Publications

glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of exercised rats.	glutathione-s-transferase (gst), superoxide dismutase (sod), xanthine oxidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpxi), catalase activities and malondialdehyde (mda) content were determined in liver of three groups of exercised rats (e) viz., one day (e1), 10 days (e10) and 60 days (e60). gst, sod and xanthine oxidase activities increased significantly with the increase in exercise period. lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of mda formation, also increased in the liver of all the th ...	1990	2386536
hypoxia-induced sleep disturbance in rats.	the effects of varying degrees of hypoxia on sleep-wake organization were studied in rats prepared for chronic electrophysiological recording. the influence of piracetam (75, 50, and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydergine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) on sleep-wake organization in 10.5% oxygen was also investigated. the sleep-wake organization of rats under the effect of 15.5% oxygen content was unchanged, compared to that of normoxic control. more extreme hypoxia (12.6 and 10.5% oxygen) produced dramatic ...	1990	2356393
development of a computer program classifying rat sleep stages.	we developed a simple and precise program for the on-line judgement of the sleep stages of four rats simultaneously for an unlimited period, using a commercially available general purpose signal processor (nec-sanei 7t17; 32-bit, 5 mhz, 4 mbyte, 1 mbyte 1 floppy disc drive). eeg and emg were recorded with an 8-channel polygraph (nec-sanei, system 380) through electrodes chronically implanted into the brain. the signals were a/d converted every ms and integrated for 2760 ms after full-wave rectif ...	1990	2319814
[prostaglandin e2 and d2: opponents in the regulation of the sleep-wake rhythm?].		1990	2304416
effect of repeated application of nootropic drugs on sleep in rats.	the effects of repeated application of nootropic drugs on the sleep-wake cycle were investigated in rats. piracetam, meclofenoxate and pyritinol were injected intraperitoneally, 100 mg/kg per day, during a period of 10 days. the sleep-wake cycle was recorded each day between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. repeated administration of piracetam and meclofenoxate led to an increase of the paradoxical sleep, a decrease of waking, and a very small increase of slow-wave sleep. pyritinol, on the other hand, decrease ...	1990	2271011
sensitivity of eeg in young rats to toluene exposure.	effects of toluene on the electroencephalogram (eeg) and its power spectra were measured during a 2-hr exposure in a dynamic inhalational chamber in young rats (30-53 days old) and compared to those in adult rats (63-77 days old). rats were exposed to one of the three concentrations [low (108-111 ppm), medium (160-163 ppm), and high (407-432 ppm)] of toluene on different days. in tests on sleep-wake cycle, in the young animals the duration of the wake stage (w) was increased with decreases of ra ...	1990	2217506
responsiveness of rats to interleukin-1: effects of monosodium glutamate treatment of neonates.	monosodium glutamate (msg) treatment of neonatal rats results in degenerative lesions of the medial basal hypothalamus, particularly the arcuate nucleus (an). the an is rich in corticotropin-releasing hormone (crf) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone/alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh). these substances are part of a negative feedback mechanism for the regulation of interleukin-1 (il1), a cytokine with diverse biologic actions including a role in sleep regulation. the purpose of these ...	1990	2176294
relationship between camp concentration in anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region and the ultradian wake-sleep cycle.	in the rat anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration changes during the ultradian wake-sleep cycle. the administration of dl-propranolol and the exposure to low ambient temperature decreased the nucleotide concentration and also modified the wake-sleep cycle. this suggests that in this region a biochemical correlation exists with different functional states.	1990	2170491
[changes in the oxygen tension level in different brain structures of rats in the waking-sleep cycle].	changes of oxygen tension level (po2) in the visual cortex, dorsal hippocampus, lateral hypothalamus and central grey substance were studied during wake-sleep cycle in rats. the dependence was established of po2 level changes on the character of behavioural reactions and on the accompanying hippocampal eeg activity: during orienting-investigatory and active defensive behaviour and also during paradoxical sleep, accompanied by hippocampal theta rhythm, po2 level increased; during passive-defensiv ...	1990	2169159
