Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in acute respiratory infections.the role of bacteria in acute respiratory illnesses (ari) of adults and interactions with viral infections is incompletely understood. this study tested the hypothesis that bacterial co-infection during ari adds to airway inflammation and illness severity.201324211414
draft genome sequence of psychrobacter aquaticus strain cms 56t, isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected from water bodies in the mcmurdo dry valley region of antarctica.we report the 3.2-mb draft genome sequence of psychrobacter aquaticus strain cms 56(t), isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected from a water body in the mcmurdo dry valley region of antarctica.201324201199
acanthamoeba, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: a comparison of risk factors and clinical features.to determine risk factors and clinical signs that may differentiate between bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba keratitis among patients presenting with presumed infectious keratitis.201324200232
acanthamoeba, fungal, and bacterial keratitis: a comparison of risk factors and clinical features.to determine risk factors and clinical signs that may differentiate between bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba keratitis among patients presenting with presumed infectious keratitis.201324200232
bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death.to evaluate the frequency of bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death (cadaver eyes) which will give information about the bacterial contamination of donor eyes, and the in-vitro sensitivity of isolated bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmic practice.201324195038
activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide against gram-negative bacteria.the activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide was tested against 250 gram-negative clinical isolates, that is, 50 isolates each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined by using a serial broth microdilution technique according to din 58940. time-kill studies were performed for reference stains e. coli atcc 25922, k. pn ...201424192397
postarthroscopic infection in the knee following medical or dental procedures.knee infection is a relatively rare complication after arthroscopic knee surgery (babcok et al., 2002), with reported incidences ranging from 0.1% to 3.4% (babcok et al., 2002 and bert et al., 2007). although postoperative dental and surgical procedures were formerly considered a risk factor for infection in arthroplasty patients, the american dental association (ada) and academy of orthopaedic surgery (aaos) no longer recommend prophylactic antibiotics for patients with prosthetic joints and do ...201324191214
meta-analysis of the adverse effects of long-term azithromycin use in patients with chronic lung diseases.the adverse effects of azithromycin on the treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases (cld) were evaluated in the present study. medline and other databases were searched for relevant articles published until august 2013. randomized controlled trials that enrolled patients with chronic lung diseases who received long-term azithromycin treatment were selected, and data on microbiological studies and azithromycin-related adverse events were abstracted from articles and analyzed. six studies ...201424189261
maternal administration of solithromycin, a new, potent, broad-spectrum fluoroketolide antibiotic, achieves fetal and intra-amniotic antimicrobial protection in a pregnant sheep model.solithromycin (cem-101) is a new antibiotic that is highly potent against ureaplasma and mycoplasma spp. and active against many other antibiotic-resistant organisms. we have explored the maternal-amniotic-fetal pharmacokinetics of cem-101 in a pregnant sheep model to assess its potential for treating intrauterine and antenatal infection. chronically catheterized pregnant ewes (n = 6 or 7) received either a single maternal intravenous (i.v.) infusion of cem-101 (10 mg/kg of body weight), a singl ...201424189250
penetration of gsk1322322 into epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage.gsk1322322 is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo activity against multidrug-resistant skin and respiratory pathogens. this report provides plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gsk1322322 after repeat (twice daily intravenous dosing for 4 days) dosing at 1,500 mg. plasma samples were collected over the last 12-hour dosing interval of repeat dosing following the day 4 morning dose (the last dose). bronchoalveolar lavage samples were ...201424189245
microbiological profile of adenoid hypertrophy correlates to clinical diagnosis in children.adenoid hypertrophy is a common condition in childhood, which may be associated with recurring acute otitis media (raom), otitis media with effusion (ome), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osas). these different clinical characteristics have some clinical overlap; however, they might be explained by distinct immunologic and infectious profiles and result in various histopathologic findings of adenoid specimens.201324175295
[antibacterial activity for clinical isolates from pediatric patients of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1: 14) -outcomes of special drug use investigation on antibacterial activity (annual changes)].as a special drug use investigation, we monitored and assessed trends in antibacterial activity of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1:14) (hereafter, "cva/ampc (1:14)") and other antimicrobial agents for clinical isolates from pediatric patients with otitis media or respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections. against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis isolated and identified from otorrhea, epipharynx and rhinorrhea of pediatric patients with otitis media, th ...201324167843
recognition of extracellular bacteria by nlrs and its role in the development of adaptive immunity.innate immune recognition of bacteria is the first requirement for mounting an effective immune response able to control infection. over the previous decade, the general paradigm was that extracellular bacteria were only sensed by cell surface-expressed toll-like receptors (tlrs), whereas cytoplasmic sensors, including members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family, were specific to pathogens capable of breaching the host cell membrane. it has become apparent, however, that intracellular innate i ...201324155747
conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment.conjunctivitis is a common problem.201324150468
