Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| absence of chronic hepatitis e in a german cohort of common variable immunodeficiency patients. | cases of chronic or prolonged hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been described in solid organ transplant recipients, hiv infected patients and in patients with malignancies or idiopathic cd4(+) t lymphopenia. it is unknown if hev infection also takes chronic courses in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid). we studied a cohort of 73 cvid patients recruited in a low endemic central european country. none of the subjects tested positive for hev rna or anti-hev igg. immunoglob ... | 2012 | 24470942 |
| increased hev seroprevalence in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection takes a clinically silent, self-limited course in the far majority of cases. chronic hepatitis e has been reported in some cohorts of immunocompromised individuals. the role of hev infections in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (aih) is unknown. | 2014 | 24465537 |
| liver transplantation for acute liver failure related to autochthonous genotype 3 hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus of genotype 3 (hev-3) is an emerging cause of sporadic autochthonous acute hepatitis in europe. although spontaneous outcome of hepatitis e is usually favorable, fulminant liver failure has been described worldwide. in europe, autochthonous hepatitis e associated with fulminant hepatic failure and leading to liver transplantation has been exceptionally reported. we report here four cases of fulminant and sub-fulminant hepatitis e proposed for liver transplantation in marseille ... | 2014 | 24462173 |
| [epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in spain]. | the general features of the epidemiology and ecology of hepatitis e virus in spain are already known after 20 years of investigations. genotype 3 strains, mainly from sub-genotype 3f, circulated among swine livestock and certain wild mammals, and would be sporadically transmitted to humans through direct contact with the reservoirs or by consumption of foods derived from them. bivalve shellfish contaminated by hepatitis e virus from sewage could also play a role in transmission. although the int ... | 2015 | 24447919 |
| hepatitis e in liver transplant recipients in the rhône-alpes region in france. | in developed countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen, but prevalence seems highly variable according to previous european studies. as hev can lead to chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients, it is thus essential to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of this infection. | 2014 | 24445407 |
| should we screen blood products for hepatitis e virus rna ? | 2014 | 24439737 | |
| course and treatment of chronic hepatitis e virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | persistent hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been described in various transplant cohorts. however, the frequency and the course of hev infection in lung transplant recipients (lu-tr) are not well defined. | 2014 | 24438577 |
| hepatitis e virus reinfections in solid-organ-transplant recipients can evolve into chronic infections. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are a major cause of acute hepatitis in developing and industrialized countries. little is known about anti-hev immunity in solid-organ recipients. | 2014 | 24436450 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging disease. | currently, the infection with the hepatitis e virus represents the most frequent cause for acute hepatitis and jaundice in the world. according to who estimations, around two billion people, representing one third of the world's population, live in endemic areas for hev and, therefore, are at risk of infection. in developed countries, the circulation of the virus in both human and animal (swine, boar, deer) sewage has been confirmed; however, the incidence rate is low compared to that of develop ... | 2014 | 24434240 |
| comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assays for detection of swine hepatitis e virus in fecal samples. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in people in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries. mammalian hev (mhev) isolates can be divided into at least four recognized major genotypes. several nucleic acid amplification techniques have been developed for mhev detection, with great differences in sensitivity. the aim of this study was to compare the performances of two singleplex real-time reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr assays for ... | 2014 | 24430450 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in humans and animals. | hepatitis e has traditionally been considered an endemic disease of developing countries. it generally spreads through contaminated water. however, seroprevalence studies have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are not uncommon in industrialized countries. in addition, the number of autochthonous hepatitis e cases in these countries is increasing. most hev infections in developed countries can be traced to the ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked pork meat or sausages. several ... | 2014 | 24427760 |
| development of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-igg against swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is widespread throughout pigs in both developing and industrialized countries. this virus is an important zoonotic agent and a public concern worldwide. infected pigs are asymptomatic, so diagnosing swine hev relies on detection of the virus or antibodies against the virus. however, several obstacles need to be overcome for effective and practical serological diagnosis. in this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that used a purified rec ... | 2013 | 24421718 |
