | control programmes have reduced the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in thailand to low levels. recently, there has been an influx of more than one million myanmar immigrants into urban centres of thailand. the prevalence of patent wuchereria bancrofti infection in these immigrants (2-5%) has prompted concern in the public health community that the potential now exists for a re-emergence of bancroftian filariasis in thailand. it is possible that an urban cycle of transmission could become es ... | 2000 | 11057979 |
| application of a polymerase chain reaction-elisa to detect wuchereria bancrofti in pools of wild-caught anopheles punctulatus in a filariasis control area in papua new guinea. | chemotherapy-based eradication programs are aimed at stopping transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by its obligatory mosquito vector. this study compares one year post-treatment w. bancrofti infection rates of anopheles punctulatus, the main vector of lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea, using traditional dissection techniques and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based elisa of a parasite-specific ssp i repeat. a total of 633 mosquitoes in 35 batches were dissected. six batches contained w ... | 2000 | 11037778 |
| lymphatic filariasis--lest we forget. | 2000 | 11026897 | |
| field evaluation of a rapid-format kit for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in egypt. | the amrad-ict filariasis test (ict-fil) is a new, rapid-format card test for the detection of bancroftian antigenaemia in human blood. we evaluated the performance of the test under field conditions in egypt by comparing 1813 endemic and 102 nonendemic participants. endemic participants were tested for microfilaraemia (thick smear and membrane filtration) and serum antigenaemia (elisa). the infection rates detected were 2.8% by thick smear, 3.5% by membrane filtration, 8.8% by elisa and 9.0% by ... | 1999 | 10983526 |
| epifil: the development of an age-structured model for describing the transmission dynamics and control of lymphatic filariasis. | mathematical models of transmission dynamics of infectious diseases provide a useful tool for investigating the impact of community based control measures. previously, we used a dynamic (constant force-of-infection) model for lymphatic filariasis to describe observed patterns of infection and disease in endemic communities. in this paper, we expand the model to examine the effects of control options against filariasis by incorporating the impact of age structure of the human community and by add ... | 2000 | 10982078 |
| the transmission dynamics of bancroftian filariasis: the distribution of the infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae and its effect on parasite escape from the vector. | the anatomical distribution of the infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae, and its influence on l3 escape, was evaluated by exposing the vectors to human individuals infected with w. bancrofti. after the extrinsic incubation period of w. bancrofti, a random sample of the infected mosquitoes was dissected to determine the distribution of infective larvae in the body of the mosquitoes and the proportion of mosquitoes that were infected. the re ... | 2000 | 10975016 |
| intraocular filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti. | 2000 | 10975010 | |
| a pregnant breast lump. | 2000 | 10972373 | |
| the impact of housing structures on filarial infection. | a study was undertaken to correlate the impact of housing and patterns of house construction on the vector density and transmission of filaria among the inhabitants of these houses. three different types of houses in ecologically similar hamlets of hariharpur village in varanasi were selected for determining the density of culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of wuchereria bancrofti and its infectivity. the maximum per man hour density of the vector was recorded during march (31.66, 40.33 and 41.3 ... | 2000 | 10957707 |
| a polymerase chain reaction based method for the detection of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | culex quinquefasciatus say is the major vector of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) which causes lymphatic filariasis in humans. a repetitive dna sequence from the genome of c. quinquefasciatus has been cloned and completely sequenced. the 693 bp cloned fragment had an a+t content of 72%. dot matrix analysis of the fragment did not reveal any direct or inverted repeats within it. southern blot analysis using a variety of restriction enzymes appeared to indicate that the cloned ... | 2000 | 10948365 |
| the impact of environmental and entomological factors on intervillage filarial focality in the nile delta. | in the nile delta of egypt, levels of w. bancrofti infection in humans vary among nearby villages. ecological and entomological factors that might explain variability between adjacent villages, el qolzom (qol) and kafr shorafa (ksh) with respective 10.8% and 2.1% microfilaria (mf) prevalence were examined. the epidemiological study covered 127 and 79 houses scattered in qol and ksh, respectively, and described 25 items relating to housing characters, socio-economic state and human activities. it ... | 2000 | 10946509 |
