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a causal gene for seed dormancy on wheat chromosome 4a encodes a map kinase kinase.seed germination under the appropriate environmental conditions is important both for plant species survival and for successful agriculture. seed dormancy, which controls germination time, is one of the adaptation mechanisms and domestication traits [1]. seed dormancy is generally defined as the absence of germination of a viable seed under conditions that are favorable for germination [2]. the seed dormancy of cultivated plants has generally been reduced during domestication [3]. bread wheat (t ...201626948878
degradation of bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl residues in stored wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) by ozonation.pesticide insecticides are used on wheat grains in storage units but their efficiency is hindered by persistent residues in the grains. therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone (o3) gas treatment on the degradation of residual bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides commonly used in storage wheat grains, as well as to evaluate degradation of their by-products. the residues of bifenthrin decreased after 180 min of exposure in a concentration of 60 μmol/mol (a 37.5 ± ...201626948611
a whole-genome, radiation hybrid mapping resource of hexaploid wheat.generating a contiguous, ordered reference sequence of a complex genome such as hexaploid wheat (2n = 6x = 42; approximately 17 gb) is a challenging task due to its large, highly repetitive, and allopolyploid genome. in wheat, ordering of whole-genome or hierarchical shotgun sequencing contigs is primarily based on recombination and comparative genomics-based approaches. however, comparative genomics approaches are limited to syntenic inference and recombination is suppressed within the pericent ...201626945524
a rapid phenotyping method for adult plant resistance to leaf rust in wheat.leaf rust (lr), caused by puccinia triticina and is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the most sustainable method for controlling rust diseases is deployment of cultivars incorporating adult plant resistance (apr). however, phenotyping breeding populations or germplasm collections for resistance in the field is dependent on weather conditions and limited to once a year. in this study, we explored the ability to phenotype apr to lr under accelerated growth conditions (agc; i.e ...201626941830
allelic variations of α-gliadin genes from species of aegilops section sitopsis and insights into evolution of α-gliadin multigene family among triticum and aegilops.the α-gliadins account for 15-30 % of the total storage protein in wheat endosperm and play important roles in the dough extensibility and nutritional quality. on the other side, they act as a main source of toxic peptides triggering celiac disease. in this study, 37 α-gliadins were isolated from three species of aegilops section sitopsis. sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses revealed novel allelic variation at gli-2 loci of species of sitopsis and regular organization of motifs in thei ...201626940567
identification and genetic mapping of pmaf7ds a powdery mildew resistance gene in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gene pmaf7ds confers resistance to wheat powdery mildew (isolate bgt#211 ); it was mapped to a 14.6-cm interval ( xgwm350 a- xbarc184 ) on chromosome 7ds. the flanking markers could be applied in mas breeding. wheat powdery mildew (pm) is caused by the biotrophic pathogen blumeria graminis tritici (dc.) (bgt). an ongoing threat of breakdown of race-specific resistance to pm requires a continuous effort to discover new alleles in the wheat gene pool. developing new cultivars with improved disease ...201626934890
elucidation of defense-related signaling responses to spot blotch infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).spot blotch disease, caused by bipolaris sorokiniana, is an important threat to wheat, causing an annual loss of ~17%. under epidemic conditions, these losses may be 100%, yet the molecular responses of wheat to spot blotch remain almost uncharacterized. moreover, defense-related phytohormone signaling genes have been poorly characterized in wheat. here, we have identified 18 central components of salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene (et), and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1 ...201626932764
impact of organic and mineral inputs onto soil biological and metabolic activities under a long-term rice-wheat cropping system in sub-tropical indian inceptisols.long-term use of organic and mineral inputs has an overriding impact on soil biological and metabolic activities and crop management. farm yard manure (fym), paddy straw (ps) and green manure (gm, sesbania sesban l.) were used for 24- years old rice (oyza sativa l.) -wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping system in sub-tropical india to predict whether the screened soil biological and metabolic activities are correlated with system yield. the integrated approaches viz., npk + fym, npk + ps and np ...201626930864
elevated atmospheric [co2 ] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves.wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric co2 [co2 ], which is expected to rise from about 400 μmol mol(-1) in 2015 to 550 μmol mol(-1) by 2050. changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [co2 ] (e[co2 ]) are well documented for some environments, but field-level responses in dryland mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. the australian grains free air co2 enrichment facility was established to compare whea ...201626929390
pure anatase and rutile + anatase nanoparticles differently affect wheat seedlings.tio2-nanoparticles (tio2-nps) are increasingly released to the environment. the present work investigates the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and uptake of tio2-nps in triticum aestivum. wheat seeds were exposed to 5-150 mg l(-1) of anatase (ana) or rutile + anatase (rut + ana) tio2-nps for 5 d. after exposure, germination and growth rates were determined. cytotoxic effects were evaluated by changes in the cell cycle dynamics and in the membrane integrity. genotoxicity was assessed by ploidy mutation ...201626928332
effect of sulfated chitooligosaccharides on wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) under salt stress.in this study, sulfated chitooligosaccharide (scos) was applied to wheat seedlings to investigate its effect on the plants' defense response under salt stress. the antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence characters of wheat seedlings were determined at a certain time. the results showed that treatment with exogenous scos could decrease the content of malondialdehyde, increase the chlorophyll contents, and modulate fluorescence characters in wheat seedlings under sal ...201626927620
the assessment of soil availability and wheat grain status of zinc and iron in serbia: implications for human nutrition.the deficiency of zinc (zn) and iron (fe) is a global issue causing not only considerable yield losses of food crops but also serious health problems. we have analysed zn and fe concentrations in the grains of two bread wheat cultivars along native gradient of micronutrient availability throughout serbia. although only 13% of the soil samples were zn deficient and none was fe deficient, the levels of these micronutrients in grain were rather low (median values of 21 mg kg(-1) for zn and 36 mg kg ...201626925726