| fetal and neonatal health consequences of vertically transmitted hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections lead to tens of thousands of deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. hepatitis e poses a significant threat to the health of expectant mothers, a well-noted epidemiologic feature of the disease, but the contribution of vertically transmitted hev infection to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality has received limited attention. evidence assembled to date suggests that mother-to-child hev transmission may be frequent and deleterious to the fetus and ... | 2014 | 24420778 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with preceding hepatitis e virus infection. | the aim of the study was to determine whether guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is associated with preceding hepatitis e virus infection. | 2014 | 24415572 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus by transfusion: what is the risk? | 2014 | 24405304 | |
| serological cross reactivity to cmv and ebv causes problems in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern as a major cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis worldwide. the detectable window of viraemia is narrow, and hev igm and igg rise simultaneously in acute infection. furthermore, previous investigators have shown hev igm false positive reactions occur against ebv, cmv and potentially hepatitis a. a retrospective analysis of hev serology testing was performed at a london tertiary referral hospital over a 3-year period. a ... | 2014 | 24402843 |
| neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis e virus infection. | to determine whether there is an association between an acute preceding hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and neuralgic amyotrophy (na), and if so, whether patients with hev-related na differ from patients without an associated hev infection. | 2014 | 24401685 |
| host immune status and response to hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. recognition that hev also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. even without treatment, most cases of hev-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. however, hev sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extr ... | 2014 | 24396140 |
| hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a worldwide disease. an improved understanding of the natural history of hev infection has been achieved within the last decade. several reservoirs and transmission modes have been identified. hepatitis e is an underdiagnosed disease, in part due to the use of serological assays with low sensitivity. however, diagnostic tools, including nucleic acid-based tests, have been improved. the epidemiology and clinical features of hepatitis e differ between developin ... | 2014 | 24396139 |
| application of serologic assays for diagnosing acute hepatitis e in national surveillance of a nonendemic area. | variant performance of immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) hepatitis e virus (hev) assays may impact the diagnosis. the present study aimed to evaluate four different igm/igg assays for hev infection for application in national surveillance in nonendemic areas. sera from 300 patients that were stored in the centers for disease control (cdc) of taiwan for suspected acute hev infection from 2004 to 2008, and 18 serum samples from acute cases of hev infection in taipei veteran general ... | 2014 | 24395716 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging infection in high income countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is the most recently characterized hepatotropic virus and is increasingly being recognized as the cause of unexplained liver disease in many western countries. although asymptomatic in most cases, hev gt3 may be responsible for a wide range of illnesses, from mild to fulminant acute hepatitis, and also chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. extrahepatic manifestations have been occasionally described. anti-hev antibody detection by immunoassays is ham ... | 2014 | 24388207 |
| drug-induced liver injury. | drug hepatoxicity can be nonidiosyncratic (predictable), as in the case of acetaminophen, or idiosyncratic (unpredictable). this review article focuses primarily on idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (dili). new epidemiologic data suggest that approximately 20 new cases of dili per 100,000 persons occur each year. idiosyncratic dili accounts for 11% of the cases of acute liver failure in the united states. risk factors for dili include medication dose, drug lipophilicity, and extent of hepa ... | 2014 | 24388027 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in blood donors in greece. | 2014 | 24387713 | |
| effect of handling and storage conditions and stabilizing agent on the recovery of viral rna from oral fluid of pigs. | there is an increasing interest in using oral fluid to determine herd health and documenting the circulation of viruses in commercial swine populations but little is known about the stability of viruses in oral fluid. hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus which is widespread in swine herds. information on optimal handling methods such as heat treatments, freezing and rna stabilization agents is needed to prevent or minimize degradation of viral rna by degradative enzymes. the objectives of ... | 2014 | 24384096 |
| suppressive activity and altered conventional phenotype markers/mediators of regulatory t cells in patients with self-limiting hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of self-limiting acute viral hepatitis in several developing countries. elevated levels of peripheral cd4(+) cd25(+) foxp3(+) , cd4(+) cd25(-) foxp3(+) and rise in il-10 in hepatitis e have been associated with the involvement of regulatory t cells (treg). the functional role of the same is yet elusive. in the current study, we have assessed (i) foxp3 expression by real-time pcr and by flow cytometry, (ii) the levels of antigen-specific il-10 and tgf-β by ... | 2014 | 24383927 |
| chronic hepatitis e: a review of the literature. | in 1978, the first case of hepatitis e was identified as non-a, non-b hepatitis. hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is believed to be one of the common causes of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis in developing countries and is rare in developed countries, except in patients with a history of travel. however, an increasing number of chronic hev infection cases have recently been reported in developed countries. in these countries, immunosuppressed patients with hev infection, such as organ t ... | 2014 | 24383921 |