the short-term effects of dl-propranolol on the wake-sleep cycle of the rat are related to selective changes in preoptic cyclic amp concentration.	the short-term effects of the intraperitoneal administration of dl-propranolol on the wake-sleep cycle of the rat were studied in relation to the cyclic amp concentration in the preoptic region and cerebral cortex. the results show that propranolol, but not saline, affected all stages of the wake-sleep cycle, increasing wakefulness, decreasing synchronized sleep and abolishing desynchronized sleep. these effects were associated with a decrement in cyclic amp concentration both in wakefulness and ...	1990	2168318
chloramphenicol modifies benzodiazepine receptor rhythm in the pontomesencephalic formation of the rat.	pontomesencephalic benzodiazepine (bz) receptors were measured at 4 h intervals throughout a 24 h day, and compared with those in frontal cortex, using [3h]diazepam binding. animals were treated with saline, chloramphenicol (cap) or thiamphenicol (tap). an ultradian rhythm of receptors was observed in both cases, which was abolished by cap but not by tap. saturation curves and scatchard analysis indicated decreased binding was due to a decrease in the number of receptors. cap effect on rem sleep ...	1990	2165436
sleep during acute dopamine d1 agonist skf 38393 or d1 antagonist sch 23390 administration in rats.	the effect of the d1 dopamine (da) receptor agonist skf 38393 was compared with that produced by the d1-receptor antagonist, sch 23390, in rats implanted with electrodes for chronic sleep recordings. skf 38393 (0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg) significantly suppressed rapid-eye-movement sleep (rems) after the highest dose. sch 23390 (0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg) increased slow-wave sleep (sws), whereas wakefulness (w) and rems were decreased. pretreatment with skf 38393 (0.5 mg/kg) prevented the effects of sch 23390 (0.2 ...	1990	2141985
effects of alternating 45-min light-dark cycles on sleep in the rat.	we studied the effect of alternating 45-min light-dark (l-d) cycles on sleep in rats. introduction of short l-d cycles did not abolish the normal circadian rhythm of sleep-wake activity. the amount of non-rem sleep was however increased in the l and decreased in the d 45-min periods. rem was promoted in the d and inhibited in the l 45-min periods. the influence of l-d or d-l transitions depended on the sleep wake activity immediately before the transition.	1990	2100102
rates of cerebral protein synthesis are linked to slow wave sleep in the rat.	using l-[1-14c]leucine autoradiography, rates of cerebral and local cerebral protein synthesis were studied during wakefulness, slow wave sleep (sws) and rem sleep in the rat. in the cerebrum as a whole, the rate at which labelled leucine was incorporated into tissues was positively correlated with the occurrence of slow wave sleep. we failed to observe a significant correlation of protein synthesis rate with either wakefulness or rem sleep. as in the cerebrum as a whole, most discrete brain reg ...	1990	2082375
sleep continuity and the rem-nonrem cycle in the rat under baseline conditions and after sleep deprivation.	wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement sleep (nonrems) and rems of rats were scored in 4-s epochs during the first 8 h of the 12-h light period of a baseline (bl) day and during recovery (rec) from 24-h sleep deprivation (sd). vigilance state continuity was investigated by analyzing the distribution of state episodes. after sd, state continuity was enhanced. the reduced occurrence of short wake episodes resulted in a consolidation of sleep states. the distribution of the rem-nonrem cycle length show ...	1991	2062936
effects of ethanol inhalation on eeg in rats.	effects of ethanol on duration of stages of sleep-wake cycle and eeg power spectra were measured during a 2-h exposure in a dynamic inhalational chamber in rats. rats were exposed to one of four graded concentrations (approx. 100, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm) of ethanol on different days. ethanol was found to increase the duration of waking (w) with a decrease in duration of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep at 100 and 400 ppm. no effect was observed at 800 and 1600 ppm on the stages of sleep-wake cycle ...	1991	2057499
sleep in diabetic rats: effects of interleukin 1.	previous observations indicate that both interleukin 1 beta (il-1 beta) and insulin are involved in sleep regulation. il-1 beta has been reported to stimulate insulin secretion, suggesting that some of the effects of il-1 beta are mediated by insulin. the purpose of the current experiments was to study the possible role of endogenous insulin in physiological sleep regulation and in the hypnogenic effects of exogenously administered il-1 beta. isotonic saline or il-1 beta (2.5 ng) was intracerebr ...	1991	2035711
interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal and dose-related effects.	rats received various doses of interleukin 1 (il-1) (range, 0.5-25.0 ng) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly during the rest (light) and the active (dark) cycles of the day, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature were determined for 6 h. low doses of il-1 (0.5 ng at night, 2.5 ng during the day) increased both the duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) and electroencephalogram (eeg) slow-wave activity during nrems episodes. increasing doses of il-1 had divergent eff ...	1991	1992828
the in vivo and in vitro activity of ahr-13268d, a new antiallergic/antihistaminic agent.	ahr-13268d (4-[3-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)hydroxymethyl]-1- piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoic acid, sodium salt) is a potent, long-acting water soluble, antiallergic and antihistaminic agent. ahr-13268d protects sensitive guinea pigs from collapse induced by aerosolized antigen; 1, 5, and 24 h ed50s in the test were 0.27, 0.25, 0.93 mg/kg, po, respectively. ahr-13268d was also active when given as an aerosol, the 1 h ed50 = 0.29%. in the rat passivefoot anaphylaxis test. ahr-13268d was slightly more act ...	1990	1982201
proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat. part 1--hypnogenic properties of acth derivatives.	the sleep-wake effects of the proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-derived peptides, i.c.v. injected, are reported. adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth, 1 microgram) induces an awakening effect, while its two derivatives, desacetyl-alpha-msh (des-alpha-msh, 1ng) and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (clip, 10 ng), are respectively able to increase slow wave sleep (sws) and paradoxical sleep (ps); the hypnogenic effect of clip is also observed in hypophysectomized rats. furthermore, two hypothalam ...	1990	1981927
sleep variables are unaltered by zolantidine in rats: are histamine h2-receptors not involved in sleep regulation?	the effects of the h1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine and the brain-penetrating h2-receptor antagonist zolantidine were studied in rats implanted for chronic sleep recordings. diphenhydramine (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) significantly increased slow wave sleep and decreased wakefulness. zolantidine (0.25-8.0 mg/kg) had no significant effects on any of the sleep parameters examined. one possibility is that zolantidine did not enter the brain in sufficient concentration to produce significant changes on sl ...	1990	1977498
alpha-interferon modifies cortical eeg activity: dose-dependence and antagonism by naloxone.	activation of the immune system is believed to provide signals in the form of chemical messengers that are able to change neural activity in a variety of regions of the central nervous system. in studies designed to examine the effects of alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn) upon the central nervous system, recordings of cortical eeg were made following intracerebroventricular injection of various doses of the cytokine. administration of 25 u of alpha-ifn increased the amount of wake and decreased the a ...	1990	1965206
behavioural characteristics of sleep in rats under different light/dark conditions.	in the light, rats tend to sleep with curled-up body and closed eyes, while in the dark they tend to sleep more stretched out and often with open eyes. these differences in posture may be caused by the differences in light intensity or by a diurnal rhythm. to study this, rats were provided with eeg and emg electrodes for sleep classification and two housing conditions were created. one group of rats was maintained on a light/twilight schedule, while another group lived on a twilight/dark schedul ...	1991	1946735
sleep changes induced by the local application of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the nodose ganglia and aortic denervation in the rat.	the effects of a bilateral microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-dht) into the nodose ganglia and aortic denervation on the daily amounts of sleep/wake states were studied in rats. both lesions produced an increase in paradoxical sleep and provoked the onset of paradoxical sleep episodes without slow-wave-sleep transition ("narcolepsy-like" paradoxical sleep episodes). the increase in paradoxical sleep observed after 5,7-dht injection was more important than that of the aortic denervati ...	1991	1945758
