Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| implant placement in failed endodontic sites: a review. | dental implants may fail to osseointegrate in sites of endodontic failure. this may occur as a result colonization by various anaerobic and facultative bacterial species. if an implant is placed in a site where vegetative bacteria are residing, the implant may fail to integrate if a bacterial colonization proceeds coronally. if the implant apical cortical bone is thin or if there is an apical fenestration, the colonization may proceed through the thin or nonexistent bone through the covering muc ... | 2016 | 26550925 |
| actions of probiotics on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. | we investigated the actions of probiotics, streptococcus faecalis 129 bio 3b (sf3b), in a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (tnbs-) induced colitis model in rats. after tnbs was administered into the colons of rats for induction of colitis, the rats were divided into two groups: one group was given a control diet and the other group was given a diet containing sf3b for 14 days. there were no apparent differences in body weight, diarrhea period, macroscopic colitis score, and colonic weight/length ra ... | 2015 | 26550572 |
| daptomycin antibiotic lock therapy for hemodialysis patients with gram-positive bloodstream infections following use of tunneled, cuffed hemodialysis catheters: retrospective single center analysis. | catheter-related blood stream infection (crbsi) is a major complication in hemodialysis patients. we assessed the efficacy of systemic daptomycin (dpt) plus dpt antibiotic lock therapy (dpt-alt) for catheter salvage in patients with gram-positive crbsis. this is a retrospective study of hemodialysis patients with tunneled and cuffed hemodialysis catheters. all patients were from a single institution in taipei and received systemic dpt plus dpt-alt for the treatment of gram-positive crbsi. succes ... | 2016 | 26549513 |
| in vitro activity of oritavancin and comparator agents against staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci from clinical infections in europe and north america, 2011-2014. | oritavancin is a lipoglycopeptide that has been approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (absssis) caused by susceptible organisms. oritavancin causes cell death by inhibiting cell wall synthesis as well as depolarising and permeabilising the cellular membrane of gram-positive pathogens. the activities of oritavancin in comparison with vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid were determined against a collection of over 11000 recent clinical gram-positive isol ... | 2015 | 26541881 |
| comparative evaluation of effect of different irrigation solutions against enterococcus faecalis: a polymerase chain reaction-based study. | enterococcus faecalis is the most isolated or detected species from oral infections including marginal periodontitis, infected root canals, periradicular abscesses and also detected in cases of failed endodontic therapy. to prevent endodontic treatment failure irrigation is mandatory for the effective removal of smear layer, pulp tissue, and microorganisms. cultivation and other traditional identification methods have been demonstrated to have several limitations when it comes to microbiological ... | 2015 | 26538921 |
| bioconversion of methanol to value-added mevalonate by engineered methylobacterium extorquens am1 containing an optimized mevalonate pathway. | methylotrophic biosynthesis using methanol as a feedstock is a promising and attractive method to solve the over-dependence of the bioindustry on sugar feedstocks derived from grains that are used for food. in this study, we introduced and engineered the mevalonate pathway into methylobacterium extorquens am1 to achieve high mevalonate production from methanol, which could be a platform for terpenoid synthesis. we first constructed a natural operon (mve) harboring the mvas and mvae genes from en ... | 2016 | 26521242 |
| microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation (cmp). | 2015 | 26521147 |
| the native plasmid pml21 plays a role in stress tolerance in enterococcus faecalis ml21, as analyzed by plasmid curing using plasmid incompatibility. | to investigate the role of the native plasmid pml21 in enterococcus faecalis ml21's response to abiotic stresses, the plasmid pml21 was cured based on the principle of plasmid incompatibility and segregational instability, generating e. faecalis mutant strain ml0. the mutant and the wild strains were exposed to abiotic stresses: bile salts, low ph, h2o2, ethanol, heat, and nacl, and their survival rate was measured. we found that curing of pml21 lead to reduced tolerance to stress in e. faecalis ... | 2016 | 26519343 |
| influence of a subinhibitory concentration of vancomycin on the in vitro expression of virulence-related genes in the vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis. | exposure to subinhibitory concentrations (sics) of antimicrobials may alter the bacterial transcriptome. | 2015 | 26516976 |
| antibacterial effect of n-acetylcysteine and taurolidine on planktonic and biofilm forms of enterococcus faecalis. | this study investigated the antimicrobial activity of taurolidine and n-acetylcysteine (nac) on planktonic and biofilm enterococcus faecalis phenotypes. | 2016 | 26515652 |
| abutment coating with diamond-like carbon films to reduce implant-abutment bacterial leakage. | the influence of diamond-like carbon (dlc) films on bacterial leakage through the interface between abutments and dental implants of external hexagon (eh) and internal hexagon (ih) designs was evaluated. | 2016 | 26513267 |
| rapidly progressive gas-containing lumbar spinal epidural abscess. | gas-containing (emphysematous) infections of the abdomen, pelvis, and extremities are well-known disease entities, which can potentially be life-threatening. they require aggressive medical and often surgical treatment. in the neurosurgical field, some cases of gas-containing brain abscess and subdural empyema have been reported. sometimes they progress rapidly and even can cause fatal outcome. however, gas-containing spinal epidural abscess has been rarely reported and clinical course is unknow ... | 2015 | 26512268 |
| antimicrobial effect of the extracts from hypericum perforatum against oral bacteria and biofilm formation. | one traditional medicines, hypericum perforatum l. (hypericaceae), possesses several beneficial effects against depression, ulcers, dyspepsia, abdominal pains, burns, bacterial infections, migraine headaches, and sciatica. | 2016 | 26510970 |
| design and activity of a cyclic mini-β-defensin analog: a novel antimicrobial tool. | we have designed a cyclic 17-amino acid β-defensin analog featuring a single disulfide bond. this analog, designated "amc" (ie, antimicrobial cyclic peptide), combines the internal hydrophobic domain of hbd1 and the c-terminal charged region of hbd3. the novel peptide was synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as against herpes simplex virus type 1 were analyzed. the cytotoxic ... | 2015 | 26508857 |