| hepatitis e in liver biopsies from patients with acute hepatitis of clinically unexplained origin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a small rna virus and the infectious agent of hepatitis e that occurs worldwide either as epidemics in asia caused by genotype 1 and 2 or as sporadic disease in industrialized countries induced by genotype 3 and 4. the frequency might be underestimated in central europe as a cause of acute hepatitis. therefore, we analyzed on liver biopsies, if cases of acute hepatitis with clinically unknown or obscure diagnosis were actually caused by the infection with hev. we inclu ... | 2013 | 24379784 |
| avian hepatitis e virus in chickens, taiwan, 2013. | a previously unidentified strain of avian hepatitis e virus (ahev) is now endemic among chickens in taiwan. analysis showed that the virus is 81.5%-86.5% similar to other ahevs. in taiwan, ahev infection has been reported in chickens without ahev exposure, suggesting transmission from asymptomatic cases or repeated introduction through an unknown common source(s). | 2014 | 24378180 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus genotype 1 infection, uruguay. | 2014 | 24378037 | |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4, denmark, 2012. | 2014 | 24377483 | |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection beyond transplantation or human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 2014 | 24375747 | |
| assessment of dried blood samples as an alternative less invasive method for detection of hepatitis e virus marker in an outbreak setting. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e. it can be asymptomatic, associated with acute self-limiting hepatitis or acute liver failure. the conventional diagnosis of hev infection relies on anti-hev igm serology. the collection of blood samples by venepunture for laboratory confirmation is often difficult during an outbreak. thus, testing the specimens of dried blood spots (dbs) on filter papers can prove to be a feasible alternative. the present study aimed to evaluate the ... | 2014 | 24375126 |
| antiviral strategies for hepatitis e virus. | the hepatitis e virus is a common cause of acute hepatitis. contrary to hepatitis b and c, hepatitis e is mostly a mild infection, although it has a high mortality in pregnant women and can evolve to chronicity in immunocompromised patients. ribavirin and pegylated interferon-α are the only available therapies, but both have side effects that are not acceptable for prophylaxis or treatment of mild infections. in addition, these drugs cannot be used for all patient types (e.g. in case of pregnanc ... | 2014 | 24374149 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence and molecular study among blood donors in china. | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection from blood transfusion has aroused increasing concern in many countries. the aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk of hev infection through blood transfusion in china. | 2014 | 24372259 |
| molecular characterization of a novel hepatitis e virus (hev) strain obtained from a wild boar in japan that is highly divergent from the previously recognized hev strains. | although a consensus classification system for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes is currently unavailable, hev variants (jboar135-shiz09 and wbjoy_06) from wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have provisionally been classified into two novel genotypes (5 and 6). while performing a survey of hev infections among 566 wild boars that were captured in japan between january 2010 and august 2013, we found 24 boars (4.2%) with ongoing hev infections: 13 had genotype 3 hev, 10 had genotype 4 hev and the ... | 2014 | 24370869 |
| occupational exposure to zoonotic agents among agricultural workers in lombardy region, northern italy. | this study was conducted in northern italy with the aim of defining the risk of agricultural workers' contact with biological agents through the determination of serum antibodies against selected zoonotic agents. immunity against tetanus was also investigated. | 2013 | 24364433 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus among primary school children. | to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibody among primary school children in the two different areas of denizli, turkey. methodology : anti-hev antibodies were investigated in 185 primary school children (91 from rural areas and 94 from urban areas of denizli). the children were divided into two age groups as seven-year old group and fourteen-year old group. samples were tested for anti-hev ab by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. results : a total of 23 primary school childr ... | 2013 | 24353592 |
| serum from patients with hepatitis e virus-related acute liver failure induces human liver cell apoptosis. | the pathogenesis of acute liver failure has not been fully elucidated. the present study investigated the effects of the serum from patients with hepatitis e virus (hev)-related acute liver failure on human liver cell survival and apoptosis, and evaluated the protective effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide(lps) antibody recognizing core polysaccharide against acute liver failure serum-induced apoptosis. serum was collected from patients with hev-related acute liver failure. the levels of endotoxin ... | 2014 | 24348810 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e among pregnant women in urmia, iran. | while hepatitis e virus (hev) mostly causes self-limited disease in general population, it is more severe in pregnant women. | 2013 | 24348644 |
| development of a novel immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for detection of swine hepatitis e virus antibodies based on stable cell lines expressing the orf3 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) strains are classified into 4 genotypes by nucleotide sequencing. genotypes 3 and 4 infect humans and animals via hev-contaminated food or water. hev rna was detected by pcr and antibodies were detected by elisa. since human studies showed that hev igg antibodies in sera can persist for extended periods, diagnosis of hev infection in swine or humans is mainly based on serological detection using commercial elisa kits. however, there is no supplemental method to verify eli ... | 2014 | 24334082 |