inhibition of sleep in rats by inorganic selenium compounds, inhibitors of prostaglandin d synthase.	prostaglandin (pg) d2 has been postulated to be an endogenous sleep-promoting factor in rats, and secl4 and na2seo3 recently have been shown to inhibit the pgd synthase (prostaglandin-h2 d-isomerase, ec 5.3.99.2) activity of rat brain. the effect of these selenium compounds on sleep-wake activities was examined in freely moving rats along with their effects on brain temperature, food and water intake, and behavior. test substances were administered for 6 hr into the third ventricle of rats, usin ...	1991	1924366
differential effects of m2 and m3 muscarinic antagonists on the sleep-wake cycle.	to study the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in sleep control, methoctramine (25, 50, 75 micrograms), a highly selective m2 antagonist, was injected intra-cerebroventricularly into freely moving rats. methoctramine induced a dose-dependent increase in desynchronized sleep (ds) latency (from 62.7 +/- 10 min following saline to 122.4 +/- 13.8 min with the lowest dose) and a 75% decrease in the amount of ds in 6 h recordings. 4damp (a m3/m1 selective antagonist) did not significantly change ds ...	1991	1912471
molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: roles of prostaglandins d2 and e2.	although sleep-wake cycles are repeated every day and night and almost one-third of our lifetime is spent sleeping, the molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation have remained little understood. recent experimental evidence indicates that prostaglandins (pg) d2 and e2 are probably two of the major endogenous sleep-regulating substances, one promoting sleep and the other wakefulness, in rats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and probably in humans as well. preliminary evidence indicates that the sites ...	1991	1907936
absence epilepsy and the level of vigilance in rats of the wag/rij strain.	in man, a relationship exists between sleep-wake states and absence epilepsy. during wakefulness, spike-wave discharges predominantly occur when the level of vigilance is not high, while during sleep they have a preference to occur during slow-wave sleep. during this latter type of sleep, spike-wave discharges prevail in periods where slow-wave sleep is light. in a series of experiments, the wag/rij rat model for absence epilepsy was characterized with respect to the relationships between the le ...	1991	1906586
the role of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle in parachlorophenylalanine (p-cpa) pretreated rat: a multiple approach study.	in the rat, the insomnia which follows the administration of parachlorophenylalanine (p-cpa), a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, is transiently reversed either by intra-cisternal injection of l-5-htp or by an associated injection of 5-htp and an l-aromatic-acid-decarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide). histochemical, immunohistochemical and chemical investigations showed that 5-htp administration does not lead to a detectable increase in cerebral 5-ht. these findings suggest that the restoration of s ...	1991	1836762
sleep-wake regulation by pgd2 and e2.		1991	1825402
triazolam-induced sleep in the rat: influence of prior sleep, circadian time, and light/dark cycles.	rats entrained to 12-h on /12-h off light schedule and injected with triazolam 0.4 mg/kg at the mid-point of their activity phase (6 h after lights out: circadian time = ct-18) had a stronger hypnotic response than animals free-running in constant dark injected at the equivalent circadian time. in contrast, entrained rats injected 5 h after lights on (ct-5) showed increased wake after injection relative to baseline, largely due to rem sleep inhibition. hypnotic efficacy was found to be inversely ...	1991	1798833
intraperitoneal injection of cholecystokinin elicits sleep in rabbits.	cholecystokinin (cck) reduces food intake and promotes non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) in rats. the purpose of present experiments was to determine if cck is somnogenic in rabbits; another species in which cck suppresses feeding. white new zealand rabbits were treated intracerebroventricularly (icv; 0.05, 0.5 and 2 micrograms) or intraperitoneally (ip; 2.5, 10 and 40 micrograms/kg) with cck or saline, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (tbr) were recorded for 6 h. injections of 1 ...	1991	1798781
serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control.	electrophysiologic studies of brain serotonergic neurons in behaving animals indicate that their activity is closely related to the sleep-wake-arousal cycle and to certain specific types of repetitive motor activity. a variety of other environmental and physiologic manipulations are ineffective in altering the activity of this neurochemical system. an attempt is made to relate these results to well-known involvement of brain serotonin in human affective disorders.	1991	1752856