induced mutations in the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes increase amylose and resistant starch content in durum wheat.starch is the largest component of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain and consists of approximately 70-80% amylopectin and 20-30% amylose. amylopectin is a highly-branched, readily digested polysaccharide, whereas amylose has few branches and forms complexes that resist digestion and mimic dietary fiber (resistant starch). down-regulation of the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) gene by rna interference (rnai) was previously shown to increase amylose content in both hexaploid and tetraploid ...201726924849
treatment of common effluent treatment plant wastewater in a sequential anoxic-oxic batch reactor by developed bacterial consortium vn11.a laboratory-scale anoxic-oxic sequential reactor system was seeded with acclimatized mixed microbial consortium for the treatment of common effluent treatment plant (cetp) wastewater having 7000-7400 mg l(-1) of cod and 3000-3400 mg l(-1) of bod. initially, cetp wastewater was treated under anoxic reactor at 5000 mg l(-1) of mlss concentrations, 5.26 ± 0.27 kg cod m(-3) day(-1) of organic loading rate (olr) and 36 h of hydraulic retention time (hrt). further, the effluent of anoxic reactor was ...201626923717
complete chloroplast genomes of aegilops tauschii coss. and ae. cylindrica host sheds light on plasmon d evolution.hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., genomes aabbdd) originated in south caucasus by allopolyploidization of the cultivated emmer wheat t. dicoccum (genomes aabb) with the caucasian ae. tauschii ssp strangulata (genomes dd). genetic variation of ae. tauschii is an important natural resource, that is why it is of particular importance to investigate how this variation was formed during ae. tauschii evolutionary history and how it is presented through the species area. the d genome is also found ...201626923563
physical mapping of agropyron cristatum chromosome 6p using deletion lines in common wheat background.genetically stable deletion lines of agropyron cristatum chromosome 6p in common wheat background were generated, which allowed for physical mapping of 255 6p-specific sts markers and leaf rust resistance gene(s). chromosomal deletion lines are valuable tools for gene discovery and localization. the chromosome 6p of agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) confers many desirable agronomic traits to common wheat, such as higher grain number per spike, multiple fertile tiller number, and enhanced ...201626920547
effect of pleurotus eryngii mushroom β-glucan on quality characteristics of common wheat pasta.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucan-rich fractions (bgrfs) from pleurotus eryngii mushroom powder on the quality, textural properties, and sensory evaluation of common wheat pasta. pasta was prepared from semolina flour and common wheat flour by replacing common wheat flour at 2%, 4%, and 6% with bgrfs. semolina flour showed significantly higher viscosities than common wheat flour samples. however, all viscosities, except the breakdown viscosity, were reduced with ...201626919287
the plant response induced in wheat ears by a combined attack of sitobion avenae aphids and fusarium graminearum boosts fungal infection and deoxynivalenol production.the pathogen fusarium graminearum, producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, and sitobion avenae aphids both reside on wheat ears. we explored the influence of an earlier aphid infestation on the expression profile of specific molecular markers associated with f. graminearum infection. using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we followed the expression of wheat defence genes on s. avenae infestation and explored the effect on a subsequent f. graminearum infect ...201726918628
composition, assembly, and trafficking of a wheat xylan synthase complex.xylans play an important role in plant cell wall integrity and have many industrial applications. characterization of xylan synthase (xs) complexes responsible for the synthesis of these polymers is currently lacking. we recently purified xs activity from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. to further characterize this purified activity, we analyzed its protein composition and assembly. proteomic analysis identified six main proteins: two glycosyltransferases (gts) tagt43-4 and tagt47 ...201626917684
identification of novel and useful est-ssr markers from de novo transcriptome sequence of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are highly informative, polymorphic, and co-dominant mendelian markers that provide an important genomic resource for genetic research. recently, the use of large-scale transcriptome sequence has become a reliable and efficient approach for the identification and development of new est-ssr markers. in this study, 8389 potential ssrs with a minimum of five repetitions for all motifs were identified from 121,210 unigenes. gene ontology analysis indicated that the uni ...201626909990
cloning and expression analysis of cysteine protease gene (mwcp) in agropyron mongolicum keng.in this study, a cysteine protease gene (mwcp) from agropyron mongolicum keng was isolated using race. sequence analysis indicated that mwcp was 1473 bp, and it contained a 1134-bp open reading frame, which encoded 377 amino acids with a 24-amino acid n-terminal signal peptide. the results indicated that the mwcp protein was a new member of the papain c1a family, and it was predicted to be an extracellular, secretory stable hydrophilic protein. the secondary structure of mwcp was mainly composed ...201626909915
durable resistance to the wheat rusts: integrating systems biology and traditional phenotype-based research methods to guide the deployment of resistance genes.genes which confer partial resistance to the rusts in wheat figure prominently in discussions of potential durable resistance strategies. the positional cloning of the first of these genes, lr34/yr18 and yr36, has revealed different protein structures, suggesting that the category of partial resistance genes, as defined by phenotype, likely groups together suites of functionally heterogenous genes. with the number of mapped partial rust resistance genes increasing rapidly as a result of ongoing ...201126900170
characterization of new allele influencing flowering time in bread wheat introgressed from triticum militinae.flowering time variation was identified within a mapping population of doubled haploid lines developed from a cross between the introgressive line 8.1 and spring bread wheat cv. tähti. the line 8.1 carried introgressions from tetraploid triticum militinae in the cv. tähti genetic background on chromosomes 1a, 2a, 4a, 5a, 7a, 1b and 5b. the most significant qtl for the flowering time variation was identified within the introgressed region on chromosome 5a and its largest effect was associated wit ...201626899284
the grain hardness locus characterized in a diverse wheat panel (triticum aestivum l.) adapted to the central part of the fertile crescent: genetic diversity, haplotype structure, and phylogeny.wheat belongs to the most important crops domesticated in the fertile crescent. in this region, fortunately, locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in farmers' fields. this material might be of immense value for future breeding programs. however, especially wheat germplasm adapted to the central part of the fertile crescent has been poorly characterized for allelic variation at key loci of agricultural importance. grain hardness is an important trait influencing milling and baking qua ...201626898967