| structural analysis of streptococcus pyogenes nadh oxidase: conformational dynamics involved in formation of the c(4a)-peroxyflavin intermediate. | in probing the oxygen reactivity of an enterococcus faecalis nadh oxidase (nox; o2 → 2h2o) c42s mutant lacking the cys42-sulfenic acid (cys42-soh) redox center, we provided direct evidence of a c(4a)-peroxyflavin intermediate in the oxidative half-reaction and also described a conformational or chemical change that is rate-limiting for full reoxidation of the homodimer. in this work, the nox from streptococcus pyogenes (spynox) has been expressed and crystallized, and the overoxidized wild-type ... | 2015 | 26506002 |
| functional analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of enterocin nkr-5-3b, a novel circular bacteriocin. | a putative biosynthetic gene cluster of the enterocin nkr-5-3b (ent53b), a novel circular bacteriocin, was analyzed by sequencing the flanking regions around enkb, the ent53b structural gene, using a fosmid library. a region approximately 9 kb in length was obtained, and the enkb1, enkb2, enkb3, and enkb4 genes, encoding putative biosynthetic proteins involved in the production, maturation, and secretion of ent53b, were identified. we also determined the identity of proteins mediating self-immun ... | 2015 | 26503847 |
| surface protein esp enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through nf-κb activation during enterococcal infection. | enterococcal surface protein (esp) is encoded on a pathogenicity island in enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium and is involved in biofilm formation and binding to epithelial cells. in this study, using esp-expressing e. faecalis mmh594 and its isogenic esp-deficient strain, as well as purified esp, we show that esp is sufficient for activation of nf-κb and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines il-1β and tnf-α in macrophages in vitro. in a mouse peritonitis model, we also show ... | 2016 | 26503704 |
| activity of fosfomycin and comparison of several susceptibility testing methods against contemporary urine isolates. | fosfomycin is recommended as first-line treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. it has demonstrated in vitro activity against a variety of pathogens; however, a paucity of data are available from the usa. we determined the susceptibility of a collection of urine isolates to fosfomycin and compared multiple methods of susceptibility testing. consecutive non-duplicate enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from the clinical microbiology labo ... | 2015 | 26498988 |
| selective digestive decontamination and enterococcus faecalis overgrowth and infection: a robust relation is yet unproven. | 2015 | 26495899 | |
| virus satellites drive viral evolution and ecology. | virus satellites are widespread subcellular entities, present both in eukaryotic and in prokaryotic cells. their modus vivendi involves parasitism of the life cycle of their inducing helper viruses, which assures their transmission to a new host. however, the evolutionary and ecological implications of satellites on helper viruses remain unclear. here, using staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (sapis) as a model of virus satellites, we experimentally show that helper viruses rapidly evolve resi ... | 2015 | 26495848 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of commensal bacteria from human milk. | recent studies have focused on foodborne or commensal bacteria as vehicles of antibiotic resistance. however, the antibiotic resistance of milk bacteria from healthy donors is still vague in taiwan. for this purpose, human milk samples were obtained from randomly recruited 19 healthy women between 3 and 360 days post-partum. antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria from milk samples was determined. about 20 bacterial species were isolated from milk samples including staphylococcus (6 specie ... | 2016 | 26494365 |
| high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium causing invasive infection: twelve-year surveillance in the minami ibaraki area. | we examined prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance (hlar) in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium causing invasive infection in the minami ibaraki area. ten strains of both species each, recovered from the blood or the cerebrospinal fluid between 2003 and 2014, were randomly selected every year. high-level resistance to gentamicin (hlr-gm) and streptomycin (hlr-sm) was detected in 34% (41 of 120 strains) and 18% (21) of e. faecalis and 9% (11) and 39% (48) of e. faecium, re ... | 2016 | 26492859 |
| prototype development of the intelligent hydrogel wound dressing and its efficacy in the detection of model pathogenic wound biofilms. | the early detection of wound infection in situ can dramatically improve patient care pathways and clinical outcomes. there is increasing evidence that within an infected wound the main bacterial mode of living is a biofilm: a confluent community of adherent bacteria encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix. here we have reported the development of a prototype wound dressing, which switches on a fluorescent color when in contact with pathogenic wound biofilms. the dressing is made of a hydrat ... | 2016 | 26492095 |
| antibacterial efficacy of polymer containing nanoparticles in comparison with sodium hypochlorite in infected root canals. | the aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial properties of plga polymer containing zno, ag and zno/ag nanoparticles with those of 2.5% naocl in root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis. | 2015 | 26486202 |
| antimicrobial activity of silver doped fabrics for the production of hospital uniforms. | among several alternatives to control hospital-acquired infections (hais), a strategy could be the use of hospital uniforms imbued with antimicrobial substances. for this purpose we evaluated the antibacterial activity of two different silver doped fabrics employed for the production of hospital uniforms. the study was conducted in two-step. in the first the antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, staphylococcus aureus ... | 2015 | 26485013 |
| quantitative evaluation of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria using rotary protaper, k3xf, twisted and hand k-file system: an ex vivo study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the number of intracanal bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using rotary protaper, k3xf, twisted, and hand k-file system. | 2017 | 26481889 |
| bacteriocin production augments niche competition by enterococci in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. | enterococcus faecalis is both a common commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. systemic infections with multidrug-resistant enterococci occur subsequent to gastrointestinal colonization. preventing colonization by multidrug-resistant e. faecalis could therefore be a valuable approach towards limiting infection. however, little is known about the mechanisms e. faecalis uses to colonize and compete for stable gastrointestinal niches. phero ... | 2015 | 26479034 |