| the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in north-eastern brazil. | the periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mff) in peripheral blood was analysed in 42 microfilaraemics living in maceió, in alagoas state, north-eastern brazil. nine blood samples were collected from each subject, over a 24-h period, and two quantitative (60-microliter) thick smears were prepared from each sample. although all the subjects had detectable microfilaraemias from 23.00 hours to 06.00 hours, no mff could be detected in most (71.4%) of the smears prepared from samples col ... | 2000 | 10945047 |
| comparative epidemiological studies on lymphatic filariasis, between tribal and non-tribal populations of bankura district, west bengal, india. | there is little information on the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis, caused by infection with wuchereria bancrofti, in west bengal. that which is known mostly relates to calcutta and its suburbs, and there have been few studies on the disease among the tribal populations of the state. the present study was designed to compare the epidemiology of filariasis in tribal and non-tribal populations living in bankura district. blood samples were collected at night from 2076 tribal and 4985 non-trib ... | 2000 | 10945046 |
| the impact of lymphatic filariasis on labour inputs in southern india: results of a multi-site study. | a multi-site study was undertaken, in the rural areas of three districts in tamil nadu state, in southern india, to examine the impact of acute and chronic forms of lymphatic filariasis, caused by infection with wuchereria bancrofti, on labour inputs. more than half of the acute episodes of adenolymphangitis (adl) observed in the study communities caused total disability. the mean (s.d.) time that each adl case was able to allocate to economic activity each day during these acute episodes was mu ... | 2000 | 10945045 |
| temporal variations in biting density and rhythm of culex quinquefasciatus in tea agro-ecosystem of assam, india. | temporal changes in the biting density and host-seeking periodicity of culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis, were studied for two years in the tea agro-ecosystem of assam, india. average biting density of the vector varied from 0.8/hour in december to 13.3/hour in march. minimum temperature was found to have a limiting effect on the biting density of the vector mosquitos. multiple regression analysis showed that the rainfall and minimum temperature were significant factor ... | 1999 | 10928380 |
| a 60 year old woman with axillary mass. diagnosis: axillary lymphadenitis: filarial. | 2000 | 10908384 | |
| lymphatic filariasis in the philippines. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi is endemic throughout most of the southern half of the philippine archipelago. economic and manpower shortages prior to 1996 made it difficult to acquire new prevalence data and vector control data concurrently from all provinces. nevertheless, analysis of cumulative prevalence data on filariasis indicates the persistence of filariasis in each of the three major island groups - luzon, visayas and mindanao - including 45 out of ... | 2000 | 10900480 |
| a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | the efficacy and safety of single-dose ivermectin (150-200 micrograms/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) treatment administered separately or in combination for wuchereria bancrofti infections were assessed in 1996-98 in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in ghana: 1425 individuals from 4 lymphatic filariasis-endemic villages, 340 of whom were microfilaria (mf)-positive before treatment, were randomized into 4 groups to receive albendazole alone, ivermectin alone, combination of ... | 2000 | 10897370 |
| an improved knott's concentration test for the detection of microfilariae. | 2000 | 10897361 | |
| lymphatic filariasis in the caribbean region: the opportunity for its elimination and certification. | in order to support the case for a certification of elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) in some caribbean countries, we compared the prevalence of circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen in communities in guyana, suriname, and trinidad. for the study, we assayed school children in six communities in guyana, five communities in suriname, and three communities in trinidad for the prevalence of circulating w. bancrofti antigen, using a new immunochromatographic test for lf. we also assayed ad ... | 2000 | 10893972 |
| role of streptococcal infection in the acute pathology of lymphatic filariasis. | growing evidence suggest that secondary bacterial, mainly streptococcal, infections contribute significantly to recurrent episodes of acute adenolymphangitis (adl) of filarial origin. we examined the role of group a streptococci in the progression of lymphedema in polynesian patients with filariasis-related adl (22 cases) or chronic pathology (10 cases), or with erysipela (10 patients) and, as controls, in 20 healthy adults. antistreptolysin o (aslo) and anti-streptodornase b (asdb) titers were ... | 2000 | 10887654 |