cholecystokinin promotes sleep and reduces food intake in diabetic rats.	it has been reported that systemic injections of cholecystokinin (cck) elicit the behavioral characteristics of satiety, including sleep, in rats. cck is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion, and insulin is hypothesized to be involved in sleep and feeding regulation. the purpose of the current experiments was to study the possible role of endogenous insulin in the food-intake-reducing and hypnogenic effects of intraperitoneally (ip) administered cck. normal and streptozotocin (str)-diabetic ...	1991	1745688
spike-wave discharges and sleep-wake states in rats with absence epilepsy.	the occurrence of spike-wave discharges was studied in relation to the daily fluctuations of vigilance level in rats. eight rats of the wag/rij strain, an animal model for idiopathic generalized epilepsy of the absence type, which were equipped with cortical eeg and nuchal emg electrodes, served as subjects. it was found that spike-wave discharges predominantly occur during light slow wave sleep and passive wakefulness. rem sleep, active wakefulness, and deep slow wave sleep are less susceptible ...	1991	1743184
cholinergic modulation of responses to glutamate in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the anesthetized rat.	neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (trn) of the chloral hydrate-anesthetized rat were studied with extracellular recording and microiontophoretic application of cholinergic agents. in most cases (63%), the ejection of the agonist, carbachol, had no observable effect on spontaneous activity, and in an additional 33% of cases was observed to inhibit discharge rate. carbachol ejections with identical current and duration parameters proved capable of antagonizing the uniformly facilitatory re ...	1991	1684131
ultradian and circadian changes in the camp concentration in the preoptic region of the rat.	the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was measured, during the wake-sleep cycle, in the preoptic region and the cerebral cortex of rats kept in normal laboratory conditions (ambient temperature 22 +/- 0.5 degrees c, 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle) and, during wakefulness, in the preoptic region of rats exposed to extended light and dark periods (i.e. dark in the light hours of the normal photoperiod, and light in the dark hours of the normal photoperiod). the results show that th ...	1991	1655158
effects of an eight-hour advance of the light-dark cycle on sleep-wake rhythm in the rat.	we observed effects of an 8-h advance of the light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. on the day phase-advanced, rapid eye movement (rem) sleep increased with its enhanced diurnal amplitude. non-rem (nrem) sleep gradually increased in parallel with the decrease of its diurnal amplitude. although the acrophase of nrem sleep gradually advanced after the phase advance, that of rem sleep did not significantly change. we confirmed that diurnal rhythm of rem sleep was hardly shifted ...	1992	1584456
neuronal firing in the nucleus accumbens is associated with the level of cortical arousal.	because of evidence that the nucleus accumbens mediates the activating effects of many drugs, this study examined the hypothesis that the firing rates of individual nucleus accumbens neurons are positively correlated with spontaneous changes in behavioral arousal that occur during the sleep-wake cycle. the present report examined the firing patterns of 80 neurons in the nucleus accumbens of unanesthetized, unrestrained rats during various electrographically determined levels of arousal. synaptic ...	1992	1488114
antiserum to prolactin decreases rapid eye movement sleep (rem sleep) in the male rat.	previous reports suggest that blood-born prolactin (prl) may selectively promote rapid eye movement sleep (rems). to study the possible involvement of endogenous prl in sleep regulation, rats were systemically injected with either antiserum to prl or normal rabbit serum, and the sleep-wake activity was determined during the subsequent 12-h light cycle. the administration of normal rabbit serum in physiological saline did not alter sleep-wake activity compared to control recordings, whereas the p ...	1992	1484861
age-variant and age-invariant rhythmicities in the cortical and hippocampal electrical activities of neonatal rats.	the neocortical and hippocampal electrical activities were studied in 8, 15, 22, and 29-day-old rats. segments of eeg recorded for 4 hours were analyzed by means of fast fourier transformation. the sleep-wake activity stages were determined. the developments in the neocortical and hippocampal eeg activities were characterized by the gradual appearance of adult-like eeg waves and a shift towards higher frequencies in the theta wave range of the hippocampal electrical activity. the power value in ...	1992	1478115
