Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [not available]. | 1948 | 18871841 | |
| [not available]. | 1948 | 18871824 | |
| the genus shigella and shigellosis. | 1948 | 18871435 | |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae, shiga; the effect of serums on experimental infection and intoxication in mice. | 1948 | 18869810 | |
| studies with shigella dysenterias, shiga; infection and toxin action in mice. | 1948 | 18869809 | |
| [not available]. | 1948 | 18868572 | |
| isolation of shigella from the gallbladder in bacillary dysentery. | 1948 | 18866888 | |
| prolonged laboratory observations on clinical cases and carriers of shigella flexneri iii following an epidemic. | 1948 | 18864928 | |
| studies in dysentery vaccination; immunity in mice injected with vaccines of shigella. | 1948 | 18864081 | |
| the toxic and antigenic properties of fractions prepared from the complete antigen of shigella dysenteriae. | 1948 | 18864078 | |
| invasion by shigella sonnei of tissues of mice following gavage with viable shigella. | 1948 | 18863683 | |
| the labile antigens of shigella dysenteriae shiga. | 1948 | 18861434 | |
| shigellae occurring in japan. | 1948 | 18859821 | |
| [new selective indicator medium for detection of aeromonas and plesiomonas: unisc agar]. | we evaluated a new selective indicator medium (unisc agar) for isolation of classical enteropathogens, aeromonas spp and plesiomonas shigelloides. the xylose fermentation capacity is indicated by a yellow color (fermenting agents) or blue (no fermenting agent). this, together with the oxidase test, establishes it as an indicator for detecting aeromonas and plesiomonas shigelloides. its productivity and selectivity, as assessed using the absolute count index and relative count index, indicate it ... | 2008 | 18853024 |
| role for the chlamydial type iii secretion apparatus in host cytokine expression. | in many important human pathogens, such as shigella and salmonella spp., the bacterial type iii secretion (t3s) apparatus is required to initiate inflammation via activation of caspase-1- or nf-kappab-dependent genes. using an ex vivo infection model, the goal of the present study was to determine whether the chlamydial t3s apparatus also modulates the host inflammatory response. infections of mouse peritoneal macrophages were performed with chlamydia muridarum, and the expression of inflammator ... | 2009 | 18852236 |
| prevention of the cytopathic effect induced by clostridium difficile toxin b by active rac1. | clostridium difficile toxin b (tcdb) glucosylates low molecular weight gtp-binding proteins of the rho subfamily and thereby causes actin re-organization (cell rounding). this "cytopathic effect" has been generally attributed to rhoa inactivation. here we show that cells expressing non-glucosylatable rac1-q61l are protected from the cytopathic effect of tcdb. in contrast, cells expressing rhoa-q63l or mock-transfected cells are fully susceptible for the cytopathic effect of tcdb. these findings ... | 2008 | 18848548 |
| [analysis on incidence of bacillary dysentery in jinan municipality from 1951 to 2005]. | to explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control. | 2008 | 18844085 |
| [analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis molecular subtyping of shigella strains in shenzhen]. | to analyze the genetic relations of shigella isolated from shenzhen in 2001-2006 and develop primary molecular subtyping surveillance network of shigella. | 2008 | 18844079 |
| [the distribution and antimicrobial resistance tendency of pathogens associated with diarrhea in beijing]. | to monitor the constituents and resistant tendency of bacterial pathogens isolated from diarrheal patients in our hospital form 1994 to 2005 to offer the basis for guiding epidemiologic study, vaccination research and clinical treatment. | 2008 | 18843955 |
| bacterial enteropathogens of neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal hospital in bangladesh. | data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonates are scarce, especially from developing countries including bangladesh. a retrospective review of the electronic database of the microbiology laboratory of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was carried out to examine enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in neonates. stool specimens of the neonates on admission to the dhaka hospital of icddr,b were collected and sent to the laboratory for direct plati ... | 2009 | 18840632 |
| prevalence and antibiotic resistant shigellae among primary school children in urban calabar, nigeria. | in a recent study, involving the examination of 593 stool samples obtained from randomly selected children from three primary schools in calabar, shigella spp. were isolated from 123 (20.7%) of the samples. the infection rate was highest among the younger children with (64.2%) 79/123 of the isolates coming from children under 10 years of age. infection rate was comparable among boys and girls (p = 0.1). only two species of shigella were isolated viz: shigella flexneri 12.0% (71/593) and shigella ... | 2004 | 18839866 |
| [detection of staphylococcus aureus, shigella spp., salmonella spp. in food by multiplex pcr]. | to establish a multiplex pcr method for simultaneous detection of staphylococcus aureus, shigella spp., salmonella spp. in food. | 2008 | 18839528 |
| [htpg protein of shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t evokes inflammatory response in mice]. | to analyze the function of htpg of s. flexneri 2a 2457t, we constructed an htpg deletion mutant and a recovery mutant. | 2008 | 18837368 |
| quinolone-induced arthropathy: an update focusing on new mechanistic and clinical data. | quinolones possess favourable antibacterial and pharmacokinetic characteristics and are often used as anti-infective agents in adults. they are contraindicated in children and adolescents because they damage weight-bearing joints in juvenile animals. in addition, they possess a tendotoxic potential. since ciprofloxacin has been used off-label for decades in children and adolescents, it is known today that no pronounced risks for arthropathies or tendinopathies exist in humans. recently published ... | 2009 | 18835137 |