| mutagenesis of hepatitis e virus helicase motifs: effects on enzyme activity. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a non-enveloped rna virus. the open reading frame 1 encoded non-structural polyprotein has putative domains for methyltransferase, cysteine protease, helicase and rna-dependent rna polymerase, however processing of this polyprotein is still uncertain. hev helicase belongs to superfamily 1 and has all seven conserved motifs typical of the family. ntpase and rna duplex unwinding activities of hev helicase domain were recently demonstr ... | 2014 | 24333153 |
| molecular modeling and analysis of hepatitis e virus (hev) papain-like cysteine protease. | the biochemical or biophysical characterization of a papain-like cysteine protease in hev orf1-encoded polyprotein still remains elusive. very recently, we have demonstrated the indispensability of orf1 protease-domain cysteines and histidines in hev replication, ex vivo (parvez, 2013). in this report, the polyprotein partial sequences of hev strains and genetically-related rna viruses were analyzed, in silico. employing the consensus-prediction results of rubv-p(150) protease as structural-temp ... | 2014 | 24321124 |
| calculation of evolutionary correlation between individual genes and full-length genome: a method useful for choosing phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiology. | individual genes or regions are still commonly used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among viral isolates. the genomic regions that can faithfully provide assessments consistent with those predicted with full-length genome sequences would be preferable to serve as good candidates of the phylogenetic markers for molecular epidemiological studies of many viruses. here we employed a statistical method to evaluate the evolutionary relationships between individual viral genes and full-lengt ... | 2013 | 24312527 |
| water borne hepatitis a and hepatitis e in malwa region of punjab, india. | hepatitis-a virus infection (hav) and hepatitis e virus infection (hev) are faecally contaminated water borne infection of great public interest in developing countries. hav has a world-wide /dablestribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its epidemics are not very common. hev is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and its epidemics are common. studies suggested that hev is etiologically responsible for 10%-95% of admitt ... | 2013 | 24298465 |
| novel hepatitis e like virus found in swedish moose. | a novel virus was detected in a sample collected from a swedish moose (alces alces). the virus was suggested as a member of the hepeviridae family, although it was found to be highly divergent from the known four genotypes (gt1-4) of hepatitis e virus (hev). moose are regularly hunted for consumption in the whole of scandinavia. thus, the finding of this virus may be important from several aspects: (a) as a new diverged hev in a new animal species, and (b) potential unexplored hev transmission p ... | 2014 | 24296469 |
| a dual vaccine candidate against norovirus and hepatitis e virus. | norovirus (nov) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both enterically-transmitted viruses causing gastroenteritis and hepatitis, respectively, in humans. while a vaccine against hevs recently became available in china, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic approach against novs. both nov and hev have surface protrusions formed by dimers of the protruding (p) domains of the viral capsids, which is responsible for virus-host interactions and eliciting viral neutralizing antibody. we developed in this ... | 2014 | 24291540 |
| risk factors associated with the presence of hepatitis e virus in livers and seroprevalence in slaughter-age pigs: a retrospective study of 90 swine farms in france. | the frequency of sporadic cases of hepatitis e in humans in developed countries has increased in recent years. the consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver-based products has been identified as an important source of human infection. the question of possible massive human exposure to this zoonotic agent has been raised by the high prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine herds. however, little is known about the epidemiology of hev on pig farms. a retrospective study, based on a previou ... | 2014 | 24284046 |
| endemic hepatitis e in the czech republic. | an increasing incidence of endemic hepatitis e (he) has been reported in developed countries. thus, an evaluation of the clinical characteristics of the disease and the utility of the current diagnostic methods is warranted. | 2014 | 24280093 |
| hepatitis e virus variant in farmed mink, denmark. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus for which pigs are the primary animal reservoir. to investigate whether hev occurs in mink in denmark, we screened feces and tissues from domestic and wild mink. our finding of a novel hev variant supports previous findings of hev variants in a variety of species. | 2013 | 24274600 |
| hepatitis e and lymphocytic leukemia in man, italy. | 2013 | 24274068 | |
| indigenous hepatitis e in england and wales from 2003 to 2012: evidence of an emerging novel phylotype of viruses. | enhanced surveillance and molecular characterisation studies of hepatitis e virus (hev) in england and wales have been undertaken since 2003. the dynamics of hepatitis e have changed recently with an increase in the number of indigenous cases and an observed viral shift. | 2014 | 24273173 |
| evaluation of hepatitis e virus infection between different production systems of pigs in brazil. | the objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the occurrence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs from large-scale and family-scale farms, (2) genetically characterize the strains isolated, and (3) study the pathogenesis of swine hev infection via immunohistochemistry. a total of 50 pigs from 10 farms in mato grosso state, brazil were divided according to type of production system into either large-scale farms (n = 5) or family-scale farms (n = 5). samples of liver, gallbladder, small and l ... | 2014 | 24272392 |