| chitosan nanoparticles enhance the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine in collagen membranes used for periapical guided tissue regeneration. | endodontic failure is mainly associated with the persistence of microbial infection in the root canal system and/or the periradicular area. microorganisms and their toxins located in the root canal system may trigger apical periodontitis and tissue destruction. tissue regeneration in periapical surgery by using membrane barriers has shown an improved healing and bone closure. however, bacterial membrane contamination is a main reason of failure. in this in vitro study, different brands of chlorh ... | 2016 | 26478419 |
| prevalence, seasonality, and growth of enterococci in raw and pasteurized milk in victoria, australia. | this study investigated the prevalence, seasonality, and species variety of enterococci present in raw milk factory silos and pasteurized milk in 3 dairying regions in victoria, australia, over a 1-yr period. additionally, the growth ability of thermoduric enterococci isolated in this study (enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, e. hirae, and e. durans) was determined in milk at temperatures likely to occur during storage, transport, and distribution, and before domestic consumption (4 and 7°c). en ... | 2015 | 26476940 |
| evaluation of tedizolid against staphylococcus aureus and enterococci with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, daptomycin or linezolid. | tedizolid displays potent activity against gram-positive pathogens. in vitro studies against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and enterococci demonstrated improved tedizolid activity over linezolid. however, this is not well-characterized against a large collection of resistant isolates, including vancomycin-intermediate s. aureus (visa), heterogeneous visa (hvisa), daptomycin-non-susceptible (dns) s. aureus, linezolid-resistant (lr) s. aureus and vre. therefore, our objective was to d ... | 2016 | 26476277 |
| a comparison of apical bacterial extrusion in manual, protaper rotary, and one shape rotary instrumentation techniques. | apical extrusion of irrigants and debris is an inherent limitation associated with cleaning and shaping of root canals and has been studied extensively because of its clinical relevance as a cause of flare-ups. many factors affect the amount of extruded intracanal materials. the purpose of this study was to assess the bacterial extrusion by using manual, multiple-file continuous rotary system (protaper) and single-file continuous rotary system (one shape). | 2015 | 26472680 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors of enterococcal infections in nagasaki, japan: a retrospective study. | enterococcus spp. are particularly important etiological agents of nosocomial infections. however, the clinical characteristics of and risk factors for enterococcal infections in clinical settings are poorly understood. | 2015 | 26471715 |
| comparison of riboflavin and toluidine blue o as photosensitizers for photoactivated disinfection on endodontic and periodontal pathogens in vitro. | photoactivated disinfection has a strong local antimicrobial effect. in the field of dentistry it is an emerging adjunct to mechanical debridement during endodontic and periodontal treatment. in the present study, we investigate the effect of photoactivated disinfection using riboflavin as a photosensitizer and blue led light for activation, and compare it to photoactivated disinfection with the widely used combination of toluidine blue o and red light. riboflavin is highly biocompatible and can ... | 2015 | 26469348 |
| preliminary evaluation of the research-use-only (ruo) icubate ic-gpc assay for identification of select gram-positive bacteria and their resistance determinants in blood culture broths. | the ic-gpc assay (icubate, huntsville, al) provides a molecular option for the rapid, on-demand analysis of positive blood cultures. a preliminary evaluation of the ic-gpc assay using 203 clinical or seeded specimens demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.8% to 100% and a specificity of 98.0% to 100% for the identification of five gram-positive bacterial species (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, and enterococcus faecium) and three asso ... | 2015 | 26468498 |
| relative contribution of biological variation and technical variables to zone diameter variations of disc diffusion susceptibility testing. | disc diffusion is still largely based on manual procedures. technical variations originate from inoculum preparation, variations in materials, individual operator plate streaking and reading accuracy. resulting measurement imprecision contributes to categorization errors. biological variation resembles the natural fluctuation of a measured parameter such as antibiotic susceptibility around a mean value. it is deemed to originate from factors such as genetic background or metabolic state. this st ... | 2016 | 26462987 |
| retrospective study for risk factors for febrile uti in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings. | retrospective study. | 2016 | 26458969 |
| mature biofilms of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are highly resistant to antibiotics. | enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are important nosocomial pathogens that form biofilms on implanted materials. we compare the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in new (established during 24 hours) and mature (established during 120 hours) enterococcal biofilms. mature biofilms contained more bacteria and were much more tolerant to antibiotics, including rifampicin-containing combinations, as judged by determination of minimal biofilm eradication concentrations and by time-kill exp ... | 2016 | 26458279 |
| modeling and application of a rapid fluorescence-based assay for biotoxicity in anaerobic digestion. | the sensitivity of anaerobic digestion metabolism to a wide range of solutes makes it important to be able to monitor toxicants in the feed to anaerobic digesters to optimize their operation. in this study, a rapid fluorescence measurement technique based on resazurin reduction using a microplate reader was developed and applied for the detection of toxicants and/or inhibitors to digesters. a kinetic model was developed to describe the process of resazurin reduced to resorufin, and eventually to ... | 2015 | 26457928 |
| tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 plays a role in the inflammatory responses of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis is a frequently isolated microorganism in persistent periapical lesion or secondary infection. however, no evidence has demonstrated that e. faecalis induced inflammation directly in the apical area. this study aimed to explore the mechanism of the inflammatory responses of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (pdls) to e. faecalis. | 2015 | 26454720 |