an animal model for delirium.	this study describes an animal model for delirium comparing rats treated with either saline or atropine. the model was defined by recordings of cortical eegs, maze performance, and behavioral observations. eeg slowing and increased amplitude, difficulty with attention and memory, sleep-wake cycle reversal, and changes in behavior (lack of focused direction, irritability, fluctuating levels of activity, excessive random sniffing) appeared consistent with signs and symptoms seen in human delirium. ...	1992	1461966
growth hormone-releasing hormone antibodies suppress sleep and prevent enhancement of sleep after sleep deprivation.	previous reports suggest that the hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) promotes sleep, especially non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems). to evaluate the role of endogenous ghrh in sleep regulation, the effects of antibodies to rat ghrh (ghrh-ab) were studied on normal sleep, brain temperature (tbr), and gh secretion in experiment i and on enhanced sleep after sleep deprivation in experiment ii. in experiment i, affinity-purified ghrh-ab (50 and 200 micrograms) raised in goats and ...	1992	1443226
tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia.	the enhanced sleep, fever, and anorexia experienced during general infections are attributed to the increased production of cytokines. cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) have characteristic somnogenic, pyrogenic, and anorectic effects. tnf-beta is closely related to tnf-alpha, and they share common receptors. the effects of tnf-beta on sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (tbr), and food intake were, however, heretofore unknown. we injected 0.5-200 ng t ...	1992	1415661
sleep deficits in rats after nmda receptor blockade.	n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor blockade disrupts a variety of functions associated with neural plasticity, including acquisition of learned responses and long-term potentiation. deficits in memory are significantly correlated with deficits in measures of paradoxical sleep in several amnesic populations. the present experiment therefore assessed whether npc 12626, a competitive nmda receptor antagonist, also disrupts sleep. npc 12626 (1, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or saline was administered to ...	1992	1409928
sleep homeostasis in suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats: effects of sleep deprivation and triazolam administration.	the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram of rats with lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scnx) were recorded during two series of 24-h baseline, 6-h sleep deprivation (sd), and 24-h recovery. at recovery onset, rats were injected i.p. with vehicle (veh) control solution or 0.4 mg/kg triazolam (trz) in a balanced crossover design. consecutive 10-s epochs were scored for vigilance states and eeg power spectra were computed. arousal states were uniformly distributed during 24-h baselin ...	1992	1393593
visual evoked potentials during spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges in rats.	flash evoked visual potentials (veps) were recorded in freely moving wag/rij rats. these rats show spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges in the eeg, interpreted as absence-like seizures. veps recorded during the presence of spike-wave discharges were compared with those obtained during normal states of vigilance as quiet wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and rem sleep. almost similar veps were recorded during wakefulness and rem sleep, whereas during slow-wave sleep the second positive peak ( ...	1992	1372232
theta waves and behavioral manifestations of alertness and dreaming activity in the rat.	electro-oscillographic recordings show that when rats wake up, behavioral manifestations such as head dorsal extension and snout and eye movements (which occur in this sequence), occasionally followed by brief ear and limb twitches, are preceded by and are simultaneous with theta waves (around 6.5 hz in frequency) in neocortical areas 3 and 17 and in the hippocampus. heart rate increases when the animal passes from synchronized sleep to relaxed wakefulness to exploratory behavior. during desynch ...	1992	1342605