| colorimetric detection of hepatitis e virus based on reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common communicable disease in the third world countries. the early diagnosis of hev is important for the prognosis and prevention of the spread of the disease. conventional methods for hev detection need expensive equipment and cannot meet the needs of point of care (poc) use. in the present study, a gold nanoparticle (aunp) based rt-lamp assay was developed for colorimetric detection of hev. as low as 10(1) copies of hev rna were detected visually. with r ... | 2014 | 24269797 |
| peek-a-boo: membrane hijacking and the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | historically, animal viruses have been classified on the basis of the presence or absence of an envelope - an external lipid bilayer membrane typically carrying one or more viral glycoproteins. however, growing evidence indicates that some 'non-enveloped' viruses circulate in the blood of infected individuals enveloped in host-derived membranes that provide protection from neutralizing antibodies. in this opinion article, we discuss this novel strategy for virus survival and consider how it cont ... | 2014 | 24268716 |
| one case of swine hepatitis e virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection in weaned pigs. | using various methods, we analyzed the cause of death among weaned pigs from a pig farm in hebei province, china. all 300 piglets (100% fatality) were identified as moribund, with death occurring within 1 month from the onset of clinical signs. | 2013 | 24252365 |
| hepatitis e virus open reading frame 3 protein interacts with porcine liver-specific plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a hepatotropic virus that causes acute and, occasionally, chronic viral hepatitis. at least four recognized genotypes of mammalian hev have been identified. genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic in humans and pigs are the major host. the 7.2 kb genome of hev contains three open reading frames: orf1, orf2, and orf3. orf1 encodes a nonstructural protein and the orf2 protein is the main capsid protein but the precise functions of orf3 protein remain obscure. to explore the role ... | 2014 | 24249579 |
| detection and characterization of potentially zoonotic viruses in faeces of pigs at slaughter in germany. | pigs can harbour a variety of viruses in their gastrointestinal tract. some of them are closely related to human viruses and are therefore suspected to have a zoonotic potential. only little is known about the presence of those viruses in pigs at slaughter. however, by contamination of meat with zoonotic viruses during the slaughtering process, food-borne transmission to humans may be possible. here we analyzed 120 faecal samples of pigs at slaughter from 3 different geographical regions of germ ... | 2014 | 24247020 |
| duration of viraemia in chinese acute sporadic hepatitis e. | acute sporadic hepatitis e (ashe) cases induced by hepatitis e virus genotype 4 (hev-4) are increasing in china. our study aimed to estimate the duration of hev-4 viraemia in chinese ashe. a total of 619 serum specimens from 499 ashe patients were examined for the presence of hev rna. the association between viraemia detection and serum sampling time was compared between subtypes. the cumulative probability of hev viraemia detection was determined using kaplan-meier survival analysis, and the vi ... | 2014 | 24241947 |
| age-related and regional differences in the prevalence of hepatitis e virus-specific antibodies in pigs in germany. | an increasing number of acute autochthonous human hepatitis e virus (hev)-infections was noticed in germany and other developed countries, most likely the result of a zoonotic virus transmission from pig, wild boar and deer. currently there is still a lack of profound data concerning the actual prevalence of hev-specific antibodies in domestic pig herds in germany, in particular for regions with high pig density, and its age-dependency. 2273 domestic pig sera were collected in 2011 mainly from b ... | 2013 | 24238666 |
| marked genomic heterogeneity of rat hepatitis e virus strains in indonesia demonstrated on a full-length genome analysis. | rat hepatitis e virus (hev) strains have recently been isolated in several areas of germany, vietnam, the united states, indonesia and china. however, genetic information regarding these rat hev strains is limited. a total of 369 wild rats (rattus rattus) captured in central java (solo) and on lombok island, indonesia were tested for the presence of rat hev-specific antibodies and rna. overall, 137 rats (37.1%) tested positive for rat anti-hev antibodies, while 97 (26.3%) had rat hev rna detecta ... | 2014 | 24231359 |
| the membrane on the surface of hepatitis e virus particles is derived from the intracellular membrane and contains trans-golgi network protein 2. | our previous studies demonstrated that hepatitis e virus (hev) requires the multivesicular body (mvb) pathway to release virus particles, suggesting that hev utilizes the cellular escrt machinery in the cytoplasm, not at the cell surface, to be released from infected cells. in this study, we generated a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) against the membrane-associated hev particles to examine whether the membrane is derived from intracellular vesicles or the cell surface. an established mab, ta17 ... | 2014 | 24221250 |
| role of nitric oxide synthase genes in hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of endemic and epidemic acute hepatitis. a correlation between inos, enos polymorphisms, levels and severity of disease has been reported, and here, we examined the role of inos and enos gene polymorphisms and their levels in hev-related acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure. hepatitis e virus-related cases of acute hepatitis (294 patients) and liver failure (82 patients) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (331 subjects) were includ ... | 2014 | 24215170 |
| does chronic hepatitis e virus infection exist in immunocompetent patients? | 2014 | 24214924 | |