| effect of treatment with an overheated dry-saturated steam vapour disinfection system on multidrug and extensively drug-resistant nosocomial pathogens and comparison with sodium hypochlorite activity. | the development of portable steam generators has made disinfection of the environment more practical. this study assessed the "in vitro" ability of an overheated dry-saturated steam vapour system to kill multidrug and extensively-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens, defining the antimicrobial spectrum and the contact times compared with the activity of sodium hypochlorite. | 2015 | 26452549 |
| characterization of mobile staphylococcus equorum plasmids isolated from fermented seafood that confer lincomycin resistance. | the complete nucleotide sequences of lincomycin-resistance gene (lnua)-containing plasmids in staphylococcus equorum strains isolated from the high-salt-fermented seafood jeotgal were determined. these plasmids, designated pselnu1-3, are 2638-bp long, have two polymorphic sites, and encode typical elements found in plasmids that replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism including the replication protein gene (rep), a double-stranded origin of replication, a single-stranded origin of replication, ... | 2015 | 26448648 |
| assessing the groundwater quality at a saudi arabian agricultural site and the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens on irrigated food produce. | this study examines the groundwater quality in wells situated near agricultural fields in saudi arabia. fruits (e.g., tomato and green pepper) irrigated with groundwater were also assessed for the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens to determine if food safety was compromised by the groundwater. the amount of total nitrogen in most of the groundwater samples exceeded the 15 mg/l permissible limit for agricultural irrigation. fecal coliforms in densities > 12 mpn/100 ml were detected in three o ... | 2015 | 26445052 |
| labdane and clerodane diterpenoids from colophospermum mopane. | five labdane (1-5), an isolabdane (6), and five clerodane diterpenoids (7-11), were isolated from seeds, husks, and leaves of colophospermum mopane. compounds 1-3 and 6-9 are new, and their structures were elucidated by means of physical data analysis (1d and 2d nmr, hresims). the absolute configurations of 1, 7, and 10 were determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction with cu kα radiation. for compounds 2 and 6, the absolute configurations were established by the modified mosher's method and ... | 2015 | 26444248 |
| faster and economical screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci by sequential use of chromogenic agar and real-time polymerase chain reaction. | screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) by culture takes days to generate results, while polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing directly from clinical specimens lacks specificity. the aims of this study were to develop a real-time pcr to detect and identify enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and vana and vanb genes, and to evaluate the impact of this pcr on test-reporting times when performing it directly from suspect vre isolates present on screening chromogenic media. | 2015 | 26442675 |
| diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of autochthonous dairy enterococci isolates: are they safe candidates for autochthonous starter cultures? | enterococci represent the most controversial group of dairy bacteria. they are found to be the main constituent of many traditional mediterranean dairy products and contribute to their characteristic taste and flavor. on the other hand, during the last 50 years antibiotic-resistant enterococci have emerged as leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. the aim of this study was to determine the diversity, technological properties, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence traits of 636 ente ... | 2015 | 26441888 |
| clinico-microbiological investigation of catheter associated urinary tract infection by enterococcus faecalis: vana genotype. | prolonged hospitalization and exposure to third generation cephalosporins are reported to facilitate the acquisition and colonization of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre). though vre is not uncommon in india, urinary tract infection with a vana genotype is a cause of serious concern as vre co-exhibit resistance to aminoglycosides. in india, majority of the vre isolates recovered from hospitalized patients include enterococcus faecium. we report a case of catheter associated urinary tract in ... | 2015 | 26435949 |
| synthesis, antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives containing an 3-alkoxyimino-4-(cyclopropylanimo)methylpyrrolidine moiety. | a series of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives containing an 3-alkoxyimino-4-(cyclopropylanimo)methylpyrrolidine moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. our results revealed that 19b2 shows good activity against mtb h37rv atcc 27294 (mic: <0.25 μg/ml) and mdr-mtb 6133 clinical isolate (mic: 0.11 μg/ml). most of them have potent potency against gram-positive strains, although they are generally poor active against gram-negative strains. especially, compounds ... | 2015 | 26435513 |
| covalent immobilization of enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase and dextran synthesis. | enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase was immobilized in fe(3+)-cross-linked alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose (ac) beads. the gel beads were modified with polyethylenimine (pei) followed by glutaraldehyde (ga) to form fe(3+) (acpg) beads. fe(3+) (acpg) was characterized using ftir and dsc techniques. ga activated beads showed new two peaks. the first was at 1,717 cm(-1) which refers to (co) group of a free aldehyde end of glutaraldehyde, and another peak was at 1,660 cm(-1) referring to (cn ... | 2016 | 26434519 |
| extracellular vesicle-derived protein from bifidobacterium longum alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression. | the incidence of food allergies has increased dramatically during the last decade. recently, probiotics have been studied for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. | 2016 | 26433560 |
| virulence of bacteria colonizing vascular bundles in ischemic lower limbs. | we documented previously the presence of bacterial flora in vascular bundles, lymphatics, and lymph nodes of ischemic lower limbs amputated because of multifocal atheromatic changes that made them unsuitable for reconstructive surgery and discussed their potential role in tissue destruction. the question arose why bacterial strains inhabiting lower limb skin and considered to be saprophytes become pathogenic once they colonize deep tissues. bacterial pathogenicity is evoked by activation of mult ... | 2016 | 26431369 |
| antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of the essential oils derived from origanum vulgare (oregano), melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. the study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adapt ... | 2015 | 26424908 |