proteomic analysis of plasma membrane proteins in wheat roots exposed to phenanthrene.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are potentially carcinogenic and toxic to humans through ingestion of contaminated food crops. pahs can enter crop roots through proton/pah symporters; however, to date, the symporter remains unclear. here we reveal, for the first time, the plasma membrane proteome of triticum aestivum seedling roots in response to phenanthrene (a model pah) exposure. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with maldi-tof/tof-ms and protein database search engin ...201626897580
expression partitioning of homeologs and tandem duplications contribute to salt tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).salt stress dramatically reduces crop yield and quality, but the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance remain largely unknown. to explore the wheat transcriptional response to salt stress, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of 10-day old wheat roots under normal condition and 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after salt stress (hass) in both a salt-tolerant cultivar and salt-sensitive cultivar. the results demonstrated global gene expression reprogramming with 36,804 genes that were ...201626892368
wheat allergy: diagnosis and management.triticum aestivum (bread wheat) is the most widely grown crop worldwide. in genetically predisposed individuals, wheat can cause specific immune responses. a food allergy to wheat is characterized by t helper type 2 activation which can result in immunoglobulin e (ige) and non-ige mediated reactions. ige mediated reactions are immediate, are characterized by the presence of wheat-specific ige antibodies, and can be life-threatening. non-ige mediated reactions are characterized by chronic eosinop ...201626889090
bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain protein concentration is related to early post-flowering nitrate uptake under putative control of plant satiety level.the strong negative correlation between grain protein concentration (gpc) and grain yield (gy) in bread wheat complicates the simultaneous improvement of these traits. however, earlier studies have concluded that the deviation from this relationship (grain protein deviation or gpd) has strong genetic basis. genotypes with positive gpd have an increased ability to uptake nitrogen (n) during the post-flowering period independently of the amount of n taken up before flowering, suggesting that genet ...201626886933
wheat transcription factor taareb3 participates in drought and freezing tolerances in arabidopsis.areb (aba response element binding) proteins in plants play direct regulatory roles in response to multiple stresses, but their functions in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are not clear. in the present study, taareb3, a new member of the areb transcription factor family, was isolated from wheat. sequence analysis showed that the taareb3 protein is composed of three parts, a conserved n-terminal, a variable m region, and a conserved c-terminal with a bzip domain. it belongs to the group a subfamily ...201626884722
transfer of useful variability of high grain iron and zinc from aegilops kotschyi into wheat through seed irradiation approach.to transfer the 2s chromosomal fragment(s) of aegilops kotschyi (2s(k)) into the bread wheat genome which could lead to the biofortification of wheat with high grain iron and zinc content.201626883304
unreduced gamete formation in wheat × aegilops spp. hybrids is genotype specific and prevented by shared homologous subgenomes.the presence of homologous subgenomes inhibited unreduced gamete formation in wheat × aegilops interspecific hybrids. unreduced gamete rates were under the control of the wheat nuclear genome. production of unreduced gametes is common among interspecific hybrids, and may be affected by parental genotypes and genomic similarity. in the present study, five cultivars of triticum aestivum and two tetraploid aegilops species (i.e. ae. triuncialis and ae. cylindrica) were reciprocally crossed to produ ...201626883221
cloning of tasst genes associated with water soluble carbohydrate content in bread wheat stems and development of a functional marker.we cloned tasst genes, developed a gene-specific marker for tasst-d1, and identified three qtl in the doumai/shi 4185 ril population. tasst-d1 is within one of the three qtl. sucrose:sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst), a critical enzyme in the fructan biosynthetic pathway, is significantly and positively associated with water soluble carbohydrate (wsc) content in bread wheat stems. in the present study, wheat 1-sst genes (tasst) were isolated and located on chromosomes 4a, 7a and 7d. sequenc ...201626883047
comprehensive identification of lmw-gs genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety.although it is well known that low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) from wheat affect bread and noodle processing quality, the function of specific lmw-gs proteins remains unclear. it is important to find the genes that correspond to individual lmw-gs proteins in order to understand the functions of specific proteins. the objective of this study was to link lmw-gs genes and haplotypes characterized using well known glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 gene-specific primers to their protein prod ...201626882917
prioritizing quantitative trait loci for root system architecture in tetraploid wheat.optimization of root system architecture (rsa) traits is an important objective for modern wheat breeding. linkage and association mapping for rsa in two recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel of 183 elite durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) accessions evaluated as seedlings grown on filter paper/polycarbonate screening plates revealed 20 clusters of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for root length and number, as well as 30 qtls for root growth angle ...201626880749
comprehensive profiling of lysine acetylproteome analysis reveals diverse functions of lysine acetylation in common wheat.lysine acetylation of proteins, a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, plays a critical regulatory role in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. several researches have been carried out on acetylproteome in plants. however, until now, there have been no data on common wheat, the major cereal crop in the world. in this study, we performed a global acetylproteome analysis of common wheat variety (triticum aestivum l.), chinese spring. in total, 416 lysine modification sites were iden ...201626875666
rhizosheaths on wheat grown in acid soils: phosphorus acquisition efficiency and genetic control.rhizosheaths comprise soil bound to roots, and in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rhizosheath size correlates with root hair length. the aims of this study were to determine the effect that a large rhizosheath has on the phosphorus (p) acquisition by wheat and to investigate the genetic control of rhizosheath size in wheat grown on acid soil.near-isogenic wheat lines differing in rhizosheath size were evaluated on two acid soils. the soils were fertilized with mineral nutrients and included treatme ...201626873980