on the essentiality of lipopolysaccharide to gram-negative bacteria.lipopolysaccharide is a highly acylated saccharolipid located on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. lipopolysaccharide is critical to maintaining the barrier function preventing the passive diffusion of hydrophobic solutes such as antibiotics and detergents into the cell. lipopolysaccharide has been considered an essential component for outer membrane biogenesis and cell viability based on pioneering studies in the model gram-negative organisms escherichia coli an ...201324148302
moraxella catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase that impacts adherence to human epithelial cells.the major phospholipid constituents of moraxella catarrhalis membranes are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin (cl). however, very little is known regarding the synthesis and function of these phospholipids in m. catarrhalis. in this study, we discovered that m. catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase (cls), termed mcls, that is responsible for the synthesis of cl within the bacterium. the nucleotide sequence of mcls is highly conserved among m. catarrhalis isola ...201424142255
risk of repeated moraxella catarrhalis colonization is increased in children with toll-like receptor 4 asp299gly polymorphism.moraxella catarrhalis is a common causative agent of acute otitis media and other respiratory infections in children. toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 is an important protein of human innate immunity. one polymorphic site asp299gly of tlr4 is proven to result in an impaired response to lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. we investigated whether finnish children who carry asp299gly had increased risk of m. catarrhalis colonization during their first 2 years of life.201324141797
interrelationship of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus colonization within and between pneumococcal-vaccine naïve mother-child dyads.a high prevalence of bacterial nasopharyngeal co-infections has been reported in children, however, such data is limited in adults. we examined the interaction of haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae pharyngeal colonization in mother-child dyads.201324134472
otitis media: diagnosis and treatment.acute otitis media is diagnosed in patients with acute onset, presence of middle ear effusion, physical evidence of middle ear inflammation, and symptoms such as pain, irritability, or fever. acute otitis media is usually a complication of eustachian tube dysfunction that occurs during a viral upper respiratory tract infection. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common organisms isolated from middle ear fluid. management of acute otitis media ...201324134083
characterization of a novel zinc transporter znua acquired by vibrio parahaemolyticus through horizontal gene transfer.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a clinically important foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide. it has been shown that horizontal gene transfer (hgt) contributes significantly to virulence development of v. parahaemolyticus. in this study, we identified a novel znua homolog (vpa1307) that belongs to a novel subfamily of znua, a bacterial zinc transporter. the vpa1307 gene is located upstream of the v. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (vp-pais) in both tdh-positive and trh- ...201324133656
proteinaceous determinants of surface colonization in bacteria: bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from a protein secretion perspective.bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. broadly speaking, a biofilm is defined as the sessile development of microbial cells. biofilm formation arises following bacterial adhesion but not all single bacterial cells adhering reversibly or irreversibly engage inexorably into a sessile mode of growth. among molecular determinants promoting bacterial colonization, surface proteins a ...201324133488
prevalence and genotype distribution of pneumocystis jirovecii in cuban infants and toddlers with whooping cough.this study describes the prevalence and genotype distribution of pneumocystis jirovecii obtained from nasopharyngeal (np) swabs from immunocompetent cuban infants and toddlers with whooping cough (wc). a total of 163 np swabs from 163 young cuban children with wc who were admitted to the respiratory care units at two pediatric centers were studied. the prevalence of the organism was determined by a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay targeting the p. jirovecii mitochondrial large subunit (mtlsu) rrna ...201424131683
hemoglobin receptor protein from porphyromonas gingivalis induces interleukin-8 production in human gingival epithelial cells through stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nf-κb signal transduction pathways.periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of polymicrobial origin affecting the tissues supporting the tooth. the oral anaerobic bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis, which is implicated as an important pathogen for chronic periodontitis, triggers a series of host inflammatory responses that promote the destruction of periodontal tissues. among the virulence factors of p. gingivalis, hemoglobin receptor protein (hbr) is a major protein found in culture supernatants. in this study, we investigated t ...201424126532
bacterial profile, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections in upper egypt.lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) account for a considerable proportion of morbidity and antibiotic use. we aimed to identify the causative bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of hospitalized adult patients due to lrti in upper egypt.201324106606
dominance of haemophilus influenzae in ear discharge from indigenous australian children with acute otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation.indigenous australian children living in remote communities experience high rates of acute otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation (aomwip). otitis media in this population is associated with dense nasopharyngeal colonization of three primary otopathogens; haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. little is known about the relative abundance of these pathogens during infection. the objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and concordance of ...201324099576