| antimicrobial activity and ph of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles intracanal medication and association with chlorhexidine. | to evaluate ph and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)2] and zinc oxide (zno) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis. | 2015 | 26423497 |
| lethal bacterial trap: cationic surface for endodontic sealing. | insoluble antibacterial cationic nanoparticles have been previously shown to have potent and long-lasting antibacterial properties. our tested hypothesis was that root canal pathogens will be attracted to and eliminated when exposed to epoxy resin-based surfaces incorporating cationic nanoparticles. in our research, an epoxy resin-based surface incorporating quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (qpei) nanoparticles was evaluated. surface characterization was performed using atomic force microsc ... | 2016 | 26418438 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from the tunisian allium nigrum l. | the chemical composition of the essential oils of different allium nigrum l. organs and the antibacterial activity were evaluated. the study is particularly interesting because hitherto there are no reports on the antibacterial screening of this species with specific chemical composition. therefore, essential oils from different organs (flowers, stems, leaves and bulbs) obtained separately by hydrodistillation were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the antibacterial ac ... | 2014 | 26417280 |
| enhancing antimicrobial activity of tio2/ti by torularhodin bioinspired surface modification. | implant-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. this study was performed using titanium samples coated by anodization with a titanium dioxide (tio2) shielded nanotube layer. tio2/ti surface was modified by simple immersion in torularhodin solution and by using a mussel-inspired method based on polydopamine as bio adhesive for torularhodin immobilization. sem analysis revealed tubular microstructures of torularhodin and the pda ability to function as a catchy anchor be ... | 2016 | 26414412 |
| chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of verbesina negrensis from the venezuelan andes. | the composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from verbesina negrensis steyerm. leaves is reported. analysis was performed by gc/ms. major constituents were α-pinene (43.1%), α-humulene (13.8%), δ-cadinene (8.1%), limonene (4.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.2%). the essential oil showed in vitro activity against the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 and enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 (mic 500 and 350 μl/ml respectively). | 2015 | 26411037 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the crude peptide extracts of galatea paradoxa and patella rustica. | this study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude peptide extracted from galatea paradoxa (g. paradoxa) and patella rustica (p. rustica). the extracts were tested against eight strains of bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi, enterococcus feacalis, klebseilla pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one strain of fungi (candida albicans) using agar well diffusion and broth dilution assays. the ext ... | 2015 | 26405620 |
| lipoteichoic acid from an enterococcus faecalis clinical strain promotes tnf-α expression through the nf-κb and p38 mapk signaling pathways in differentiated thp-1 macrophages. | to study the immune-inflammatory response and signaling mechanism of macrophages to purified enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) lipoteichoic acid (lta), intact lta was obtained from an e. faecalis clinical strain p25rc using the butanol method and hydrophobic interaction chromatography purification. the fractions containing lta were determined using phosphate detection. contaminations with lipopolysaccharide and proteins were excluded using the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and sodium dodecyl ... | 2015 | 26405548 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hexane leaf extract of anisopus mannii (asclepiadaceae). | the aim was to determine the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the hexane leaf extract of anisopus mannii against a wide range of human pathogenic microorganisms. | 2015 | 26401399 |
| comparative analysis of the orphan crispr2 locus in 242 enterococcus faecalis strains. | clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated cas proteins (crispr-cas) provide prokaryotes with a mechanism for defense against mobile genetic elements (mges). a crispr locus is a molecular memory of mge encounters. it contains an array of short sequences, called spacers, that generally have sequence identity to mges. three different crispr loci have been identified among strains of the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis. crispr1 and crispr3 are assoc ... | 2015 | 26398194 |
| surveillance of gram-positive cocci infections and drug resistance. | in this study, the prevalence of gram-positive cocci isolates and the characteristics of multiple drug resistances in patients were investigated. antibiotic resistances were determined in the clinical microbiology laboratory with the methodology of the clsi (2012). the software whonet5.4 and spss13.0 were used for statistical analysis. there were a total of 6211 gram-positive cocci isolates, comprised of 2255 (36.3%) coagulase (-) staphylococci, 1277 (20.6%) staphylococci aureus, 1109 (17.9%) en ... | 2015 | 26386666 |
| [construction of luxs gene knockout mutant of enterococcus faecalis]. | to construct quorum sensing luxs knockout mutants of enterococcus faecalis through homologous recombination. | 2015 | 26383557 |
| comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera, garlic, and 5% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants against enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study. | enterococcus faecalis are the most resistant and predominant microorganisms recovered from root canals of teeth where previous treatment has failed. over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. in dentistry, phytomedicines has been used as an anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative, and also as an endodontic irrigant. in endodontics, because of the cytotoxic reactions of most of the commercial intracanal medicaments and their inability ... | 2015 | 26381627 |
| how long can culturable bacteria and total dna persist in environmental waters? the role of sunlight and solid particles. | in this work, sunlight inactivation of two indicator bacteria in freshwater, with and without solid particles, was studied and the persistence of culturable cells and total dna was compared. environmental water was used to prepare two matrices, with and without solid particles, which were spiked with escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. these matrices were used to prepare microcosm bags that were placed in two containers: one exposed to sunlight and the other in the dark. during one month ... | 2016 | 26379262 |