| reduction in infection risk through treatment of microbially contaminated surfaces with a novel, portable, saturated steam vapor disinfection system. | surface-mediated infectious disease transmission is a major concern in various settings, including schools, hospitals, and food-processing facilities. chemical disinfectants are frequently used to reduce contamination, but many pose significant risks to humans, surfaces, and the environment, and all must be properly applied in strict accordance with label instructions to be effective. this study set out to determine the capability of a novel chemical-free, saturated steam vapor disinfection syst ... | 2009 | 18834748 |
| evaluation by real-time pcr of the expression of s. flexneri virulence-associated genes ospb and phon2 under different genetical backgrounds. | under conditions of activated type iii secretion shigella flexneri up-regulates the expression of numerous genes, including the virulence plasmid (pinv)-encoded ospb and phon2 genes. ospb and phon2 are virulence-associated genes which are part of a bicistronic transcriptional unit encoding ospb, a protein (effector) of unknown function secreted by the type iii secretion (tts) apparatus, and phon2 (apyrase or atp-diphosphohydrolase), a periplasmic protein involved in polar icsa localization on th ... | 2008 | 18831939 |
| design, synthesis and in vitro microbiological evaluation of 6,6-dimethyl-7,9-diaryl-1,2,4,8-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-thiones--a new series of 'tailor-made' compounds. | some novel 'tailor-made' compounds, 6,6-dimethyl-7,9-diaryl-1,2,4,8-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-thiones 23-27 have been studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, beta-heamolytic streptococcus, vibreo cholerae, salmonella typhii, shigella felxneri, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and anti-fungal activity against aspergillus flavus, mucor, rhizopus and microsporum gypsuem. compounds 24 and 25 exerted potent antibacterial activity ... | 2009 | 18830884 |
| 'form variation' of the o12 antigen is critical for persistence of salmonella typhimurium in the murine intestine. | salmonella enterica subspecies i serotypes are responsible for the vast majority of salmonellosis in mammals and birds, yet only a few factors specific to this group that allow them to persist in this niche have been identified. we show that stm0557, a s. enterica subspecies i-specific gene encoding an inner membrane protein, is critical for faecal shedding and intestinal persistence of s. enterica serotype typhimurium atcc14028 in salmonella-resistant mice, but mutations in this gene do not dim ... | 2008 | 18826410 |
| metal based isatin-derived sulfonamides: their synthesis, characterization, coordination behavior and biological activity. | some isatin derived sulfonamides and their transition metal [co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), zn(ii)] complexes have been synthesized and characterized. the structure of synthesized compounds and their nature of bonding have been inferred on the basis of their physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements), analytical (elemental analyses) and spectral (ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) properties. an octahedral geometry has been suggested for co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) and square-planar for cu ... | 2009 | 18825557 |
| design, synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols. | new 4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-2h-indazol-3-ols 25-32 were designed, synthesized and in vitro microbially evaluated using clinically isolated bacterial strains viz staphylococcus aureus, beta-heamolytic streptococcus, vibreo cholerae, salmonella typhii, shigella felxneri and fungal strains viz aspergillus flavus, mucor, rhizopus and microsporum gypsuem. results of this study showed that the nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings viz., methyl, methoxy, chloro, nitro as well as the br ... | 2009 | 18825556 |
| evaluation of methods for isolation of dna for polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based identification of pathogenic bacteria from pure cultures and water samples. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) provides a reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria in water samples. however, this method can be adversely influenced by the purity of the dna template. this is a particularly important obstacle when the bacterial dna is directly extracted from water samples. in this study we compared the suitability of 8 different methods for isolation of bacterial dna from pure cultures and 10 different methods for isolation of dna from water samples. the quality of extracted ... | 2008 | 18824796 |
| bacteriophage 2851 is a prototype phage for dissemination of the shiga toxin variant gene 2c in escherichia coli o157:h7. | the production of shiga toxin (stx) (verocytotoxin) is a major virulence factor of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains (shiga toxin-producing e. coli [stec] o157). two types of shiga toxins, designated stx1 and stx2, are produced in stec o157. variants of the stx2 type (stx2, stx2c) are associated with high virulences of these strains for humans. a bacteriophage designated 2851 from a human stec o157 encoding the stx2c variant was described previously. nucleotide sequence analysis of the phage 2851 ... | 2008 | 18824528 |
| nlrc4/ipaf: a card carrying member of the nlr family. | the nod-like receptor (nlr) family of proteins is involved in the regulation of innate immune responses and cell death pathways. recent findings show that the nlr family member nlrc4 (also known as ipaf) has important roles in innate immune responses to gram-negative bacteria. macrophages infected with legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, or pseudomonas aeruginosa activate caspase-1 in an nlrc4-dependent manner leading to macrophage cell death and the release of pro ... | 2009 | 18819842 |