fragment-to-hit-to-lead discovery of a novel pyridylurea scaffold of atp competitive dual targeting type ii topoisomerase inhibiting antibacterial agents.the discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) inhibitors binding in the atp domain are described. a fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μm) to prompt further analogue work. acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. a ...201324098982
virus-induced exacerbations in asthma and copd.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and/or airflow limitation due to pulmonary emphysema. chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchial asthma may all be associated with airflow limitation; therefore, exacerbation of asthma may be associated with the pathophysiology of copd. furthermore, recent studies have suggested that the exacerbation of asthma, namely virus-induced asthma, may be associated with a wide variety of respiratory ...201324098299
design, characterization, and aerosolization of organic solution advanced spray-dried moxifloxacin and ofloxacin dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) microparticulate/nanoparticulate powders for pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery.the aim of this study was to design and develop respirable antibiotics moxifloxacin (moxi) hydrochloride and ofloxacin (oflx) microparticles and nanoparticles, and multifunctional antibiotics particles with or without lung surfactant 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dppc) for targeted dry powder inhalation delivery as a pulmonary nanomedicine. particles were rationally designed and produced by advanced spray-drying particle engineering from an organic solution in closed mode (no wate ...201324092972
investigational antimicrobial agents of 2013.new antimicrobial agents are always needed to counteract the resistant pathogens that continue to be selected by current therapeutic regimens. this review provides a survey of known antimicrobial agents that were currently in clinical development in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. data were collected from published literature primarily from 2010 to 2012, meeting abstracts (2011 to 2012), government websites, and company websites when appropriate. compared to what was reported in previous su ...201324092856
increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis after bacterial colonization of the airways as neonates.the frequency of pneumonia and bronchiolitis exhibits considerable variation in otherwise healthy children, and suspected risk factors explain only a minor proportion of the variation. we hypothesized that alterations in the airway microbiome in early life may be associated with susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children.201324090102
comparison of the prevalence of common bacterial pathogens in the oropharynx and nasopharynx of gambian infants.crm- based pneumococcal conjugate vaccines generally have little impact on the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage because of serotype replacement. in contrast, protein vaccines could substantially reduce the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage with potential microbiological and clinical consequences. therefore, trials of pneumococcal protein vaccines need to evaluate their impact on carriage of other potentially pathogenic bacteria in addition to the pneumococcus.201324086570
a single dose of azithromycin does not improve clinical outcomes of children hospitalised with bronchiolitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.bronchiolitis, one of the most common reasons for hospitalisation in young children, is particularly problematic in indigenous children. macrolides may be beneficial in settings where children have high rates of nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and frequent prolonged illness. the aim of our double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial was to determine if a large single dose of azithromycin (compared to placebo) reduced length of stay (los), duration of oxygen (o2) and respiratory readmissio ...201324086334
genetic similarity between adenoid tissue and middle ear fluid isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from iranian children with otitis media with effusion.otitis media with effusion (ome) is a common disease among children, in the pathogenesis of which bacterial infections play a critical role. it was suggested that adenoid tissue could serve as a reservoir for bacterial infection, the eustachian tubes being the migration routes of bacteria into the middle ear cavity. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity between isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, obtained from adenoid ...201324080321
β -lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates of intensive care unit patients at national institute of neurological and allied sciences, nepal.the widespread use of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation to support the critically ill patients increases the risk of development of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia. this cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates producing extended-spectrum β -lactamase (esbl), ampc β -lactamase, and metallo- β -lactamase (mbl) from august 2011 to april 2012 at national institute of neurological and allied sciences (nina ...201324078895
primary immunodeficiency diseases at reference and high-specialty hospitals in the state of guanajuato, mexico.in general, primary immunodeficiency diseases (pids) are underdiagnosed in most countries. the objective of this study was to describe the frequency and clinical spectrum of pid in the most important tertiary hospitals in our region.201324073395
strategy for sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pestis in skeletons of the black death pandemic.yersinia pestis has been identified as the causative agent of the black death pandemic in the 14(th) century. however, retrospective diagnostics in human skeletons after more than 600 years are critical. we describe a strategy following a modern diagnostic algorithm and working under strict ancient dna regime for the identification of medieval human plague victims. an initial screening and dna quantification assay detected the y. pestis specific pla gene of the high copy number plasmid ppcp1. re ...201324069445
time to intubation is associated with outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.it has been suggested that delayed intensive care unit (icu) transfer is associated with increased mortality for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). however, icu admission policies and patient epidemiology vary widely across the world depending on local hospital practices and organizational constraints. we hypothesized that the time from the onset of cap symptoms to invasive mechanical ventilation could be a relevant prognostic factor.201324069367