| orthopedic implant-infections. incompetence of staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus lugdunensis and enterococcus faecalis to invade osteoblasts. | septic failure is still the major complication of prosthetic implants. entering host cells, bacteria hide from host immune defenses, shelter from extracellular antibiotics, and cause chronic infection. staphylococcus aureus, the leading etiologic agent of orthopedic implant-infections, is able to enter bone cells and induce osteoblast apoptosis, osteoclast recruitment, and highly destructive osteomyelitis. staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus lugdunensis and enterococcus faecalis are oppor ... | 2015 | 26378773 |
| in vitro studies of antibacterial and antifungal wound dressings comprising h2tio3 and sio2 nanoparticles. | the incidence rate of the infected and complex wound is established at approximately 40,000/1 million of the world's adult population. the aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of three novel types of wound dressings comprising sodium chloride, metatitanic acid and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. the study design was to prove their antimicrobial properties against the microorganisms most commonly causing wound infections. the study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of tested dressings o ... | 2015 | 26373173 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities of some pyrazoline, hydrazone and chalcone derivatives. | twenty-seven previously reported chalcones and their pyrazoline and hydrazone derivatives as well as two further chalcones have been screened for their antimicrobial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities against standard microbial strains and drug resistant isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value of each compound was determined by a two-fold serial microdilution technique. the compounds were found to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities with mic values o ... | 2015 | 26372110 |
| effects of pre-encapsulated and pro-encapsulated enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, blood characteristics, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. | the effects of microencapsulation of enterococcus faecalis on the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, and cecal microbiota in broilers were investigated. broilers (1-day-old) were assigned randomly as follows: 5 treatments, 5 replicate pens per treatment, and 20 broilers per pen. treatments included (1) a basal diet (con), (2) con + aureomycin (1 g/kg of diet) (ant), (3) con + free non-encapsulated probiotics (1 × 10(9) cfu/kg of diet) (free), (4) con + pro-encapsulated pr ... | 2015 | 26371326 |
| construction of recombinant pichia pastoris carrying a constitutive avbd9 gene and analysis of its activity. | avian beta-defensin 9 (avbd9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, avbd9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. using the preferred codon of pichia pastoris, the mature avbd9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on th ... | 2015 | 26370794 |
| deletion of liar reverses daptomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium independent of the genetic background. | we have shown previously that changes in liafsr, a three-component regulatory system predicted to orchestrate the cell membrane stress response, are important mediators of daptomycin (dap) resistance in enterococci. indeed, deletion of the gene encoding the response regulator liar in a clinical strain of enterococcus faecalis reversed dap resistance (dap-r) and produced a strain hypersusceptible to antimicrobial peptides. since liafsr is conserved in enterococcus faecium, we investigated the rol ... | 2015 | 26369959 |
| chemical compositions and aroma evaluation of volatile oil from the industrial cultivation medium of enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis is one of the major lactic acid bacterium (lab) species colonizing the intestines of animals and humans. the characteristic odor of the volatile oils obtained from both the liquid medium after incubation (mai) and liquid medium before incubation (mbi) in the cultivation process of e. faecalis was investigated to determine the utility of the liquid medium. in total, fifty-six and thirty-two compounds were detected in the volatile oils from the mai (mai oil) and mbi (mbi oil) ... | 2015 | 26369592 |
| inhibitory effect of gels loaded with a low concentration of antibiotics against biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis and porphyromonas gingivalis. | we explored longitudinally the inhibitory effect of gels loaded with 1 mg/ml modified triple antibiotic paste (mtap) or double antibiotic paste (dap) against biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis and porphyromonas gingivalis. methylcellulose-based antibiotic gels of mtap (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and clindamycin) and dap (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. individually cultured e. faecalis and p. gingivalis bacterial suspensions were treated wi ... | 2015 | 26369485 |
| erratum to: investigating the mobilome in clinically important lineages of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis. | 2015 | 26369411 | |
| the effects of indoor and outdoor dust exposure on the growth, sensitivity to oxidative-stress, and biofilm production of three opportunistic bacterial pathogens. | within the last decade, many studies have highlighted the radical changes in the components of indoor and outdoor dust. for example, agents like automobile emitted platinum group elements and different kinds of organic phthalates and esters have been reported to be accumulating in the biosphere. humans consistently face dermal, respiratory, and dietary exposures to these particles while indoors and outdoors. in fact, dust particulate matter has been associated with close to 500,000 deaths per ye ... | 2015 | 26363607 |
| molecular characterization of microbial contaminants isolated from umbilical cord blood units for transplant. | disposal of umbilical cord blood units due to microbial contamination is a major problem in cord blood banks worldwide as it reduces the number of units available for transplantation. additionally, economic losses are generated as result of resources and infrastructure used to obtain such units. umbilical cord blood units that showed initial microbial contamination were subject to strains isolation, identification, and characterization by sequencing the 16s rrna gene and enterobacterial repetiti ... | 2015 | 26361843 |
| purple urine bag syndrome in two elderly men with urinary tract infection. | purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition in which purple discoloration of urine inside its collection bag occurs. we describe two illustrative cases. the first patient is an 81-year-old man who was hospitalized for a newly diagnosed lymphoma with acute obstructive renal failure for which a nephrostomy procedure was performed. during the hospitalization, a sudden purple discoloration of the suprapubic catheter urine was noted, while the nephrostomy urine had a normal color. urine culture fro ... | 2015 | 26351597 |