expvip: a customizable rna-seq data analysis and visualization platform.the majority of transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) expression studies in plants remain underutilized and inaccessible due to the use of disparate transcriptome references and the lack of skills and resources to analyze and visualize these data. we have developed expvip, an expression visualization and integration platform, which allows easy analysis of rna-seq data combined with an intuitive and interactive interface. users can analyze public and user-specified data sets with minimal bioinformat ...201626869702
assessing the efficacy of co-inoculation of wheat seedlings with the associative bacteria paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 and azospirillum brasilense sp245.co-inoculation of associative bacteria, which have high nitrogen-fixing activity, tolerance for environmental conditions, and the ability to compete with the natural microflora, is used widely to enhance the growth and yields of agricultural plants. we evaluated the ability of 2 co-inoculated plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, paenibacillus polymyxa 1465 and azospirillum brasilense sp245, to colonize roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l. 'saratovskaya 29') seedlings, and we assessed the morpho ...201626863134
development of new pcr-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (secale cereale l.).pcr-based rye (secale cereale l.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding programs. in the present study, 578 new pcr-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye kustro, imperial, and king ii. a total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual ...201626862664
assessment of anticarcinogenic potential of vitex trifolia and triticum aestivum linn by in vitro rat liver microsomal degranulation.the main objective of this preliminary study is to confirm the synergistic anticarcinogenic potential of vitex trifolia and triticum aestivum ethanolic extracts.201726862271
novel nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction in wheat (triticum aestivum) induces vigorous plants.interspecific hybridization can be considered an accelerator of evolution, otherwise a slow process, solely dependent on mutation and recombination. upon interspecific hybridization, several novel interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes emerge which provide additional sources of diversity. the magnitude and essence of intergenomic interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes remain unknown due to the direction of many crosses. this study was conducted to address the role of ...201626860316
salt acclimation processes in wheat.young wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv. mv béres) were exposed to 0 or 25 mm nacl for 11 days (salt acclimation). thereafter the plants were irrigated with 500 mm nacl for 5 days (salt stress). irrigating the plants with a low concentration of nacl successfully led to a reduction in chlorotic symptoms and in the impairment of the photosynthetic processes when the plants were exposed to subsequent high-dose salt treatment. after exposure to a high concentration of nacl there was no differenc ...201626854409
mapping of ppd-b1, a major candidate gene for late heading on wild emmer chromosome arm 2bs and assessment of its interactions with early heading qtls on 3al.wheat heading date is an important agronomic trait determining maturation time and yield. a set of common wheat (triticum aestivum var. chinese spring; cs)-wild emmer (t. turgidum l. subsp. dicoccoides (tdic)) chromosome arm substitution lines (casls) was used to identify and allocate qtls conferring late or early spike emergence by examining heading date. genetic loci accelerating heading were found on tdic chromosome arms 3al and 7bs, while loci delaying heading were located on 4al and 2bs. to ...201626848576
evolution of vrn2/ghd7-like genes in vernalization-mediated repression of grass flowering.flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), three genes vrn1, vrn2, and ft form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. prior to cold exposure, vrn2 represses ft. during cold, vrn1 ...201626848096
comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm responses to aba and h2o2 stresses during seed germination.wheat embryo and endosperm play important roles in seed germination, seedling survival, and subsequent vegetative growth. aba can positively regulate dormancy induction and negatively regulates seed germination at low concentrations, while low h2o2 concentrations promote seed germination of cereal plants. in this report, we performed the first integrative transcriptome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm responses to aba and h2o2 stresses.201626846093
canopy apparent photosynthetic characteristics and yield of two spike-type wheat cultivars in response to row spacing under high plant density.in northern china, large-spike wheat (triticum aestivum l) is considered to have significant potential for increasing yields due to its greater single-plant productivity despite its lower percentage of effective tillers, and increasing the plant density is an effective means of achieving a higher grain yield. however, with increases in plant density, the amount of solar radiation intercepted by lower strata leaves is decreased and the rate of leaf senescence is accelerated. row spacing can be ma ...201626845330
shifts of microbial communities of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivation in a closed artificial ecosystem.the microbial communities of plant ecosystems are in relation to plant growing environment, but the alteration in biodiversity of rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities in closed and controlled environments is unknown. the purpose of this study is to analyze the change regularity of microbial communities with wheat plants dependent-cultivated in a closed artificial ecosystem. the microbial community structures in closed-environment treatment plants were investigated by a culture-depe ...201626841890
production of a novel robertsonian translocation from thinopyrum bessarabicum into bread wheat.development of wheat-alien translocation lines will facilitate its practical utilization in wheat improvement. the objective of the present study was to produce compensating wheat--thinopyrum bessarabicum whole arm robertsonian translocations (robts) involving chromosomes 2b of wheat and 2e(b) of th. bessarabicum through the mechanism of centric breakage-fusion. f2 population from crosses between ds2e(b)(2b) substitution line and bread wheat 'roushan' (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) as female parent were ...201626841492
[polymorphism of alfa-amylase and conjugation in common wheat enzyme types with quantitative traits of plants].using polymorphism of alpha-amylase in the winter common wheat studied inheritance isoenzymes and its conjugation enzyme types with germinating grain on the "vine", grain productivity, plant height and time of ear formation. it is shown that the polymorphism isoenzyme of alpha-amylase wheat is limited by the presence of different loci whose products are similar in electrophoretic parameters. in this regard, one component of the enzyme can be controlling at one or two or three genes. identificati ...201626841490
identification of an attenuated barley stripe mosaic virus for the virus-induced gene silencing of pathogenesis-related wheat genes.virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has become an emerging technology for the rapid, efficient functional genomic screening of monocot and dicot species. the barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) has been described as an effective vigs vehicle for the evaluation of genes involved in wheat and barley phytopathogenesis; however, these studies have been obscured by bsmv-induced phenotypes and defense responses. the utility of bsmv vigs may be improved using a bsmv genetic background which is more toler ...201626839581