| diagnostic performance of selected commercial hev igm and igg elisas for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is recognised as an emerging pathogen in industrialised countries. the currently commercially available hev-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are primarily designed for the detection of antibodies against genotypes 1 (burma) and 2 (mexico) and may not sensitively detect hev genotypes 3 or 4. | 2013 | 24210958 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) through the different stages of pig manure composting plants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an increasing cause of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of hev in pig manure composting plants located in spain. for this purpose, a total of 594 samples were taken in 54 sampling sessions from the different stages of composting treatment in these plants as follows: slurry reception ponds, anaerobic ponds, aerobic ponds, fermentation zone and composting final products. hev was detected by reverse transcript ... | 2014 | 24206540 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in scotland. | hepatitis e virus is well recognized cause of acute hepatitis. traditionally hepatitis e virus (hev) infections were generally associated with travel to asia and africa. autochthonous hepatitis e is recognized as a major cause acute hepatitis in england and wales. however, autochthonous hepatitis e has never been documented in scotland. | 2013 | 24200818 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 1 infection of swine kidney cells in vitro is inhibited at multiple levels. | genotype 1 hepatitis e viruses (hevs) are restricted to primate hosts, whereas genotype 3 hevs predominantly infect swine, in addition to primates. in order to identify possible determinants of the host range, infectious recombinant viruses and chimeras of a genotype 1 isolate and a genotype 3 isolate were compared for their ability to infect versus transfect cultured human hepg2/c3a cells and swine llc-pk cells. the patterns of luciferase expression from virus replicons containing the gaussia l ... | 2014 | 24198420 |
| performance of anti-hev assays for diagnosing acute hepatitis e in immunocompromised patients. | hepatitis e virus is an emerging concern in immunocompromised patients, who may become chronically infected. this prompted us to assess the performance of two anti-hev igg and igm assays for diagnosing acute hev infections. the specificities of the assays were estimated by testing samples from 2 to 3 year-old french children and blood donors and their sensitivities by testing 40 immunocompromised patients acutely infected. both anti-hev igm assays were highly specific (99.6% and 100%). the sensi ... | 2013 | 24183927 |
| zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus in industrialized countries. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis. the disease represents an important public health problem in developing countries, where it is often related to outbreaks mainly associated with consumption of contaminated water. during recent years, an increasing number of sporadic cases have also been described in industrialized countries. besides humans, the hepatitis e virus (hev) has also been identified in animals. in 1997, the virus wa ... | 2013 | 24177295 |
| population movement and virus spreading: hev spreading in a pilgrimage city, mashhad in northeast iran; an example. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health concern and responsible for large outbreaks of acute hepatitis in poor sanitary and living conditions. | 2013 | 24171006 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in children in germany. | since asymptomatic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections particularly affect children, there is a need for studies to determine the hev seroprevalence among infants, children and adolescents. | 2014 | 24168981 |
| direct contact and environmental contaminations are responsible for hev transmission in pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause enterically-transmitted hepatitis in humans. the zoonotic nature of hepatitis e infections has been established in industrialized areas and domestic pigs are considered as the main reservoir. the dynamics of transmission in pig herds therefore needs to be understood to reduce the prevalence of viremic pigs at slaughter and prevent contaminated pig products from entering the food chain. an experimental trial was carried out to study the main characteristics of he ... | 2013 | 24165278 |
| a one-step dipstick assay for the on-site detection of nucleic acid. | we have developed a one-step nucleic acid dipstick assay (nada) for visually detecting polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products within 3min. "one-step" means that there were no additional procedures between amplification and detection. | 2013 | 24161476 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e viruses based on the third korea national health and nutrition survey in korea. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in korea during 2005. | 2011 | 24159450 |
| emergence of autochthonous infections with hepatitis e virus of genotype 4 in europe. | in europe, autochthonous hepatitis e is caused by genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev) in almost all cases. a total of 15 infections with genotype 4 hev were diagnosed in france from may 2009 to april 2012, and all but one of the hev-4 strains implicated in these infections were genetically related and highly similar to hev-4 sequences isolated from swine in belgium. in addition, 5 autochthonous hev-4 infections have been described in the region of lazio, italy, during march and april 2011, and th ... | 2014 | 24157452 |
| infection by brazilian and dutch swine hepatitis e virus strains induces haematological changes in macaca fascicularis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been described as an emerging pathogen in brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. an autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis e was recently reported. to obtain a better understanding of the phenotypic profiles of both human and swine hev strains, a experimental study was conducted using the animal model, macaca fascicularis. | 2013 | 24148233 |