| the fibronectin-binding protein efba contributes to pathogenesis and protects against infective endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis. | efba is a pava-like fibronectin adhesin of enterococcus faecalis previously shown to be important in experimental urinary tract infection. here, we expressed and purified the e. faecalis og1rf efba and confirmed that this protein binds with high affinity to immobilized fibronectin, collagen i, and collagen v. we constructed an efba deletion mutant and demonstrated that its virulence was significantly attenuated (p < 0.0006) versus the wild type in a mixed inoculum rat endocarditis model. further ... | 2015 | 26351286 |
| enterococcus faecalis-related prostatitis successfully treated with moxifloxacin. | 2015 | 26349832 | |
| structure-activity relationship of the aminomethylcyclines and the discovery of omadacycline. | a series of novel tetracycline derivatives were synthesized with the goal of creating new antibiotics that would be unaffected by the known tetracycline resistance mechanisms. new c-9-position derivatives of minocycline (the aminomethylcyclines [amcs]) were tested for in vitro activity against gram-positive strains containing known tetracycline resistance mechanisms of ribosomal protection (tet m in staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae) and efflux (tet k in ... | 2015 | 26349824 |
| [bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between july 1982 and march 2012]. | this is an integrated summary of the results obtained from a 3-decade multicenter study on bacteria isolated from surgical infections in japan between july 1982 and march 2012. during the 3-decade study, 11,196 strains were isolated from 4,787 patients consisting of 2,132 patients with primary infection and 2,655 patients with surgical site infection. almost half of the primary infection was peritonitis, which accounted for 42.3%-55.5%. in contrast, most of the surgical site infection was wound ... | 2015 | 26349116 |
| antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor gene profiles of enterococcus spp. isolates from wild arctocephalus australis (south american fur seal) and arctocephalus tropicalis (subantarctic fur seal). | enterococci are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts in humans and animals. epidemiological data suggest that enterococci are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant genes that may be transmitted from other bacterial species the aim of this study was to investigate the species composition, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild arctocephalus australis and a. tropicalis found dead along the south coast of brazil. from ... | 2015 | 26347323 |
| graphene oxide-modified zno particles: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties. | nanosized zno particles with diameters of 15 nm were prepared with a solution precipitation method at low cost and high yield. the synthesis of the particles was functionalized by the organic solvent dimethylformamide, and the particles were covalently bonded to the surface of graphene oxide. the morphology of the graphene oxide sheets and zno particles was confirmed with field emission scanning electron microscopy and biological atomic force microscopy. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy a ... | 2015 | 26347126 |
| enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis as a metastatic complication of hemodialysis vascular access-related sepsis: a case report and review of the literature. | catheter and/or arteriovenous (a-v) graft-related bacteremia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (hd) patients. endocarditis, septic arthritis, epidural abscess, septic embolism, and osteomyelitis are the most common complications of catheter and/or a-v graft-related bacteremia; however, endogenous endophthalmitis is rarely seen. to the best of our knowledge, enterococcus faecalis is the first case report in this population. we hereby report a case of endogenous e ... | 2016 | 26346615 |
| characterization of sviceucin from streptomyces provides insight into enzyme exchangeability and disulfide bond formation in lasso peptides. | lasso peptides are bacterial ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. they have sparked increasing interest in peptide-based drug development because of their compact, interlocked structure, which offers superior stability and protein-binding capacity. disulfide bond-containing lasso peptides are rare and exhibit highly sought-after activities. in an effort to expand the repertoire of such molecules, we heterologously expressed, in streptomyces coelicolor, the gene clu ... | 2015 | 26343290 |
| rapid, culture-independent, optical diagnostics of centrifugally captured bacteria from urine samples. | this work presents a polymeric centrifugal microfluidic platform for the rapid and sensitive identification of bacteria directly from urine, thus eliminating time-consuming cultivation steps. this "lab-on-a-disc" platform utilizes the rotationally induced centrifugal field to efficiently capture bacteria directly from suspension within a glass-polymer hybrid chip. once trapped in an array of small v-shaped structures, the bacteria are readily available for spectroscopic characterization, such as ... | 2015 | 26339318 |
| transfer, composition and technological characterization of the lactic acid bacterial populations of the wooden vats used to produce traditional stretched cheeses. | the biofilms of 12 wooden vats used for the production of the traditional stretched cheeses caciocavallo palermitano and pdo vastedda della valle del belìce were investigated. salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes were never detected. total coliforms were at low numbers with escherichia coli found only in three vats. coagulase-positive staphylococci (cps) were below the enumeration limit, whereas lactic acid bacteria (lab) dominated the surfaces of all vats. in general, the dominance was sh ... | 2015 | 26338114 |
| the influence of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the in vitro activity of ampicillin, daptomycin, and linezolid against enterococcus faecalis. | intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. however, little data are available on a possible interference between peritoneal dialysis fluids and the activity of antimicrobial agents. thus, the present in vitro study set out to investigate the influence of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the antimicrobial activity of ampicillin, linezolid, and daptomycin against enterococcus faecalis. time-kill curves in four d ... | 2015 | 26337433 |
| sealing ability of two root-end filling materials in a bacterial nutrient leakage model. | to compare in vitro the sealing ability of root-end fillings with mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and endosequence bioceramic root repair material-fast set (bc-rrm) putty using a novel bacterial nutrient leakage model, which provides information on whether or not intracanal bacteria are receiving nutrients from serum via leakage channels. | 2016 | 26334201 |