terrestrial 3d laser scanning to track the increase in canopy height of both monocot and dicot crop species under field conditions.plant growth is a good indicator of crop performance and can be measured by different methods and on different spatial and temporal scales. in this study, we measured the canopy height growth of maize (zea mays), soybean (glycine max) and wheat (triticum aestivum) under field conditions by terrestrial laser scanning (tls). we tested the hypotheses whether such measurements are capable to elucidate (1) differences in architecture that exist between genotypes; (2) genotypic differences between can ...201626834822
quantitative profiling of feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains from graminaceous cell walls.graminaceous arabinoxylans are distinguished by decoration with feruloylated monosaccharidic and oligosaccharidic side-chains. although it is hypothesized that structural complexity and abundance of these feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains may contribute, among other factors, to resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic degradation, quantitative profiling approaches for these structural units in plant cell wall materials have not been described yet. here we report the development and applic ...201526834763
molecular diversity and distribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonizing roots of two different winter cover crops in response to their root proliferation.a clear understanding of how crop root proliferation affects the distribution of the spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and the composition of amf communities in agricultural fields is imperative to identify the potential roles of amf in winter cover crop rotational systems. toward this goal, we conducted a field trial using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) or red clover (trifolium pratense l.) grown during the winter season. we conducted a molecular analysis to compare the divers ...201626832664
involvement of nitrogen functional groups in high-affinity copper binding in tomato and wheat root apoplasts: spectroscopic and thermodynamic evidence.carboxylic groups located in plant cell walls (cw) are generally considered to be the main copper binding sites in plant roots, despite the presence of other functional groups. the aim of this study was to investigate sites responsible for copper binding in root apoplasts, i.e. cw and outer surface of the plasma membrane (pm) continuum. binding sites in root apoplasts were investigated by comparing isolated cw of a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l.) and dicotyledon (solanum lycopersicum l.) cr ...201626824877
comparison of snp and caps markers application in genetic research in wheat and barley.barley and bread wheat show large differences in frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) as determined from genome-wide studies. these frequencies have been estimated as 2.4-3 times higher in the entire barley genome than within each diploid genomes of wheat (a, b or d). however, barley snps within individual genes occur significantly more frequently than quoted. differences between wheat and barley are based on the origin and evolutionary history of the species. bread wheat contains ...201626821936
identification of new heading date determinants in wheat 5b chromosome.variability of heading date may assist in wheat adaptation to local environments. thereafter, discovery of new heading date determinants is important for cereal improvement. in this study we used common wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs) and the substitution line of cs with 5b chromosome from t. dicoccoides (cs-5bdic), different in their heading date by two weeks, to detect determinants of heading date on 5b chromosome.201626821813
hexaconazole-cu complex improves the salt tolerance of triticum aestivum seedlings.hexaconazole is one of the triazole complexes that are broadly used as systemic fungicides with non-traditional plant growth regulator properties. hexaconazole-cu complex (hex-cu) is a new triazole derivative, and the biological effect of hex-cu has been rarely studied. in this work, we investigated the functions of hex-cu in regulating growth and the response to salt stress in the seedlings of triticum aestivum. pretreated with 60μmoll(-1) hex-cu, the seedling plants got increased root/shoot ra ...201626821663
leaf length tracker: a novel approach to analyse leaf elongation close to the thermal limit of growth in the field.leaf growth in monocot crops such as wheat and barley largely follows the daily temperature course, particularly under cold but humid springtime field conditions. knowledge of the temperature response of leaf extension, particularly variations close to the thermal limit of growth, helps define physiological growth constraints and breeding-related genotypic differences among cultivars. here, we present a novel method, called 'leaf length tracker' (llt), suitable for measuring leaf elongation rate ...026818912
[glycemic index of two varieties of pasta and two varieties of rice].the ig has been extensively studied as an indicator of the physiological effects of a carbohydrate meal with applications in the management and prevention of diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. a standard assay was performed to measure the glycemic index (gi) of two significant sources of carbohydrates following the world health organization (who) recommended methodology, determining the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve of a 50g carbohydrate portion of the test food compar ...201526817379
virulent diuraphis noxia aphids over-express calcium signaling proteins to overcome defenses of aphid-resistant wheat plants.the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, and barley, hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in africa, south america, and north america. most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of d. noxia-resistant varieties, and numerous d. noxia resistance genes have been identified in t. aestivum and h. vulgare. north american d. noxia biotype 1 is avirulent to t. aestivum varieties ...201626815857
the wheat mediator subunit tamed25 interacts with the transcription factor taeil1 to negatively regulate disease resistance against powdery mildew.powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major limitation for the production of bread wheat (triticum aestivum). however, to date, the transcriptional regulation of bread wheat defense against powdery mildew remains largely unknown. here, we report the function and molecular mechanism of the bread wheat mediator subunit 25 (tamed25) in regulating the bread wheat immune response signaling pathway. three homoalleles of tamed25 from bread wheat ...201626813794
lignin biosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levels.lignin is an important structural component of plant cell wall that confers mechanical strength and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stressors; however it affects the use of biomass such as wheat straw for some industrial applications such as biofuel production. genetic alteration of lignin quantity and quality has been considered as a viable option to overcome this problem. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin formation in wheat biomass has not been studied. combining molecul ...201626811086