binding of complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein to a highly virulent streptococcus pyogenes m1 strain is mediated by protein h and enhances adhesion to and invasion of endothelial cells.streptococcus pyogenes ap1, a strain of the highly virulent m1 serotype, uses exclusively protein h to bind the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein (c4bp). we found a strong correlation between the ability of ap1 and its isogenic mutants lacking protein h to inhibit opsonization with complement c3b and binding of c4bp. c4bp bound to immobilized protein h or ap1 bacteria retained its cofactor activity for degradation of (125)i-c4b. furthermore, c4b deposited from serum onto ap1 bacterial sur ...201324064215
functional genes to assess nitrogen cycling and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation: primers and processing matter.targeting sequencing to genes involved in key environmental processes, i.e., ecofunctional genes, provides an opportunity to sample nature's gene guilds to greater depth and help link community structure to process-level outcomes. vastly different approaches have been implemented for sequence processing and, ultimately, for taxonomic placement of these gene reads. the overall quality of next generation sequence analysis of functional genes is dependent on multiple steps and assumptions of unknow ...201324062736
infectious etiology of acute exacerbations in severe copd patients.since the new gold guidelines were implemented no data have been published about the etiology of acute exacerbations (aecopd) in severe copd patients with a different frequency of annual episodes.201324055804
modulation of bacterial pathogenesis by oppressive aging factors: insights into host-pneumococcal interaction strategies.streptococcus pneumonia, (spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and is responsible for 15-40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. a primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in ...201224049644
binding properties of treponema denticola lipooligosaccharide.the cell-surface lipooligosaccharide (los) of treponema denticola possesses several biological properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the binding properties of t. denticola los to extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins, mucosal cells, and oral bacteria.201324049558
guidelines for diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: joint ics/nccp (i) recommendations.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major public health problem in india. although several international guidelines for diagnosis and management of copd are available, yet there are lot of gaps in recognition and management of copd in india due to vast differences in availability and affordability of healthcare facilities across the country. the indian chest society (ics) and the national college of chest physicians (nccp) of india have joined hands to come out with these evidence- ...201324049265
midkine is expressed and differentially processed during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and ventilator-associated pneumonia associated with staphylococcus aureus infection.staphylococcus aureus is sometimes isolated from the airways during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but more commonly recognized as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). antimicrobial proteins, among them midkine (mk), are an important part of innate immunity in the airways. in this study, the levels and possible processing of mk in relation to s. aureus infection of the airways were investigated, comparing copd and vap, thus comparing a state of d ...201324043271
hypoxic hepatitis and acute liver failure in a patient with newly onset atrial fibrillation and diltiazem infusion.hypoxic hepatitis (hh) most commonly results from haemodynamic instability and disruption of hepatic flow. the vast majority of cases are caused by cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock. we report a case of hh, acute liver failure, acute kidney failure and progressive thrombocytopenia that developed following a hypotensive episode in a patient treated with intravenous diltiazem for a newly developed atrial fibrillation (a-fib). the pre-existing liver diseases, including chronic a ...201324042208
biological evaluation of benzothiazole ethyl urea inhibitors of bacterial type ii topoisomerases.the type ii topoisomerases dna gyrase (gyra/gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (parc/pare) are well-validated targets for antibacterial drug discovery. because of their structural and functional homology, these enzymes are amenable to dual targeting by a single ligand. in this study, two novel benzothiazole ethyl urea-based small molecules, designated compound a and compound b, were evaluated for their biochemical, antibacterial, and pharmacokinetic properties. the two compounds inhibited the atpase act ...201324041906
metabolic markers and microecological characteristics of tongue coating in patients with chronic gastritis.in traditional chinese medicine (tcm), tongue diagnosis has been an important diagnostic method for the last 3000 years. tongue diagnosis is a non-invasive, simple and valuable diagnostic tool. tcm treats the tongue coating on a very sensitive scale that reflects physiological and pathological changes in the organs, especially the spleen and stomach. tongue coating can diagnose disease severity and determine the tcm syndrome ("zheng" in chinese). the biological bases of different tongue coating ...201324041039
evaluation of truncated nhha protein as a candidate meningococcal vaccine antigen.nhha (neisseria hia homologue) is an outer membrane protein from neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease. the protein is surface exposed and its expression in a wide range of meningococcal strains suggests it is a promising vaccine candidate. in addition, immunization of mice with outer membrane vesicles of strains that overexpress nhha in conjunction with one of tbpa, omp85 or nspa results in synergistic bactericidal responses. we previously showed that the nhha seq ...201324039731
cardiovascular risk, myocardial injury, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have elevated cardiovascular risk, and myocardial injury is common during severe exacerbations. little is known about the prevalence, magnitude, and underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular risk in community-treated exacerbations.201324033321