| in mixed biofilms enterococcus faecalis benefits from a calcium hydroxide challenge and culturing. | to evaluate the fate of enterococcus faecalis in dual-species and multispecies biofilms after treatment with calcium hydroxide (ca(oh)2 ). | 2015 | 26333716 |
| chronic prostatitis: a possible cause of hematospermia. | while hematospermia is mainly caused by genitourinary inflammatory disorders, very few studies have been published on prostatitis-associated hematospermia (pah) diagnosed using robust prostatitis evaluation methods. therefore, we have evaluated the incidence of pah by using systematic methods for evaluating prostatitis. | 2015 | 26331127 |
| antibiofilm efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide medicament against enterococcus faecalis. | the aim of the present study was to investigate antibacterial characteristic and enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) biofilm suppression effect of different vehicles of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicaments in short and long-term. | 2015 | 26327612 |
| antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of polyethylenimine: an interesting compound for endodontic treatment. | bacteria levels of necrotic teeth are greatly reduced after endodontic treatment procedures but the presence of persisting microorganisms leads to continuous efforts to develop materials with antimicrobial properties. the purpose of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of polyethylenimine (pei) against common bacteria and yeasts, regarding planktonic cells and biofilm, and to clarify its antimicrobial mechanism of action through flow cytometry. | 2015 | 26323443 |
| characterization of two metal binding lipoproteins as vaccine candidates for enterococcal infections. | enterococcus faecium and faecalis are gram-positive opportunistic pathogens that have become leading causes of nosocomial infections over the last decades. especially multidrug resistant enterococci have become a challenging clinical problem worldwide. therefore, new treatment options are needed and the identification of alternative targets for vaccine development has emerged as a feasible alternative to fight the infections caused by these pathogens. | 2015 | 26322633 |
| enterococcal isolates carrying the novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optra from hospitals in zhejiang, guangdong, and henan, china, 2010-2014. | a collection of 1159 enterococcal isolates from five chinese hospitals were screened for the presence of the novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optra, which was found in 34 (2.9%) isolates. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing of 29 optra-carrying enterococcus faecalis isolates revealed 25 pfge patterns, and multilocus sequence typing yielded 20 sequence types. routine surveillance of optra-positive enterococci in hospitals should be conducted to monitor and counteract their further d ... | 2015 | 26319902 |
| roles of tlr/myd88/mapk/nf-κb signaling pathways in the regulation of phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to e. faecalis infection. | enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium residing in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, but in certain situations it is also an opportunistic pathogen which can cause serious disease. macrophages have been shown to play a critical role in controlling infections by commensal enterococci and also have an important role in mediating chromosomal instability and promoting colon cancer during high-level enterococcal colonization in genetically susceptible mice. however, the molecular mechani ... | 2015 | 26317438 |
| telavancin: mechanisms of action, in vitro activity, and mechanisms of resistance. | telavancin is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin. telavancin has a dual mechanism of antibacterial action, disrupting peptidoglycan synthesis and cell membrane function. in 2014, the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) revised the antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for telavancin, resulting in minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) determinations that are more accurate and reproducible and demonstrate greater in vitro potency than shown with the pre ... | 2015 | 26316559 |
| environmental waters as a source of antibiotic-resistant enterococcus species in belgrade, serbia. | despite the number of studies on antibiotic-resistant enterococci from serbian clinical settings, there are no data about environmental contamination with these bacteria. thus, this study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in belgrade, serbia. enterococcus species collected from ten surface water sites, including a lake, two major river systems, and springs, were tested. among enterococci, we found single (21.7 %), double (17.4 %), and multiple antibiotic resistance ... | 2015 | 26314345 |
| antimicrobial action of sodium hypochlorite and castor oil solutions for denture cleaning - in vitro evaluation. | the objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of sodium hypochlorite (0.25% and 0.50%) and 10% castor oil solutions against specific microorganisms, by counting colony forming units (cfu) of clinically important bacteria and candida species. acrylic resin specimens (n = 320; lucitone 550) were obtained from square metal matrices (10 x 10 x 2 mm), sterilized by microwave (650w, for 6 minutes) and contaminated by staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candid ... | 2015 | 26313346 |
| effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation on enterococcus faecalis from root canals: an ex vivo study. | endodontic irrigation aims to clean and disinfect the root canal system. passive ultrasonic irrigation (pui) is based on the use of an ultrasound-activated instrument into the root canal filled with irrigant. the aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the effectiveness of pui in eliminating enterococcus faecalis from root canals. seventy-five extracted human single-root teeth were used. after root canal preparation, specimens were inoculated with e. faecalis and incubated at 37 °c for 21 da ... | 2017 | 26312969 |
| aspirin plus ticlopidine prevented experimental endocarditis due to enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus gallolyticus. | enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus gallolyticus cause infective endocarditis (ie), which can originate from the continuous release or translocation of low bacterial numbers into the bloodstream. in this context, ie cannot be prevented with antibiotics. we previously demonstrated that aspirin plus ticlopidine protected rats from ie due to s. gordonii and staphylococcus aureus. here we showed that aspirin plus ticlopidine significantly reduced vegetation weight and protected 73 and 64% rats ( ... | 2015 | 26310867 |