two members of tarlk family confer powdery mildew resistance in common wheat.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminearum f.sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat. the exploration and utilization of new gene resources is the most effective approach for the powdery mildew control.201626810982
using the hexaploid nature of wheat to create variability in starch characteristics.in hexaploid crops, such as bread wheat, it should be possible to fine-tune phenotypic traits by identifying wild-type and null genes from each of the three genomes and combining them in a calculated manner. here, we demonstrate this with gene combinations for two starch synthesis genes, ssiia and gbssi. lines with inactive copies of both enzymes show a very dramatic change in phenotype, so to create intermediate phenotypes, we used marker-assisted selection to develop near-isogenic lines (nils) ...201626808423
mechanistic understanding of reduced agnp phytotoxicity induced by extracellular polymeric substances.a knowledge gap concerning the potential effects of extracellular polymeric substances (eps), a common organic material but highly variable in their composition of microbial origin, on the fate and phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (agnp) still remains. a 48-h root elongation toxicity test showed that agnp toxicity to wheat triticum aestivum l. was dramatically alleviated by eps isolated from pseudomonas putida, as revealed by 7-59% increase in relative root elongation (rre), 8-99% increase ...201626808239
identification and validation of novel low-tiller number qtl in common wheat.snp-based qtl mapping provided useful information for novel loci that can be used in breeding programs to control tillering and improve yield in wheat via marker-assisted selection. tillering is one of the most important agronomic traits affecting biomass and grain yield potential in wheat. wheat lines with very limited tillering capacity are more productive than free-tillering lines under severe drought conditions. in this study, three recombinant inbred line (ril) populations were generated an ...201626804619
biological responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide simetryne in soils.the rotation of rice and wheat is widely used and highly endorsed, and simetryne (s-triazine herbicide) is one of the principal herbicides widely used in this rotation for weed and grass control. however, little is known regarding the mechanism of the ecological and physiological effects of simetryne on wheat crops. in this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of crop response to simetryne to elucidate the accumulation and phytotoxicity of the herbicide in wheat crops. wheat plants ...201626803524
molecular interactions of the γ-clade homeodomain-leucine zipper class i transcription factors during the wheat response to water deficit.the γ-clade of class i homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip i) transcription factors (tfs) constitute members which play a role in adapting plant growth to conditions of water deficit. given the importance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as a global food crop and the impact of water deficit upon grain yield, we focused on functional aspects of wheat drought responsive hd-zip i tfs. while the wheat γ-clade hd-zip i tfs share significant sequence similarities with homologous genes from other plants, ...201626803501
a highly recombined, high-density, eight-founder wheat magic map reveals extensive segregation distortion and genomic locations of introgression segments.multiparent advanced generation intercross (magic) mapping populations offer unique opportunities and challenges for marker and qtl mapping in crop species. we have constructed the first eight-parent magic genetic map for wheat, comprising 18 601 snp markers. we validated the accuracy of our map against the wheat genome sequence and found an improvement in accuracy compared to published genetic maps. our map shows a notable increase in precision resulting from the three generations of intercross ...201626801965
bionano genome mapping of individual chromosomes supports physical mapping and sequence assembly in complex plant genomes.the assembly of a reference genome sequence of bread wheat is challenging due to its specific features such as the genome size of 17 gbp, polyploid nature and prevalence of repetitive sequences. bac-by-bac sequencing based on chromosomal physical maps, adopted by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium as the key strategy, reduces problems caused by the genome complexity and polyploidy, but the repeat content still hampers the sequence assembly. availability of a high-resolution gen ...201626801360
rna-seq transcriptional profiling of herbaspirillum seropedicae colonizing wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.herbaspirillum seropedicae is a diazotrophic and endophytic bacterium that associates with economically important grasses promoting plant growth and increasing productivity. to identify genes related to bacterial ability to colonize plants, wheat seedlings growing hydroponically in hoagland's medium were inoculated with h. seropedicae and incubated for 3 days. total mrna from the bacteria present in the root surface and in the plant medium were purified, depleted from rrna and used for rna-seq p ...201626801330
rubisco catalytic properties of wild and domesticated relatives provide scope for improving wheat photosynthesis.rubisco is a major target for improving crop photosynthesis and yield, yet natural diversity in catalytic properties of this enzyme is poorly understood. rubisco from 25 genotypes of the triticeae tribe, including wild relatives of bread wheat (triticum aestivum), were surveyed to identify superior enzymes for improving photosynthesis in this crop. in vitro rubisco carboxylation velocity (v c), michaelis-menten constants for co2 (k c) and o2 (k o) and specificity factor (s c/o) were measured at ...201626798025
visualisation of plastid degradation in sperm cells of wheat pollen.like most angiosperms, wheat (triticum aestivum) shows maternal inheritance of plastids. it is thought that this takes place by cytoplasmic stripping at fertilisation rather than the absence of plastids in sperm cells. to determine the fate of plastids during sperm cell development, plastid-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to visualise these organelles in nuclear transgenic wheat lines. fewer than thirty small 1-2-μm plastids were visible in early uninucleate pollen cells. these drama ...201726795342
an efficient approach to bac based assembly of complex genomes.there has been an exponential growth in the number of genome sequencing projects since the introduction of next generation dna sequencing technologies. genome projects have increasingly involved assembly of whole genome data which produces inferior assemblies compared to traditional sanger sequencing of genomic fragments cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs). while whole genome shotgun sequencing using next generation sequencing (ngs) is relatively fast and inexpensive, this method ...201626793268
comparative mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm21 and functional characterization of resistance-related genes in wheat.the powdery mildew resistance gene pm21 was physically and comparatively mapped by newly developed markers. seven candidate genes were verified to be required for pm21 -mediated resistance to wheat powdery mildew. pm21, a gene derived from wheat wild relative dasypyrum villosum, has been transferred into common wheat and widely utilized in wheat resistance breeding for powdery mildew. previously, pm21 has been located to the bin fl0.45-0.58 of 6vs by using deletion stocks. however, its fine mapp ...201626791837