sleep and waking have a major effect on the 24-hr rhythm of cortical temperature in the rat.	the relationship between the time course of cortical temperature (tcrt) and sleep-wake alternation was investigated by correlation analyses and a computer simulation. the data for these analyses were collected in 10 rats in a 4-day experiment (ld 12:12), during which vigilance states and tcrt were determined for consecutive 8-sec epochs. on day 1 baseline recordings were obtained; on day 2 the animals were sleep-deprived; and days 3 and 4 served as recovery days. the correlation analyses reveale ...	1992	1286205
a new species of chigger (acarina: thrombiculidae) from the midway islands.		1975	1159732
effects of forebrain lesions on release of proteins from the midbrain reticular formation during the sleep-wake cycle.		1976	947772
habituation of the eeg arousal response in rats: short- and long-term effects, frequency specificity, and wake--sleep transfer.	presentation of auditory stimuli over interstimulus intervals (isis) of several minutes to sleeping rats produced significant habituation of the electroencephalographic (eeg) arousal response. the arousal response habituated to an asymptote after only two or three stimulus presentations. little or no spontaneous recovery occurred between sessions separated by 24 or 72 hr. the habituation produced by a single stimulus presentation was retained for at least 24 hr, and orderly habituation was shown ...	1978	730856
effects of a short light-dark cycle on the sleep-wake patterns of the cat.	the purpose of this study was to measure the effect of a short, 106 min, light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake (sw) patterns of the cat. eight cats prepared for chronic sleep studies were observed with electrographic tracings for 48 hr on a regular 12:12 hr ld schedule and again after 2 weeks of adaptation to a 27 min light and 79 min dark schedule. each 1 min of data was scored as either alert, drowsy, slow wave sleep (sws) or rem sleep. the parameters studied were percent electrographic stat ...	1979	228374
daytime sleep-wake cycle in the rat.		1978	217032
effect of a chronic tryptophan dietary deficiency on the rat's sleep-wake cycle.	the sleep-wake cycle of 12 tryptophan dietary deficient rats and their non-deficient paired controls were observed for a 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. period. eeg, emg and body activity were continuously monitored on polygraphic recordings throughout the 12 hr observation period. the results indicate no significant difference between the tryptophan deficient and sufficient animals in time spent awake, slow-wave or parodoxical sleep. there was a non-significant trend among the tryptophan deficient anima ...	1978	204399
the effects of various protein synthesis inhibitors on the sleep-wake cycle of rats.	the present investigation sought to determine the effects of anisomycin (a), chloramphenicol (cha), vincristine (v), and penicilline g on the sleep-wake cycle of rats. it was found that both high and low doses of anisomycin decreased rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, while only high doses of cha and v produced such a decrease. slow wave sleep (sws) was unaffected by these drugs. penicilline g, on the other hand, had no effect on the sleep-wake cycle. it was further shown that the reduction of rem ...	1977	197558
the behavioral effects of l-methionine and related compounds in rats and mice.	several groups of investigators have reported that the administration of l-methionine, with or without a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, induced an acute florid psychotic reaction in 40 percent of schizophrenics tested. the mode of action of l-methionine in brain is unknown, but may be via one or more of three mechanisms: the excess methionine (i) may lead to the production by transmethylation of some psychotomimetic methylated derivative of dopamine or serotonin, or (ii) could result in an increas ...	1975	164253
lung function in acute paraquat intoxication.	functional and morphological examination of the lungs was performed in rats 48 hours after intratracheal injection of 0.5 mg/kg of the herbicide paraquat. pronounced tachypnoea was observed (235+/-20 c/min), which also persisted under urethane anaesthesia (210+/-18 c/min). in control rats the mean breathing rate was 115+/-11 and 90+/-9 c/min in wake and anaesthetized rats respectively. the rate of breathing decreased to comparable values in experimental and control rats after bilateral cervical ...	1975	128020
[changes in reactivity of rat visual system during wake-sleep cycle].	the changes in amplitude of primary responses evoked at cortical level by paired pulses delivered into the optic nerve, have been statistically compared during seven stages of sleep and wakefulness. results are in agreement with changes in reactivity observed by other authors in the cat; an unexpected but significant decrease in reactivity has however been obtained during eyemovements when compared with other periods of paradoxical sleep.	1975	126727