| [rotaviruses in younger children in novosibirsk in 2005-2007: detection and genotyping]. | examination of 1898 patients with acute enteric infection from march 2005 to february 2007 showed that group a rotaviruses were the most frequent cause (35%) of acute gastroenteritis among children under 3 years of age. majority of cases of rotavirus infection was detected in infants under 1 year of age (71.8%). the peak of sporadic incidence was observed between february and may. high rate of mixed infection (45.6%) was observed - associations of rotaviruses with other viruses (noroviruses, ast ... | 2008 | 18819400 |
| inhibitory effects of sage extract on the growth of enteric bacteria. | antibacterial activity of sage extract at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, 0.00625, 0.003125, 0.00156, 0.0005 and 0.00025 g dl(-1) against salmonella typhi, shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, etec escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. susceptibility testing of bacterial strains against 18 antibiotics was also performed for comparison. the results showed that p. aeruginosa and etec e. coli were completely resistant to sage extrac ... | 2008 | 18817180 |
| subproteomic tools to increase genome annotation complexity. | comprehensive and precise annotations of short protein-coding genes are always a challenging task. here we propose a new design to facilitate the characterization of previously overlooked short protein-coding genes by integrating a shotgun proteomics method and oligonucleotide array analysis. using shigella flexneri as a model, we validate 163 annotated orfs and 51 hypothetical or putative transcripts at the protein level, and discover four novel short orfs. this strategy will contribute signifi ... | 2008 | 18814329 |
| mechanisms of infectious diarrhea. | infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem worldwide. research has provided new insights into the mechanisms of diarrhea caused by various pathogens that are classified as noninflammatory, inflammatory or invasive. these three groups of organisms cause two diarrheal syndromes--noninflammatory diarrhea and inflammatory diarrhea. the noninflammatory diarrheas are caused by enterotoxin-producing organisms such as vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, or by viruses tha ... | 2008 | 18813221 |
| [glycosphingolipids gb3 and igb3. in vivo roles in hemolytic-uremic syndrome and inkt cell function]. | the glycosphingolipids globotrihexosylceramide (gb3, cd77) and isoglobotrihexosylceramide (igb3) are isomers differing only in one glycosidic bond and have been implicated in several processes of the innate and adaptive immune system. | 2008 | 18810447 |
| [treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea with a suspension of donor faeces]. | to study the effect of treating recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) with a suspension of donor faeces. | 2008 | 18808083 |
| [dysentery and amoebiasis in poland in 2006]. | the number of notified as shigellosis, bacillary dysentery cases in the three last years (2004, 2005, 2006) is lower and lower and is the lowest of all years since 1918 when notification started. only 35 cases were notified in the year 2006, while 80 were notified in 2005 (incidence rate 0.21/100 000 population), and 74 cases in 2004 (incidence rate 0.19/100 000 population). no one-death case was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. no one outbreak was registered. twelve c ... | 2008 | 18807468 |
| indications and challenges of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the management of arthralgias and spondyloarthropathies in inflammatory bowel disease. | arthralgia and spondyloarthropathy of the peripheral and the axial joints are common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. evidence for this association has been provided by clinical, epidemiologic, and immunologic studies confirming the presence of shared inflammatory pathways in gut and joint. bacterial gut infections such as salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella, campylobacter jejuni may induce reactive peripheral arthritis and 20% of these patients may develop chr ... | 2008 | 18806706 |
| incidence of bacterial enteropathogens among hospitalized diarrhea patients from orissa, india. | bacteriological analysis of 1,551 stool/rectal swabs from all age groups of diarrhea patients of different hospitals of orissa from january 2004 to december 2006 was carried out using standard procedures. among all enteropathogens isolated in 886 culture-positive samples, escherichia coli constituted 75.5%, including 13.2% pathogenic e. coli; vibrio cholerae o1 constituted 17.3%; v. cholerae o139, 1%; shigella spp., 4.5% (shigella flexneri type 6, 2.9%, s. dysenteriae type i, 0.7%, s. sonnei, 0. ... | 2008 | 18806340 |
| molecular approach and bacterial quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities in egypt. | water is necessary to life so when supplied as drinking water to consumers, a satisfactory quality must be maintained. in egypt, infectious intestinal diseases are the major cause of hospitalization in almost all regions. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of treated and untreated water samples from urban and rural communities. thirty-five samples of treated (chlorinated) water from taps, 25 samples of bottled water and 15 samples of hand pump (untreated) water ... | 2008 | 18800596 |
| guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative hemolytic uremic syndrome. | this guideline for the investigation and initial treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is intended to offer an approach based on opinion, as evidence is lacking. it builds on the current ability to identify the etiology of specific diagnostic sub-groups of hus. hus in children is mostly due to infection, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), shigella dysenteriae type 1 in some geographic regions, and invasive streptococcus pneumoniae. these sub-groups are relatively straight ... | 2009 | 18800230 |
| the roles of two-component systems in virulence of pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella spp. | two-component systems (tcss) are well conserved among e. coli strains, including pathogenic e. coli and also closely related shigella spp. although 25% of the genome of pathogenic e. coli is strain-specific, only small number of strain-specific tcss is found. regulation of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli is partly dependent on tcss commonly present in nonpathogenic e. coli strains. some virulence genes are directly regulated by response regulator oftcs but some are affected ... | 2008 | 18792690 |