inhibition of otopathogenic biofilms by organoselenium-coated tympanostomy tubes.tube occlusion and post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea (ptto) are 2 major sequelae of tympanostomy tube placement. plugging negates the function of the tympanostomy tubes and, along with chronic ptto, can be financially burdensome owing to repeated surgical procedures and additional treatments.201324030785
incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural thailand.pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies.201424030346
nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation in hiv-positive children in cambodia.to determine patterns of nasopharyngeal colonisation in hiv-positive children.201324016033
structure-based gene targeting discovery of sphaerimicin, a bacterial translocase i inhibitor.rise and shine: using a gene-targeting approach aimed at identifying potential l-threonine:uridine-5'-transaldolases that catalyze the formation of (5's,6's)-c-glycyluridine, a new bacterial translocase i inhibitor was discovered from an actinomycete following fermentation optimization.201324014169
does a 10-valent pneumococcal-haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine prevent respiratory exacerbations in children with recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis, chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis (pbb), chronic suppurative lung disease (csld) and bronchiectasis are characterised by a chronic wet cough and are important causes of childhood respiratory morbidity globally. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae are the most commonly associated pathogens. as respiratory exacerbations impair quality of life and may be associated with disease progression, we will determine if the novel 10-valent pneumococcal-haemophilus influenzae protein ...201324010917
innate immunity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mini-review.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), a major smoking-associated lung disorder characterized by progressive irreversible airflow limitation, affects >200 million people worldwide. individuals with copd have increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, resulting in exacerbations of the disease. a growing body of evidence indicates that multiple host defense mechanisms, such as those provided by the airway epithelial barrier and innate immune cells, including alveolar macrophages, n ...201324008598
where does neisseria acquire foreign dna from: an examination of the source of genomic and pathogenic islands and the evolution of the neisseria genus.pathogenicity islands (pais) or genomic islands (geis) are considered to be the result of a recent horizontal transfer. detecting pais/geis as well as their putative source can provide insight into the organism's pathogenicity within its host. previously we introduced a tool called s-plot which provides a visual representation of the variation in compositional properties across and between genomic sequences. utilizing s-plot and new functionality developed here, we examined 18 publicly available ...201324007216
new antibiotics for bad bugs: where are we?bacterial resistance to antibiotics is growing up day by day in both community and hospital setting, with a significant impact on the mortality and morbidity rates and the financial burden that is associated. in the last two decades multi drug resistant microorganisms (both hospital- and community-acquired) challenged the scientific groups into developing new antimicrobial compounds that can provide safety in use according to the new regulation, good efficacy patterns, and low resistance profile ...201323984642
effectiveness of 7.5 percent povidone iodine in comparison to 1 percent clotrimazole with lignocaine in the treatment of otomycosis.objectives. otomycosis is a common ent disease frequenting the tropics. its recurrent nature poses a great challenge to the treating physician. in spite of a number of antifungals in the market, the frequent nature of this disease warrants repeated use of these drugs, contributing to drug resistance and financial burden on the rural population. our primary aims were to evaluate the effectiveness of povidone iodine in the treatment of otomycosis and to identify the most common fungal isolate in o ...201323984100
in vitro activity of ceftaroline-avibactam against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens isolated from patients in canadian hospitals from 2010 to 2012: results from the canward surveillance study.the in vitro activities of ceftaroline-avibactam, ceftaroline, and comparative agents were determined for a collection of bacterial pathogens frequently isolated from patients seeking care at 15 canadian hospitals from january 2010 to december 2012. in total, 9,758 isolates were tested by using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution method (document m07-a9, 2012), with mics interpreted by using clsi breakpoints (document m100-s23, 2013). ceftaroline-avibactam ...201323979759
antibacterial activity of eravacycline (tp-434), a novel fluorocycline, against hospital and community pathogens.eravacycline (tp-434 or 7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline) is a novel fluorocycline that was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against panels of recently isolated aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. eravacycline showed potent broad-spectrum activity against 90% of the isolates (mic90) in each panel at concentrations ranging from ≤0.008 to 2 μg/ml for all species panels except those of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cenocepacia ...201323979750
[analysis of bacterial culture and cytology in nasal smear of japanese ceder pollinosis in pre-season and in season].previously, we reported that nasal symptom appeared in some patients of japanese cedar pollinosis (jcp) before season. over than 50% of them had neutrophils (no eosinophil) in their nasal smear (less than 10%; eosinophils), and staphylococcus aureus or epidermis by culture were detected in more than 90% of them. we thought the attack caused from rhinitis by staphylococcus.201323969881
application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of the fastidious pediatric pathogens aggregatibacter, eikenella, haemophilus, and kingella.the accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in the identification of haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, and kingella (hacek) species was compared to that of phenotypic methods (remel rapid and vitek 2). overall, vitek ms correctly identified more isolates, incorrectly identified fewer isolates, and failed to identify fewer isolates than both phenotypic methods.201323966506