influence of water biscuit processing and kernel puffing on the phenolic acid content and the antioxidant activity of einkorn and bread wheat.the whole meal flour of wheat is rich in phenolic acids, which provide a relevant antioxidant activity to food products. aim of this research was to assess the influence of processing on phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity of whole meal flour water biscuits and puffed kernels of einkorn and bread wheat. to this end, the evolution of syringaldehyde, ferulic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and caffeic acids was studied during manufacturing. overall, from flour to wate ...201626787973
a comparative gene analysis with rice identified orthologous group ii hkt genes and their association with na(+) concentration in bread wheat.although the hkt transporter genes ascertain some of the key determinants of crop salt tolerance mechanisms, the diversity and functional role of group ii hkt genes are not clearly understood in bread wheat. the advanced knowledge on rice hkt and whole genome sequence was, therefore, used in comparative gene analysis to identify orthologous wheat group ii hkt genes and their role in trait variation under different saline environments.201626786911
characterization of proteins involved in early stage of wheat grain development by itraq.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops in the world due to its value as a major food source. to explore the protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development are more complex because of its large genome. in this study, grains from wheat cultivar chinese spring were harvested at three development stages (daa4, daa8 and daa12) and were used to display variable expressed proteins during these stages. itraq-based quantitative proteomic and lc-ms/ms meth ...201626779988
a single-nucleotide polymorphism of tags5 gene revealed its association with kernel weight in chinese bread wheat.tags5 genes were cloned from bread wheat and were physically mapped on 3as and 3ds. sequencing results revealed that a snp was found in the sixth exon of tags5-a1 gene. the snp resulted in amino acid change from alanine to serine at the 303 bp position of tags5-a1. these two alleles were designated as tags5-a1a (alanine at the 303 bp position) and tags5-a1b genes (serine at the 303-bp position). analysis of association of tags5-a1 alleles with agronomic traits indicated that cultivars with tags5 ...201526779195
online co2 and h2 o oxygen isotope fractionation allows estimation of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants, and reveals that mesophyll conductance decreases as leaves age in both c4 and c3 plants.mesophyll conductance significantly, and variably, limits photosynthesis but we currently have no reliable method of measurement for c4 plants. an online oxygen isotope technique was developed to allow quantification of mesophyll conductance in c4 plants and to provide an alternative estimate in c3 plants. the technique is compared to an established carbon isotope method in three c3 species. mesophyll conductance of c4 species was similar to that in the c3 species measured, and declined in both ...201626778088
taopr2 encodes a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (oprs) are involved in the various processes of growth and development in plants, and classified into the oprⅰ and oprⅱ subgroups. in higher plants, only oprⅱ subgroup genes take part in the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid. in this study, we isolated a novel oprⅱ subgroup gene named taopr2 (genebank accession: km216389) from the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (tgms) wheat cultivar bs366. taopr2 was predicted to encode a protein with 390 amino ...201626778003
novel structural and functional motifs in cellulose synthase (cesa) genes of bread wheat (triticum aestivum, l.).cellulose is the primary determinant of mechanical strength in plant tissues. late-season lodging is inversely related to the amount of cellulose in a unit length of the stem. wheat is the most widely grown of all the crops globally, yet information on its cesa gene family is limited. we have identified 22 cesa genes from bread wheat, which include homoeologs from each of the three genomes, and named them as tacesaxa, tacesaxb or tacesaxd, where x denotes the gene number and the last suffix stan ...201626771740
dynamics of soil available phosphorus and its impact factors under simulated climate change in typical farmland of taihu lake region, china.global climate change affects the availability of soil nutrients, thereby influencing crop productivity. this research was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated co2, elevated temperature, and the interaction of the elevated co2 and temperature on the soil available phosphorus (p) of a paddy-wheat rotation in the taihu lake region, china. winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was cultivated during the study period from 2011 to 2014 at two co2 levels (350 μl•l(-1) ambient and 500 μl•l(-1) ...201626769701
the tae-mir408-mediated control of tatoc1 genes transcription is required for the regulation of heading time in wheat.timing of flowering is not only an interesting topic in developmental biology, but it also plays a significant role in agriculture for its effects on the maturation time of seed. the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop species whose flowering time, i.e. heading time, greatly influences yield. however, it remains unclear whether and how micrornas regulate heading time in it. in our current study, we identified the tae-mir408 in wheat and its targets in vivo, incl ...201626768600
comprehensive identification and bread-making quality evaluation of common wheat somatic variation line as208 on glutenin composition.high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) are important seed storage proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum) that determine wheat dough elasticity and processing quality. clarification of the defined effectiveness of hmw-gss is very important to breeding efforts aimed at improving wheat quality. to date, there have no report on the expression silencing and quality effects of 1bx20 and 1by20 at the glu-b1 locus in wheat. a wheat somatic variation line, as208, in which both 1bx20 and 1by20 a ...201626765256
genetic control of mesophyll conductance in common wheat. 201626763680
the effect of elevated ozone concentrations with varying shading on dry matter loss in a winter wheat-producing region in china.surface-level ozone pollution causes crop production loss by directly reducing healthy green leaf area available for carbon fixation. ozone and its precursors also affect crop photosynthesis indirectly by decreasing solar irradiance. pollutants are reported to have become even more severe in eastern china over the last ten years. in this study, we investigated the effect of a combination of elevated ozone concentrations and reduced solar irradiance on a popular winter wheat yangmai13 (triticum a ...201626760509