| [molecular typing of isolates from two dysentery outbreaks in chengdu, through pulsed field gel electrophoresis technology]. | using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) typing to analyze strains isolated from two outbreaks caused by shigella sonnei and to trace the source of infection. | 2008 | 18788530 |
| novel fold of vira, a type iii secretion system effector protein from shigella flexneri. | vira, a secreted effector protein from shigella sp., has been shown to be necessary for its virulence. it was also reported that vira might be related to papain-like cysteine proteases and cleave alpha-tubulin, thus facilitating intracellular spreading. we have now determined the crystal structure of vira at 3.0 a resolution. the shape of the molecule resembles the letter "v," with the residues in the n-terminal third of the 45-kda molecule (some of which are disordered) forming one clearly iden ... | 2008 | 18787201 |
| novel cassette arrays of integrons in clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae in china. | one hundred and forty-two enterobacteriaceae isolates randomly selected from four general hospitals in nanjing region of china were investigated for antibiotic susceptibility, the presence of integrons and the characterisation of gene cassettes. eighty-five (59.9%) enterobacteriaceae strains contained class 1 integrons, and 17 (65.4%) of 26 shigella contained class 2 integrons. class 3 integrons were not detected in this study. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing a ... | 2008 | 18778917 |
| gateways to clinical trials. | 11d10, 9vpnc-mncc; adalimumab, adefovir dipivoxil, alefacept, aln-rsv01, ame-133, amg-317, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, anisodamine, anti-il-5 receptor antibody, apremilast, aripiprazole, atacicept, atazanavir sulfate, atrasentan; banoxantrone, bevacizumab, bibw-2992, binodenoson, bms-387032; cac10, caldaret hydrate, cd-np, ceftobiprole medocaril, celivarone fumarate, certolizumab pegol, cholesteryl hydrophobized polysaccharide-her2 protein complex, ... | 2008 | 18773127 |
| rapid allelic exchange in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and other e. coli using lambda red recombination. | this unit describes an allelic exchange system for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), and similar pathogenic species of bacteria. the phage lambda red recombination system is expressed from a plasmid, inducing a hyper-recombinogenic state where electroporated pcr-generated substrates recombine with the bacterial chromosome at high efficiency. the technique can be used to substitute a drug marker for the gene of interest, or used to generate a clean in-frame deletion of the target gene. single gen ... | 2006 | 18770591 |
| the in vitro anti-pathogenic activity of immunoglobulin concentrates extracted from ovine blood. | an immunoglobulin-rich fraction has been prepared from ovine blood in our laboratory. we have investigated its antibacterial activity and binding activity to pathogenic whole cell antigens, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and staphylococcal enterotoxin b. ovine immunoglobulin concentrate (oic) comprised about 73 +/- 2% of igg and 11 +/- 1% of igm on a protein basis. it inhibited the growth of all 13 strains of pathogens tested, but the inhibitory activity varied according to bacterial strain. the inhib ... | 2009 | 18769875 |
| shigellosis in puducherry. | 2008 | 18765885 | |
| bacterial conjugation in the cytoplasm of mouse cells. | intracellular pathogenic organisms such as salmonellae and shigellae are able to evade the effects of many antibiotics because the drugs are not able to penetrate the plasma membrane. in addition, these bacteria may be able to transfer genes within cells while protected from the action of drugs. the primary mode by which virulence and antibiotic resistance genes are spread is bacterial conjugation. salmonellae have been shown to be competent for conjugation in the vacuoles of cultured mammalian ... | 2008 | 18765719 |
| structural and functional studies indicate that shigella vira is not a protease and does not directly destabilize microtubules. | vira, an essential virulence factor in shigella disease pathogenesis, is involved in the uptake, motility, and cell-to-cell spread of shigella organisms within the human host. these functions have been attributed to a vira protease activity and a mechanism of microtubule destruction via tubulin degradation [yoshida, s., et al. (2006) science 314, 985-989]. we report functional and crystallographic data indicating a novel vira structure that lacks these activities but highlights the homology to t ... | 2008 | 18763811 |
| construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against shigella species with dna recombination. | in this work asd gene of shigella flexneri 2a strain t32 was replaced by vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) gene with dna recombination in vivo and in vitro. the resulting derivative of t32, designed as fwl01, could stably express ctxb, but its growth in lb medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (dap). then form i plasmid of shigella sonnei strain s7 was labeled with strain t32 asd gene and mobilized into fwl01. thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as fsw0 ... | 2002 | 18763059 |
| topology and identification of critical residues of the o-acetyltransferase of serotype-converting bacteriophage, sf6, of shigella flexneri. | the modification of the lps o-antigen, seen in the diverse serotypes of shigella flexneri is brought about by the glucosyltransferases (gtr) and the o-acetyltransferase (oac). in this study, we establish the membrane topology of oac using the dual reporter phoa-laczalpha. we have determined that oac is an integral membrane protein with 10 transmembrane regions. the hydrophilic n- and c-termini are oriented in the cytoplasm. functionally important cytoplasmic and periplasmic loops have also been ... | 2008 | 18755141 |