value of microbiology study in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.evaluation of the effect of different microorganisms on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) tightness and whether probing or silastic intubation is likely to fail in a particular microorganism infection.201223960996
incidence and microbiological profile of mycotic keratitis in a tertiary care eye hospital: a retrospective analysis.to determine the incidence and microbiological profile of mycotic keratitis seen at a tertiary care eye hospital.201123960995
incidence and microbiological profile of mycotic keratitis in a tertiary care eye hospital: a retrospective analysis.to determine the incidence and microbiological profile of mycotic keratitis seen at a tertiary care eye hospital.201123960995
fosfomycin and tobramycin in combination downregulate nitrate reductase genes narg and narh, resulting in increased activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa under anaerobic conditions.the activity of aminoglycosides, which are used to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, is reduced under the anaerobic conditions that reflect the cf lung in vivo. in contrast, a 4:1 (wt/wt) combination of fosfomycin and tobramycin (f:t), which is under investigation for use in the treatment of cf lung infection, has increased activity against p. aeruginosa under anaerobic conditions. the aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ...201323959314
the target cohort study protocol: a prospective primary care cohort study to derive and validate a clinical prediction rule to improve the targeting of antibiotics in children with respiratory tract illnesses.children with respiratory tract infections are the single most frequent patient group to make use of primary care health care resources. the use of antibiotics remains highly prevalent in young children, but can lead to antimicrobial resistance as well as reinforcing the idea that parents should re-consult for similar symptoms. one of the main drivers of indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the lack of evidence for, and therefore uncertainty regarding, which children are at risk of poor outcome. ...201323958109
evaluation of yield of currently available diagnostics by sample type to optimize detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with a community-acquired pneumonia.for the detection of respiratory pathogens, the sampling strategy may influence the diagnostic yield. ideally, samples from the lower respiratory tract are collected, but they are difficult to obtain.201323957707
evaluation of yield of currently available diagnostics by sample type to optimize detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with a community-acquired pneumonia.for the detection of respiratory pathogens, the sampling strategy may influence the diagnostic yield. ideally, samples from the lower respiratory tract are collected, but they are difficult to obtain.201323957707
inflammation and immune response in copd: where do we stand?increasing evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory and immune responses play key roles in the development and progression of copd. recent data provide evidence for a role in the nlrp3 inflammasome in the airway inflammation observed in copd. cigarette smoke activates innate immune cells by triggering pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to release "danger signal". these signals act as ligands to toll-like receptors (tlrs), triggering the production of cytokines and inducing innate inflammat ...201323956502
mechanisms and impact of the frequent exacerbator phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are important events that carry significant consequences for patients. some patients experience frequent exacerbations, and are now recognized as a distinct clinical subgroup, the 'frequent exacerbator' phenotype. this is relatively stable over time, occurs across disease severity, and is associated with poorer health outcomes. these patients are therefore a priority for research and treatment. the pathophysiology underlying the frequ ...201323945277
carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules are co-expressed in the human lung and their expression can be modulated in bronchial epithelial cells by non-typable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, tlr3, and type i and ii interferons.the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules ceacam1 (bgp, cd66a), ceacam5 (cea, cd66e) and ceacam6 (nca, cd66c) are expressed in human lung. they play a role in innate and adaptive immunity and are targets for various bacterial and viral adhesins. two pathogens that colonize the normally sterile lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are non-typable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis. both pathogens bind t ...201323941132
longitudinal nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance of respiratory bacteria in indigenous australian and alaska native children with bronchiectasis.indigenous children in australia and alaska have very high rates of chronic suppurative lung disease (csld)/bronchiectasis. antibiotics, including frequent or long-term azithromycin in australia and short-term beta-lactam therapy in both countries, are often prescribed to treat these patients. in the bronchiectasis observational study we examined over several years the nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance of respiratory bacteria in these two pcv7-vaccinated populations.201323940582
croup in children. 201323939212
prediction of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in patients with non-nosocomial pneumonia.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is recognized as an important cause of not only hospital acquired pneumonia, but also non-nosocomial pneumonia. however, the risk factors for non-nosocomial mrsa pneumonia are not clearly defined. our objective was to identify risk factors at admission that were associated with non-nosocomial mrsa pneumonia.201323937553
association between ocular bacterial carriage and follicular trachoma following mass azithromycin distribution in the gambia.trachoma, caused by ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection, is the leading infectious cause of blindness, but its prevalence is now falling in many countries. as the prevalence falls, an increasing proportion of individuals with clinical signs of follicular trachoma (tf) is not infected with c. trachomatis. a recent study in tanzania suggested that other bacteria may play a role in the persistence of these clinical signs.201323936573