accessing inoculation methods of maize and wheat with azospirillum brasilense.the utilization of inoculants containing azospirillum is becoming more popular due to increasing reports of expressive gains in grain yields. however, incompatibility with pesticides used in seed treatments represents a main limitation for a successful inoculation. therefore, in this study we searched for alternatives methods for seed inoculation of maize and wheat, aiming to avoid the direct contact of bacteria with pesticides. different doses of inoculants containing azospirillum brasilense we ...201626759120
triticumoside induces apoptosis via caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway and inhibits migration through downregulation of mmp2/9 in human lung cancer cells.non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) is the major cancer-related death worldwide with only 14% five-year survival rate. triticumoside, a phenolic compound present in triticum aestivum sprout extract, has been recognized to have antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects. however, the effect of triticumoside on cancer cell proliferation and migration has not been studied. in order to elucidate whether triticumoside exhibits an anticancer effect, cells were incubated with different doses of triticumo ...201626758192
genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus puccinia triticina in ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity.collections of puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of ethiopia, and a smaller number from kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple se ...201626756826
(gaa)n microsatellite as an indicator of the a genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication.although the wheat a genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. in the present study we performed comparative analysis of the a genome chromosomes in diploid (triticum urartu tumanian ex gandilyan, 1972, triticum boeoticum boissier, 1874 and triticum monococcum linnaeus, 1753) and polyploid wheat species representing two evolutionary lineages, timopheevi (triticum timopheevii (zhukovsk ...201526753073
development of lipophilic antioxidants and chloroplasts during the sprouting of diverse triticum spp.the influence of sprouting times and illumination conditions on lipophilic antioxidants (carotenoids, tocochromanols, alkylresorcinols, and steryl ferulates), chlorophylls, and α-amylase activity was investigated using four varieties each of bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum), spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta), durum (t. durum), emmer (t. dicoccum), and einkorn (t. monococcum). carotenoid levels significantly increased during sprouting, particularly, under light exposure. in contrast, c ...201626752117
exogenous methyl jasmonate regulates cytokinin content by modulating cytokinin oxidase activity in wheat seedlings under salinity.the treatment of 4-days-old wheat seedlings with methyl jasmonate (meja) in concentration optimal for their growth (0.1 μm) resulted in a rapid transient almost two-fold increase in the level of cytokinins (cks). meja-induced accumulation of cks was due to inhibition of both cytokinin oxidase (ckx) (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, ec 1.5.99.12) gene expression and activity of this enzyme. pretreatment of wheat seedlings with meja decreased the growth-retarding effect of sodium chloride salinity ...201626748373
introgression of genes from bread wheat enhances the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat.the aluminium tolerance of durum wheat was markedly enhanced by introgression of taalmt1 and tamate1b from bread wheat. in contrast to bread wheat, tamate1b conferred greater aluminium tolerance than taalmt1. durum wheat (tetraploid aabb, triticum turgidum) is a species that grows poorly on acid soils due to its sensitivity of al(3+). by contrast, bread wheat (hexaploid aabbdd, t. aestivum) shows a large variation in al(3+) tolerance which can be attributed to a major gene (taalmt1) located on c ...201626747046
fine genetic mapping of spot blotch resistance gene sb3 in wheat (triticum aestivum).spot blotch disease resistance gene sb3 was mapped to a 0.15 centimorgan (cm) genetic interval spanning a 602 kb physical genomic region on chromosome 3bs. wheat spot blotch disease, caused by b. sorokiniana, is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. although inoculum levels can be reduced by planting disease-free seed, treatment of plants with fungicides and crop rotation, genetic resistance is likely to be a robust, economical and environmentally friendly tool in the control ...201626747045
variation of the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination with leaching conditions.municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (mswiba) has long been regarded as an alternative building material in the construction industry. however, the pollutants contained in the bottom ash could potentially leach out and contaminate the local environment, which presents an obstacle to the reuse of the materials. to evaluate the environmental feasibility of using mswiba as a recycled material in construction, the leaching derived ecotoxicity was assessed. the leaching behavior of mswiba und ...201626745383
characterization of a putative new semi-dominant reduced height gene, rht_nm9, in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. new dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. in this study, a novel dwarf mutant, nm9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety nau9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). nm9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller nu ...201526743986
genome-wide linkage mapping of qtl for yield components, plant height and yield-related physiological traits in the chinese wheat cross zhou 8425b/chinese spring.identification of genes for yield components, plant height (ph), and yield-related physiological traits and tightly linked molecular markers is of great importance in marker-assisted selection (mas) in wheat breeding. in the present study, 246 f8 rils derived from the cross of zhou 8425b/chinese spring were genotyped using the high-density illumina iselect 90k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. field trials were conducted at zhengzhou and zhoukou of henan province, during the 2012-2013 ...201526734019
production and identification of wheat-agropyron cristatum 2p translocation lines.agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 28, pppp), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many potentially valuable traits that can be transferred to common wheat through breeding programs. the wheat-a. cristatum disomic addition and translocation lines can be used as bridge materials to introduce alien chromosomal segments to wheat. wheat-a. cristatum 2p disomic addition line ii-9-3 was highly resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust, which was reported in our previous study. however, some ...201626731742
effects of conservation tillage on topsoil microbial metabolic characteristics and organic carbon within aggregates under a rice (oryza sativa l.)-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping system in central china.investigating microbial metabolic characteristics and soil organic carbon (soc) within aggregates and their relationships under conservation tillage may be useful in revealing the mechanism of soc sequestration in conservation tillage systems. however, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between soc and microbial metabolic characteristics within aggregate fractions under conservation tillage. we hypothesized that close relationships can exist between soc and micro ...201626731654
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