| characterization of endemic shigella boydii strains isolated in iran by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profile, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | shigellosis is one of the major causes of morbidity in children with diarrhea in iran. the present study was undertaken to characterize apparently sporadic shigella boydii strains isolated from pediatric patients in iran. | 2008 | 18755045 |
| occurrence and characteristics of the cytolysin a gene in shigella strains and other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | cytolysin a (clya, hlye, shea) is a hemolytic pore-forming toxin found in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. in the present study, analysis of several shigella strains revealed that they harbor only nonfunctional clya gene copies that have been inactivated either by the integration of insertion sequence (is) elements (shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei strains) or by a frameshift mutation (shigella flexneri). shigella dysenteriae and ... | 2008 | 18754791 |
| the relationship between genetics and environment in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. | major developments have taken place to further our understanding of the relationship between genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of rheumatic disorders. the association between hla markers and human disease is becoming clearer. for instance, hla-drw4 frequently occurs in patients with rheumatoid disease, and penicillamine and gold toxicity are seen most often in patients with hla-drw2 or drw3. antisera to b alloantigens help define the genetic differences between systemic lupus eryt ... | 1979 | 18748470 |
| an outbreak of shigella newcastle dysentery. | 1944 | 18746833 | |
| resistance to fluoroquinolones by the combination of target site mutations and enhanced expression of genes for efflux pumps in shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains isolated in korea. | among 5938 clinical shigella spp. isolates, two s. flexneri strains were isolated as those resistant to fluoroquinolones based on the mics of the following antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin. s. flexneri 021787 had three substitutions, one in gyra (ser83leu) and two in parc (ser80ile and arg91gln). s. flexneri 021895 had four substitutions, two in gyra (ser83leu and asp87gly) and two in parc (ser80ile and arg91gln). the increased susceptibility of s ... | 2008 | 18727800 |
| role of nleh, a type iii secreted effector from attaching and effacing pathogens, in colonization of the bovine, ovine, and murine gut. | the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 colonizes human and animal gut via formation of attaching and effacing lesions. ehec strains use a type iii secretion system to translocate a battery of effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, and innate immunity. the genomes of sequenced ehec o157:h7 strains contain two copies of the effector protein gene nleh, which share 49 ... | 2008 | 18725419 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against foodborne bacterial strains. | the antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from edible wild and cultivated mushrooms against nine foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus) was screened with a disk diffusion assay. twenty-nine of the 48 species tested had antimicrobial activity. meth ... | 2008 | 18724768 |
| factors associated with acute diarrhoea in children in dhahira, oman: a hospital-based study. | to elucidate the bacterial etiology of childhood diarrhoea in dhahira, 856 children < 12 years admitted for diarrhoea to ibri regional referral hospital from 2000 to 2002 were studied. the mean age was 2.4 (sd 2.3) years; the majority (92.9%) were < 5 years. bacterial etiology was found in 15.2% of cases; 10.6% due to shigella and 2.1% to salmonella. sh. sonnei was the commonest shigella serogroup isolated. salmonella infection was significantly associated with cramps, while shigella infection w ... | 2008 | 18720621 |
| a potential plasmid-curing agent, 8-epidiosbulbin e acetate, from dioscorea bulbifera l. against multidrug-resistant bacteria. | bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous methanolic extract of dioscorea bulbifera l. bulbs was performed using organic solvents. a novel plasmid-curing compound was identified as 8-epidiosbulbin e acetate (eea) (norditerpene) on the basis of modern spectroscopic analysis and x-ray crystallography. eea exhibited broad-spectrum plasmid-curing activity against multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. eea cured antibiotic resistance plasmids (r-plasmids) fr ... | 2008 | 18718743 |
| all blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic e. coli that produces one or more shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid po157. the bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of e. col ... | 2008 | 18716441 |
| methods and tools for comparative genomics of foodborne pathogens. | a comparison of genome sequences and of encoded proteins with the database of existing annotated sequences is a useful approach to understand the information at the genome level. here we demonstrate the utility of several dna and protein sequence comparison tools to interpret the information obtained from several genome projects. comparisons are presented between closely related strains of escherichia coli commensal isolates, different isolates of o157:h7, and shigella spp. it is expected that c ... | 2008 | 18713064 |
| acanthamoeba castellanii an environmental host for shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei. | the interaction between shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei and acanthamoeba castellanii was studied by viable counts, gentamicin assay and electron microscopy. the result showed that shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei grew and survived in the presence of amoebae for more than 3 weeks. gentamicin assay showed that the shigella were viable inside the acanthamoeba castellanii which was confirmed by electron microscopy that showed the shigella localized in the cytoplasm of the acanthamoeba ... | 2009 | 18712360 |
| invitro antibacterial activity of crude preparation of myrtle (myrtus communis) on common human pathogens. | myrtle "addus" (myrtus communis) has long history as a traditional medicine/or different infectious disease by many peoples of the world and in ethiopia too. | 2008 | 18711991 |