characterization of the molecular interplay between moraxella catarrhalis and human respiratory tract epithelial cells.moraxella catarrhalis is a mucosal pathogen that causes childhood otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. during the course of infection, m. catarrhalis needs to adhere to epithelial cells of different host niches such as the nasopharynx and lungs, and consequently, efficient adhesion to epithelial cells is considered an important virulence trait of m. catarrhalis. by using tn-seq, a genome-wide negative selection screenings technology, we identified 15 ...201323936538
causal inference regarding infectious aetiology of chronic conditions: a systematic review.the global burden of disease has shifted from communicable diseases in children to chronic diseases in adults. this epidemiologic shift varies greatly by region, but in europe, chronic conditions account for 86% of all deaths, 77% of the disease burden, and up to 80% of health care expenditures. a number of risk factors have been implicated in chronic diseases, such as exposure to infectious agents. a number of associations have been well established while others remain uncertain.201323935899
molecular mechanisms of moraxella catarrhalis-induced otitis media.moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium, exclusively present in humans and a leading causative agent of otitis media (om) in children. most children (80 %) experience at least one episode of om by their third birthday and half suffer multiple episodes of infection. over the last 10 years, increased evidence suggests that m. cat possesses multiple virulence factors which can be carried through biologically active outer membrane vesicles (omvs) that are themselves able to activate host- ...201323934577
complement-mediated opsonization of invasive group a streptococcus pyogenes strain ap53 is regulated by the bacterial two-component cluster of virulence responder/sensor (covrs) system.group a streptococcus pyogenes (gas) strain ap53 is a primary isolate from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. these ap53 cells contain an inactivating mutation in the sensor component of the cluster of virulence (cov) responder (r)/sensor (s) two-component gene regulatory system (covrs), which enhances the virulence of the primary strain, ap53/covr(+)s(-). however, specific mechanisms by which the covrs system regulates the survival of gas in humans are incomplete. here, we show a key role fo ...201323928307
spectrum and potency of ceftaroline against leading pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract and skin and soft tissue infections in latin america, 2010.ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a cephalosporin with in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus, β-haemolytic and viridans group streptococci, and streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as common gram-negative organisms. in this study a total of 986 isolates collected in 2010 from patients in 15 medical centers in five latin american countries from the assessing worldw ...201323916453
group a streptococci are protected from amoxicillin-mediated killing by vesicles containing β-lactamase derived from haemophilus influenzae.group a streptococci (gas) cause, among other infections, pharyngotonsillitis in children. the species is frequently localized with the gram-negative respiratory pathogens non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis, which both produce outer membrane vesicles (omvs). the aim of this study was to investigate whether omvs isolated from nthi contain functional β-lactamase and whether the omvs hydrolyse amoxicillin and thus protect gas from killing by the antibiotic.201323912886
phagocytic dysfunction of human alveolar macrophages and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have fundamental impairment of phagocytosis for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, relative selectivity of dysfunctional phagocytosis among diverse respiratory pathogens: nthi, moraxella catarrhalis (mc), streptococcus pneumoniae (sp), and nonbacterial particles, as well as the contribution of impaired phagocytosis to severity of copd, has not been explored.201323908477
the beta lactam antibiotics as an empirical therapy in a developing country: an update on their current status and recommendations to counter the resistance against them.in a developing country like india, where the patients have to bear the cost of their healthcare, the microbiological culture and the sensitivity testing of each and every infection is not feasible. moreover, there are lacunae in the data storage, management and the sharing of knowledge with respect to the microorganisms which are prevalent in the local geographical area and with respect to the antibiotics which are effective against them. thus, an empirical therapy for treating infections is im ...201323905143
respiratory disease in canadian first nations and inuit children.first nations and inuit children are disproportionately affected by respiratory infections such as viral bronchiolitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis. rates of long-term lung disease following severe respiratory infections early in life, such as bronchiectasis, are also elevated. in contrast, rates of asthma may be somewhat less than in other canadian children, although rates of poor asthma control are increased. causes for the high rates of infections include poverty, overcrowding, housing in need ...201223904781
improving patient care via development of a protein-based diagnostic test for microbe-specific detection of chronic rhinosinusitis.the hypothesis is that signature bacterial proteins can be identified in sinus secretions via high-throughput, proteomic based techniques. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with sinusitis and serves as proof of principle pathogen for identifying biomarkers.201323904321
improving patient care via development of a protein-based diagnostic test for microbe-specific detection of chronic rhinosinusitis.the hypothesis is that signature bacterial proteins can be identified in sinus secretions via high-throughput, proteomic based techniques. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with sinusitis and serves as proof of principle pathogen for identifying biomarkers.201323904321
possible involvement of human bocavirus 1 in the death of a middle-aged immunosuppressed patient.an immunosuppressed 61-year-old man went to the hospital with fever, nonproductive cough, and increasing shortness of breath. the subject died 8 days later of respiratory complications. pcr of respiratory samples as well as a blood sample revealed exceptionally high dna levels of the emerging pathogen, human bocavirus 1 (hbov1), a recently found pathogen associated with respiratory symptoms in young children. we describe the clinical progression of the case and discuss the potential role of hbov ...201323903541