| ribavirin inhibits in vitro hepatitis e virus replication through depletion of cellular gtp pools and is moderately synergistic with alpha interferon. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute hepatitis that results in high mortality in pregnant women and may establish chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. we demonstrate for the first time that alpha interferon (ifn-α) and ribavirin inhibit in vitro hev replication in both a subgenomic replicon and an infectious culture system based on a genotype 3 strain. ifn-α showed a moderate but significant synergism with ribavirin. these findings corroborate the reported clinical eff ... | 2014 | 24145541 |
| genotype analysis of hepatitis e virus from sporadic hepatitis e cases in northern china. | hepatitis e is an important public health problem in many countries. however, there is no definite conclusion about the zoonotic reservoir, transmission patterns and risk factors of hepatitis e in the human population. the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and viral genotype characteristics of hepatitis e cases in northern china. surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in liaoning and hebei province from july 2010 to june 2012. out of a total of 116 diagnosed patients, 88 ... | 2013 | 24140474 |
| patients infected with hiv are at high-risk for hepatitis e virus infection in spain. | hepatitis e virus is responsible for sporadic cases of acute, self-limited viral hepatitis not only in endemic but also in industrialized countries. in addition, some reports confirm that it can cause chronic infection and even cirrhosis in immunosuppressed and also in patients infected with hiv. there are few data about prevalence and incidence of hev chronic infection in hiv-hev coinfected individuals in spain. the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anti-hev igg in a represe ... | 2014 | 24136591 |
| tracing enteric viruses in the european berry fruit supply chain. | in recent years, numerous foodborne outbreaks due to consumption of berry fruit contaminated by human enteric viruses have been reported. this european multinational study investigated possible contamination routes by monitoring the entire food chain for a panel of human and animal enteric viruses. a total of 785 samples were collected throughout the food production chain of four european countries (czech republic, finland, poland and serbia) during two growing seasons. samples were taken during ... | 2013 | 24135674 |
| genotype-4 hepatitis e in a human after ingesting roe deer meat in south korea. | the recent increase in the number of cases of indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) infection highlights the importance of identifying the transmission routes for the prevention of such infections. presented herein is the first case of acute hev infection after ingesting wild roe deer meat in south korea. a 43-year-old male presented with abdominal discomfort and jaundice. he had not recently traveled abroad, but had eaten raw roe-deer meat 6-8 weeks before the presentation. on the 7th day of hospi ... | 2013 | 24133670 |
| virus-like particle-based human vaccines: quality assessment based on structural and functional properties. | human vaccines against three viruses use recombinant virus-like particles (vlps) as the antigen: hepatitis b virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis e virus. vlps are excellent prophylactic vaccine antigens because they are self-assembling bionanoparticles (20 to 60 nm in diameter) that expose multiple epitopes on their surface and faithfully mimic the native virions. here we summarize the long journey of these vaccines from bench to patients. the physical properties and structural features o ... | 2013 | 24125746 |
| influence of chronic hbv infection on superimposed acute hepatitis e. | to investigate the influence of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection [based on the status of hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag), hbv dna, and cirrhosis] on superimposed acute hepatitis e. | 2013 | 24124337 |
| clinicolaboratory study of mother-to-neonate transmission of hepatitis e virus in egypt. | to study the presence of hepatitis e viremia in neonates with congenital infections. | 2013 | 24124153 |
| hepatitis e infection in liver transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection (genotype 3) has been described in developed countries as a cause of chronic hepatitis in recipients of solid organ transplantation (sot), with the first cases reported in 2008. immunosuppression seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic infections. the current gold standard for the diagnosis of hev infection is the detection of hev rna in serum, stools, or both. in liver transplant recipients, hev infection is considered an uncommon disease; how ... | 2014 | 24123928 |
| a longitudinal study revealing hepatitis e virus infection and transmission at a swine test station. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic agent that causes acute hepatitis in humans, and infects several animal species, most importantly swine. in the current study, that presents the first evidence of hev infections in pigs in finland, genetic divergence and transmission of hev was investigated among pigs at a swine test station at two occasions. in 2007, hev rna was found in 25% of pens, and 35% of 2-3 month-old pigs at the station. three different isolates, comprising 13 sequences of hev genot ... | 2013 | 24119762 |
| protection against hepatitis e virus infection by naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. | immunity acquired from infection or vaccination protects humans from symptomatic hepatitis e. however, whether the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is reduced by the immunity remains unknown. to understand this issue, a cohort with 12 409 participants randomized to receive the hepatitis e vaccine hecolin(®) or placebo were serologically followed up for 2 years after vaccination. about half (47%) of participants were initially seropositive. a total of 139 infection episodes, evidenced by ... | 2014 | 24118636 |