| epidemiology of highly endemic multiply antibiotic-resistant shigellosis in children in the peruvian amazon. | our goal was to estimate the impact of a shigella vaccine in an area where shigellosis is endemic by characterizing the disease burden and antibiotic-resistance profiles of isolates and by determining the prevalence of shigella flexneri serotypes. | 2008 | 18710884 |
| use of flow cytometry in an apoptosis assay to determine ph and temperature stability of shiga-like toxin 1. | shiga toxins and shiga-like toxins (stx) are a relatively large group of cytotoxins produced by certain serotypes of shigella and e. coli (stec). these toxins are responsible for diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and may induce hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) with serious consequences in young children. the toxins are proteins made up of 5 small b subunits responsible for binding to an outer membrane ligand on host cells and surround the larger, biologically active a subunit. for shiga-like toxin 1 ... | 2008 | 18710788 |
| structural and functional characterization of human iba proteins. | iba2 is a homolog of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (iba1), a 17-kda protein that binds and cross-links filamentous actin (f-actin) and localizes to membrane ruffles and phagocytic cups. here, we present the crystal structure of human iba2 and its homodimerization properties, f-actin cross-linking activity, cellular localization and recruitment upon bacterial invasion in comparison with iba1. the iba2 structure comprises two central ef-hand motifs lacking bound ca2+. iba2 crystallize ... | 2008 | 18699778 |
| identification and functional characterization of gene components of type vi secretion system in bacterial genomes. | a new secretion system, called the type vi secretion system (t6ss), was recently reported in vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia mallei. a total of 18 genes have been identified to be belonging to this secretion system in v. cholerae. here we attempt to identify presence of t6ss in other bacterial genomes. this includes identification of orthologous sequences, conserved motifs, domains, families, 3d folds, genomic islands containing t6ss components, phylogenetic profiles and ... | 2008 | 18698408 |
| epidemiological evidence of multidrug-resistant shigella sonnei colonization in india by sentinel surveillance in a japanese quarantine station. | we applied a previously reported method to clarify whether a multidrug-resistant shigella colonizes in a south asian country. at kansai airport quarantine station, stool samples were collected from overseas travelers who reported a history of diarrhea. shigella strains were isolated, ranging from 53 to 106 (average, 82.4) isolates/year (2001-2005), and almost 80% of the isolates were shigella sonnei. the most frequent country of origin was india. strains from the country of the most frequent ori ... | 2008 | 18697484 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria: 41. structures of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae types 4 and 5 revised by nmr spectroscopy]. | the earlier established structures of the acidic o-specific polysaccharides from two typical strains of the shigella dysenteriae bacterium were revised using modern nmr spectroscopy techniques. in particular, the configurations of the glycosidic linkages of glcnac (s. dysenteriae type 4) and mannose (s. dysenteriae type 5) residues were corrected. in addition, the location of the sites of nonstoichiometric o-acetylation in s. dysenteriae type 4 was determined: the lateral fucose residue was show ... | 2008 | 18695724 |
| liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization of escherichia coli and shigella species. | liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (lc/qtof ms) utilizing electrospray ionization was employed to monitor protein expression in escherichia coli and shigella organisms. comparison with maldi/tof-ms revealed more proteins, particularly above 15 kda. a combination of automated charge state deconvolution, spectral mirroring, and spectral subtraction was used to reveal subtle differences in the lc/ms data. reproducible intact protein biomarker candidates were discovere ... | 2008 | 18692404 |
| bacterial biosensors for rapid and effective monitoring of biodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater effluents. | significant amounts of toxic substances which are hazardous to animals, plants, microorganisms, and other living organisms including humans are released annually into aquatic and terrestrial environments, mostly from improper wastewater discharges. early detection of such pollutants in wastewater effluents and proper monitoring before their final release into the environment is therefore necessary. in this study, two whole-cell bacterial biosensors were constructed by transforming competent cell ... | 2008 | 18688458 |
| macrolide-resistant shigella sonnei. | shigella sonnei ucn59, isolated during an outbreak of s. sonnei in january 2007, was resistant to azithromycin (mic 64 mg/l). the isolate contained a plasmid-borne mph(a) gene encoding a macrolide 2 -phosphotransferase that inactivates macrolides. emergence of the mph(a) gene in s. sonnei may limit usefulness of azithromycin for treatment of shigellosis. | 2008 | 18680661 |
| vaccination against shigellosis: is it the path that is difficult or is it the difficult that is the path? | following several decades of research, there is not yet a convincing vaccine against shigellosis. it is still difficult, in spite of the breadth of strategies (i.e. live attenuated oral, killed oral, subunit parenteral) to select an optimal option. two approaches are clearly emerging: (i) live attenuated deletion mutants based on rational selection of genes that are key in the pathogenic process, and (ii) conjugated detoxified polysaccharide parenteral vaccines, or more recently conjugated synth ... | 2008 | 18672087 |