multiple streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in aural discharge samples from children with acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea.among 55 children with cultures positive for acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea, 28 (51%) had cultures positive for aural streptococcus pneumoniae, and in 10 of these, two distinct strains were detected, in which 5 had pairs of strains that were both capsule-bearing serotypes. such cases were more likely to have cultures positive for other otopathogens than those with only one pneumococcus present.201323885003
combination of pantothenamides with vanin inhibitors as a novel antibiotic strategy against gram-positive bacteria.the emergence of resistance against current antibiotics calls for the development of new compounds to treat infectious diseases. synthetic pantothenamides are pantothenate analogs that possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro in minimal media. pantothenamides were shown to be substrates of the bacterial coenzyme a (coa) biosynthetic pathway, causing cellular coa depletion and interference with fatty acid synthesis. in spite of their potential use and selectivity for bacterial metab ...201323877685
improvement of the pharmacokinetics and in vivo antibacterial efficacy of a novel type iia topoisomerase inhibitor by formulation in liposomes.several useful properties of liposome-based formulations of various existing antibacterial drugs have been reported. these properties include lower mics, improved pharmacokinetics, lower toxicity, selective distribution to infected tissues, and enhanced in vivo efficacy. here we report in vivo studies of a liposomal formulation of a member of a novel class of antibacterial type ii topoisomerase inhibitors, others of which have progressed to early phases of clinical trials. the free (i.e., nonlip ...201323877679
efficacy of levofloxacin versus cefuroxime in treating acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.antibiotic treatment is one of the major pharmacologic treatments for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). however, the choice of antibiotic depends on the local resistance pattern. a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial was done in patients with aecopd to compare the efficacy of levofloxacin with that of cefuroxime axetil.201323874094
community-acquired pneumonia: 2012 history, mythology, and science.pneumonia remains one of the major disease entities practicing physicians must manage. it is a leading cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality in all age groups, and a leading cause of death in those older than 65 years of age. despite its frequency and importance, clinical questions have remained in the therapy of community-acquired pneumonia including when to start antibiotics, when to stop them, who to treat, and what agents to use. answers to these questions have involved historic ...201323874036
bacterial interference with canonical nfκb signalling.the human body is constantly challenged by a variety of commensal and pathogenic micro-organisms that trigger the immune system. central in the first line of defence is the pattern-recognition receptor (prr)-induced stimulation of the nfκb pathway, leading to nfκb activation. the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or antimicrobial peptides results in recruitment of professional phagocytes and bacterial clearance. to overcome this, bacteria have developed mechanisms for targe ...201323873783
acute otitis media otopathogens during 2008 to 2010 in rochester, new york.the otopathogen distribution colonizing the nasopharynx (np) and causing acute otitis media (aom) is in flux following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (pcv7) and will continue to change.201323860479
accurate identification of fastidious gram-negative rods: integration of both conventional phenotypic methods and 16s rrna gene analysis.accurate identification of fastidious gram-negative rods (gnr) by conventional phenotypic characteristics is a challenge for diagnostic microbiology. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of molecular methods, e.g., 16s rrna gene sequence analysis for identification of fastidious gnr in the clinical microbiology laboratory.201323855986
a guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2013 recommendations by the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) and the american society for microbiology (asm)(a).the critical role of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the health care team. this document, developed by both laboratory and clinical experts, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. sections are divided into anatomic systems, including bloodstream i ...201323845951
incidence survey of acute otitis media in children in sado island, japan--sado otitis media study (sadoms).acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common forms of bacterial infection and cause for clinic visits in children. the incidence of aom was 0.9-1.2 episodes per person-year during the first 2 years of life in previous reports conducted before 2000. the aim of this study was to 1) evaluate the latest aom incidence in pediatric outpatients and 2) identify the bacterial pathogens from these patients and ascertain their serotypes and resistance.201323844235
rna-seq-based analysis of the physiologic cold shock-induced changes in moraxella catarrhalis gene expression.moraxella catarrhalis, a major nasopharyngeal pathogen of the human respiratory tract, is exposed to rapid downshifts of environmental temperature when humans breathe cold air. the prevalence of pharyngeal colonization and respiratory tract infections caused by m. catarrhalis is greatest in winter. we investigated how m. catarrhalis uses the physiologic exposure to cold air to regulate pivotal survival systems that may contribute to m. catarrhalis virulence.201323844181
use of the chinchilla model to evaluate the vaccinogenic potential of the moraxella catarrhalis filamentous hemagglutinin-like proteins mhab1 and mhab2.moraxella catarrhalis causes significant health problems, including 15-20% of otitis media cases in children and ~10% of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the lack of an efficacious vaccine, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates, and high carriage rates reported in children are cause for concern. in addition, the effectiveness of conjugate vaccines at reducing the incidence of otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae a ...201323844117
Refresh
firstprev
...11121314151617181920...
nextlast
Displaying items 1101 - 1200 of 5747