| hepatitis e virus: new faces of an old infection. | hepatitis e virus is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis worldwide, with the majority of cases occurring in asia. in recent years, however, an increasing number of acute and chronic hepatitis e virus infections have been reported in industrialized countries. the importance of this infection resides in the associated morbidity and mortality. in acute cases, a high mortality rate has been reported in patients with previously undiagnosed alcoholic liver disease. hepatitis e infection c ... | 2015 | 24114815 |
| hepatitis e: the forgotten virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has a long military association being first discovered during the soviet occupation of afghanistan in the 1980s after an outbreak of unexplained hepatitis at a military camp. hev is now endemic in the uk, and should be considered in all cases of jaundice. the prevalence is high in certain operational areas (28.5% in afghanistan), and maintenance of integrity of food and water supplies together with scrupulous attention to environmental hygiene remains paramount. pregnancy ... | 2013 | 24109137 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a new probable cause of de novo membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been identified as a cause of chronic viral hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. some glomerular diseases were found to be associated with this infection. we report the first case, to our knowledge, of a kidney transplant recipient who developed an hev infection and de novo membranous nephropathy (mn) concomitantly. the patient displayed a hepatic cytolysis first and a nephrotic syndrome occurred 3 months later. hev infection was diagnosed upon positive polymerase ... | 2013 | 24103101 |
| liver abnormalities in pregnancy. | abnormalities of liver function (notably rise in alkaline phosphatase and fall in serum albumin) are common in normal pregnancy, whereas rise in serum bilirubin and aminotransferase suggest either exacerbation of underlying pre-existing liver disease, liver disease related to pregnancy or liver disease unrelated to pregnancy. pregnant women appear to have a worse outcome when infected with hepatitis e virus. liver diseases associated with pregnancy include abnormalities associated hyperemesis gr ... | 2013 | 24090943 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence and risk factors for individuals in working contact with animals. | in industrial countries genotypes 3 and 4 of hev are detected in swine, wild boar, deer and rabbits, and they are associated with autochthonous infections suggesting the existence of zoonotic hev infections, compatible with the putative involvement of undercooked pork and big game products as a source of infection. | 2013 | 24084601 |
| [acute hepatitis e infection associated with guillain-barré syndrome in an immunocompetent patient]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is now recognized to be an emerging autochthonous disease in several countries. there have been several reports of neurological manifestations associated with hev infections. immunocompromised patients seem to be particularly vulnerable. | 2014 | 24080239 |
| hepatitis e virus: foodborne, waterborne and zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for epidemics and endemics of acute hepatitis in humans, mainly through waterborne, foodborne, and zoonotic transmission routes. hev is a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus classified in the family hepeviridae and encompasses four known genotypes (1-4), at least two new putative genotypes of mammalian hev, and one floating genus of avian hev. genotypes 1 and 2 hevs only affect humans, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic ... | 2013 | 24071919 |
| [an update on hepatitis e]. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is an rna virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route or through uncooked animal meat products. of the 4 known genotypes, genotype 3 is responsible for autochthonous infections in industrialized countries, with a seroprevalence in switzerland estimated as high as 22%. the majority of infections is asymptomatic but a minority of patients, notably men over 50 or with underlying liver disease, can present with severe acute hepatitis. chronic hepatitis e with hev of genoty ... | 2013 | 24066468 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a hematopoietic stem cell donor. | 2014 | 24056741 | |
| low seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant women in yunnan, china. | 2013 | 24055390 | |
| the clinical course of hepatitis e virus infection in patients of a tertiary dutch hospital over a 5-year period. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has long been known as a major cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries with occasional travel-related cases in developed countries, most of them belonging to genotype 1. currently, genotype 3 hev is recognized as an emerging public health issue in developed countries and can cause a chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. | 2013 | 24055152 |
| hepatitis e virus in england and wales: indigenous infection is associated with the consumption of processed pork products. | indigenously acquired hepatitis e infections have increased substantially in england and wales since 2010. epidemiological investigations were undertaken to determine risk factors for the acquisition of infection. a case-control study (25 cases, 75 controls) was used to test the hypothesis that hepatitis e infection was related to consumption of pork products. in a multivariable model, consumption of pork pie [odds ratio (or) 6·33, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1·41-28·48, p = 0·009] and consumpt ... | 2014 | 24054519 |
| hepatitis e virus among persons who inject drugs, san diego, california, usa, 2009-2010. | data about prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in persons who inject drugs are limited. among 18-40-year-old persons who inject drugs in california, usa, prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus was 2.7%. this prevalence was associated with age but not with homelessness, incarceration, or high-risk sexual behavior. | 2013 | 24047923 |