| variable length tandem repeat polyglutamine sequences in the flexible tether region of the tsr chemotaxis receptor of escherichia coli. | methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps) are receptors that play an important role in bacterial chemotaxis. methylation of tsr, the mcp that mediates chemotaxis towards serine in escherichia coli, is thought to be facilitated by binding of the methyltransferase to a flexible tether region at the c-terminal end of tsr. this study analysed natural length variants of the tether that occur in e. coli due to genetic instability in tandem repeat dna sequences that code for glutaminyl (q) residues, ... | 2008 | 18667570 |
| antimicrobial activity of broth fermented with kefir grains. | kefir grains originate from the caucasus region and are used for preparing beverages using sugar solution, milk, and fruit juice. as long as they are formed by a microbial consortium useful in the intestine, the produced drinks can be called probiotics. the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity during kefir fermentation in sugar broth. fermentations with three kinds of carbohydrates (molasses, demerara sugar, and brown sugar) as carbon source were carried out. brown sugar ... | 2009 | 18663417 |
| use of mchi encoding immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin h47 as a plasmid selection marker in attenuated bacterial live vectors. | live attenuated bacterial strains expressing heterologous antigens represent an attractive vaccine development strategy. however, the use of drug resistance genes for the selection of expression plasmids introduced into live vectors poses theoretical health risks. therefore, we developed a novel approach for plasmid selection based on immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin h47 (mcch47). two expression plasmids encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (gfpuv) were constructed; sele ... | 2008 | 18663003 |
| characterization of soluble complexes of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system atpase. | the conserved atpase of type iii secretion systems is critical to the export of substrates through the apparatus. we present a characterization of the native t3ss atpase, spa47, from the cytoplasm of shigella flexneri, demonstrating it to be in two distinct high-molecular-weight complexes with spa33: mxin and mxik. | 2008 | 18657109 |
| the c-terminus of ipac is required for effector activities related to shigella invasion of host cells. | invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) is secreted by the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system (ttss) as an essential trigger of epithelial cell invasion. at the molecular level, ipac possesses a distinct functional organization. the ipac c-terminal region between amino acids 319 and 345 is predicted to form a coiled-coil structure. such alpha-helical motifs appear to be a recurring structural theme among ttss components. together with ipab, this ipac region is also required for the formation ... | 2008 | 18656530 |
| simultaneous detection of six human diarrheal pathogens by using dna microarray combined with tyramide signal amplification. | multiplex pcr and dna microarray were combined with tyramide signal amplification (tsa) to develop a reliable method suitable for simultaneous detection of six species of human diarrheal pathogens (yersinia enterocolitica, shigella spp, salmonella typhi, brucella spp, vibrio cholera and escherichia coli o157:h7). meanwhile, our method could distinguish v. cholera serotype o1 from o139, and o157:h7 from o157: non-h7. this assay conferred a specificity of 100% for target pathogens. the limit of de ... | 2008 | 18655810 |
| antimicrobial resistance in shigella species isolated in dakar, senegal (2004-2006). | from may 2004 to october 2006, a prospective study was carried out in dakar, senegal, to update information about the antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from stool specimens. among the 165 non-duplicate strains collected, 81 (49%) were identified as shigella flexneri, 75 (45%) as shigella sonnei, 5 (3%) as shigella boydii, and 4 (2%) as shigella dysenteriae. disk diffusion testing revealed that the majority of isolates were resistant to sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethox ... | 2008 | 18653976 |
| acute diarrhea due to enteropathogenic bacteria in patients at hospitals in tehran. | during a study examining causes of diarrhea from may 2004 to may 2005, 808 stool specimens were collected from patients with acute diarrhea in tehran. fecal samples were cultured and identified according to the standard biochemical methods. molecular identification of enteropathogens was carried out by amplification of their virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. a total of 369 (45.6%) bacterial pathogens were recovered from 808 patients as follows: shigella spp., 155 (45.6%); diarrheagen ... | 2008 | 18653967 |
| the interplay between entamoeba and enteropathogenic bacteria modulates epithelial cell damage. | mixed intestinal infections with entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and bacteria with exacerbated manifestations of disease are common in regions where amoebiasis is endemic. however, amoeba-bacteria interactions remain largely unexamined. | 2008 | 18648517 |
| mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts exhibited potent antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects. | the crude extract and the hexane, ch(2)cl(2), etoac, n-buoh, and hydromethanolic fractions of the aerial parts of mitracarpus frigidus were evaluated against promastigote forms of two species of leishmania (l. chagasi and l. amazonensis), 11 strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica sorovar tythimurium, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae, streptococcus pyogenes and ... | 2009 | 18644325 |
| crystal structure of a glutamate/aspartate binding protein complexed with a glutamate molecule: structural basis of ligand specificity at atomic resolution. | the crystal structure of a periplasmic l-aspartate/l-glutamate binding protein (debp) from shigella flexneri complexed with an l-glutamate molecule has been determined and refined to an atomic resolution of 1.0 a. there are two debp molecules in the asymmetric unit. the refined model contains 4462 non-hydrogen protein atoms, 730 water molecules, 2 bound glutamate molecules, and 2 tris molecules from the buffer used in crystallization. the final r(cryst) and r(free) factors are 13.61% and 16.89%, ... | 2008 | 18640128 |
| [investigation on species composition of cockroaches and bacteria-carrying on their bodies in five cities of hainan]. | "za-type" cages were used to capture cockroaches in 267 sites of 5 cities in hainan. species were identified and bacteria were isolated by routine method. 441 cockroaches were collected and identified as five species belonging to two genera, 75.3% being periplaneta americana. more cockroaches were found in sewerage. bacteria were detected from 82.4% of cockroaches, including escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp, staphylococcus aureus, shigella sp, bacillus proteus and sort of ... | 2008 | 18637594 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children admitted to a rural district hospital in kenya. | we studied children admitted to kilifi district hospital, kenya, between 1997 and 2005 with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and reviewed their records in order to determine the clinical features and outcomes of the disease. thirty-one children fulfilled the criteria: 21 (68%) had diarrhoea-associated hus (d + hus), the remainder did not (d-hus); five had involvement of the central nervous system. those with d-hus had lower haemoglobin and platelet counts when compared with those with d + hus. ... | 2008 | 18628547 |
| a single-tube screen for salmonella and shigella. | salmonella and shigella species are routinely sought in stool specimens submitted for culture. it is a common practice to screen lactose-negative colonies by using triple sugar iron agar, lysine iron agar, and christensen urea agar to determine if further identification is necessary. we designed and evaluated a novel combination of media, which are layered in a single tube, for screening isolates suspected to possibly represent salmonella or shigella. we tested this media combination with 106 sa ... | 2008 | 18628099 |
| is irritable bowel syndrome an inflammatory disorder? | histopathologic data demonstrate low-grade mucosal inflammation in a subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). this inflammatory infiltrate is mainly represented by increased numbers of t lymphocytes and mast cells lying in the lamina propria. the close apposition of immunocytes to gut nerves supplying the mucosa provides a basis for neuroimmune cross-talk, which may explain gut sensorimotor dysfunction and related symptoms in patients with ibs. a previous gastroenteritis (due to c ... | 2008 | 18627650 |
| overview of the inactivation by 254 nm ultraviolet radiation of bacteria with particular relevance to biodefense. | our goal was to ultimately predict the sensitivity of untested bacteria (including those of biodefense interest) to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. in this study, we present an overview and analysis of the relevant 254 nm data previously reported and available in the literature. the amount of variability in this data prevented us from determining an "average" response for any bacterium. therefore, we developed particular selection criteria to include the data in our analysis and suggested future gui ... | 2008 | 18627518 |
| [detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria from surface waters by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr)]. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis method with universal primers was developed to detect cell densities of the enteric pathogenic bacteria from 5 surface water of xi'an city for 4 months continuously. and the detection results by qpcr method were compared with counts of coliforms colony-forming units (cfu) determined by membrane filter (mf) analysis. the results showed that qpcr method had an estimated 94% confidence, and detection limit was 2.7 escherichia coli cells ... | 2008 | 18624175 |
| first italian case of cyclosporiasis in an immunocompetent woman: local acquired infection. | cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian agent of chronic diarrhea in humans with a worldwide distribution. we report the first documented case of acquired cyclosporiasis in italy. the patient was an immunocompetent woman with no recent history of travel outside the country. microscopy detected cyclospora oocysts in a feces sample. pcr detected the pathogen in a second sample, which had tested negative by microscopy. the patient was investigated to detect other microorganisms in feces, such as sal ... | 2008 | 18623995 |
| structures of synthetic o-antigen fragments from serotype 2a shigella flexneri in complex with a protective monoclonal antibody. | the anti-lps igg mab f22-4, raised against shigella flexneri serotype 2a bacteria, protects against homologous, but not heterologous, challenge in an experimental animal model. we report the crystal structures of complexes formed between fab f22-4 and two synthetic oligosaccharides, a decasaccharide and a pentadecasaccharide that were previously shown to be both immunogenic and antigenic mimics of the s. flexneri serotype 2a o-antigen. f22-4 binds to an epitope contained within two consecutive 2 ... | 2008 | 18621718 |
| functional characterization of the shigella dysenteriae heme abc transporter. | the heme atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, shuuv, of shigella dysenteriae has been incorporated into proteoliposomes. functional characterization of shuuv revealed that atp hydrolysis and transport of heme from the periplasmic binding protein, shut, to the cytoplasmic binding protein, shus, are coupled. site-directed mutagenesis of shut residues proposed to be required for stabilization of the complex abolished heme transport. furthermore, residues his-252 and his-262, located in the trans ... | 2008 | 18616281 |
| microcalorimetric studies of the action on four organic acids in radix isatidis on the growth of microorganisms. | the actions of four organic acids in radix isatidis, a traditional chinese medicinal (tcm) herb, on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. the four organic acids were syringic acid, 2-amino-benzoic acid, salicylic acid and benzoic acid. the power-time curves of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth with and without organic acids were acquired, meanwhile the extent and duration of inhibitory ... | 2008 | 18616177 |